专题11 说明文阅读理解（名校真题精选）-2024～2025学年九年级英语上学期期末复习高效提分专练（广州专用）

专题11说明文阅读理解（名校真题精选）（共16篇） 一、说明文（Exposition）： 定义 旨在阐释明理，对事物的性质、特征、功能、用途等进行客观的介绍和解释，或者对事理进行阐述和说明。 特点 强调客观性和准确性，不带有作者的主观情感和观点倾向（但有些说明文可能会在客观介绍的基础上，引导读者形成某种观点或态度）。例如，介绍一种科技产品的使用方法、解释某个自然现象的成因、描述一个地方的风土人情等。 二、英语阅读理解的技巧和方法： Step1:先看题，题目中找关键词：数字，地名，人名，重要词汇 Step2:文章中进行定位，即关键词所在处划线，标题号 Step3:同义词替换，有的题目无需替换，有明显答案；有的需要近义词替换，或通过解释类来替换 Step4:选出最佳选项，仔细选择，注意混淆项的干扰。 三、英语阅读理解常考的题型及相应的答题指导： 题型 题型特点 答题指导 备注 (一)细节理解题 按顺序出题；每段 一题左右 1. 仔细阅读题目，确定关键词。 2. 带着关键词回到原文，定位相关信息。 3. 对比原文和选项，选出最符合原文细节的选项。 What do we know.../when/why..文章里一定有比较直白的答案点 (二)主旨大意题 要求概括文章的中心思想或主要内容。 1. 快速浏览全文，特别注意文章的首段、尾段以及每段的首句和尾句。 2. 综合这些关键部分的内容，总结出文章的主旨。 3. 对照选项，选择最能准确概括主旨的选项。 the best title看首段收尾句 Main idea看尾段收尾句 Suggestion/where it from看每段收尾句 (三)推理判断题 需要根据文章内容进行推理和判断。 1. 基于文章提供的事实和线索进行合理推断。 2. 注意不要过度推理，要以原文为依据。 3. 仔细分析选项，选择符合推理逻辑且有原文依据支持的选项。 英文不够强大，可用中文脑补，符合文章大逻辑 (四)词义猜测题 猜测文中生词或短语的含义。 1. 结合生词或短语所在的句子及上下文语境进行猜测。 2. 利用构词法知识辅助猜测。 3. 排除明显不符合语境的选项，选择最合理的释义。 上下文中找相关表达，注意词性保持一致，可用排除法（熟悉未必对，要结合语境意思） (五)观点态度题 判断作者对某一事物的态度。 1. 留意文中表达情感、观点的词汇和语句。 2. 分析作者的用词和语气。 3. 从选项中选择与分析结果相符的态度。 (六)文章结构题 总分总；总分；分总 四、真题训练 (1) It was only a matter of time before face masks became high-tech. Japanese company Donut Robotics has developed a face mask with “smart” abilities, including the ability to translate what the wearer is saying into eight different languages. The C-FACE Smart Mask still protects from the spread of COVID-19, but can also translate the wearer’s speech from Japanese into Vietnamese, English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Indonesian, and French. It works by connecting to a smartphone app through Bluetooth to translate the words into text messages and can also write down speech and make calls. Taisuke Ono, chief executive of Donut Robotics, said, “We worked hard for years to develop a robot and we have used that technology to create a product that responds to how the corona-virus has changed society.” The white plastic face mask was developed as the company searched for a product to help them survive the virus. When the virus struck, Donut Robotics had made a deal to supply robot guides and translators to Tokyo’s Haneda Airport, but this deal remains up in the air. It is said that each mask will cost about $40. The first 5,000 masks will be sold to Japanese buyers in September before expanding to China, the US, and Europe, too. 1. What can we learn about the smart mask? A. It was developed by a Chinese company. B. It has become a symbol of fashion in Japan. C. It has changed the way of daily communication. D. It was designed for both medical use and translation. 2. If a Japanese visits ________ the smart mask may not be helpful. A. China B. the US C. Thailand D. Germany 3. You can use the smart mask to ________. A. make a speech B. give somebody a call C. make a video call D. send text messages in any language 4. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “up in the air”? A. 在空中 B. 不清楚 C. 未决定 D. 已曝光 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一种具有多种功能的高科技口罩。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 1 推理判断题 根据“The C-FACE Smart Mask still protects from the spread of COVID-19, but can also translate the wearer’s speech from Japanese into Vietnamese, English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Indonesian, and French.”可推断出智能口罩的设计用于医疗和翻译。 D 2 推理判断题 根据“The C-FACE Smart Mask still protects from the spread of COVID-19, but can also translate the wearer’s speech from Japanese into Vietnamese, English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Indonesian, and French.”可推断出如果日本人来访，智能口罩可能没有帮助到德国人。 D 3 细节理解题 根据“It works by connecting to a smartphone app through Bluetooth to translate the words into text messages and can also write down speech and make calls.”可知，可以使用智能口罩可以给别人打电话。 B 4 词义猜测题 根据“When the virus struck, Donut Robotics had made a deal to supply robot guides and translators to Tokyo’s Haneda Airport, but this deal remains up in the air.”中的“had made a deal”和“but”可知，已达成协议，但是还没确定，可猜测出下划线短语up in the air的意思应为：悬而未决，即未决定。 C (2) Last month, calls were made to raise the taxes for sugary drinks. This shows growing worry over the amount of sugar that kids are taking in through cola, juices and other beverages (饮料), a new study has found that one in five children did not drink any water on a given day and that those kids took in more calories (卡路里) from sweetened beverages than kids who did drink water. The study surveyed on 8, 400 children across the country between the ages of 2 and 19. Researchers found that around 20 percent of children are reported drinking no water throughout the day. And they took in almost twice as many calories than kids who did drink some water. Overall, the children drank 132 calories of colas and other sugary beverages per day. That number dropped to 112 calories if they drank any water. But kids who didn’t drink any water at all took in an average of 210 calories from sweetened drinks. This can cause a lot of problems. “Those calories don’t provide much nutrition (营养) and they can add up,” according to professor Asher, a scientist in public health. Sugary drinks have been linked to a number of diseases, such as childhood obesity, dental problems and high cholesterol. “I’ve seen 6-year-olds with high cholesterol and teenagers with Type 2 diabetes,” said Natalie,  a doctor for children. “These are diseases we used to see in their grandparents.” “Kids should take in water every single day, and the first beverage choice for kids should be water,” according to Natalie. “Because if they’re not drinking water, like sugar-sweetened beverages, that are less healthy and have more calories.” Adults should take up their responsibility to encourage kids to drink water so that they don’t take in something less healthful. And things need to be done to ensure childhood health. 5. What can we learn about children’s water drinking from the survey? A. Each of the children took in 210 calories per day. B. Most of the children drank enough water every day. C. Children who drank less water would take in more calories. D. The children who drank water took in twice as many calories. 6. How does the writer support his idea in paragraph 3? A. By showing opinions from experts. B. By listing numbers from a survey. C. By comparing interesting facts. D. By telling stories from grandparents. 7. What would probably happen to children who drink sweetened beverages instead of water? A. They would lose weight. B. They would have health problems. C. They would live a happy life. D. They would have more nutrition. 8. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To describe the harm of sweetened beverages. B. To compare water with sweetened beverages. C. To suggest some ways to help children live a healthier life. D. To introduce the importance of water drinking among children. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子们饮水的重要性。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 5 细节理解题 根据第二段中的“Overall, the children drank 132 calories of colas and other sugary beverages per day. That number dropped to 112 calories if they drank any water.”可知，喝水少的孩子会摄入更多的卡路里。 C 6 细节理解题 根据第三段中的“‘Those calories don’t provide much nutrition (营养) and they can add up,’ according to professor Asher, a scientist in public health.”以及“‘I’ve seen 6-year-olds with high cholesterol and teenagers with Type 2 diabetes,’ said Natalie, a doctor for children. ‘These are diseases we used to see in their grandparents.’”可知，第三段作者通过展示专家的意见来支持自己的观点。 A 7 细节理解题 根据第三段中的“‘Those calories don’t provide much nutrition (营养) and they can add up,’ according to professor Asher, a scientist in public health.”以及“‘I’ve seen 6-year-olds with high cholesterol and teenagers with Type 2 diabetes,’ said Natalie, a doctor for children. ‘These are diseases we used to see in their grandparents.’”可知，喝加糖饮料而不喝水的孩子可能会有健康问题。 B 8 主旨大意题 通读全文及文章最后一段中的“Adults should take up their responsibility to encourage kids to drink water so that they don’t take in something less healthful. And things need to be done to ensure childhood health.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们饮水的重要性，D项符合。 D (3) In 2080 the Earth is dying, and moving to Mars seems to be the only way out for mankind. A team of American astronauts begin to search on Mars. This is what the movie Red Planet begins with. Known as Red Planet Mars is popular with science fiction(小说) writers and filmmakers. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. We can see the surface of Mars from the Earth. It is half the size of our planet. The rocks, soil and sky have a red or pink hue(色调). The red color was observed by star-gazers throughout history. The ancient Romans named the planet “Mars” after their god of war because of its red color. The ancient Egyptians named it “Her Descher” meaning the red one. The surface of Mars is more like the Earth than any other planet. However because it is farther from the Sun than the Earth, temperatures on Mars are much lower. Most of the time the temperatures are far below freezing. The average temperature on Mars is -63℃ with a highest temperature of 20℃ and a lowest of -140℃. Plants and animals could not live now on Mars. However, many scientists believe that such life may have existed long ago. On 6th August, 1996, scientists discovered a piece of rock from Mars. It fell to the Earth 13,000 years ago, and evidence of simple fossil creatures has been found in it. However, some scientists still don’t accept that there was life on Mars. People may not be so sure about life on Mars until a sample(样本)of life is brought back 9. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The astronauts doing search on Mars. B. A movie about Mars. C. The history of Mars. D. The future of mankind living on Mars 10. Why did the ancient Romans name the planet after their god of war? A. Because Mars is a good name. B. Because its surface is like the Earth. C. Because the color of Mars is red. D. Because the ancient Romans liked their god of war 11. From the passage, what can we learn about Mars? A. Mars is smaller in size than the Earth. B. Mars is closer to the Sun than the Earth C. It is warmer on Mars than on the Earth. D. There is life on Mars. 12. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Mars. B. The Earth. C. A piece of rock D. Evidence of fossil creatures. 13. In which section of a magazine would you probably read this article? A. Culture. B. Sports. C. Science. D. Environment. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些有关火星的科学知识。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 9 主旨大意题 阅读文章第一段，可知本段首先描写了电影《红色星球》的开篇场景，然后又引出这部电影并作了进一步介绍，选项B“一部关于火星的电影。”符合题意。 B 10 细节理解题 根据“The ancient Romans named the planet “Mars” after their god of war because of its red color.”可知，古罗马人以战神的名字将这颗行星命名为“火星”，因为它是红色的。 C 11 细节理解题 根据“It is half the size of our planet.”可知，火星的大小大约是地球大小的一般，即：火星的体积比地球小。 A 12 词句猜测题 根据“On 6th August, 1996, scientists discovered a piece of rock from Mars. It fell to the Earth 13,000 years ago”可知，科学家们发现了一块来自火星的岩石。它在一万三千年前落到地球上……。根据逻辑关系可知it指代上文来自火星的岩石。 C 13 推理判断题 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些有关火星的科学知识，故本文最有可能来源于杂志的科学版块。 C (4) Do you know who was described as “superhuman” by the great inventor and astronomer Galileo? It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath. He was perhaps one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. He was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics. He was also recognized as one of the finest engineers of his time. He was born on the island of Sicily in the city of Syracuse around the year 287 BC and died in 212 BC. Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries. For example, he determined the exact value of pi. He invented and developed methods similar to calculus (微积分) and used them to find the area of a circle and an accurate estimation (估计值) of the value of pi. Today he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Archimedes used his mathematical skills and talents to create useful inventions. One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out from a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places. This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine. Can you imagine counting the sand in the universe? Archimedes once tried to calculate the number of sand grains in the universe. Obviously, it was impossible but it goes to show that he was too smart. His intellectual curiosity and achievements to mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well. Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was in deed a genius. 14. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A. A brief introduction to Archimedes. B. Archimedes’ discoveries in maths. C. The great inventions of Archimedes. D. Archimedes’ study on the universe. 15. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A. A leaking ship. B. Water from low places. C. The Archimedes’ Screw. D. The functioning flying machine. 16. Which of the following is NOT true according to the article? A. Archimedes was a man with many talents and died at the age of 75. B. Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes developed the functioning flying machine. C. The Archimedes’ Screw helped lift water from lower places to higher places. D. Archimedes’ achievements will continue to encourage generations of mathematicians. 17. What might be the best title for the article? A. Archimedes and Inventions B. Archimedes and Mathematics C. The Achievements of Archimedes D. The Life Experience of Archimedes 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿基米德在数学领域的一些发现。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 14 主旨大意题 根据“Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries.”以及下文可知，本段主要介绍的是阿基米德在数学领域的发现。 B 15 词句猜测题 根据“One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out from a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places.”可知，此处介绍的是阿基米德发明的一种螺旋，能将水从低处运到高处，因此it指代“The Archimedes’ Screw”。 C 16 细节理解题 根据“This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine.”可知，阿基米德螺旋的发明只是影响了达芬奇，发明功能性飞行器的是达芬奇。 B 17 最佳标题题 根据“Archimedes showed great love for mathematics…Today he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history…His intellectual curiosity and achievements to mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍的是阿基米德和数学的故事。 B (5) What’s your New Year’s plan? As the New Year comes, some people love the tradition of making resolutions (决心). Others argue it’s a waste of time since most plans will fail after a few months. So, how can you keep the New Year flag standing? Try these five tips. ●Make a detailed plan If your New Year’s plan is to exercise five days each week, a plan like “I’ll exercise on weekdays” would be too vague (模糊的). But a detailed plan like “I’ll exercise at school on weekdays during my lunch break” would be better. That is to say, be sure to detail when and where you’ll follow through. ●Make it fun If it’s not fun to exercise or study, you won’t keep at it easily. But if you get pleasure from your exercise or study, you’ll keep it longer. One way to make keeping a plan more fun is to connect it with pleasure. If you only allow yourself to watch your favorite TV show after finishing your homework, you’ll start doing it right away. ●Set a punishment (惩罚) Tell a few friends about your resolutions, so you’ll feel ashamed if they check back later and find out you haven’t followed through. A better punishment than shame, however, is putting cold hard cash on the table. You can make a bet with (与……打赌) your parents that you’ll keep to your New Year’s plan. ●Give yourself more chances You planned to go to bed early every night, but you couldn’t help staying up late one Friday. After that, your early-to-bed plan went out of the window because you would think “I’ve already failed”. But giving yourself a get-out-of-jail-free card or two each month can help you get better results. ●Get a little help from your friends If your New Year’s plan is to finish a book, you’d be wise to start hanging around with friends who’ve made it to the finish line and they can show you how to finish it better. 18. What does the underlined word “it” in the passage refer to? A. Exercise. B. Study. C. Fun. D. The plan. 19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. A plan like exercising four days every week is too vague. B. Tell some friends about our resolutions, so we’ll feel less ashamed if they check back later and find out we haven’t carried through. C. Giving ourselves more chances can help us get better results when we carry out our plans. D. Friends who’ve carried through their plans can show us how to finish our plans better. 20. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The importance of having New Year’s plans. B. Ways to make New Year’s plans interesting. C. Ways to follow through New Year’s plans. D. Ways to make New Year’s plans. 21. This passage is most probably from ________. A. a magazine B. a storybook C. a travel diary D. a travel guide 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何坚持自己的新年计划。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 18 词义猜测题 根据“One way to make keeping a plan more fun is to connect it with pleasure.”可知让制定计划更有趣的一种方法是将其与快乐联系起来，故此处it指代“计划”。 D 19 细节理解题 根据“Tell a few friends about your resolutions, so you’ll feel ashamed if they check back later and find out you haven’t followed through”可知把你的决心告诉几个朋友，这样，如果他们稍后回来发现你没有坚持到底，你会感到羞愧，排除B；根据“But giving yourself a get-out-of-jail-free card or two each month can help you get better results”可知每个月给自己一两张免罪卡可以帮助你取得更好的结果，排除C；根据“you’d be wise to start hanging around with friends who’ve made it to the finish line and they can show you how to finish it better.”可知已经完成计划的朋友可以向我们展示如何更好地完成计划，排除D。 A 20 主旨大意题 本文主要介绍了如何坚持自己的新年计划。 C 21 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了如何坚持自己的新年计划，故文章可能来自一本杂志。 A (6) Nowadays, drinking bubble tea (milk tea) has become part of our modern life, especially among young people. It’s very common to see a young person walking on the street, with a cup of bubble tea in his/her hand. Although bubble tea is delicious, drinking too much is bad for health. Risks of Drinking Too Much Bubble Tea 1 standard bubble tea ≈… ◆Too many calories or too much fat lead to obesity. ◆Too much sugar increases the risk of developing diabetes (糖尿病). ◆Too much caffeine results in anxiety and affects sleep quality. However, if you really like bubble tea, here are some suggestions to help you enjoy bubble tea in a healthy way. Choose bubble tea drinks with low sugar and low fat such as sugar-free or low-fat milk. Pay attention to the ingredients (原料) and additions (添加剂) of bubble tea. When you want to drink bubble tea, try to choose natural raw materials such as fresh milk, tea leaves, fruit etc. At the same time, avoid bubble tea with too many additives, such as bubbles tea with a lot of sugar and caffeine. Why not try DIY bubble tea at home? It is safer and healthier. Here is a simple bubble tea recipe. To keep healthy, try to have less sugar in it and only have one cup every few weeks. 22. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. The reasons for drinking bubble tea. B. The popularity of making bubble tea. C. The steps of making healthy bubble tea. D. The advice on drinking bubble tea healthily. 23. How many kinds of ingredients are mentioned in the recipe? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 24. What is true according to the writer? A. It is delicious and healthy to drink bubble tea. B. You can’t sleep well if you take in too much sugar. C. Bubble tea with fresh milk, tea leaves or fruit is a bit healthier. D. The fat in bubble tea is nearly as much as that in 4 bowls of rice. 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了如何制作健康的奶茶。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 22 段落大意题 根据“However, if you really like bubble tea, here are some suggestions to help you enjoy bubble tea in a healthy way.”可知，第二段主要介绍了健康喝奶茶的建议。 D 23 细节理解题 根据图片中的“black tea bags”、“water”、“tapioca pearls”、“milk”及“sugar”可知，食谱中提到了五种原料。 C 24 细节理解题 根据“When you want to drink bubble tea, try to choose natural raw materials such as fresh milk, tea leaves, fruit etc.”可知，用新鲜牛奶、茶叶或水果制作奶茶会更健康一些。 C (7) Most 97-year-olds would probably feel satisfied getting out of bed in the morning. John B Goodenough, 97, just won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. He is the oldest person to win the Nobel Prize. He won the award with Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for their contributions(贡献) to the development of lithium-ion batteries. They will receive equal shares of the 9 million Swedish kronor prize. “Live to 97 and you can do anything,” Goodenough said in a statement. “I’m honored and shocked to win the Nobel Prize. I thank all my friends for the support and assistance throughout my life.” Born in 1922 in Jena, Germany, Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952. He went on to work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then at the University Oxford, where he served as the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, and made the discovery that helped him win the Nobel. Then he went to the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where he now works. Whittingham developed the first functional(功能性的) lithium-ion battery in the early 1970s but Goodenough was able to double the battery’s power in 1980. Five years later, based on the discovery of Goodenough, Yoshino created the first commercial lithium-ion battery—the first one that entered the market in 1991. It changed our lives from then on. It has laid the foundation of a wireless society, and are of the greatest benefit to humankind. “I’m extremely happy the lithium-ion batteries have helped communications around the world.” Goodenough said in a conference call with reporters. “We are indeed happy that people use this for good but not evil.” Even at the age of 97, he continues to develop new battery concepts with researchers in his lab. He is now largely focused on developing a new kind of batteries as they can offer better safety. 25. What’s Goodenough’s contribution to the development of lithium-ion battery? A. He made the battery’s power double. B. He invented the wireless lithium-ion battery. C. He developed the first functional lithium-ion battery. D. He created the first commercial lithium-ion battery. 26. How old was Goodenough when he came from the University of Chicago? A. 30 B. 52 C. 58 D. 97 27. What does the underlined word “commercial” in paragraph 4 mean in the passage? A. Providing goods for free. B. Buying and selling goods. C. Making advertisement for goods. D. Selling goods in a successful way. 28. Which of the following is the right order? a. Goodenough won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. b. Goodenough was able to double the battery’s power. c. Goodenough went to the University of Texas at Austin. d. Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago. A. a c b d B. a c d b C. d b c a D. d c b a 29. What is the best title of the passage? A. Goodenough—the oldest man to win the Nobel Prize B. Goodenough—the greatest man to win the Nobel Prize C. Lithium-ion battery—the latest invention in the world D. Lithium-ion battery—the greatest invention in the world 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了John B Goodenough在锂电池领域做出的贡献。