寒假作业05 非限制定语从句+高考必考题型 -【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练(译林版2020)

选择必修三语法 (非限制定语从句) 作业05 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 考点一、非限制定语从句中的关系代词 1.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 2.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 3. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,一般不能省略。 4.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of whom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of which。 5.as既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 【名师点津】as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分 位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如,正像 这,这一点 典题分析 例1. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, ________ keep us updated on each patient. 例2. Isobel, ________ brother was training for the match, had heard the joke before. 考点二、关系副词when, where和why引导的非限制性定语从句 当先行词指时间或地点,且在定语从句中作状语时,用when, where引导非限制性定语从句,why不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which代替。 典题分析 例1.(2024-2025学年高二上·广东东莞·期中)Eliandro Libania, a Brazilian judo(柔道) black belt coach, has found a unique bond with Beijing, ________ he has lived for the past five years. 例2. I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, ________ the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. 考点三、非限制定语从句的注意点 1. “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中,whom指人,which指物。 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)引导词不同:关系代词that,关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切,中间用逗号隔开,译成汉语时,通常译成两句话;而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。 (3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可省略。 (4)在限制性定语从句中,指人时,作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替,但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。 典题分析 例1. Tom invited several people to come to his home for dinner last night, two of ________ were his classmates. 例2. --Have you ever seen the TV program Running Man? --Yes. It’s the best program ________ I have seen in the past few months. 1.(2024-2025学年高二上·重庆·阶段练习)The conclusion drawn by the team, ________ summarized all the key findings, was both clear and compelling. 2.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建福州·期中)He is rather amazed, ________ can be seen from his face. 3.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建福州·期中)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of ________ recovered. 4.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, ________ my grandparents and some relatives live. 5.(18-19高一下·新疆克拉玛依·期中)填写恰当的关系词 ①The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors(因素), most of ________ are beyond our control. ②They will fly to Washington, ________ they plan to stay for two or three days. ③His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream. ④Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of ________ wanted to buy it. ⑤Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. ⑥Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ________ oof is under repair. ⑦Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering. ⑧Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office. ⑨As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 6.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建漳州·期中)Our guide, ________ comes from France, is an excellent cook. 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·北京·期中)I’d like to introduce Professor Zhang, ________ will offer us knowledge on traditional Chinese culture in the coming lectures. 8.(2024-2025学年高一上·北京·期中)My brother, ________ you have met before, is now a professor. 9.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Mr. Smith, ________ you spoke to, is our new professor. 10.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)Isobel, ________ brother was training for the match, had heard the joke before. 11.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The famous footballer, in ________ honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon. 12.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)Mike sold the old house, ________ made his father very angry. 13.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)________ can be seen from his expression, he is quite upset. 14.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)________ you can see, I have a degree in finance, and I also have three years of work experience. 15.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)She gave me two books, both of ________ I didn’t like. 16.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)My uncle gave me a book, the cover of ________ is very beautiful. 17.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The students will put off the outing until next week, ________ they won’t be so busy. 18.(2024-2025学年高二上·广东惠州·期中)We will always remember the moment, ________ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. 19.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The young couple went to London, ________ they lived for six months. 20.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建漳州·期中)The room, ________ he lives alone, is wide and bright. II.