寒假作业03 句子成分和句子结构、简单句、并列句和复合句+高考必考题型-【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练(译林版2020)

必修一、二语法 (句子成分和句子结构,简单句，并列句和复合句) 作业03 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 考点一、句子基本成分 1. 主语(subject) 　　主语是句子所谈论的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。 2. 谓语(verb) 　　谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 3. 表语(predicative) 　　表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。 4. 宾语(object) 　　宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。 5. 宾语补足语(object complement) 　　有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。 6. 定语(attributive) 　　定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 7. 状语(adverbial) 　　状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。注意：形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。 8. 同位语(appositive) 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。 典题分析 例1. What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A. The door B. was painted C. white D. None of them 例2. In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is ________. A. We B. made C. the room D. clean 例3. What’s the object in the sentence “I love music.”? A. I. B. love. C. music. D. None of them. 例4. In the sentence “Lily reads books every day.”, the subject is ________. A. Lily B. reads C. books D. every day 例5. “Walking in the park, a flower caught my eye.” This sentence is wrong because the logical subject of “Walking in the park” is not the same as the subject of the sentence. The correct subject of “Walking in the park” should be ________. A. anyone B. a flower C. the park D. I 考点二、七种基本句型 1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 SVO句式的句型特点为: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当), 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。SVO句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词, 后面一定要跟介词构成及物动词词组。 4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。 常见的接双宾语的及物动词(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。 6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的, 直接跟在宾语之后。 7. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语 SVP句式就是我们常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 谓语动词需用连系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 典题分析 例1. The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of ________. A. Subject + Predicate + Object B. Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C. Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D. Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 例2. In the sentence “The flower looks beautiful.”, the predicative is ________. A. The flower B. looks C. beautiful D. None of them 例3. Which of the following sentences belongs to the Subject + Predicate structure? A. He is a good boy. B. Birds fly. C. She likes apples. D. My mother bought me a dress. 例4. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. ________ (分析句子成分) A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+C 例5. Which of these sentences has a different sentence structure compared to the others? A. He told us a funny story. B. Eric asked me to help him. C. Computers are making our life easier. D. We found it difficult to persuade him to change his mind. 考点三、简单句、并列句和复合句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句(simple sentence)。可以分为陈述句，疑问句，感叹句和祈使句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 (2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 (3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 (4)表示原因, 常用for。 (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 主从复合句 1.连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 2.从句的作用和种类 从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 典题分析 例1. Write down what you want to buy. A. 简单句 B. 并列句 C. 复合句 D. 强调句 例2. Invite your friends to your home tonight. A. 陈述句 B. 疑问句 C. 祈使句 D. 感叹句 I 单项选择 1. What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A. The door B. was painted C. white D. None of them 2. In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is ________. A. We B. made C. the room D. clean 3. What’s the object in the sentence “I love music.”? A. I. B. love. C. music. D. None of them. 4. “The story is exciting.” In this sentence, “exciting” is a present participle used as ________. A. an attributive B. a predicative C. an adverbial D. an object complement 5. Now, walking along the bluestone streets there, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou - style houses featuring white walls, dark tiles (瓦片) and layered horse-head roofs, and ________ they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting. A. feel like B. felt like C. to feel like D. feeling like 6. The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 状语 D. 宾语补足语 7. Which part is predicate (表语) of the sentence below? “Though we have known each other for many years, he still seems a stranger to me. ” A. have known B. each other C. for many years D. a stranger to me 8. You wrote you are very worried about your friend. A. N. P B. Adj. P C. Adv. P 9. Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of“主+谓+宾+状”? A. I find it impossible to finish the task in time. B. They are talking about the film at the meeting. C. We have realized the importance of English. D. I will tell my friends this exciting news. 10. “I drank a cup of coffee before I left for school this morning.”该句所属句子基本类型“________”。 A. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 C. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 D. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 11. “He became a teacher of English.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 12. “I found myself in a strange place. ” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 13. “The professor gave us an exciting lecture.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 14. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city. A. S+V+O B. S+V+O+A C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+A 15. We had our chemistry class in the science lab. A. S+V+O B. S+V+O+C C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+A II. 判断下列各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ________ 2. To lose weight，she decided to work out every day. ________ 3. Stand over there and you’ll be able to have a better view of the oil painting. ________ 4. We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. ________ 5. After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles. ________ 6. Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing and they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers. ________ 7. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. ________ 8. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ________ 9. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? ________ 10. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. ________ 11. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. ________ 12. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. ________ 13. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ________ 14. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? ________ 15. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ________ 话题佳句—单句写作 1. 得知你将作为交换生来我们学校，我迫不及待地想见到你。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了让你快速适应这里的学校生活，我写信给你一些建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 首先，交一些中国朋友对你来说很重要，他们可以在很多方面帮助你。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 同样重要的是你对生活的积极态度和对自己的信心。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 最后但同样重要的是，正如我们都知道的那样，你应该在学习和生活之间保持平衡。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 青少年和父母发生争吵是很常见的。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 这里有一些关于如何处理他们之间关系的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 首先，青少年与父母意见不同时应该保持冷静。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 对父母来说，他们在责骂孩子之前应该全盘考虑。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 我们都渴望青少年和他们的父母能建立一种良好的关系。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修一、二语法 (句子成分和句子结构,简单句，并列句和复合句) 作业03 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 考点一、句子基本成分 1. 主语(subject) 　　主语是句子所谈论的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。 2. 谓语(verb) 　　谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 3. 表语(predicative) 　　表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。 4. 宾语(object) 　　宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。 5. 宾语补足语(object complement) 　　有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。 6. 定语(attributive) 　　定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 7. 状语(adverbial) 　　状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。注意：形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。 8. 同位语(appositive) 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物, 并且语法功能也一样, 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。 典题分析 例1. What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A. The door B. was painted C. white D. None of them 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：门被漆成了白色。在被动语态句中，对主语进行补充说明的是主语补足语。此句“The door was painted white.”中，“The door”是主语，“was painted”是谓语，“white”用于补充说明主语“The door”被漆成的颜色，所以主语补足语是“white”。故选C。 例2. In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is ________. A. We B. made C. the room D. clean 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们把房间打扫干净了。在主谓宾补结构中，补语用于补充说明宾语的情况，使句子意思更完整。此句中，we(我们)是主语，the room(房间) 是宾语，clean(干净的) 用于说明宾语the room的状态，所以补语是clean。故选D项。 例3. What’s the object in the sentence “I love music.”? A. I. B. love. C. music. D. None of them. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我喜欢音乐。在这个句子中，I为主语，“love” 是及物动词，“music”是“love”这个动作所指向的对象，所以宾语是“music”。故选C。 例4. In the sentence “Lily reads books every day.”, the subject is ________. A. Lily B. reads C. books D. every day 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：莉莉每天都读书。此句句子结构是：主谓宾状，Lily是句子的主语(subject)，reads是谓语动词，books是宾语，every day作时间状语。故选A项。 