寒假作业12 构词法 -【寒假分层作业】2025年七年级英语寒假培优练（冀教版2024）

专题12 构词法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（2大考点） 考点一 转化和合成 考点二 派生 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 转化和合成 【知识积累·练前热身】 构词法指的是一种词形变化的现象或规则。 初中阶段英语涉及的构词法主要有转化法、合成法和派生法（前缀和后缀）。 转 化 法： 英语中，把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 常见的有： （1）名词→动词 rain 雨 → rain 下雨 （2）形容词→动词 clean 干净的 → clean 打扫 （3）形容词→名词 daily 日常的 → daily 日报 （4）动词→名词 cook 烹饪 → cook 厨师 （5）副词→动词 down 向下 → down 击倒 合 成 法： 合成法，即把两个独立的单词合成新词。 合成法可以构成名词、动词、形容词等。 （1）名词 + 名词 class + room → classroom 教室 （2）副词 + 动词 over + come → overcome 克服 （3）名词 + 形容词 home + sick → homesick 想家的 （4）形容词 + 名词 black + board → blackboard 黑板 （5）介词 + 名词 in + side → inside 里面 （6）动词+名词 bath + room→bathroom浴室 （7）名词 + 动名词 hand + writing → handwriting 书法 （8）数词 + 名词 + 形容词 five + year + old → five-year-old 五岁大的 （9）名词 + 动词过去分词 man + made → man-made 人工制造的 （10）名词+动词 sleep+walk→sleepwalk梦游 （11）不定代词 + 名词 every + thing→everything 每件事 1．Ben said he had a ________. He ________ travel to a foreign country. A．planning, planned to B．plan, planned to C．planned, planned to D．plan, plan to 2．—Is the library _______  now? —No, it usually _______ at 9 a.m. A．opens; opens B．open; open C．open; opens D．opens; open 3．We will have a ________ holiday during the spring festival. A．10 days B．10-day C．10-days D．10 day 4．Which of the following words is a compound word? A．windsurfing B．swimming C．interesting 5．Tom is ________ boy from the UK. A．a thirteen year old B．a thirteen-year-old C．an thirteen-years-old 6．Kate is only a ________ girl, but she can play the piano well. A．6-years-old B．6-year-olds C．6-year-old D．6 years old 7．This wall is ________. That is to say, it is a ________ wall. A．five metre long; five metres long B．five-metres long; five-metre long C．five metres long; five-metre-long D．five-metre long; five-metres-long 8．It is five years since we began to enjoy a ________ spring holiday each year. A．ten­-day B．ten day C．ten day's D．ten days 9．The mall near my home___________ from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. every day and is always full of people. A．is open B．opens C．is closed D．closes 10．The shop _______at 8：00 a. m. and it _______for ten hours every day. A．is open; opens B．opens; opens C．opens; is open D．is open, is open 派生法 【知识积累·练前热身】 派 生 法：派生法，又叫词缀法，即在一个单词前或后加上前缀或后缀，构成新的单词。 前 缀 例 词 表示 “否定” un- 形容词 happy → unhappy 不高兴的    lucky → unlucky 不幸的 副词 luckily → unluckily 不幸地 dis- 形容词 honest → dishonest 不诚实的 动词 appear → disappear 消失 名词 comfort → discomfort 不舒适 表示 “否定” mis- 动词 understand → misunderstand 误解 im- 形容词 possible → impossible 不可能的 in- formal → informal 非正式的 ir- regular → irregular 不规则的 表示 “重复” re- 动词 build → rebuild 重建 表示 “使” en- 动词 large → enlarge 扩大 后 缀 例 词 名词后缀 -er read → reader 读者 -or act → actor 演员 -ress wait→waitress 女服务员 China → Chinese 中国人 -an America → American 美国人 -ist piano → pianist 钢琴家 名词后缀 -ment disappoint → disappointment 失望 -ion graduate → graduation 毕业 -ship friend → friendship 友谊 -hood child → childhood 童年 -th warm → warmth 温暖 -dom wise → wisdom 智慧 -ing write → writing 写作 -ness good → goodness 善良 形容词 后缀 -able/-ible comfort → comfortable 舒适的   sense → sensible 明智的 -al education → educational 有教育意义的 -ic/-cal history → historic 有历史意义的   medicine → medical 医疗的 -ish fool → foolish 愚蠢的 -ful care → careful 小心的 -less care → careless 粗心的 -ly love → lovely 可爱的 -en wood → wooden 木制的 形容词 后缀 -y sleep → sleepy 困倦的 -ous danger → dangerous 危险的 -ed bore → bored 感到无聊的 -ing interest → interesting 令人感兴趣的 副词 后缀 -ly bad → badly 糟糕地 -ward(s) north → northward(s) 朝北 动词 后缀 -en deep → deepen 加深 1．