完成句子 1. 她要到澳门去度假，在那里她将游览几处名胜。 She is going to spend the holiday in Macao, ________________________. 2. 我们沿着村里的街道走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 We walked down the village street, ________________________. 3. 我有一个儿子，他现在在大学学习物理。 I have a son, ________________________ in the university. 4. 我们班有50名学生，都学习努力，表现良好。 There are 50 students in our class, ________________________.(定语从句) 5. The boy, ________________________, studies very hard. 那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 6. 众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。(一句多译) Einstein, ________________________, is a famous scientist. ＝________________________ Einstein is a famous scientist. ＝________________________ is that Einstein is a famous scientist. 7. He is a man of great experience, ________________________. 他是个有丰富经验的人，从他那里我们能学到很多。 8. Here are the questions, ________________________. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。 9. 我们要把野餐推迟到下周，那时可能天气好些。(when引导定语从句) We’ll put off the picnic until next week, ________________________. 10.让我们为我们的约会定个日期，届时我们将谈论这件事。 Let’s fix a date for our appointment, ________________________. 话题佳句--单句写作 1. 众所周知，陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人，他写了一百三十余首诗。(acknowledge)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 门口有一些人，他们大多数都提交了申请。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 志愿者们舍小家顾大家，风雨无阻地坚守岗位，他们的无私奉献让我们肃然起敬。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 作为学生会主席，我被委派负责本次活动，旨在提升学生的环保意识。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 为农村人口创造了更多的工作岗位无异于打赢了脱贫攻坚战，在此过程中，电商起到了关键作用。(nothing short of)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 6. 正如谚语所说：“活到老，学到老。”(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 7. 节日是一种让我们能够享受轻松氛围的时刻。(atmosphere)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 8. 近年来，许多高校纷纷建立金融实验室，学生们在那里收集和分析数据，从而对数据背后的意义有更深刻的理解。(where)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 9. 下周五考试的那天碰巧有一场他们期待已久的音乐会，这令他们非常沮丧。(There) ________________________________________________________________________ 10.和其他年过七旬的老人一样，我爷爷也非常喜欢谈论他的青年时代。(case) ________________________________________________________________________ 4 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 选择必修三语法 (非限制定语从句) 作业05 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 考点一、非限制定语从句中的关系代词 1.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 2.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 3. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,一般不能省略。 4.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of whom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+of which。 5.as既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 【名师点津】as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分 位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如,正像 这,这一点 典题分析 例1. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, ________ keep us updated on each patient. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们必须非常敏感，并与医生和护士密切合作，他们让我们了解每个病人的最新情况。句中先行词为the doctors and nurses，指人，关系词替代先行词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。 例2. Isobel, ________ brother was training for the match, had heard the joke before. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：伊泽贝尔，她的哥哥正在为这场比赛训练，她以前听过这个笑话。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Isobel，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作定语，和brother之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 考点二、关系副词when, where和why引导的非限制性定语从句 当先行词指时间或地点,且在定语从句中作状语时,用when, where引导非限制性定语从句,why不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which代替。 典题分析 例1.(2024-2025学年高二上·广东东莞·期中)Eliandro Libania, a Brazilian judo(柔道) black belt coach, has found a unique bond with Beijing, ________ he has lived for the past five years. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：巴西柔道黑带教练埃利安德罗·利比亚发现，他与北京有着独特的联系，过去五年他一直在北京生活。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 例2. I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, ________ the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将在九月和我的父母去北京观光，那时天气既不太热也不太冷。先行词是September，在定语从句中作时间状语，用when引导非限制性定语从句。故填when。 考点三、非限制定语从句的注意点 1. “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中,whom指人,which指物。 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)引导词不同:关系代词that,关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切,中间用逗号隔开,译成汉语时,通常译成两句话;而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。 (3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可省略。 (4)在限制性定语从句中,指人时,作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替,但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。 典题分析 例1. Tom invited several people to come to his home for dinner last night, two of ________ were his classmates. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨晚Tom邀请了几个人来他家吃饭，其中两个是他的同学。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是several people，关系代词在从句中作宾语，同时置于介词of之后，因此用whom。故填whom。 例2. --Have you ever seen the TV program Running Man? --Yes. It’s the best program ________ I have seen in the past few months. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：---你看过电视节目《跑男》吗？