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 25 细节理解题 根据“Whittingham developed the first functional(功能性的) lithium-ion battery in the early 1970s but Goodenough was able to double the battery’s power in 1980.”可知，Goodenough对锂离子电池的发展中使电池的功率加倍。 A 26 细节理解题 根据“Born in 1922 in Jena, Germany, Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952”可知，Goodenough30岁时从芝加哥大学获得博士学位。 A 27 词句猜测题 根据“Five years later, based on the discovery of Goodenough, Yoshino created the first commercial lithium-ion battery—the first one that entered the market in 1991. It changed our lives from then on.”Yoshino发明了第一个商用锂离子电池——第一个进入市场的锂离子电池，可知划线部分commercial“商用的”与选项B“买卖商品”意思相近。 B 28 细节理解题 根据“Born in 1922 in Jena, Germany, Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952”“Whittingham developed the first functional(功能性的) lithium-ion battery in the early 1970s but Goodenough was able to double the battery’s power in 1980.”“Then he went to the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where he now works.”“John B Goodenough, 97, just won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.”可知，Goodenough1922年出生于德国，1952年在芝加哥大学获得博士学位；早在1980年，Whittingham研制出第一块功能齐全的锂离子电池，而Goodenough在1980年就将电池的功率提高了一倍；1986年，他去了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校，现在在那里工作；John B Goodenough97岁，刚刚获得了诺贝尔化学奖。 C 29 最佳标题 通读全文可知，本文主要讲了John B Goodenough在锂电池领域做出的贡献以及他是年纪最大获得诺贝尔奖的人，选项A“Goodenough——诺贝尔奖获得者中年纪最大的人”符合题意。 A (8) Have you tried eating insects? “Although they look a little strange, they are crunchy（脆的）. I eat them for their protein,” Yang Xingyu, who likes fried insects, told China Daily. A growing number of people are beginning to eat insects such as beetles, bees and grasshoppers. They can be fried, boiled with soup, or mixed with dessert. About 2 billion people have already added insects to their diets, according to a UN report. Insects are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. As professor Guo Jianjun at Guizhou University said, insects are known as “God’s last piece of cake for mankind”. “Most of the fat in insects is unsaturated fatty acid（不饱和脂肪酸）.” Guo said, “It’s good for the heart and brain. Insects are sometimes used in medicines as well. Researchers have been looking at how eating insects can make humans’ immune function better.” More importantly, insects are rich in number. They can play an important role in fighting the lack of food due to the growing population worldwide. According to the UN, the global population will rise to 8.5 billion by 2030, and about 10.4 billion by the 2080s. It is rising much faster than the availability of food, said Huang Dawei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Developing new food sources is needed right away. Eating insects helps with the environment, compared with traditional food sources. For example, pigs produce 10 to 100 times more greenhouse gases per kilogram than mealworms（面包虫）, reported China Daily. “We study insects which can be eaten to benefit our own health, animal health and environmental health,” said Huang. 30. Yang Xingyu eats insects because ________. A. she likes crunchy food B. it’s a popular diet C. she wants to be different D. they are rich in protein 31. What can we learn from the UN report? A. How many people are eating insects. B. How people start eating insects. C. Why people like eating insects. D. Which insect is best accepted. 32. Why are insects seen as “God’s last piece of cake for mankind”? A. Because they are good for health. B. Because some of them taste like cakes. C. Because there are few insects left on Earth. D. Because people have liked eating insects for a long time. 33. What are the benefits of eating insects? a. It is good for people’s hearts and brains. b. It reduces the harmful insects. c. It slows down population growth. d. It offers more food sources to society. A. ab B. ad C. bc D. cd 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了吃昆虫的好处。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 30 细节理解题 根据““Although they look a little strange, they are crunchy（脆 的）. I eat them for their protein,” Yang Xingyu, who likes fried insects, told China Daily.”可知，杨星宇吃昆虫是因为它们富含蛋白质。 D 31 细节理解题 根据“About 2 billion people have already added insects to their diets, according to a UN report.”可知，我们能从联合国的报告中了解到“有多少人正在吃昆虫”。 A 32 词句猜测题 根据“Insects are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals.”和“It’s good for the heart and brain. Insects are sometimes used in medicines as well. Researchers have been looking at how eating insects can make humans’ immune function better.”可知，昆虫被视为“上帝给人类的最后一块蛋糕”是因为它们对健康有好处。 A 33 推理判断题 根据“It’s good for the heart and brain.”和“More importantly, insects are rich in number. They can play an important role in fighting the lack of food due to the growing population worldwide. According to the UN, the global population will rise to 8.5 billion by 2030, and about 10.4 billion by the 2080s. It is rising much faster than the availability of food, said Huang Dawei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Developing new food sources is needed right away.”可推知，吃昆虫对我们的心脏和大脑有好处，还能为社会提供更多的食物来源。 B (9) The central library of the Lihu campus of the Shenzhen University (SZU) was officially put into use on Saturday. The library covers a construction area of 41,774 square meters, with the maximum collection capacity of 3 million volumes. It also built a smart vertical book stack (垂直书架), the first of its kind among libraries in Chinese mainland universities. The vertical book stack, equipped with a smart warehouse system, can provide students and teachers with great services, according to SZU. On Saturday, Mao Junfa, president of SZU, said during a ceremony that the library worked as the heart of a university. The library construction is highly important for its scientific research and talent cultivation (培养). From a bird’s eye view, the central library is like a giant letter K, symbolizing a key to knowledge. Moreover, the library is divided into two areas — a silent area for quiet study and a dynamic (动态的) area for activities such as group discussions and cultural salons. The library also adopts smart systems for daily management, and its furniture is made from green materials. SZU now has a total of four libraries on its two campuses in Nanshan District. As of last December, SZU libraries had more than 4.4 million printed books in its collection. The total library areas of SZU are now among the top 10 universities on the Chinese mainland, according to SZU. 34. What makes the central library of the Lihu campus of the Shenzhen University special among the libraries in Chinese mainland universities? A. It was officially put to use on a weekend. B. It covers a building area of 4174 square meters. C. It has a collection of 3 million volumes. D. Its smart vertical book stack can provide people with great services. 35. What does “its” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. the library’s B. the university’s C. the ceremony’s D. the heart’s 36. What do we know about SZU from the last paragraph? A. Lihu campus of the SZU has four libraries in total. B. SZU libraries now has at most 4.4 million books in its collection. C. SZU has become one of the best universities in China. D. The total library areas of SZU are larger than those of most universities on the Chinese mainland. 37. Where can we read this passage? A. In a newspaper. B. In a travel guide. C. In an encyclopedia. D. In a fashion magazine. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了深圳大学丽湖校区中央图书馆。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 34 细节理解题 根据“It also built a smart vertical book stack (垂直书架), the first of its kind among libraries in Chinese mainland universities”可知它的特别之处在于它有一个智能的垂直书架，能为人们提供优质服务。 D 35 词义猜测题 根据“said during a ceremony that the library worked as the heart of a university. The library construction is highly important for its scientific research and talent cultivation”可知图书馆是一所大学的中心，图书馆建设对其的科学研究和人才培养至关重要，由此可知its指代“大学的”。 B 36 细节理解题 根据“The total library areas of SZU are now among the top 10 universities on the Chinese mainland, according to SZU”可知深圳大学的图书馆总面积目前位居中国大陆前十名，可见它比大多数大学的都要大。 D 37 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了深圳大学丽湖校区中央图书馆，由此可知文章可能出现在报纸上。 A (10) How to be a HEALTHY COOK As more research warns the danger of overcooking, an expert tells us how we can make mealtimes healthier with the right kitchen Know-How. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has recently started an activity to help people understand the danger of being exposed to acrylamide (丙烯酰胺), a possible cancer-causing chemical, while cooking at home. According to some scientific research, overcooking can cause cancer, so we should try to keep a golden yellow colour or lighter when frying, baking or roasting foods such as potatoes, root vegetables, and bread. “The risks of overcooking food are two-fold,” explains the expert. “Many nutrients (营养物) like some vitamins are damaged by heat and therefore cooking can destroy some of the goodness in certain foods such as fruit and vegetables. What’s worse, certain foods are believed to cause cancer when cooked.” So, how can we cook up delicious meals without hurting health? SHOP SMARTER Although it is nearly impossible to completely avoid acrylamide, it’s worth knowing which products contain it. Acrylamide is a chemical that is produced when starchy (淀粉类) foods are heated to very high temperatures for longer periods and is found in a wide range of foods, including chips, cakes and bread. The expert explains, “There are no clear guidelines on the ‘safe’ level of acrylamide that a person can eat, so try to reduce eating it whenever possible instead of trying to completely get rid of it, which could be so hard.” The way we store our food can also increase acrylamide levels. The FSA advises keeping raw potatoes for frying in a dark, cool place at a temperature above 6°C instead of putting them in a fridge. SPEED IT UP, SAFELY Microwaving is a convenient choice. It uses a small amount of water and cooks food from the inside out, allowing for a shorter cooking time. The expert suggests that if you’re short on time, microwaving can be a convenient way to cook food without damaging its nutrients. 38. How does acrylamide influence people’s health? A. It has no known bad effects on people’s health. B. It may increase the risk of getting cancer in humans. C. It may cause serious health problems like heart attack. D. The effects of acrylamide on human health are unclear. 39. According to the expert, what bad effects does overcooking have? A. Some nutrients and the goodness in certain foods are lost. B. Overcooked foods usually taste terrible and smell bad. C. Overcooked foods are believed to make people fatter. D. It can destroy vitamins found in potatoes and meat. 40. What happens when starchy foods are heated to very high temperatures? A. They become much sweeter. B. They become too hard to eat. C. They have an orange colour. D. They produce acrylamide. 41. According to the passage, which is the best way to reduce acrylamide? A. Heat food to high temperature in a short time. B. Reduce taking foods heated for long periods. C. Avoid microwaving though it is convenient. D. Store food for frying in a fridge below 6°C. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲了如何成为一名健康的厨师。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 38 细节理解题 根据“The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has recently started an activity to help people understand the danger of being exposed to acrylamide (丙烯酰胺), a possible cancer-causing chemical, while cooking at home.”可知，丙烯酰胺是一种可能致癌的化学物质。 