The suffix(后缀) “-less” in the word “endless” means ________. A．full of B．out of C．with D．without 2．Which of the following prefixes(前级) means “No”? A．en- B．co- C．over- D．dis- 3．The wedding dress is inexpensive but well-made. In the word inexpensive, the in- means________. A．very B．more C．not D．less 4．Tom failed in the exam. He looked ________ at his English test paper in his room. A．unhappy B．unhappily C．happy D．happily 5．---I want to be ______.What should I do? ---First, you must keep ______every day. A．health;happy B．unhealthy;happily C．healthy;happy D．health;happily 6．—There' s a lot of  _____on the road. —Yes. It was _____last night. A．snow; snow B．snow; snowy C．snowy; snowy D．snowy; snow 7．He was ________ boy. But _______ he had a kind grandmother. A．an unlucky; luckily B．a lucky; luckily C．an unlucky; unluckily D．a lucky, unluckily 8．—Was there much ______in Nanjing last week?  —Yes. It snowed a lot. A．snows B．snowy C．snowed D．snow 9．My _______ Jim is ________ to people. A．friend; friend B．friendly; friendly C．friend; friendly D．friendly; friend 10．________ is short for the People’s Republic of China. A．PRC B．UN C．WHO D．PLA 11．下列英文缩写中表示“中国人民解放军”的是________。 A．UN B．VR C．PRC D．PLA 12．________ is short for (是……的缩写) the People’s Republic of China. A．WTO B．PLA C．NBA D．PRC 一、完形填空 通读下面短文。掌握其大意，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 My name is Tom. I am happy to tell you something about my family. There 1 seven people in my family. Look! This is a photo 2 my family. The two people with glasses are my grandparents. They are 70 years old and they love 3 ping-pong. They have a lot of ping-pong bats. They want to live in Kunming because the weather there is not hot in summer and not cold in winter. The man with the black hat is my 4 . My father is a violin teacher. He teaches students how to play the 5 at school. My mother is a nurse in a hospital. She is 6 because she likes telling jokes (笑话) a lot. They are busy every day, but they love their jobs. 7 is the boy in my mother’s arms? He is my brother—Alex and he is one year old. The 8 in the long dress is my sister, Suzy. She likes the colour pink best, so she has many 9 clothes. This is my family. We always 10 fun together. What about yours? 1．A．be B．am C．is D．are 2．A．for B．at C．of D．to 3．A．playing B．taking C．giving D．counting 4．A．uncle B．father C．son D．grandpa 5．A．piano B．pipa C．violin D．guitar 6．A．quiet B．beautiful C．funny D．handsome 7．A．What B．Who C．How D．Where 8．A．girl B．boy C．toy D．bottle 9．A．green B．black C．blue D．pink 10．A．spell B．write C．have D．speak 任务2：再次阅读以上短文，选择正确答案 11．(中考新考法·辨别事实与观点) Which of the following is a fact (事实) according to this passage? A．Tom’s father is a great violin teacher. B．Tom’s little brother is very lovely. C．Tom’s sister is a kind girl. D．Tom’s mother is a nurse in a hospital. 二、短文填空 读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子通顺，符合逻辑。 Good morning. 