Unit 1 Teenage Life Discovering Useful Structures课件 -2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures 1 基本句型 一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 主语 名词: Italian is my first language. 意大利语是我的母语。 代词: Who is that woman? 那个女的是谁？ 动名词: Living in that island country for three months is an unforgettable experience for me. 在那个岛国生活了三个月对于我来说是一段难忘的经历。 数词: Two-third of workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女性。 不定式: To be or not to be is not a quesiton. 生存与死亡已经不是一个问题。 词组或复合结构 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 总学习并不游戏让孩子变得呆板。 An adult joggig for 3,000 meters burns 230 kilo-calories. 一个成年人慢跑三千米可以燃烧230千大卡。 从句 What has happened proves that our policy is right. 充当主语有以下词类： 谓语 谓语主要分为两类： 简单谓语 复合谓语 凡是由一个动词构成，不管是什么时态，语态，语气都是简单谓语。 We have been hoping to visit your country。 很久以来一直想访问你们的国家。 情态动词与动词原形 系动词+ 表语 That may or may not be true. 这可能是真的，也可能不是。 It is a powerful engine. 这是一台强劲的发动机。 宾语 可以构成宾语的包括： 名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式 复合结构 从句 Show me your passport, please! They didn't promise him anything. How many do you need？ We need two. I enjoy working with you. I hope to see you again. You will find the pain easing. Ddi you write down what she said. 1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together 3. The time passed quickly. 4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. 5. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed. 基本句型 二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。常见的系动词就是be动词 Ｓ Ｖ（是系动词） Ｐ(表语) 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻) felt looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. 构成： ① adj. + n. /n. + adj. homeless people 无家可归的人 people present at the meeting 出席会议的人们 ② n. + n. the school football team 校足球队 a woman doctor 一名女医生 ③ n. + and + n. teachers and students 老师和学生 ④ v.-ing + n. / n. + v.–ing reading ability 阅读能力 students reading in the classroom 在教室读书的学生们 ⑤ -ed + n. /n. + -ed fallen leaves 落叶 photos taken by Mike 迈克拍的照片 ⑥ n. + to do the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召开的会议 ⑦ n. + 介词短语 a solution to the question 问题的解决办法 ⑧ 限定词 + n. my schedule 我的时间表 名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。 限定词包括冠词(a、an、the)，指示代词(this、that、these、those等)，形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their、its等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。 【误区警示】 在名词短语中对名词中心词起限定作用的叫限定词。限定词总是位于名词中心词之前。 （1）限定词与作前置修饰语的形容词同时修饰一个名词中心词时，限定词要位于形容词之前。 （2）一个名词前如果有两个或两个以上的限定词，那么这些限定词按先后顺序可分为前位、 中位、后位限定词。 ① 前位限定词有 all，both，half，double，twice，one-third，what 等。 ② 中位限定词有 a（n），the，this，that，these，those；my，your，his，her，its；some， no，every，either，enough，what（ever）等。 ③ 后位限定词有 one，two，...；first，second，...；next，last，other，another；many， much，（a）few，（a）little，fewer，（the）fewest，less，（the）least，more，most； several，such；plenty of，lots of，a great number of，a great/good many 等。 ④若一个名词词组带有两类或三类限定词，则搭配关系为：前位—中位—后位。 如：half his lesson 他的课的一半，all the three students所有这 3 名学生，all other students 根据句意，用恰当的名词短语完成句子 （1）　 　　　　　　　begins with the first step（千里之行，始于足下）. （2） 　 　　　　　　　（一个交换生）is talking to a teacher on campus. （3） I want to make 　　 　　 　（好的第一印象）. （4）He even told us 　　　　　　 （一个有趣的故事）! （5）　　　　　　　　　　　　（上个月建造的那座桥）needs repairing. （6）I’m interested in 　 　　　　　　（植物和动物）. （7）I’d like to have 　　　　　　　　 （一张学生证），please. （8）What is the best way to improve your　　　　　　　（阅读能力）? （9）I just had 　　　　　　　　　（我的第一节数学课）in senior high school! （10）The guy next to me tried to talk to me 　　　　　　　（一直）. A thousand-mile journey An exchange student a good first impression a funny story The bridge built last month plants and animals a student ID card reading ability my first maths class the whole time ① She learnt the new skill very quickly. ②He drives extremely carefully. ③The dress is rather too small for her. ④He speaks much too slowly. ⑤Very luckily, he was not in the house then. ① She learnt the new skill very quickly. ②He drives extremely carefully. ③The dress is rather too small for her. ④He speaks much too slowly. ⑤Very luckily, he was not in the house then. 3.副词短语语法功能： 修饰动词 修饰动词 修饰形容词 修饰副词 修饰句子 状语。副词短语可修饰动词、形容词和副词，甚至句子 特别提醒 副词enough在修饰形容词或副词构成形容词短语或副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。 The room is big enough. The family is rich enough. He spoke clearly enough. But the coach told me that I didn't play well enough . 1.The first week was a little confusing. 2.The building is so big that I'm completely lost. 3.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate. 4.Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate. 5.The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough. 6.My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast! Noun NP 名词 短语 Phrase 观察与探究 1.含义：名词短语是指以一个________为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当 于一个______词。 名词 名 1.限定词 4.不定式短语 5.分词短语 1.介词短语 2.形容词短语 3.定语从句 6.同位语(从句) 核心 名词 to do 过去分词：done 现在分词：doing 名词短语结构图 “左三右六” 3.描述性名词 2. 构成： 2.形容词 前置定语 后置定语 典型例题分析 1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 1 The first week was a little confusing. 2 The building is so big that I'm completely lost. 3 The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate. 【课本习题】 NP AdjP NP AdjP AdjP NP NP 4 Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate. 5 The new coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. 6 My first French class was very confusing.The teacher spoke so fast! 【课本习题】 AdvP NP AdjP NP AdvP NP NP AdvP Thank You! 23 $$