例5. “Walking in the park, a flower caught my eye.” This sentence is wrong because the logical subject of “Walking in the park” is not the same as the subject of the sentence. The correct subject of “Walking in the park” should be ________. A. anyone B. a flower C. the park D. I 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语。句意：在公园散步时，一朵花引起了我的注意。这个句子是错误的，因为“Walking in the park”的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一样。“在公园散步”的正确主语应该是I。解题指导：“Walking in the park”的逻辑主语应该是人，而原句中“a flower”作主语导致错误，正确的逻辑主语应该是“I”。故选D。 考点二、七种基本句型 1. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语 3. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 SVO句式的句型特点为: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当), 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。SVO句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词, 后面一定要跟介词构成及物动词词组。 4. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语 5. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。 常见的接双宾语的及物动词(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。 6. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的, 直接跟在宾语之后。 7. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语 SVP句式就是我们常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 谓语动词需用连系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 典题分析 例1. The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of ________. A. Subject + Predicate + Object B. Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative C. Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object D. Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他给了妹妹一个玩具。在这个句子里，“He”是主语；“gave”是谓语动词；“his sister”是间接宾语；“a toy”是直接宾语。所以该句是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构。故选C项。 例2. In the sentence “The flower looks beautiful.”, the predicative is ________. A. The flower B. looks C. beautiful D. None of them 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这朵花看起来很美。此句为主系表结构，在此句子结构中，表语用于说明主语的样子、特征或状态等情况，位于系动词之后。此句中，The flower作主语，looks(看起来)是系动词，beautiful(漂亮的)用于说明主语The flower的特征，作表语。故选C。 例3. Which of the following sentences belongs to the Subject + Predicate structure? A. He is a good boy. B. Birds fly. C. She likes apples. D. My mother bought me a dress. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。问题句意：以下哪个句子属于主语+谓语结构？分析句子可知，Subject + Predicate(主谓结构)是指主语发出动作，且谓语是不及物动词，仅靠主语和谓语句子意思就完整。A 选项 “He is a good boy” 是主系表结构，有系动词 “is”；C 选项 “She likes apples” 是主谓宾结构，“likes(喜欢)” 是及物动词，后面有宾语 “apples”；D 选项 “My mother bought me a dress” 是主谓双宾结构。而 B 选项 “Birds fly” 中，“Birds(鸟)” 是主语，“fly(飞)” 是不及物动词作谓语，符合主谓结构特点。故选B项。 例4. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. ________ (分析句子成分) A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+C 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好和乐于助人。在该句中，I意为“我”为代词，作主语(S)；found意为“发现”为动词，作谓语(V)；most of my classmates and teachers为名词短语，意为“我的大多数同学和老师”作found的宾语(O)；friendly and helpful为形容词短语，意为“友好而乐于助人”作宾补(C)，综上分析，该句的结构为“S+V+O+C”。故选D项。 例5. Which of these sentences has a different sentence structure compared to the others? A. He told us a funny story. B. Eric asked me to help him. C. Computers are making our life easier. D. We found it difficult to persuade him to change his mind. 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构分析。题干是下面哪个句子的句子结构与其他句子不同？A. 他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。He是主语，told是谓语，us为间接宾语， a funny story是直接宾语，所以本句为主谓+双宾语的结构；B. 埃里克让我帮助他。Eric是主语，asked是谓语，me为宾语， to help him是宾补，所以本句为主谓+宾语+宾补的结构；C. 电脑使我们的生活更方便。Computer是主语，are making是谓语，our life 为宾语，easier是宾补，所以本句为主谓+宾语+宾补的结构；C. 我们发现很难说服他改变主意。We是主语，found是谓语， it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式 to persuade him to change his mind，difficult是宾补，所以本句为主谓+宾语+宾补的结构；故选A。 考点三、简单句、并列句和复合句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句(simple sentence)。可以分为陈述句，疑问句，感叹句和祈使句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 并列连词 并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。 (2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。 (3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。 (4)表示原因, 常用for。 (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。 主从复合句 1.连词 (1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……的时候), so that(以便) (2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。 (3)连接副词: when, why, where, how (4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose (5)关系副词: when, why, where 2.从句的作用和种类 从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 典题分析 例1. Write down what you want to buy. A. 简单句 B. 并列句 C. 复合句 D. 强调句 例2. Invite your friends to your home tonight. A. 陈述句 B. 疑问句 C. 祈使句 D. 感叹句 【答案】1. C 2. C 【解析】1. 考查句子类型。句意：把你要买的东西写下来。分析句子可知，what引导宾语从句，作动词短语Write down的宾语，故本句是复合句，故选C。2. 考查句子类型。句意：邀请你的朋友今晚来你家做客。分析句子可知，本句是以动词原形Invite开头的祈使句，故选C。 I 单项选择 1. What’s the subject complement in the sentence “The door was painted white.”? A. The door B. was painted C. white D. None of them 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：门被漆成了白色。在被动语态句中，对主语进行补充说明的是主语补足语。