Unit 1 Science Fiction Review Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Unit 1 Science Fiction 被 动 语 态 语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 1.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 2.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 复习被动语态 被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 例句 1 一般现在时 am / is / are+done We are given a lot of homework to do.我们有很多作业要做。 2 一般过去时 was / were+done They were given a warm welcome.他们受到热烈的欢迎。 3 现在进行时 am / is / are +being+done The bridge is being repaired at present.目前大桥正在维修。 4 过去进行时 was / were +being+done They told me that the case was being investigated. 他们告诉我案子正在调查。 被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 例句 5 现在完成时 have / has been+done The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。 6 过去完成时 had been+done He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。 7 一般将来时 will / shall be+done His wedding will be held in the hotel.他的婚礼将在酒店里举行。 8 过去将来时 would / should be+done He knew he would be punished for it.他知道他会为此受到惩罚。 1. 当我们不知道动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 Every classroom in this school is being equipped with a new TV set. 在这所学校里,每间教室都正在装备一台新的电视机。 Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 如果可以的话,请献一点血,很多生命将会因此而获救。 2. 为了强调动作的承受者时。 Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting are being exhibited at the culture show now. 剪纸等天津民间传统艺术品现在正在文化展览中展出。 被动语态的用法 被动语态的用法 3. 出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。 You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。 It is reported that they will come to our city for a visit. 据报道,他们要来我们城市访问。 特殊结构的被动形式 (1) 双宾动词的被动结构 例：He gave her some money.  She was given some money.  Some money was given to her. 带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。 特殊结构的被动形式 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。 (2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构 例：His father called him Jack. He was called Jack by his father. 特殊结构的被动形式 (3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构 常见的结构有： It is known that ... It is suggested that ... It is believed that ... It is reported that ... It is said that ... It is hoped that ... 特殊结构的被动形式 (4) 主动形式表被动意义 ① 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义 例：The food tasted better than it looked. 1. 某些连系动词，如 feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。 例：It can’t move. The door won’t shut. 2. 某些与 can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。 特殊结构的被动形式 例：My new pen writes well. The cloth doesn’t wash easily. 3. 某些可与well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read, write, wash 等。 特殊结构的被动形式 ② 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义 例：The question is difficult to answer. Volleyball is very interesting to watch. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等 特殊结构的被动形式 例：The film is well worth seeing. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. 在 be worth doing 和 be to blame 结构中， 动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 特殊结构的被动形式 当want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered). Practice 1. The flight must __________ (book) by tomorrow. 2. The twins ________ (look like) their mother. 3. She __________ (invite) to Jack’s 16th birthday party in New Jersey. 4. The pizza ________ (taste) delicious without any cheese at all. be booked look like was invited     tastes Practice 5. The company believes the products will ________ (sell) well in the run-up to Christmas. 6. The story ________ (read) well. 7. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________________ (broadcast) and I want to listen. 8. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _______ (belong) to the well-educated.  sell reads is being broadcast   belongs Practice Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese. 1. What is done cannot _________. (undo) 2. Janet __________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect) 3. Two hundred grammes of flour should ________ to the cake mix. (add) be undone 木已成舟。 was elected 珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。 蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。 be added Practice 4. A 3,000-seat venue __________________ for the circus performance in November. (build) 5. Working efficiency ________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve) 6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow) was built/will be built 一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成/将在十一月建成。 has been improved 自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。 is allowed 经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。 Practice 7. It is a great honour for me to _________ to address this international AI conference. (invite) 8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary _________________ at the meeting. (discuss) 9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to __________ to a top university. (admit) be invited 我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。 was being discussed 我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。 be admitted 使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。 Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect Science fiction _____________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________. The Three-Body Problem, _________ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. is regarded explored written Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect When the first volume _________________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book _____________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. was translated represents Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ____________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _______________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ____________? is recruited has been set up gets caught up in connected Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect And how will their behavior change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to ________________ when you go on reading. be discovered Thank You $$