B 39 细节理解题 根据“Many nutrients (营养物) like some vitamins are damaged by heat and therefore cooking can destroy some of the goodness in certain foods such as fruit and vegetables.”可知，过度烹饪会导致某些营养成分和某些食物的优点会丢失。 A 40 细节理解题 根据“Acrylamide is a chemical that is produced when starchy (淀粉类) foods are heated to very high temperatures for longer periods and is found in a wide range of foods, including chips, cakes and bread.”可知，淀粉类食物长时间加热到极高温度时会产生丙烯酰胺 D 41 细节理解题 根据“Microwaving is a convenient choice. It uses a small amount of water and cooks food from the inside out, allowing for a shorter cooking time. The expert suggests that if you’re short on time, microwaving can be a convenient way to cook food without damaging its nutrients.”可知，减少丙烯酰胺的最佳方法是减少长时间加热食物。 B (11) Because of the COVID-19 outbreak, many people begin to look for fun online. Watching livestreaming(直播的) shows has become a part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream on Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some show their folk handcrafts(民间手工艺), while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of people are becoming interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer with the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. After the outbreak, the 59-year-old took up his smartphone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a formal stage, Li uses ordinary places as his stage, including his backyard and study room. Apart from singing, Li also teaches audience about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly. “Livestreaming has brought this elegant(高雅的) art down to earth.” one viewer said. “It gives young people an easier access to this traditional art and learn more about it.” Li has more than 6,000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a Huafu show on the third China Huafu Day(中国华服日). Performers presented clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up. As Guangming Daily noted, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive. 42. In the second paragraph, the writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________. A. request young people to learn Peking Opera B. give an example of traditional culture livestreaming C. ask young people to learn from Li Jun D. ask young people to enjoy Li Jun’s livestreaming 43. The underlined word “access” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. way B. sense C. victory D. event 44. Livestreaming is a new stage to ________ according to Guangming Daily. A. look for fun during the outbreak B. ask questions and get answers directly C. keep traditional culture alive D. sing and watch easily and freely 45. Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在疫情期间直播文化影响下的传统文化发展，因为疫情，更多年轻人开始在网络上关注传统文化，直播也为传统文化的传承提供了新的途径。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 42 推理判断题 据第一段“Many traditional artists are starting to livestream on Douyin and Bilibili.”可知，由于疫情的影响，许多传统艺术家开始在抖音和哔哩哔哩上直播，而李军是这些人中的一员。因此，作者提到李军是为了举例说明传统文化直播这件事。 B 43 词义猜测题 根据“Livestreaming has brought this elegant(高雅的) art down to earth.”和“…to this traditional art and learn more about it.”可知，直播成为了年轻人了解和学习传统文化的方式，“way”意为“方式；方法”。 A 44 细节理解题 根据“As Guangming Daily noted, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive.”可知，直播带来了传统文化得以活跃和传承的新阶段。 C 45 篇章结构题 根据本文首段“A growing number of people are becoming interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming.”可知，第一段总述越来越多年轻人因直播而开始对传统文化感兴趣；二三四段用艺术家李军直播和哔哩哔哩直播中国华服日进行举例说明直播对传统文化传播带来的帮助；第五段引用《光明日报》的内容“livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive”，得出直播给传统文化传承带来一个新阶段这一结论。 D (12) A glasses company in Barcelona, Spain is helping create a brighter future for people with eye problems. It’s called Biel Glasses. Biel is also an 8-year-old boy’s name. When Biel was two years old, his parents found that he had trouble walking down the stairs. The doctor said there was something wrong with Biel’s optic nerve (视神经) and that it caused his low vision (视力). Terribly, medical treatment or normal glasses couldn’t help improve his vision. So Biel’s parents, an engineer and a doctor, decided to start a company and do something for their son with their own skills. They started Biel Glasses in 2017 and developed a kind of smart glasses. The glasses are able to show the things in front of the users on the screen and warn them if there are obstacles (障碍物). At the same time, the glasses use the latest technology to show 3D images (图像) of pictures, texts and videos. The 3D images are covered over real-world images. Unlike people who are totally blind, people with low vision can see, so this technology allows them to be more independent. About one in 5,000 people has the same problem as Biel. Biel Glasses has changed the life of people who wear the special glasses. Alexander Levdanski is one of them. “With low vision, I couldn’t communicate with other people well in the past,” Alexander says. “Now once I put on the glasses, I can go to a party, I can talk to people, and I'm not afraid of doing anything.” Biel Glasses has some plans to develop this technology better. It will join hands with Google Maps to add voice activation (语音激活). For Biel and other people with low vision, they can look much brighter in the future. 46. Biel’s parents started Biel Glasses to _________ at first. A. share their skills with others B. make people walk fast C. create a more wonderful future D. help their son see better 47. According to the passage, Biel Glasses _________. A. was just set up by Biel in 2017 B. is provided with the latest technology C. can only show the obstacles on the screen D. helps the totally blind keep away from any danger 48. What’s the best title of this passage? A. Special glasses make people smart B. Great parents of Biel’s C. Biel Glasses helps people with low vision D. Brighter future for blind people 49. The passage can usually be read in the part of _________ in a newspaper. A. Science B. Culture C. Medicine D. Business 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了西班牙巴塞罗那一家公司生产的能帮助患有眼部疾病的人的贝尔眼镜。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 46 细节理解题 根据“Terribly, medical treatment or normal glasses couldn’t help improve his vision. So Biel’s parents, an engineer and a doctor, decided to start a company and do something for their son with their own skills.”可知，贝尔的父母开始生产贝尔眼镜是为了帮助贝尔矫正视力。 D 47 细节理解题 根据“At the same time, the glasses use the latest technology to show 3D images (图像) of pictures, texts and videos.”可知，这种眼镜采用了最新的技术 B 48 最佳标题 根据“For Biel and other people with low vision, they can look much brighter in the future.”可知，本文主要介绍了贝尔眼镜能帮助患有眼部疾病的人。因此选项C“贝尔眼镜帮助视力低下的人”符合标题。 C 49 推理判断题 根据“A glasses company in Barcelona, Spain is helping create a brighter future for people with eye problems. It’s called Biel Glasses.”可知，这篇文章通常可以在报纸的《科学》部分阅读。 A （13） It happens every night—bedtime. But what if you’re not sleepy? Should you still go to bed if you are just going to lie there with your eyes wide open? It’s a problem that has been around. There are many reasons why you may not be able to fall asleep. You might be happy with everything you did that day. You might be excited about what you know you’re going to do the next day. Maybe you can’t sleep because you don’t like sleeping all alone in your room. All of these reasons are normal. However, there are some steps you can take to help you fall asleep. One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you’re thinking about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a rest, or upset at school, it can really help to tell somebody. Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is perfect. If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uncomfortable at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, be sure to ask one of your parents to move it away. Making sure electronics are kept away from your bed is also recommended as these things can keep you awake, making it harder for you to fall asleep. If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep when you go to bed. Try to take more time to relax by taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before you want to go to sleep. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. As a result, your body will get the message that it’s almost time to sleep. Your body will know to start feeling tired. In order to find the right solution for you, it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. And it’s okay if you need to reach out a parent or other adult you trust to find out why you are having trouble sleeping. Getting a night’s sleep is worth the time and effort of finding the right solution to your sleeping problems. 50. Which is NOT the reason why people can’t fall asleep? A. They don’t like sleeping alone. B. They listen to a bedtime story. C. They are excited about what to do. D. They are pleased with what they did. 51. How can you solve the problem of being unable to fall asleep? A. Spending more time in relaxing before bedtime. B. Going to bed at a different time every night. C. Staring at a picture that looks strange in the dark. D. Not talking to anyone about something that is bothering you. 52. What’s the use of taking a warm bath? A. To keep warm. B. To be happy. C. To feel excited. D. To relax yourself. 53. What is this passage mainly about? A. Why people may be restless or anxious at bedtime. B. Why people can’t fall asleep and possible solutions. C. How people can relax before bedtime to help them fall asleep. D. Why using electronics at bedtime can make falling asleep more difficult. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们难以入睡的原因以及可能的解决方法。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 50 细节理解题 根据“You might be happy with everything you did that day. You might be excited about what you know you’re going to do the next day. Maybe you can’t sleep because you don’t like sleeping all alone in your room”可知你可能会对那天所做的一切感到高兴，你可能会对第二天要做的事情感到兴奋，也许你睡不着是因为你不喜欢一个人睡在房间里。 B 51 细节理解题 根据“doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep when you go to bed”可知睡前做一些放松的事情可以帮助你在睡觉时入睡。 A 52 细节理解题 根据“Try to take more time to relax by taking a warm bath”可知洗个热水澡可以让你放松。 D 53 主旨大意题 本文主要介绍了人们难以入睡的原因以及可能的解决方法。 B (14) Hakarl is a typical Icelandic (冰岛的) dish. Do you want to taste it, although the idea of eating shark meat isn’t for everyone? Possibly by holding your nose with your fingers, you may discover a special flavor. It is said that around 1600, in a fiord (峡湾) to the northwest of Iceland, a large shark was washed up on the shore. Instead of letting it rot, someone thought of tying it up in ropes and leaving it to dry. And when driven by hunger, they decided to eat it. They found it quite tasty. Just a legend? No. This is exactly the method used to prepare Hakarl. The making of Hakarl seems very simple. In fact, the process (过程)—which has been refined down through the centuries—is much more complex and lengthy. You must bear in mind that fresh shark meat is very hard and smelly. This is why the freshly caught shark is gutted (取出内脏), and buried in the sand. Then the shark meat is covered with large stones which act as a sort of press. In this way, more smelly liquid is absorbed by the earth during a period which ranges from four to six months. At this point, the shark meat may be cut into strips which are then hung up to dry for a further three or four months. When ready, Hakarl is served without its outer crust, and cut into small pieces. They are eaten just as they are, or served in a glass topped up with Brennivin. In this way, the smell becomes a bit gentler. You will probably think that eating Hakarl is more of a challenge than a pleasure. In fact, there are some who, after tasting it, and this includes me, fall in love with it soon. 54. What did people do after the shark was washed up on the shore according to Paragraph 2? A. They tied it up in ropes and left it to dry. B. They let it rot. C. They cut it into pieces. D. They threw it away. 55. The underlined word “refined” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. completed B. forgotten C. prepared D. improved 56. What is the correct order of making Hakarl? a. hang up the shark meat b. leave the sun and wind to dry it c. take the guts out of the shark d. cut the shark meat into strips e. cover the meat with large stones f. put the shark meat in the sand A. a-c-d-f-e-b B. e-d-c-a-f-b C. f-a-e-b-c-d D. c-f-e-d-a-b 57. When you eat Hakarl, it’s better to ________. A. eat its outer crust first B. eat together with Brennivin C. cover your nose with a napkin D. ask others for some advice 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了冰岛发酵鲨鱼肉“哈卡尔”的传说、制作过程和食用方法。