---是的。这是我在过去几个月里看过的最好的节目。分析句子可知，句中的the best program是先行词，在定语从句中see的宾语，因为先行词有最高级best，故作宾语指物时只能用that，故填that。 1.(2024-2025学年高二上·重庆·阶段练习)The conclusion drawn by the team, ________ summarized all the key findings, was both clear and compelling. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究小组总结了所有的关键发现，得出的结论既清楚又令人信服。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The conclusion，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 2.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建福州·期中)He is rather amazed, ________ can be seen from his face.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他相当惊讶，从他的脸上可以看出。as can be seen from...是一个常用的固定句式，意为 “正如从……可以看出的那样”，在这里as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，它指代的是前面整个句子，意为“正如……”。故填 as。 3.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建福州·期中)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of ________ recovered. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。此处用“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句来修饰先行词patients，并作介词of的宾语，先行词指人，用whom引导从句。故填whom。 4.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, ________ my grandparents and some relatives live. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们要去广州过春节，我的祖父母和一些亲戚住在那里。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Guangzhou，且在从句作地点状语，故填where。 5.(18-19高一下·新疆克拉玛依·期中)填写恰当的关系词 ①The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors(因素), most of ________ are beyond our control. ②They will fly to Washington, ________ they plan to stay for two or three days. ③His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream. ④Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of ________ wanted to buy it. ⑤Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. ⑥Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ________ oof is under repair. ⑦Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering. ⑧Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office. ⑨As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 【答案】 ①which ②where ③which ④whom ⑤where/ in which ⑥whose ⑦whose ⑧which ⑨when 【详解】本大题主要考查定语从句的关系词的选择。定语从句的关系有关系代以及关系副词。在选择关系词时要找出定语从句中的先行词，判定其在定语从句中所作的成分，才能确定是关系代词还是关系副词，仔细甄别，得出答案。同时还要注意只能用that或which的情况，以及把介词提到关系词前的情况。 ①考查非限制性定语从句。句意：植物的生长速度受多种因素的影响，其中大多数因素超出了我们的控制。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的factors是先行词，在定语从句中作of的宾语，指物要用which，故填which。 ②考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：他们将飞往华盛顿，计划在那里停留两三天。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的Washington是先行词，在从句中作状语，表示地点要用where，故填where。 ③考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他的电影在电影节上获得了好几个奖项，这是他难以想象的。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，本空格指代前面的一个句子“他的电影在电影节上获得了好几个奖项”这件事，修饰前面的一整个句子可用which，故填which。 ④考查定语从句的关系词。句意：上周，只有两个人来看这所房子，他们都不想买。分析句子可知，句中的先行词为two people，在定语从句中作neither of的宾语，指人作宾语要用whom。 ⑤考查定语从句的关系词。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用该语言的情形。分析句子可知，句中的先行词为a number of cases，在定语从句中作状语，作为抽象的地点可用where，也可用in which，故填where/ in which。 ⑥考查定语从句的关系词。句意：小心！不要离正在维修的房子的屋顶太近。分析句子可知，句中的先行词为the house，the house 在从句中作屋顶roof的定语，故填whose。 ⑦考查定语从句的关系词。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受了洪水袭击，现在人们仍在受洪水的影响。分析句子可知，句中的flood是先行词，在从句中作effects的定语，作定语要用whose，故填whose。 ⑧考查定语从句的关系词。句意：吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这让办公室里的每个人都感到惊讶。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的“吉姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事，指代前面的整个句子要用which，故填 which。 ⑨考查定语从句的关系词。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望有一段时间能够独立。分析句子可知，句中的the time是先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，故填 when。 6.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建漳州·期中)Our guide, ________ comes from France, is an excellent cook. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的向导来自法国，是一位出色的厨师。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Our guide，在从句中作主语，代指人，用who引导。故填who。 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·北京·期中)I’d like to introduce Professor Zhang, ________ will offer us knowledge on traditional Chinese culture in the coming lectures. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想向大家介绍张教授，他将在接下来的讲座中为我们提供有关中国传统文化的知识。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词Professor Zhang，指人，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。 8.(2024-2025学年高一上·北京·期中)My brother, ________ you have met before, is now a professor. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你以前见过的我的哥哥现在是一名教授。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词My brother在从句中作宾语，指人，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 9.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Mr. Smith, ________ you spoke to, is our new professor. 【答案】who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：和你谈话的史密斯先生是我们的新教授。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Smith，并指代先行词在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，应填who或whom。故填who/whom。 10.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)Isobel, ________ brother was training for the match, had heard the joke before. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Isobel的哥哥正在为比赛进行训练，她以前听过这个笑话。