1 are you? Nice to meet you. My name is Nancy Hand. Nancy is my 2 (one) name. Hand is my last name. I am from the UK. I am 13 years old. I’m a student 3 China now. I’m in Xingzhi Middle School. Students in my class 4 (be) very nice. I like to play with them. Peter is in Class One, Grade Seven. He’s my classmate. I can 5 (spell) his name, P-E-T-E-R. He’s 13, too. He likes black very much. He has a black phone, three black 6 (ruler) and a black eraser. And 325-2145 is 7 (he) phone number. Cathy is my friend. She’s 8 English girl. Her favourite color is white. She has a white jacket, a white pen 9 a white cup. Her favorite 10 (number) are six and eight, because she thinks they are lucky numbers. Her telephone is red. Her phone number is 365-2458. 三．阅读表达 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题. In a Yunnan primary school, none (没有一个) of the 500 students are nearsighted (近视). This might be because they have three hours to play outside every day and don’t use mobile phones. Eating healthy food and getting enough sleep also help their eyesight. During breaks, all students have to go outside. If the sports teachers are busy, other teachers teach them to play basketball and table tennis. To keep students away from phones, the school has six public phones for them to give their parents a call. The school also talks to parents about eye health on WeChat. The headmaster, Sun Fubiao, and five teachers are nearsighted. Sun knows wearing glasses can be uncomfortable and wants to stop this for the kids. To protect children’s eyes, they should not play online games for more than one hour a week and get eye tests each term. But the best for their eyes is playing outside. 1．How many reasons for no nearsighted students are there in the first paragraph? 2．Why does the school have six public phones for students to call parents? 3．What do you think of wearing glasses? Why? 一、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景, 在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子, 使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Excuse me, Sir! 1 ? I am new here. B: No, there isn’t one near here. A: Where can I find a zoo in this city, please? B: Oh, there’s one on the corner of Huyuan Road. A: 2 ? B: It’s about eleven kilometers away from here. A: 3 ? B: You can take a bus there. Er..., take Bus No. 2. A: 4 ⁠? B: Look, the bus stop is over there. A: 5 ⁠. B: It’s my pleasure. 二、阅读表达 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题。 I’m Cindy. My favorite day of every week is Friday. Why? You may think it’s because the next day is Saturday. No, it’s because on Friday I can buy food from the school store. The store is open from Wednesday to Friday, but my mom doesn’t let me buy food there on Wednesday or Thursday. That’s too much money. I can get $5 from mom to buy the food from the store only on Friday. You may want to know what I buy from the store. I always buy the same thing. It’s not very exciting. It’s hot (热的) lasagna (意大利千层面). From Monday to Thursday, I can only have cold (冷的) food from my lunchbox. On Friday, I want to have some hot things. Do you like food from the school store or your mom’s lunchbox? 1．Why does Cindy like Friday? 2．When is the school store open? 3．What can Cindy buy from the school store? 4．What’s your favorite day in a week? Why? Write 30 words or more. 