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 54 细节理解题 根据“…a large shark was washed up on the shore. Instead of letting it rot, someone thought of tying it up in ropes and leaving it to dry.”可知，鲨鱼被冲到岸边时，人们会用绳子把它捆起来，让它晾干。 A 55 词义猜测题 根据“In fact, the process—which has been refined down through the centuries—is much more complex and lengthy.”可推知此处是讲“哈卡尔”的制作过程，几世纪以来制作过程应该是不断改善和发展，由此推断refined的意思为“改善”，和improved同义。 D 56 细节理解题 根据“You must bear in mind that fresh shark meat is very hard and smelly. This is why the freshly caught shark is gutted (取出内脏)…which are then hung up to dry for a further three or four months.”可知“哈卡尔”的制作过程，即鲨鱼取出内脏→埋在沙子里→上面覆盖大块石头→将鲨鱼肉切成条→挂起来→再风干三到四个月。 D 57 细节理解题 根据“They are eaten just as they are, or served in a glass topped up with Brennivin. In this way, the smell becomes a bit gentler.”可知，食用时可以在鲨鱼肉上浇黑死酒，气味会变得更温和一些。 B (15) With two in five plant species at risk（风险） of disappearance, the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species（野生生物种质资源库）, or GBOWS, in Yunnan Province is racing against time to protect the nation’s plant species. Founded in 2007, GBOWS is a research and preservation（保 存）bank for rare and endangered plants and animals. As the largest bank of wild species in Asia in terms of species, GBOWS has preserved 85,046 seeds from 10,601 species and 60, 262 biological samples（生物 样 本）of 2,203 animal species. The number of seeds at GBOWS is close to that of the world’s biggest seed bank — the Millennium Seed Bank in the United Kingdom. So how does the bank work? Scientists collect the endangered and useful wild species and send them to the seed bank. Once the seeds arrive at GBOWS, they’re dried and preserved in a special room. X-rays will make sure the seeds are undamaged and no insects are hidden inside after they are cleaned and separated（使……分离） from broken ones. The seeds are then frozen, preserved in glass bottles and placed in a huge room at -20 ℃ for long-term preservation. Each bottle has a barcode(条形码). By scanning it, scientists can view detailed information about the seeds inside. The bank works with many international organizations on collection, exchange and research. It has 2,176 sets of seeds from 45 countries and regions, with each set including thousands of seeds. “As China has rich and special plant and animal species, we plan to increase the number of our collections and make further research to protect endangered species,” says Li Pei, a worker at GBOWS. “If the world ends one day, these collections will bring hope of a new beginning to life on Earth.” 58. Which of the following is correct? A. GBOWS has 10,601 animal species in total. B. All of the seeds at GBOWS are found in China. C. Other Asian banks have fewer wild species than GBOWS. D. The number of seeds at GBOWS is the largest in the world. 59. Which is the right order according to Paragraph 3? ①The seeds are sent for X-rays. ②The dried seeds are put into a special room. ③The seeds are put into a room at -20℃. ④The broken seeds are taken out. A. ②→④→①→③ B. ②→①→④→③ C. ④→②→①→③ D. ④→①→③→② 60. According to Li Pei, the work at GBOWS is ________. A. creative B. boring C. meaningful D. dangerous 61. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The bank’s ways to preserve seeds. B. China’s hard work to protect plants. C. The achievements GBOWS has made. D. A bank that collects seeds and biological samples. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国西野生生物种质资源库。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 58 细节理解题 根据“As the largest bank of wild species in Asia in terms of species”（就物种而言，是亚洲最大的野生物种库）可知GBOWS是亚洲最大的野生物种库，所以其他亚洲物种库的野生物种数量少于中国西南野生生物种质资源库。 C 59 细节理解题 根据“Once the seeds arrive at GBOWS, they’re dried and preserved in a special room. X-rays will make sure the seeds are undamaged and no insects are hidden inside after they are cleaned and separated（使……分离） from broken ones. The seeds are then frozen, preserved in glass bottles and placed in a huge room at -20 ℃ for long-term preservation.”（一旦种子到达GBOWS，它们就会被干燥并保存在一个特殊的房间里。X射线将确保种子在被清洗并与破碎的种子分离后完好无损，没有昆虫藏在里面。然后将种子冷冻保存在玻璃瓶中，并放置在-20℃的大房间中进行长期保存。）可知，先是把干燥的种子放在一个特殊的房间里，然后把坏的种子挑出来后，再把它们送去照射X光线，最后把它们放置在-20℃的巨大房间中进行长期保存，故正确顺序是②→④→①→③。 A 60 推理判断题 根据“If the world ends one day, these collections will bring hope of a new beginning to life on Earth”可知如果有一天世界末日，这些收藏品将为地球上的生活带来新的开始，所以中国西南野生生物种质资源库的工作是很有意义的。 C 61 主旨大意题 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了收集种子和生物样本的中国西南野生生物种质资源库。 D （16） Hi, I’m Robert. I’m a writer and editor. I hope I can help you with your problems. Problem Dear Robert, I really like the Russian singer Teo. I wanted to go to his concert. My parents promised me that if I did well in my exams, they would take me to Teo’s concert. But after I did so, they didn’t keep their promise. What should I do? Ken Suggestion Dear Ken, I’m sorry to hear that. We will get frustrated when other people break a promise, especially the people we love. I can feel you must be feeling sad right now. However you should think about some possibilities. It’s possible that your parents were busy with work and other things, so they forgot about their promise. It’s also possible that they didn’t have enough money for the concert ticket, so they just pretended to forget about the promise. In any case, I think you should find out what happened. It’s okay that you politely ask about their promise. Robert 62. What’s Ken’s problem? A. He didn’t pass his exam. B. He fought with his parents. C. He didn’t want to go to the concert. D. His parents broke a promise to him. 63. The underlined word “frustrated” in the passage is close to the meaning of “________ ”. A. surprised B. satisfied C. sad D. happy 64. What will Ken probably do at last? A. He will say thanks to his parents. B. He will work harder to make more money. C. He will go to the concert with his friends. D. He will talk with his parents and find out the reason. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述罗伯特是一名编辑，也是一名作家，希望能帮助别人解决问题。肯向他求助关于父母守信的问题，罗伯特给出自己的建议的故事。 序号 题型 答题依据 答案 62 细节理解题 根据“But after I did so, they didn’t keep their promise.”可知，肯的问题是他的父母违背了对他的诺言。 D 63 词义猜测题 根据“We will get frustrated when other people break a promise, especially the people we love.”可知当别人违背承诺时，我们会感到沮丧，尤其是我们爱的人，故frustrated意为“难过的”。 C 64 推理判断题 根据“In any case, I think you should find out what happened. It’s okay that you politely ask about their promise.”可知，他可能会和父母谈谈，找出原因。 D 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题11说明文阅读理解（名校真题精选）（共16篇） 一、说明文（Exposition）： 定义 旨在阐释明理，对事物的性质、特征、功能、用途等进行客观的介绍和解释，或者对事理进行阐述和说明。 特点 强调客观性和准确性，不带有作者的主观情感和观点倾向（但有些说明文可能会在客观介绍的基础上，引导读者形成某种观点或态度）。例如，介绍一种科技产品的使用方法、解释某个自然现象的成因、描述一个地方的风土人情等。 二、英语阅读理解的技巧和方法： Step1:先看题，题目中找关键词：数字，地名，人名，重要词汇 Step2:文章中进行定位，即关键词所在处划线，标题号 Step3:同义词替换，有的题目无需替换，有明显答案；有的需要近义词替换，或通过解释类来替换 Step4:选出最佳选项，仔细选择，注意混淆项的干扰。 三、英语阅读理解常考的题型及相应的答题指导： 题型 题型特点 答题指导 备注 (一)细节理解题 按顺序出题；每段 一题左右 1. 仔细阅读题目，确定关键词。 2. 带着关键词回到原文，定位相关信息。 3. 对比原文和选项，选出最符合原文细节的选项。 What do we know.../when/why..文章里一定有比较直白的答案点 (二)主旨大意题 要求概括文章的中心思想或主要内容。 1. 快速浏览全文，特别注意文章的首段、尾段以及每段的首句和尾句。 2. 综合这些关键部分的内容，总结出文章的主旨。 3. 对照选项，选择最能准确概括主旨的选项。 the best title看首段收尾句 Main idea看尾段收尾句 Suggestion/where it from看每段收尾句 (三)推理判断题 需要根据文章内容进行推理和判断。 1. 基于文章提供的事实和线索进行合理推断。 2. 注意不要过度推理，要以原文为依据。 3. 仔细分析选项，选择符合推理逻辑且有原文依据支持的选项。 英文不够强大，可用中文脑补，符合文章大逻辑 (四)词义猜测题 猜测文中生词或短语的含义。 1. 结合生词或短语所在的句子及上下文语境进行猜测。 2. 利用构词法知识辅助猜测。 3. 排除明显不符合语境的选项，选择最合理的释义。 上下文中找相关表达，注意词性保持一致，可用排除法（熟悉未必对，要结合语境意思） (五)观点态度题 判断作者对某一事物的态度。 1. 留意文中表达情感、观点的词汇和语句。 2. 分析作者的用词和语气。 3. 从选项中选择与分析结果相符的态度。 (六)文章结构题 总分总；总分；分总 四、真题训练 (1) It was only a matter of time before face masks became high-tech. Japanese company Donut Robotics has developed a face mask with “smart” abilities, including the ability to translate what the wearer is saying into eight different languages. The C-FACE Smart Mask still protects from the spread of COVID-19, but can also translate the wearer’s speech from Japanese into Vietnamese, English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Indonesian, and French. It works by connecting to a smartphone app through Bluetooth to translate the words into text messages and can also write down speech and make calls. Taisuke Ono, chief executive of Donut Robotics, said, “We worked hard for years to develop a robot and we have used that technology to create a product that responds to how the corona-virus has changed society.” The white plastic face mask was developed as the company searched for a product to help them survive the virus. When the virus struck, Donut Robotics had made a deal to supply robot guides and translators to Tokyo’s Haneda Airport, but this deal remains up in the air. It is said that each mask will cost about $40. The first 5,000 masks will be sold to Japanese buyers in September before expanding to China, the US, and Europe, too. 1. What can we learn about the smart mask? A. It was developed by a Chinese company. B. It has become a symbol of fashion in Japan. C. It has changed the way of daily communication. D. It was designed for both medical use and translation. 2. If a Japanese visits ________ the smart mask may not be helpful. A. China B. the US C. Thailand D. Germany 3. You can use the smart mask to ________. A. make a speech B. give somebody a call C. make a video call D. send text messages in any language 4. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “up in the air”? A. 在空中 B. 不清楚 C. 未决定 D. 已曝光 (2) Last month, calls were made to raise the taxes for sugary drinks. This shows growing worry over the amount of sugar that kids are taking in through cola, juices and other beverages (饮料), a new study has found that one in five children did not drink any water on a given day and that those kids took in more calories (卡路里) from sweetened beverages than kids who did drink water. The study surveyed on 8, 400 children across the country between the ages of 2 and 19. Researchers found that around 20 percent of children are reported drinking no water throughout the day. And they took in almost twice as many calories than kids who did drink some water. Overall, the children drank 132 calories of colas and other sugary beverages per day. That number dropped to 112 calories if they drank any water. But kids who didn’t drink any water at all took in an average of 210 calories from sweetened drinks. This can cause a lot of problems. “Those calories don’t provide much nutrition (营养) and they can add up,” according to professor Asher, a scientist in public health. Sugary drinks have been linked to a number of diseases, such as childhood obesity, dental problems and high cholesterol. “I’ve seen 6-year-olds with high cholesterol and teenagers with Type 2 diabetes,” said Natalie,  a doctor for children. “These are diseases we used to see in their grandparents.” “Kids should take in water every single day, and the first beverage choice for kids should be water,” according to Natalie. “Because if they’re not drinking water, like sugar-sweetened beverages, that are less healthy and have more calories.” Adults should take up their responsibility to encourage kids to drink water so that they don’t take in something less healthful. And things need to be done to ensure childhood health. 