此句“The door was painted white.”中，“The door”是主语，“was painted”是谓语，“white”用于补充说明主语“The door”被漆成的颜色，所以主语补足语是“white”。故选C。 2. In the sentence “We made the room clean.”, the complement is ________. A. We B. made C. the room D. clean 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们把房间打扫干净了。在主谓宾补结构中，补语用于补充说明宾语的情况，使句子意思更完整。此句中，we(我们)是主语，the room(房间) 是宾语，clean(干净的) 用于说明宾语the room的状态，所以补语是clean。故选D项。 3. What’s the object in the sentence “I love music.”? A. I. B. love. C. music. D. None of them. 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我喜欢音乐。在这个句子中，I为主语，“love” 是及物动词，“music”是“love”这个动作所指向的对象，所以宾语是“music”。故选C。 4. “The story is exciting.” In this sentence, “exciting” is a present participle used as ________. A. an attributive B. a predicative C. an adverbial D. an object complement 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这个故事很激动人心。A. an attributive一个定语；B. a predicative一个表语；C. an adverbial一个状语；D. an object complement一个宾补。现在分词exciting在句中作表语，描述story的特征。故选B。 5. Now, walking along the bluestone streets there, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou - style houses featuring white walls, dark tiles (瓦片) and layered horse-head roofs, and ________ they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting. A. feel like B. felt like C. to feel like D. feeling like 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语以及句子结构。句意：现在，沿着那里的青石街道漫步，游客们可以欣赏到独具特色的徽派建筑，其有着白色的墙壁、黑色的瓦片以及层层叠叠的马头墙，并且感觉仿佛置身于一幅传统的中国水墨画之中。此处考查and连接并列的谓语动词，前面can appreciate是谓语动词形式，所以此处也要用动词原形与之并列，feel like 意为“感觉好像；仿佛”，符合此处游客漫步时产生仿佛置身水墨画之中的这种感受的语境，故选A。 6. The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 状语 D. 宾语补足语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：组织者计划改进机器人，并经常开放这家咖啡馆，以支持残疾人的就业。本句主语为The organizers，谓语为plan，宾语为to improve 。故选A。 7. Which part is predicate (表语) of the sentence below? “Though we have known each other for many years, he still seems a stranger to me. ” A. have known B. each other C. for many years D. a stranger to me 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：“虽然我们已经认识很多年了，但他对我来说仍然是一个陌生人。”本句是Though引导的让步状语从句，其中we是主语，have known是谓语动词，each other是宾语，for many years是时间状语；在主句中he是主语，seems是系动词，a stranger to me是表语，故选D项。 8. You wrote you are very worried about your friend. A. N. P B. Adj. P C. Adv. P 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你写信说你很担心你的朋友。very worried about your friend“担心你的朋友”，为形容词短语，位于are后，作表语。故选B。 9. Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of“主+谓+宾+状”? A. I find it impossible to finish the task in time. B. They are talking about the film at the meeting. C. We have realized the importance of English. D. I will tell my friends this exciting news. 【答案】B 【详解】考查基本句型。A选项中“I为主语；find为谓语，it为形式主语，impossible为宾补，不定式短语to finish the task作真正宾语，in time为介词短语作状语”,句意：我发现按时完成这项任务是不可能的。；B选项中“they作主语，are talking about作谓语，the film作宾语，at the meeting为介词短语作状语”，句意：他们在会上讨论那部电影。；C选项“we作主语，have realized作谓语，the importance作宾语，of English为介词短语作定语修饰名词importance”，句意：我们已经认识到英语的重要性。；D选项“I作主语，will tell作谓语，my friend作间接宾语，this exciting news作直接宾语”，句意：我会告诉我的朋友这个令人兴奋的消息。；根据以上句子结构分析可知，符合“主+谓+宾+状”结构的为选项B。故选B项。 10. “I drank a cup of coffee before I left for school this morning.”该句所属句子基本类型“________”。 A. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 C. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 D. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子类型。句意：今天早上我去学校之前喝了一杯咖啡。“I”是主语，“drank”是谓语，“a cup of coffee”是宾语，“before I left for school this morning”是时间状语。该句子的基本类型是“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”，故选A。 11. “He became a teacher of English.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“他成了一名英语教师。”这个句子的结构是“主+系+表”。He是主语；became是系动词；a teacher of English是表语。所以，该句子是“主+系+表”结构。故选B项。 12. “I found myself in a strange place. ” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我发现自己身处一个陌生的地方。分析句子可知，该句为主+谓+宾+宾补的句型，主语为I；谓语为found；宾语为myself；介词短语in a strange place为宾语补足语。故选D项。 13. “The professor gave us an exciting lecture.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“教授给我们上了一场激动人心的课。”这个句子的结构是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”。The professor是主语，gave是谓语，后面接双宾语，其中us是间接宾语，an exciting lecture是直接宾语，故选C。 14. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city. A. S+V+O B. S+V+O+A C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+A 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这所有百年历史的学校位于市中心。The 100-year-old school是主语(S)，lies是谓语(V)，in the center of the city是地点状语(A)。所以这是一个“主语+谓语+状语”的结构，即S + V + A。故选D。 15. We had our chemistry class in the science lab. A. S+V+O B. S+V+O+C C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+A 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们在科学实验室上化学课。A. S+V+O主+谓+宾；B. S+V+O+C主+谓+宾+宾补；C. S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾补；D. S+V+O+A主+谓+宾+状。分析句子可知，“We”是主语，“had”是谓语，“our chemistry class”是宾语，“in the science lab”是状语。故选D项。 II. 