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词Isobel和brother之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 11.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The famous footballer, in ________ honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位著名的足球运动员将于今天下午到达，我们将为他举行宴会。句中先行词为footballer，在非限定性定语从句中作名词honour的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 12.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)Mike sold the old house, ________ made his father very angry. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：迈克把老房子卖了，这使他父亲非常生气。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是指前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 13.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)________ can be seen from his expression, he is quite upset. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从他的表情可以看出，他很沮丧。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句位于主句前，设空处在从句中作主语，指代后文主句阐述的内容，此从句用关系代词as引导，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填As。 14.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)________ you can see, I have a degree in finance, and I also have three years of work experience. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如你所看到的，我有金融学位，也有三年的工作经验。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指代后文的事实，意为“正如”用as。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填As。 15.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)She gave me two books, both of ________ I didn’t like. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她给了我两本书，两本书我都不喜欢。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词books是物，因此空格处用which引导定语从句。故填which。 16.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)My uncle gave me a book, the cover of ________ is very beautiful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我叔叔给了我一本书，它的封面很漂亮。“_____ is very beautiful”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a book，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 17.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The students will put off the outing until next week, ________ they won’t be so busy. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时他们就不那么忙了。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词next week，空处在从句作时间状语，故填when。 18.(2024-2025学年高二上·广东惠州·期中)We will always remember the moment, ________ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将永远记住我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 19.(2024-2025学年高二上·全国·课后作业)The young couple went to London, ________ they lived for six months. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这对年轻夫妇去了伦敦，在那里住了六个月。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词London表示地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，作状语，故填where。 20.(2024-2025学年高二上·福建漳州·期中)The room, ________ he lives alone, is wide and bright. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他自己居住的这个房间又宽敞又明亮。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是room，在从句里充当地点状语，应该使用关系副词where，故答案是where。 II.完成句子 1. 她要到澳门去度假，在那里她将游览几处名胜。 She is going to spend the holiday in Macao, ________________________. 【答案】where she will visit some places of interest 【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“在那里她将游览几处名胜”，可用表示地点的关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Macao作补充说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，从句描述将来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，即谓语为will do的形式，主语“她”用代词she，谓语“游览”可用动词visit，宾语“几处名胜”可用名词短语some places of interest。故填where she will visit some places of interest。 2. 我们沿着村里的街道走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 We walked down the village street, ________________________. 【答案】where villagers were having market day 【详解】考查定语从句，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“村民们正在那里赶集”，用where引导定语从句，限定the village street，“村民们”是villagers，“赶集”是have market day，由“正在”和walked可知，用过去进行时，主语villagers是复数，其后跟were。故填where villagers were having market day。 3. 我有一个儿子，他现在在大学学习物理。 I have a son, ________________________ in the university. 【答案】who is now studying physics 【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“他现在学习物理”，可用指人的关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词a son作补充说明，先行词在从句中作主语，“现在”可用副词now，“学习”可用动词study，“物理”应用名词physics，且时态应用现在进行时，be动词应用is。故填who is now studying physics。 4. 我们班有50名学生，都学习努力，表现良好。 There are 50 students in our class, ________________________.(定语从句) 【答案】all of whom work hard and behave well 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，“学习努力”表达为work hard；“表现良好”表达为behave well。根据句子分析可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，主语为“所有学生”，先行词为50 students，指人，故应用all of whom作从句中的主语，whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作of的宾语，且根据前文are可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填all of whom work hard and behave well。 5. The boy, ________________________, studies very hard. 那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 【答案】whose father is an engineer 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据英汉意思对比，空处应填“他的父亲是位工程师”，可用非限制性定语从句表达，本句空格以外的部分为主句，空格上的内容提供关于the boy的额外信息，故the boy是先行词，“父亲”father与the boy之间是所属关系，应使用whose引导从句，在从句中作定语，修饰father，根据主句谓语studies可知，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为单数，“是”应用is，“一位工程师”译为an engineer，作表语。