5. What can we learn about children’s water drinking from the survey? A. Each of the children took in 210 calories per day. B. Most of the children drank enough water every day. C. Children who drank less water would take in more calories. D. The children who drank water took in twice as many calories. 6. How does the writer support his idea in paragraph 3? A. By showing opinions from experts. B. By listing numbers from a survey. C. By comparing interesting facts. D. By telling stories from grandparents. 7. What would probably happen to children who drink sweetened beverages instead of water? A. They would lose weight. B. They would have health problems. C. They would live a happy life. D. They would have more nutrition. 8. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To describe the harm of sweetened beverages. B. To compare water with sweetened beverages. C. To suggest some ways to help children live a healthier life. D. To introduce the importance of water drinking among children. (3) In 2080 the Earth is dying, and moving to Mars seems to be the only way out for mankind. A team of American astronauts begin to search on Mars. This is what the movie Red Planet begins with. Known as Red Planet Mars is popular with science fiction(小说) writers and filmmakers. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. We can see the surface of Mars from the Earth. It is half the size of our planet. The rocks, soil and sky have a red or pink hue(色调). The red color was observed by star-gazers throughout history. The ancient Romans named the planet “Mars” after their god of war because of its red color. The ancient Egyptians named it “Her Descher” meaning the red one. The surface of Mars is more like the Earth than any other planet. However because it is farther from the Sun than the Earth, temperatures on Mars are much lower. Most of the time the temperatures are far below freezing. The average temperature on Mars is -63℃ with a highest temperature of 20℃ and a lowest of -140℃. Plants and animals could not live now on Mars. However, many scientists believe that such life may have existed long ago. On 6th August, 1996, scientists discovered a piece of rock from Mars. It fell to the Earth 13,000 years ago, and evidence of simple fossil creatures has been found in it. However, some scientists still don’t accept that there was life on Mars. People may not be so sure about life on Mars until a sample(样本)of life is brought back 9. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The astronauts doing search on Mars. B. A movie about Mars. C. The history of Mars. D. The future of mankind living on Mars 10. Why did the ancient Romans name the planet after their god of war? A. Because Mars is a good name. B. Because its surface is like the Earth. C. Because the color of Mars is red. D. Because the ancient Romans liked their god of war 11. From the passage, what can we learn about Mars? A. Mars is smaller in size than the Earth. B. Mars is closer to the Sun than the Earth C. It is warmer on Mars than on the Earth. D. There is life on Mars. 12. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Mars. B. The Earth. C. A piece of rock D. Evidence of fossil creatures. 13. In which section of a magazine would you probably read this article? A. Culture. B. Sports. C. Science. D. Environment. (4) Do you know who was described as “superhuman” by the great inventor and astronomer Galileo? It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath. He was perhaps one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. He was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics. He was also recognized as one of the finest engineers of his time. He was born on the island of Sicily in the city of Syracuse around the year 287 BC and died in 212 BC. Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries. For example, he determined the exact value of pi. He invented and developed methods similar to calculus (微积分) and used them to find the area of a circle and an accurate estimation (估计值) of the value of pi. Today he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Archimedes used his mathematical skills and talents to create useful inventions. One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out from a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places. This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine. Can you imagine counting the sand in the universe? Archimedes once tried to calculate the number of sand grains in the universe. Obviously, it was impossible but it goes to show that he was too smart. His intellectual curiosity and achievements to mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well. Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was in deed a genius. 14. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A. A brief introduction to Archimedes. B. Archimedes’ discoveries in maths. C. The great inventions of Archimedes. D. Archimedes’ study on the universe. 15. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A. A leaking ship. B. Water from low places. C. The Archimedes’ Screw. D. The functioning flying machine. 16. Which of the following is NOT true according to the article? A. Archimedes was a man with many talents and died at the age of 75. B. Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes developed the functioning flying machine. C. The Archimedes’ Screw helped lift water from lower places to higher places. D. Archimedes’ achievements will continue to encourage generations of mathematicians. 17. What might be the best title for the article? A. Archimedes and Inventions B. Archimedes and Mathematics C. The Achievements of Archimedes D. The Life Experience of Archimedes (5) What’s your New Year’s plan? As the New Year comes, some people love the tradition of making resolutions (决心). Others argue it’s a waste of time since most plans will fail after a few months. So, how can you keep the New Year flag standing? Try these five tips. ●Make a detailed plan If your New Year’s plan is to exercise five days each week, a plan like “I’ll exercise on weekdays” would be too vague (模糊的). But a detailed plan like “I’ll exercise at school on weekdays during my lunch break” would be better. That is to say, be sure to detail when and where you’ll follow through. ●Make it fun If it’s not fun to exercise or study, you won’t keep at it easily. But if you get pleasure from your exercise or study, you’ll keep it longer. One way to make keeping a plan more fun is to connect it with pleasure. If you only allow yourself to watch your favorite TV show after finishing your homework, you’ll start doing it right away. ●Set a punishment (惩罚) Tell a few friends about your resolutions, so you’ll feel ashamed if they check back later and find out you haven’t followed through. A better punishment than shame, however, is putting cold hard cash on the table. You can make a bet with (与……打赌) your parents that you’ll keep to your New Year’s plan. ●Give yourself more chances You planned to go to bed early every night, but you couldn’t help staying up late one Friday. After that, your early-to-bed plan went out of the window because you would think “I’ve already failed”. But giving yourself a get-out-of-jail-free card or two each month can help you get better results. ●Get a little help from your friends If your New Year’s plan is to finish a book, you’d be wise to start hanging around with friends who’ve made it to the finish line and they can show you how to finish it better. 18. What does the underlined word “it” in the passage refer to? A. Exercise. B. Study. C. Fun. D. The plan. 19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. A plan like exercising four days every week is too vague. B. Tell some friends about our resolutions, so we’ll feel less ashamed if they check back later and find out we haven’t carried through. C. Giving ourselves more chances can help us get better results when we carry out our plans. D. Friends who’ve carried through their plans can show us how to finish our plans better. 20. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The importance of having New Year’s plans. B. Ways to make New Year’s plans interesting. C. Ways to follow through New Year’s plans. D. Ways to make New Year’s plans. 21. This passage is most probably from ________. A. a magazine B. a storybook C. a travel diary D. a travel guide (6) Nowadays, drinking bubble tea (milk tea) has become part of our modern life, especially among young people. It’s very common to see a young person walking on the street, with a cup of bubble tea in his/her hand. Although bubble tea is delicious, drinking too much is bad for health. Risks of Drinking Too Much Bubble Tea 1 standard bubble tea ≈… ◆Too many calories or too much fat lead to obesity. ◆Too much sugar increases the risk of developing diabetes (糖尿病). ◆Too much caffeine results in anxiety and affects sleep quality. However, if you really like bubble tea, here are some suggestions to help you enjoy bubble tea in a healthy way. Choose bubble tea drinks with low sugar and low fat such as sugar-free or low-fat milk. Pay attention to the ingredients (原料) and additions (添加剂) of bubble tea. When you want to drink bubble tea, try to choose natural raw materials such as fresh milk, tea leaves, fruit etc. At the same time, avoid bubble tea with too many additives, such as bubbles tea with a lot of sugar and caffeine. Why not try DIY bubble tea at home? It is safer and healthier. Here is a simple bubble tea recipe. To keep healthy, try to have less sugar in it and only have one cup every few weeks. 22. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. The reasons for drinking bubble tea. B. The popularity of making bubble tea. C. The steps of making healthy bubble tea. D. The advice on drinking bubble tea healthily. 23. How many kinds of ingredients are mentioned in the recipe? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 24. What is true according to the writer? A. It is delicious and healthy to drink bubble tea. B. You can’t sleep well if you take in too much sugar. C. Bubble tea with fresh milk, tea leaves or fruit is a bit healthier. D. The fat in bubble tea is nearly as much as that in 4 bowls of rice. (7) Most 97-year-olds would probably feel satisfied getting out of bed in the morning. John B Goodenough, 97, just won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. He is the oldest person to win the Nobel Prize. He won the award with Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for their contributions(贡献) to the development of lithium-ion batteries. They will receive equal shares of the 9 million Swedish kronor prize. “Live to 97 and you can do anything,” Goodenough said in a statement. “I’m honored and shocked to win the Nobel Prize. I thank all my friends for the support and assistance throughout my life.” Born in 1922 in Jena, Germany, Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952. He went on to work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then at the University Oxford, where he served as the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, and made the discovery that helped him win the Nobel. Then he went to the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where he now works. Whittingham developed the first functional(功能性的) lithium-ion battery in the early 1970s but Goodenough was able to double the battery’s power in 1980. Five years later, based on the discovery of Goodenough, Yoshino created the first commercial lithium-ion battery—the first one that entered the market in 1991. It changed our lives from then on. It has laid the foundation of a wireless society, and are of the greatest benefit to humankind. “I’m extremely happy the lithium-ion batteries have helped communications around the world.” Goodenough said in a conference call with reporters. “We are indeed happy that people use this for good but not evil.” Even at the age of 97, he continues to develop new battery concepts with researchers in his lab. He is now largely focused on developing a new kind of batteries as they can offer better safety. 