判断下列各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ________ 2. To lose weight，she decided to work out every day. ________ 3. Stand over there and you’ll be able to have a better view of the oil painting. ________ 4. We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. ________ 5. After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles. ________ 6. Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing and they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers. ________ 7. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. ________ 8. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ________ 9. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? ________ 10. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. ________ 11. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. ________ 12. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. ________ 13. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. ________ 14. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? ________ 15. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. ________ 【答案】 1. 简单句 2. 简单句 3. 并列句 4. 并列句 5. 复合句 6. 并列句 7. 简单句 8. 主从复合句 9. 简单句 10. 简单句 11. 并列句 12. 主从复合句 13. 并列句 14. 主从复合句 15. 简单句 【解析】 1. 考查简单句。句意：汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。“Both Tom and Jack ”为主语；“enjoy”为谓语；“country music”为宾语，所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 2. 考查简单句。句意：为了减肥，她决定每天锻炼。“To lose weight”为状语，句子的主语为She；谓语动词为decided；to work out为宾语；every day为状语。所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 3. 考查并列句。句意：站在那边，你可以把油画看得更清楚。“Stand over there”与“you’ll be able to have a better view of the oil painting”为并列关系，连词为and，所以本句为并列句。故填并列句。 4. 考查并列句。句意：我们都希望它能接受和爱我们自己，但有时这似乎太难了。“We all want it to accept and love ourselves”与“at times it seems too difficult”为转折关系，并列连词为but。所以为并列句。故填并列句。 5. 考查复合句。句意：学生们都进了化学实验室后，老师拿出三个瓶子。“After the students were all in the chemistry lab”与“the teacher brought out three bottles”为先后关系，连词为after，所以为after引导的时间状语从句。所以本句为复合句。故填复合句。 6. 考查并列句。句意：李华和王林喜欢画画，他们经常为墙报画画。“Li Hua and Wang Lin like drawing“与“they often draw pictures for the wall newspapers”为并列关系，并列连词为and。故填并列句。 7. 考查简单句。句意：我们经常在星期五下午学习中国历史。“We”为主语，“often”为状语；“study”为谓语；“Chinese history”为宾语；“on Friday afternoon”为状语。所以本句为主谓宾结构，为简单句。故填简单句。 8. 考查复合句。句意：给我让座的那个男孩叫汤姆。句子的主语为The boy；谓语为is called；宾语为Tom；who offered me his sea为定语从句修饰主语。所以本句为主从复合句。故填主从复合句。 9. 考查简单句。句意：这个房间里有一把椅子，是吗?“There is a chair in this room”为there be句型；“isn’t there?”为疑问部分，所以为简单句。故填简单句。 10. 考查简单句。句意：我哥哥和我早上七点半去上学，晚上七点回家。“My brother and I”为主语，“go”为谓语“to school”为宾语；“at half past seven in the morning”为状语，“come back”为并列谓语，“home”宾语；“at seven in the evening”为状语。所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 11. 考查并列句。句意：他在一班我在二班。“He is in Class One.”与“I am in Class Two”为并列关系，并列连词为and。故填并列句。 12. 考查主从复合句。句意：他还是个孩子的时候就喜欢画画。“He was fond of drawing”为句子的主句；“when he was yet a child.”为从句；所以本句为主从复合句，连接词为when。故填主从复合句。 13. 考查并列句。句意：他既没有改变主意，也不会改变。“has he changed his mind”与“will he do so.”为并列关系，连接词为neither … nor…。故填并列句。 14. 考查主从复合句。句意：他在会上说的话很重要，是吗?“What he said at the meeting”为句子的主语，what引导的主语从句，“is”为系动词，“important”为表语，所以本句为主从复合句。故填主从复合句。 15. 考查简单句。句意：农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。“The farmer”为主语，“is showing”为谓语，“the boy how to plant a tree”为双宾语；所以本句为简单句。故填简单句。 话题佳句—单句写作 1. 得知你将作为交换生来我们学校，我迫不及待地想见到你。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了让你快速适应这里的学校生活，我写信给你一些建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 首先，交一些中国朋友对你来说很重要，他们可以在很多方面帮助你。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 同样重要的是你对生活的积极态度和对自己的信心。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 最后但同样重要的是，正如我们都知道的那样，你应该在学习和生活之间保持平衡。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 青少年和父母发生争吵是很常见的。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 这里有一些关于如何处理他们之间关系的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 首先，青少年与父母意见不同时应该保持冷静。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 对父母来说，他们在责骂孩子之前应该全盘考虑。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 我们都渴望青少年和他们的父母能建立一种良好的关系。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Learning that you are coming to our school as an exchange student，I can’t wait to meet you. 2. To make you quickly get used to the school life here，I am writing to give you some tips. 3. First of all，it is important for you to make some Chinese friends，who can help you in many ways. 4. Of equal importance are your positive attitude to life and confidence in yourself. 5. Last but not least，as we all know，you should keep a balance between your study and life. 6. It is not unusual that teenagers argue with/have an argument with their parents. 7. Here are some suggestions on how to deal with the relationships between them. 8. Firstly，teenagers should keep calm when disagreeing with their parents. 9. For parents，they should think things through before scolding their children. 10. We all desire that teenagers and their parents (should) establish a good relationship. 7 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$