三、阅读理解 People have different ideas about life in the future. Danny Children will not use pencils or books in the future. Each student will have a laptop (笔记本电脑) at school. Just go online and you will find everything you are interested in. Peter Too many traffic jams (交通堵塞) make people angry and tired. More and more people will ride a bike to work. It is also good for the environment (环境). Jenny People will work only four hours a day. In the future, robots will help do the dangerous jobs. People will have a lot of time to have fun. I will enjoy that. Lisa People will wear thin clothes in the future, because the weather gets warmer year by year. Using air conditioners (空调) is bad for the environment. I am worried about it. 1．Who thinks that children won’t use pencils? A．Danny. B．Peter. C．Jenny. D．Lisa． 2．How does Peter think more and more people will go to work? A．By bus. B．By car. C．By bike. D．By plane. 3．In Jenny’s opinion, how long will people work a day in the future? A．For two hours. B．For three hours. C．For four hours. D．For five hours. 4．What does Lisa talk about? A．Traffic. B．Weather. C．Working hours. D．School life. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12 构词法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（2大考点） 考点一 转化和合成 考点二 派生 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 转化和合成 【知识积累·练前热身】 构词法指的是一种词形变化的现象或规则。 初中阶段英语涉及的构词法主要有转化法、合成法和派生法（前缀和后缀）。 转 化 法： 英语中，把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 常见的有： （1）名词→动词 rain 雨 → rain 下雨 （2）形容词→动词 clean 干净的 → clean 打扫 （3）形容词→名词 daily 日常的 → daily 日报 （4）动词→名词 cook 烹饪 → cook 厨师 （5）副词→动词 down 向下 → down 击倒 合 成 法： 合成法，即把两个独立的单词合成新词。 合成法可以构成名词、动词、形容词等。 （1）名词 + 名词 class + room → classroom 教室 （2）副词 + 动词 over + come → overcome 克服 （3）名词 + 形容词 home + sick → homesick 想家的 （4）形容词 + 名词 black + board → blackboard 黑板 （5）介词 + 名词 in + side → inside 里面 （6）动词+名词 bath + room→bathroom浴室 （7）名词 + 动名词 hand + writing → handwriting 书法 （8）数词 + 名词 + 形容词 five + year + old → five-year-old 五岁大的 （9）名词 + 动词过去分词 man + made → man-made 人工制造的 （10）名词+动词 sleep+walk→sleepwalk梦游 （11）不定代词 + 名词 every + thing→everything 每件事 1．Ben said he had a ________. He ________ travel to a foreign country. A．planning, planned to B．plan, planned to C．planned, planned to D．plan, plan to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：本说他有一个_______。他________到一个外国去旅游。 考查名词和动词时态。plan作名词，意为计划；作动词时，后面跟动词不定式作宾语，意为“计划做某事”。根据第一句是一般过去时，可知第二句用一般过去时planned to，故选B。 2．—Is the library _______  now? —No, it usually _______ at 9 a.m. A．opens; opens B．open; open C．open; opens D．opens; open 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——现在图书馆开门了吗？——没有，它通常九点钟开门。 考查open作为动词和形容词的用法。open开，开着的；opens是动词open的第三人称单数形式；根据第一句中is是be动词，所以此处需要形容词，open可以作为形容词，表示“开着的”，所以第一空用open；第二句中主语it是第三人称单数形式，所以后接动词第三人称单数形式，所以第二空使用opens。故选C。 3．We will have a ________ holiday during the spring festival. A．10 days B．10-day C．10-days D．10 day 【答案】B 【解析】句意：春节期间我们将有10天的假期。 考查复合形容词。基数词可与名词构成复合形容词表示时间、距离、度量等，名词一般用单数，中间用连接符“-”连接，排除C选项；D项语法错误，因为10后面需接复数名词；A项10 days是名词短语“十天”，和holiday不搭配，可排除。10-day意为“十天的”，作定语修饰holiday。故选B。 4．Which of the following words is a compound word? A．windsurfing B．swimming C．interesting 【答案】A 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词是复合词？ 考查构词法。windsurfing风帆冲浪，是由wind和surfing组合而成，为复合词；swimming游泳，由动词转化为名词，为派生词；interesting有趣的，由名词转化成形容词，为派生词。