25. What’s Goodenough’s contribution to the development of lithium-ion battery? A. He made the battery’s power double. B. He invented the wireless lithium-ion battery. C. He developed the first functional lithium-ion battery. D. He created the first commercial lithium-ion battery. 26. How old was Goodenough when he came from the University of Chicago? A. 30 B. 52 C. 58 D. 97 27. What does the underlined word “commercial” in paragraph 4 mean in the passage? A. Providing goods for free. B. Buying and selling goods. C. Making advertisement for goods. D. Selling goods in a successful way. 28. Which of the following is the right order? a. Goodenough won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. b. Goodenough was able to double the battery’s power. c. Goodenough went to the University of Texas at Austin. d. Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago. A. a c b d B. a c d b C. d b c a D. d c b a 29. What is the best title of the passage? A. Goodenough—the oldest man to win the Nobel Prize B. Goodenough—the greatest man to win the Nobel Prize C. Lithium-ion battery—the latest invention in the world D. Lithium-ion battery—the greatest invention in the world (8) Have you tried eating insects? “Although they look a little strange, they are crunchy（脆的）. I eat them for their protein,” Yang Xingyu, who likes fried insects, told China Daily. A growing number of people are beginning to eat insects such as beetles, bees and grasshoppers. They can be fried, boiled with soup, or mixed with dessert. About 2 billion people have already added insects to their diets, according to a UN report. Insects are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. As professor Guo Jianjun at Guizhou University said, insects are known as “God’s last piece of cake for mankind”. “Most of the fat in insects is unsaturated fatty acid（不饱和脂肪酸）.” Guo said, “It’s good for the heart and brain. Insects are sometimes used in medicines as well. Researchers have been looking at how eating insects can make humans’ immune function better.” More importantly, insects are rich in number. They can play an important role in fighting the lack of food due to the growing population worldwide. According to the UN, the global population will rise to 8.5 billion by 2030, and about 10.4 billion by the 2080s. It is rising much faster than the availability of food, said Huang Dawei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Developing new food sources is needed right away. Eating insects helps with the environment, compared with traditional food sources. For example, pigs produce 10 to 100 times more greenhouse gases per kilogram than mealworms（面包虫）, reported China Daily. “We study insects which can be eaten to benefit our own health, animal health and environmental health,” said Huang. 30. Yang Xingyu eats insects because ________. A. she likes crunchy food B. it’s a popular diet C. she wants to be different D. they are rich in protein 31. What can we learn from the UN report? A. How many people are eating insects. B. How people start eating insects. C. Why people like eating insects. D. Which insect is best accepted. 32. Why are insects seen as “God’s last piece of cake for mankind”? A. Because they are good for health. B. Because some of them taste like cakes. C. Because there are few insects left on Earth. D. Because people have liked eating insects for a long time. 33. What are the benefits of eating insects? a. It is good for people’s hearts and brains. b. It reduces the harmful insects. c. It slows down population growth. d. It offers more food sources to society. A. ab B. ad C. bc D. cd (9) The central library of the Lihu campus of the Shenzhen University (SZU) was officially put into use on Saturday. The library covers a construction area of 41,774 square meters, with the maximum collection capacity of 3 million volumes. It also built a smart vertical book stack (垂直书架), the first of its kind among libraries in Chinese mainland universities. The vertical book stack, equipped with a smart warehouse system, can provide students and teachers with great services, according to SZU. On Saturday, Mao Junfa, president of SZU, said during a ceremony that the library worked as the heart of a university. The library construction is highly important for its scientific research and talent cultivation (培养). From a bird’s eye view, the central library is like a giant letter K, symbolizing a key to knowledge. Moreover, the library is divided into two areas — a silent area for quiet study and a dynamic (动态的) area for activities such as group discussions and cultural salons. The library also adopts smart systems for daily management, and its furniture is made from green materials. SZU now has a total of four libraries on its two campuses in Nanshan District. As of last December, SZU libraries had more than 4.4 million printed books in its collection. The total library areas of SZU are now among the top 10 universities on the Chinese mainland, according to SZU. 34. What makes the central library of the Lihu campus of the Shenzhen University special among the libraries in Chinese mainland universities? A. It was officially put to use on a weekend. B. It covers a building area of 4174 square meters. C. It has a collection of 3 million volumes. D. Its smart vertical book stack can provide people with great services. 35. What does “its” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. the library’s B. the university’s C. the ceremony’s D. the heart’s 36. What do we know about SZU from the last paragraph? A. Lihu campus of the SZU has four libraries in total. B. SZU libraries now has at most 4.4 million books in its collection. C. SZU has become one of the best universities in China. D. The total library areas of SZU are larger than those of most universities on the Chinese mainland. 37. Where can we read this passage? A. In a newspaper. B. In a travel guide. C. In an encyclopedia. D. In a fashion magazine. (10) How to be a HEALTHY COOK As more research warns the danger of overcooking, an expert tells us how we can make mealtimes healthier with the right kitchen Know-How. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has recently started an activity to help people understand the danger of being exposed to acrylamide (丙烯酰胺), a possible cancer-causing chemical, while cooking at home. According to some scientific research, overcooking can cause cancer, so we should try to keep a golden yellow colour or lighter when frying, baking or roasting foods such as potatoes, root vegetables, and bread. “The risks of overcooking food are two-fold,” explains the expert. “Many nutrients (营养物) like some vitamins are damaged by heat and therefore cooking can destroy some of the goodness in certain foods such as fruit and vegetables. What’s worse, certain foods are believed to cause cancer when cooked.” So, how can we cook up delicious meals without hurting health? SHOP SMARTER Although it is nearly impossible to completely avoid acrylamide, it’s worth knowing which products contain it. Acrylamide is a chemical that is produced when starchy (淀粉类) foods are heated to very high temperatures for longer periods and is found in a wide range of foods, including chips, cakes and bread. The expert explains, “There are no clear guidelines on the ‘safe’ level of acrylamide that a person can eat, so try to reduce eating it whenever possible instead of trying to completely get rid of it, which could be so hard.” The way we store our food can also increase acrylamide levels. The FSA advises keeping raw potatoes for frying in a dark, cool place at a temperature above 6°C instead of putting them in a fridge. SPEED IT UP, SAFELY Microwaving is a convenient choice. It uses a small amount of water and cooks food from the inside out, allowing for a shorter cooking time. The expert suggests that if you’re short on time, microwaving can be a convenient way to cook food without damaging its nutrients. 38. How does acrylamide influence people’s health? A. It has no known bad effects on people’s health. B. It may increase the risk of getting cancer in humans. C. It may cause serious health problems like heart attack. D. The effects of acrylamide on human health are unclear. 39. According to the expert, what bad effects does overcooking have? A. Some nutrients and the goodness in certain foods are lost. B. Overcooked foods usually taste terrible and smell bad. C. Overcooked foods are believed to make people fatter. D. It can destroy vitamins found in potatoes and meat. 40. What happens when starchy foods are heated to very high temperatures? A. They become much sweeter. B. They become too hard to eat. C. They have an orange colour. D. They produce acrylamide. 41. According to the passage, which is the best way to reduce acrylamide? A. Heat food to high temperature in a short time. B. Reduce taking foods heated for long periods. C. Avoid microwaving though it is convenient. D. Store food for frying in a fridge below 6°C. (11) Because of the COVID-19 outbreak, many people begin to look for fun online. Watching livestreaming(直播的) shows has become a part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream on Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some show their folk handcrafts(民间手工艺), while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of people are becoming interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer with the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. After the outbreak, the 59-year-old took up his smartphone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a formal stage, Li uses ordinary places as his stage, including his backyard and study room. Apart from singing, Li also teaches audience about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly. “Livestreaming has brought this elegant(高雅的) art down to earth.” one viewer said. “It gives young people an easier access to this traditional art and learn more about it.” Li has more than 6,000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a Huafu show on the third China Huafu Day(中国华服日). Performers presented clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up. As Guangming Daily noted, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive. 42. In the second paragraph, the writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________. A. request young people to learn Peking Opera B. give an example of traditional culture livestreaming C. ask young people to learn from Li Jun D. ask young people to enjoy Li Jun’s livestreaming 43. The underlined word “access” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. way B. sense C. victory D. event 44. Livestreaming is a new stage to ________ according to Guangming Daily. A. look for fun during the outbreak B. ask questions and get answers directly C. keep traditional culture alive D. sing and watch easily and freely 45. Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage? A. B. C. D. (12) A glasses company in Barcelona, Spain is helping create a brighter future for people with eye problems. It’s called Biel Glasses. Biel is also an 8-year-old boy’s name. When Biel was two years old, his parents found that he had trouble walking down the stairs. The doctor said there was something wrong with Biel’s optic nerve (视神经) and that it caused his low vision (视力). Terribly, medical treatment or normal glasses couldn’t help improve his vision. So Biel’s parents, an engineer and a doctor, decided to start a company and do something for their son with their own skills. They started Biel Glasses in 2017 and developed a kind of smart glasses. The glasses are able to show the things in front of the users on the screen and warn them if there are obstacles (障碍物). At the same time, the glasses use the latest technology to show 3D images (图像) of pictures, texts and videos. The 3D images are covered over real-world images. Unlike people who are totally blind, people with low vision can see, so this technology allows them to be more independent. About one in 5,000 people has the same problem as Biel. Biel Glasses has changed the life of people who wear the special glasses. Alexander Levdanski is one of them. “With low vision, I couldn’t communicate with other people well in the past,” Alexander says. “Now once I put on the glasses, I can go to a party, I can talk to people, and I'm not afraid of doing anything.” Biel Glasses has some plans to develop this technology better. It will join hands with Google Maps to add voice activation (语音激活). For Biel and other people with low vision, they can look much brighter in the future. 46. Biel’s parents started Biel Glasses to _________ at first. A. share their skills with others B. make people walk fast C. create a more wonderful future D. help their son see better 47. According to the passage, Biel Glasses _________. A. was just set up by Biel in 2017 B. is provided with the latest technology C. can only show the obstacles on the screen D. helps the totally blind keep away from any danger 48. What’s the best title of this passage? A. Special glasses make people smart B. Great parents of Biel’s C. Biel Glasses helps people with low vision D. Brighter future for blind people 49. The passage can usually be read in the part of _________ in a newspaper. A. Science B. Culture C. Medicine D. Business （13） It happens every night—bedtime. But what if you’re not sleepy? Should you still go to bed if you are just going to lie there with your eyes wide open? It’s a problem that has been around. There are many reasons why you may not be able to fall asleep. You might be happy with everything you did that day. You might be excited about what you know you’re going to do the next day. Maybe you can’t sleep because you don’t like sleeping all alone in your room. All of these reasons are normal. However, there are some steps you can take to help you fall asleep. One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you’re thinking about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a rest, or upset at school, it can really help to tell somebody. Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is perfect. If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uncomfortable at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, be sure to ask one of your parents to move it away. Making sure electronics are kept away from your bed is also recommended as these things can keep you awake, making it harder for you to fall asleep. If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep when you go to bed. Try to take more time to relax by taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before you want to go to sleep. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. As a result, your body will get the message that it’s almost time to sleep. Your body will know to start feeling tired. In order to find the right solution for you, it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. And it’s okay if you need to reach out a parent or other adult you trust to find out why you are having trouble sleeping. Getting a night’s sleep is worth the time and effort of finding the right solution to your sleeping problems. 50. Which is NOT the reason why people can’t fall asleep? A. They don’t like sleeping alone. B. They listen to a bedtime story. C. They are excited about what to do. D. They are pleased with what they did. 51. How can you solve the problem of being unable to fall asleep? A. Spending more time in relaxing before bedtime. B. Going to bed at a different time every night. C. Staring at a picture that looks strange in the dark. D. Not talking to anyone about something that is bothering you. 52. What’s the use of taking a warm bath? A. To keep warm. B. To be happy. C. To feel excited. D. To relax yourself. 53. What is this passage mainly about? A. Why people may be restless or anxious at bedtime. B. Why people can’t fall asleep and possible solutions. C. How people can relax before bedtime to help them fall asleep. D. Why using electronics at bedtime can make falling asleep more difficult. (14) Hakarl is a typical Icelandic (冰岛的) dish. Do you want to taste it, although the idea of eating shark meat isn’t for everyone? Possibly by holding your nose with your fingers, you may discover a special flavor. It is said that around 1600, in a fiord (峡湾) to the northwest of Iceland, a large shark was washed up on the shore. Instead of letting it rot, someone thought of tying it up in ropes and leaving it to dry. And when driven by hunger, they decided to eat it. They found it quite tasty. Just a legend? No. This is exactly the method used to prepare Hakarl. The making of Hakarl seems very simple. In fact, the process (过程)—which has been refined down through the centuries—is much more complex and lengthy. You must bear in mind that fresh shark meat is very hard and smelly. This is why the freshly caught shark is gutted (取出内脏), and buried in the sand. Then the shark meat is covered with large stones which act as a sort of press. In this way, more smelly liquid is absorbed by the earth during a period which ranges from four to six months. At this point, the shark meat may be cut into strips which are then hung up to dry for a further three or four months. When ready, Hakarl is served without its outer crust, and cut into small pieces. They are eaten just as they are, or served in a glass topped up with Brennivin. In this way, the smell becomes a bit gentler. You will probably think that eating Hakarl is more of a challenge than a pleasure. In fact, there are some who, after tasting it, and this includes me, fall in love with it soon. 54. What did people do after the shark was washed up on the shore according to Paragraph 2? A. They tied it up in ropes and left it to dry. B. They let it rot. C. They cut it into pieces. D. They threw it away. 55. The underlined word “refined” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. completed B. forgotten C. prepared D. improved 56. What is the correct order of making Hakarl? a. hang up the shark meat b. leave the sun and wind to dry it c. take the guts out of the shark d. cut the shark meat into strips e. cover the meat with large stones f. put the shark meat in the sand A. a-c-d-f-e-b B. e-d-c-a-f-b C. f-a-e-b-c-d D. c-f-e-d-a-b 57. When you eat Hakarl, it’s better to ________. A. eat its outer crust first B. eat together with Brennivin C. cover your nose with a napkin D. ask others for some advice (15) With two in five plant species at risk（风险） of disappearance, the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species（野生生物种质资源库）, or GBOWS, in Yunnan Province is racing against time to protect the nation’s plant species. Founded in 2007, GBOWS is a research and preservation（保 存）bank for rare and endangered plants and animals. As the largest bank of wild species in Asia in terms of species, GBOWS has preserved 85,046 seeds from 10,601 species and 60, 262 biological samples（生物 样 本）of 2,203 animal species. The number of seeds at GBOWS is close to that of the world’s biggest seed bank — the Millennium Seed Bank in the United Kingdom. So how does the bank work? Scientists collect the endangered and useful wild species and send them to the seed bank. Once the seeds arrive at GBOWS, they’re dried and preserved in a special room. X-rays will make sure the seeds are undamaged and no insects are hidden inside after they are cleaned and separated（使……分离） from broken ones. The seeds are then frozen, preserved in glass bottles and placed in a huge room at -20 ℃ for long-term preservation. Each bottle has a barcode(条形码). By scanning it, scientists can view detailed information about the seeds inside. The bank works with many international organizations on collection, exchange and research. It has 2,176 sets of seeds from 45 countries and regions, with each set including thousands of seeds. “As China has rich and special plant and animal species, we plan to increase the number of our collections and make further research to protect endangered species,” says Li Pei, a worker at GBOWS. “If the world ends one day, these collections will bring hope of a new beginning to life on Earth.” 58. Which of the following is correct? A. GBOWS has 10,601 animal species in total. B. All of the seeds at GBOWS are found in China. C. Other Asian banks have fewer wild species than GBOWS. D. The number of seeds at GBOWS is the largest in the world. 59. Which is the right order according to Paragraph 3? ①The seeds are sent for X-rays. ②The dried seeds are put into a special room. ③The seeds are put into a room at -20℃. ④The broken seeds are taken out. A. ②→④→①→③ B. ②→①→④→③ C. ④→②→①→③ D. ④→①→③→② 60. According to Li Pei, the work at GBOWS is ________. A. creative B. boring C. meaningful D. dangerous 61. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The bank’s ways to preserve seeds. B. China’s hard work to protect plants. C. The achievements GBOWS has made. D. A bank that collects seeds and biological samples. （16） Hi, I’m Robert. I’m a writer and editor. I hope I can help you with your problems. Problem Dear Robert, I really like the Russian singer Teo. I wanted to go to his concert. My parents promised me that if I did well in my exams, they would take me to Teo’s concert. But after I did so, they didn’t keep their promise. What should I do? Ken Suggestion Dear Ken, I’m sorry to hear that. We will get frustrated when other people break a promise, especially the people we love. I can feel you must be feeling sad right now. However you should think about some possibilities. It’s possible that your parents were busy with work and other things, so they forgot about their promise. It’s also possible that they didn’t have enough money for the concert ticket, so they just pretended to forget about the promise. In any case, I think you should find out what happened. It’s okay that you politely ask about their promise. Robert 62. What’s Ken’s problem? A. He didn’t pass his exam. B. He fought with his parents. C. He didn’t want to go to the concert. D. His parents broke a promise to him. 63. The underlined word “frustrated” in the passage is close to the meaning of “________ ”. A. surprised B. satisfied C. sad D. happy 64. What will Ken probably do at last? A. He will say thanks to his parents. B. He will work harder to make more money. C. He will go to the concert with his friends. D. He will talk with his parents and find out the reason. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$