故填whose father is an engineer。 6. 众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。(一句多译) Einstein, ________________________, is a famous scientist. ＝________________________ Einstein is a famous scientist. ＝________________________ is that Einstein is a famous scientist. 【答案】as is well known; It is well known that; What is well known 【详解】考查定语从句和主语从句。根据句中is可知，句子时态使用一般现在时，表客观情况，表示“众所周知”可用as is well known，为as引导的非限制性定语从句；也可以翻译为It is well known that，其中it为形式主语，that后引导从句作真正的主语；也可以翻译为what is well known，为主语从句，连接词what表“什么”，作从句中主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填①as is well known；②It is well known that；③What is well known。 7. He is a man of great experience, ________________________. 他是个有丰富经验的人，从他那里我们能学到很多。 【答案】from whom we can learn much 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。“从他那里我们能学到很多”可处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词He；从句主语为we，“向某人学习”作谓语，用动词短语为learn from，在情态动词can后用动词原形，“很多”作状语，用副词much；先行词He在定语从句中作介词from后的宾语，用关系代词whom，构成from whom引导定语从句。故填from whom we can learn much。 8. Here are the questions, ________________________. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。 【答案】some of which I think are difficult for you 【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。表示“其中一些我认为对你来说太难了”可以表述为定语从句；表示“我认为”用I think，作插入语；表示“……中的一些”用some of；先行词是questions，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which，构成“介词+which”引导的定语从句；表示“对某人来说很难”用be difficult for sb.，which指代的先行词questions为复数，结合前文的are可知句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，be动词用are；表示“你”用you，作for的宾语。故填some of which I think are difficult for you. 9. 我们要把野餐推迟到下周，那时可能天气好些。(when引导定语从句) We’ll put off the picnic until next week, ________________________. 【答案】when it’s likely to be better 【详解】考查when引导的非限制性定语从句和动词短语。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为next week，从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，使用it作主语，指代天气，表示“可能做某事”应用动词短语be likely to do...，时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，故答案为when it’s likely to be better。 10.让我们为我们的约会定个日期，届时我们将谈论这件事。 Let’s fix a date for our appointment, ________________________. 【答案】when we will discuss the matter 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、名词。表示“届时我们将谈论这件事”用非限制性定语从句。从句中：表示“我们”用we，作主语；表示“谈论”用discuss，本句描述将来的事情，句子时态用一般将来时，谓语用will discuss；表示“事情”用matter，作will discuss的宾语，此处为特指，matter前加the；先行词是date，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填：when we will discuss the matter。 话题佳句--单句写作 1. 众所周知，陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人，他写了一百三十余首诗。(acknowledge)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is universally acknowledged that Tao Yuanming is an outstanding and influential poet in ancient China, who wrote more than 130 poems. 【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句和形容词。根据句意，表示“众所周知”可理解为“人们普遍认为”可译为it is universally acknowledged that句型，其中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语，位于句首单词，首字母需大写；表示“陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人”为主语从句，主语“陶渊明”为Tao Yuanming，表示“是”为be动词，此处描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，所以be动词为is，表示“一位杰出和有影响力的诗人”为an outstanding and influential poet作表语，其中形容词outstanding和influential作定语修饰名词poet，表示“中国古代”为in ancient China，所以主句译为It is universally acknowledged that Tao Yuanming is an outstanding and influential poet in ancient China；表示“他写了一百三十余首诗”为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Tao Yuanming指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who，表示“写了”为write，作定语从句的谓语，使用过去时，所以定语从句译为who wrote more than 130 poems。故翻译为It is universally acknowledged that Tao Yuanming is an outstanding and influential poet in ancient China, who wrote more than 130 poems. 2. 门口有一些人，他们大多数都提交了申请。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There are some people at the gate, most of whom have submitted their applications. 【详解】考查定语从句、一般现在时和现在完成时。表示“门口有一些人”应用一般现在时表示现在的客观事实，表示“有”应用there be结构，主语为some people(一些人)，be动词应用are。表示“在门口”应用at the gate。表示“他们大多数都提交了申请 ”应用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词people，从句表示过去发生的事情对现在产生了结果或影响，所以应用现在完成时。表示“大多数”应用most of，在定语从句中缺少of的宾语，且先行词是人，所以应用关系代词whom。表示“提交”应用动词submit。表示 “申请”应用名词application作宾语，此处是指很多人的申请，所以应用复数形式。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为There are some people at the gate, most of whom have submitted their applications. 3. 志愿者们舍小家顾大家，风雨无阻地坚守岗位，他们的无私奉献让我们肃然起敬。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The volunteers have put the interests of the collective above their own families, steadfastly remaining at their posts through wind and rain，whose selfless dedication fills us with profound respect. 【详解】考查时态，定语从句和短语。主句“志愿者们舍小家顾大家”译为The volunteers have put the interests of the collective above their own families，用现在完成时表示现在的结果，put the interests of the collective above their own families表示“舍小家顾大家”，意为“将集体的利益置于他们自己的家庭之上”，“风雨无阻地坚守岗位”作状语，译为steadfastly remaining at their posts through wind and rain，用remain与逻辑主语volunteers是主动关系，用现在分词形式，“他们的无私奉献让我们肃然起敬”译为whose引导的定语从句，修饰volunteers，从句中作定语，selfless dedication表示“无私奉献”，fill us with profound respect表示“让我们肃然起敬”，故译为The volunteers have put the interests of the collective above their own families, steadfastly remaining at their posts through wind and rain，whose selfless dedication fills us with profound respect. 