故选A。 5．Tom is ________ boy from the UK. A．a thirteen year old B．a thirteen-year-old C．an thirteen-years-old 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆是一个来自英国的十三岁男孩。 考查冠词及合成形容词的构成。“thirteen”单词发音以辅音因素开头，所以不定冠词填a，排除C选项；基数词-year-old为复合形容词结构，所以B选项正确。故选B。 6．Kate is only a ________ girl, but she can play the piano well. A．6-years-old B．6-year-olds C．6-year-old D．6 years old 【答案】C 【解析】句意：凯特只是一个6岁大的女孩，但是她弹钢琴弹得非常好。 考查复合形容词。此处作定语，修饰名词girl，用形容词，数词-单数可数名词-形容词，six-year-old表示“6岁的”，是形容词，6 years old“6岁”，是名词短语，故选C。 7．This wall is ________. That is to say, it is a ________ wall. A．five metre long; five metres long B．five-metres long; five-metre long C．five metres long; five-metre-long D．five-metre long; five-metres-long 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这堵墙有五米长，也就是说，这是一堵五米长的墙。 考查基数词的表达。metre“米”，是可数名词，five metres long“五米长”，作表语；five-metre-long“五米长的”，作定语，修饰名词wall。“数词-名词单数-形容词”相当于一个形容词，作定语修饰名词。故选C。 8．It is five years since we began to enjoy a ________ spring holiday each year. A．ten­-day B．ten day C．ten day's D．ten days 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们开始享受每年十天的春假已经五年了。 考查复合形容词。此空修饰名词“spring holiday”，要用以连字符连接起来的单数名词作定语，故选A。 9．The mall near my home___________ from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. every day and is always full of people. A．is open B．opens C．is closed D．closes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我家附近的那家购物中心每天从上午9点到晚上9点营业，一直满是人。 本题考查动词。is pen开着的，营业的，表示状态；opens打开，表示动作；is closed关着的，不营业的，表示状态；closes关上，表示动作。根据is always full of people.可知，满是人，因此表示正在营业。根据from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. every day此处表示状态，用is open，故选A。 10．The shop _______at 8：00 a. m. and it _______for ten hours every day. A．is open; opens B．opens; opens C．opens; is open D．is open, is open 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这家商店在上午八点开门，它每天营业十小时。考查一般现在时。根据时间状语every day可知本句时态用一般现在时；第一个空，open用作动词，作谓语，主语是the shop，第三人称单数形式，所以动词open也要用第三人称单数形式opens；第二个空，open是形容词，be open表示一种状态，意思是“开着的”，主语是it，是单数形式，所以用is open；结合选项可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。 派生法 【知识积累·练前热身】 派 生 法：派生法，又叫词缀法，即在一个单词前或后加上前缀或后缀，构成新的单词。 前 缀 例 词 表示 “否定” un- 形容词 happy → unhappy 不高兴的    lucky → unlucky 不幸的 副词 luckily → unluckily 不幸地 dis- 形容词 honest → dishonest 不诚实的 动词 appear → disappear 消失 名词 comfort → discomfort 不舒适 表示 “否定” mis- 动词 understand → misunderstand 误解 im- 形容词 possible → impossible 不可能的 in- formal → informal 非正式的 ir- regular → irregular 不规则的 表示 “重复” re- 动词 build → rebuild 重建 表示 “使” en- 动词 large → enlarge 扩大 后 缀 例 词 名词后缀 -er read → reader 读者 -or act → actor 演员 -ress wait→waitress 女服务员 China → Chinese 中国人 -an America → American 美国人 -ist piano → pianist 钢琴家 名词后缀 -ment disappoint → disappointment 失望 -ion graduate → graduation 毕业 -ship friend → friendship 友谊 -hood child → childhood 童年 -th warm → warmth 温暖 -dom wise → wisdom 智慧 -ing write → writing 写作 -ness good → goodness 善良 形容词 后缀 -able/-ible comfort → comfortable 舒适的   sense → sensible 明智的 -al education → educational 有教育意义的 -ic/-cal history → historic 有历史意义的   medicine → medical 医疗的 -ish fool → foolish 愚蠢的 -ful care → careful 小心的 -less care → careless 粗心的 -ly love → lovely 可爱的 -en wood → wooden 木制的 形容词 后缀 -y sleep → sleepy 困倦的 -ous danger → dangerous 危险的 -ed bore → bored 感到无聊的 -ing interest → interesting 令人感兴趣的 副词 后缀 -ly bad → badly 糟糕地 -ward(s) north → northward(s) 朝北 动词 后缀 -en deep → deepen 加深 1．The suffix(后缀) “-less” in the word “endless” means ________. A．full of B．out of C．with D．without 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在单词“endless”里的后缀“less”的意思是没有。 考查派生词辨析。full of充满；out of自……离开；with有；without没有。根据“endless无止尽的”可知，less意思是没有。故选D。 2．Which of the following prefixes(前级) means “No”? A．en- B．co- C．over- D．dis- 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列哪个前缀表示“不”？ 考查构词法。en-置于……之中；co-和……一起； over-太，过于；dis-不。D项表否定，如dislike“不喜欢”，disagree“不同意”等。故选D。 3．The wedding dress is inexpensive but well-made. In the word inexpensive, the in- means________. A．very B．more C．not D．less 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这件结婚礼服不贵，但做工很好。在“便宜”这个词里，in-的意思是“不”。 考查构词法。very非常；more更多；not不；less很少。根据单词构词法可知，前缀in是“不”的意思，表达否定意义。故选C。 4．Tom failed in the exam. He looked ________ at his English test paper in his room. A．unhappy B．unhappily C．happy D．happily 【答案】B 【解析】汤姆考试不及格。他在他的房间里________地看着他的英语试卷。 考查副词和语境辨析。unhappy形容词，不高兴的； unhappily副词，不高兴地； happy高兴的； happily高兴地。这里动词look at意为看……，修饰动词词组look at用副词，排除A和C；根据第一句汤姆考试不及格可知他不高兴地看试卷，用unhappily，故选B。 5．---I want to be ______.What should I do? ---First, you must keep ______every day. A．health;happy B．unhealthy;happily C．healthy;happy D．health;happily 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—我想要健康。我应该做什么？—首先，你必须每天保持快乐。 考查形容词。health健康，名词；healthy健康的，形容词；unhealthy不健康的，形容词；happy快乐的，形容词；happily快乐地，副词。第一个空，根据系动词be可知，用形容词构成系表结构，故排除A和D；第二个空，keep+形容词"保持某种状态"固定搭配，用形容词happy，故排除B，故选C。 6．—There' s a lot of  _____on the road. —Yes. It was _____last night. A．snow; snow B．snow; snowy C．snowy; snowy D．snowy; snow 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——在路上有很多雪。——是的。昨天晚上下雪了。snow雪，是名词，动词；snowy下雪的，是形容词。第一空有a lot of修饰，故用名词snow。第二空作为系动词was的表语，故用形容词snowy。故选B。 7．He was ________ boy. But _______ he had a kind grandmother. A．an unlucky; luckily B．a lucky; luckily C．an unlucky; unluckily D．a lucky, unluckily 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他是个不幸的孩子。但幸运的是，他有一位慈祥的祖母。考查形容词和副词辨析。lucky幸运的，unlucky不幸的；luckily幸运地，unluckily不幸地。but但是，表转折；根据句意语境，可知前句否定，后句肯定，故选A。 8．—Was there much ______in Nanjing last week?  —Yes. It snowed a lot. A．snows B．snowy C．snowed D．snow 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——南京上星期雪多吗？——是的，下了很多雪。 考查snow。snow名词，雪；动词，下雪；snowy形容词，多雪的；much后用不可数名词，故选D。 9．My _______ Jim is ________ to people. A．friend; friend B．friendly; friendly C．friend; friendly D．friendly; friend 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的好朋友约翰对人很友好。 考查构词法。friend朋友，名词；friendly友好的，形容词；be friendly to sb对某人友好；故选C。 10．________ is short for the People’s Republic of China. A．PRC B．UN C．WHO D．PLA 【答案】A 【解析】句意：PRC是中华人民共和国的缩写。 考查缩略词。PRC是People’s Republic of China的缩写，意为中华人民共和国；UN是United Nations的缩写，意为联合国；WHO是World Health Organization的缩写，意为世界卫生组织；PLA是People’s Liberation Army的缩写，意为中国人民解放军。根据题干可知，这里是询问中华人民共和国的缩写，故选A。 11．下列英文缩写中表示“中国人民解放军”的是________。 A．UN B．VR C．PRC D．PLA 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列字母组合表示“中国人民解放军”的是PLA。 考查缩写。UN联合国；VR虚拟现实；PLA中国人民解放军；PRC中华人民共和国。分析题干可知，中国人民解放军的缩写是PLA。故选D。 12．________ is short for (是……的缩写) the People’s Republic of China. A．WTO B．PLA C．NBA D．PRC 【答案】D 【解析】句意：PRC是中华人民共和国的缩写。 考查缩写。WTO世界贸易组织；PLA中国人民解放军；NBA美国职业篮球联赛；PRC中华人民共和国。