4. 作为学生会主席，我被委派负责本次活动，旨在提升学生的环保意识。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the President of the Student Union, I have been assigned to be responsible for this event, which aims to raise students’ awareness of environmental protection. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语和时态。表示“作为学生会主席”应用介词短语as the President of the Student Union，作状语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“我”应用代词I，作句子主语；表示“被委派”应用have been assigned to do sth.，使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示过去的动作对现在的影响；表示“负责本次活动”应用短语be responsible for this event；“旨在提升学生的环保意识”作this event的定语，可用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词event；表示“旨在……”可用短语aim to do sth.，其中aim是谓语动词，用一般现在时，与单数event保持一致，变形为aims；表示“提升学生的环保意识”可用短语raise students’ awareness of environmental protection。故翻译为As the President of the Student Union, I have been assigned to be responsible for this event, which aims to raise students’ awareness of environmental protection. 5. 为农村人口创造了更多的工作岗位无异于打赢了脱贫攻坚战，在此过程中，电商起到了关键作用。(nothing short of)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Creating more jobs for the rural population is nothing short of winning the battle against poverty, during which e-commerce has played a crucial role. 【详解】考查动名词作主语、固定短语及非限制性定语从句。“创造了更多的工作岗位”翻译为create more jobs，“为农村人口”翻译为for the rural population，“为农村人口创造了更多的工作岗位”应为creating more jobs for the rural population，动名词作主语，谓语动词为单数形式，“无异于”可以翻译为is nothing short of，of为介词，其后为动名词；“打赢脱贫攻坚战”翻译为winning the battle against poverty；“在此过程中”翻译为during which，which指代前面creating more jobs for the rural population is nothing short of winning the battle against poverty这件事情，为非限制性定语从句，“电商起到了关键作用”翻译为e-commerce has played a crucial role，has played为现在完成时表示从过去一致持续到现在的动作，故翻译为Creating more jobs for the rural population is nothing short of winning the battle against poverty, during which e-commerce has played a crucial role. 6. 正如谚语所说：“活到老，学到老。”(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the saying goes, “It is never too late to learn.” 【详解】考查固定句型和谚语。“正如谚语所说”可用固定句型as the saying goes，位于句首单首字母需大写，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，表示“活到老，学到老”应用固定表达it is never too late to learn。故翻译为As the saying goes, “It is never too late to learn.” 7. 节日是一种让我们能够享受轻松氛围的时刻。(atmosphere)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Festivals are occasions when we can enjoy the relaxing atmosphere。 【详解】考查定语从句和名词。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语“节日”festival，使用复数形式表示泛指，be动词使用are，表语“时刻”occasion，使用复数形式表示泛指，“让我们享受轻松氛围的”使用定语从句结构，修饰先行词occasions，“能够享受”can enjoy，宾语“轻松氛围”the relaxing atmosphere，先行词occasions指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导从句。故翻译为Festivals are occasions when we can enjoy the relaxing atmosphere. 8. 近年来，许多高校纷纷建立金融实验室，学生们在那里收集和分析数据，从而对数据背后的意义有更深刻的理解。(where)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, many universities have established financial laboratories, where students collect and analyze data, deepening their understanding of the significance behind the data. 【详解】考查动词时态，定语从句和非谓语动词。“近年来”译为“in recent years”，“许多高校”作主语，译为“many universities”，“纷纷建立”用动词establish，根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，译为“have established”，“金融实验室”作宾语，译为“financial laboratories”，“学生们在那里收集和分析数据”用非限制性定语从句，修饰financial laboratories，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，译为“where students collect and analyze data”，“加深……的理解”用deepen their understanding of，和逻辑主语students之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，“数据背后的意义”译为“the significance behind the data”。故译为In recent years, many universities have established financial laboratories, where students collect and analyze data, deepening their understanding of the significance behind the data. 9. 下周五考试的那天碰巧有一场他们期待已久的音乐会，这令他们非常沮丧。(There) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There happens to be a concert that they have been looking forward to for long next Friday, which disappoints them very much. 【详解】考查倒装句，定语从句和时态以及固定短语。There happen to be ...“碰巧”；固定短语have been looking forward to...“期待已久的”。且本句为which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，根据句意主句应用一般现在时，从句用现在完成进行时，故翻译为：There happens to be a concert that they have been looking forward to for long next Friday, which disappoints them very much.。 10.和其他年过七旬的老人一样，我爷爷也非常喜欢谈论他的青年时代。(case) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As is often the case with other elderly people who are over 70 years old, my grandpa is fond of talking about the days when he was young. 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据提示可知，此句为一般现在时。“和…一样”的固定表达为as is often the case with sb, “喜欢”的固定搭配为 be fond of，“谈论”是talk about，其中分别用定语从句来修饰“老人”和“时代”。再根据其它汉语提示，故句子翻译为：As is often the case with other elderly people who are over 70 years old, my grandpa is fond of talking about the days when he was young. 5 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$