根据“ the People’s Republic of China.”可知，中华人民共和国的缩写是PRC。故选D。 一、完形填空 通读下面短文。掌握其大意，在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 My name is Tom. I am happy to tell you something about my family. There 1 seven people in my family. Look! This is a photo 2 my family. The two people with glasses are my grandparents. They are 70 years old and they love 3 ping-pong. They have a lot of ping-pong bats. They want to live in Kunming because the weather there is not hot in summer and not cold in winter. The man with the black hat is my 4 . My father is a violin teacher. He teaches students how to play the 5 at school. My mother is a nurse in a hospital. She is 6 because she likes telling jokes (笑话) a lot. They are busy every day, but they love their jobs. 7 is the boy in my mother’s arms? He is my brother—Alex and he is one year old. The 8 in the long dress is my sister, Suzy. She likes the colour pink best, so she has many 9 clothes. This is my family. We always 10 fun together. What about yours? 1．A．be B．am C．is D．are 2．A．for B．at C．of D．to 3．A．playing B．taking C．giving D．counting 4．A．uncle B．father C．son D．grandpa 5．A．piano B．pipa C．violin D．guitar 6．A．quiet B．beautiful C．funny D．handsome 7．A．What B．Who C．How D．Where 8．A．girl B．boy C．toy D．bottle 9．A．green B．black C．blue D．pink 10．A．spell B．write C．have D．speak 任务2：再次阅读以上短文，选择正确答案 11．(中考新考法·辨别事实与观点) Which of the following is a fact (事实) according to this passage? A．Tom’s father is a great violin teacher. B．Tom’s little brother is very lovely. C．Tom’s sister is a kind girl. D．Tom’s mother is a nurse in a hospital. 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了Tom的全家福。 1．句意：我家有七口人。 be是；am是（第一人称单数形式）；is是（第三人称单数形式）；are是（第二人称单复数形式和第一、三人称复数形式）。根据空后“seven people”可知，此处应用be动词的复数形式。故选D。 2．句意：这是我家人的照片。 for为了，给，对；at在（时间、地点）；of属于（某人），关于（某人）；to朝，到。根据空前“a photo”和空后“my family”可知，此处表示“我”的家人的照片；a photo of my family“一张我的全家福”。故选C。 3．句意：他们70岁了，喜欢打乒乓球。 playing玩；taking拍照，取，买入，拿；giving给，送给，供给；counting数数。根据空后“ping-pong”可知，此处表示打乒乓球；play ping-pong“打乒乓球”，为固定搭配。故选A。 4．句意：戴黑帽子的那个人是我爸爸。 uncle叔叔；father父亲；son儿子；grandpa爷爷。根据下文“My father is a violin teacher.”此处表示戴着黑色帽子的男人是“我”的爸爸。故选B。 5．句意：他在学校教学生如何拉小提琴。 piano钢琴；pipa琵琶；violin小提琴；guitar吉他。根据上文“My father is a violin teacher.”可知，此处表示他在学校教学生如何拉小提琴。故选C。 6．句意：她很有趣，因为她非常喜欢讲笑话。 quiet安静的；beautiful漂亮的；funny有趣的；handsome英俊的。根据空后“because she likes telling jokes（笑话） a lot”可知，此处表示她很有趣。故选C。 7．句意：我妈妈怀里的男孩是谁？ What什么；Who谁；How如何；Where在哪里。根据下文“He is my brother— Alex”可知，此处表示妈妈怀里的男孩是谁。故选B。 8．句意：穿长裙的女孩是我妹妹苏西。 girl女孩；boy男孩；toy玩具；bottle瓶子。根据空后“my sister”可知，此处表示女孩。故选A。 9．句意：她最喜欢粉红色，所以她有很多粉红色的衣服。 green绿色的；black黑色的；blue蓝色的；pink粉色的。根据空前“She likes the colour pink best”可知，此处表示有很多粉色的衣服。故选D。 10．句意：我们总是在一起玩得很开心。 spell用字母拼，拼写；write写；have有；speak说（某种语言），说话。根据空后“fun”可知，此处表示玩得开心；have fun“玩得开心”。故选C。 11．根据第三段中的“My mother is a nurse in a hospital.”可知，D选项“汤姆的妈妈是一家医院的护士。”是符合文章内容的事实。故选D。 二、短文填空 读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子通顺，符合逻辑。 Good morning. 1 are you? Nice to meet you. My name is Nancy Hand. Nancy is my 2 (one) name. Hand is my last name. I am from the UK. I am 13 years old. I’m a student 3 China now. I’m in Xingzhi Middle School. Students in my class 4 (be) very nice. I like to play with them. Peter is in Class One, Grade Seven. He’s my classmate. I can 5 (spell) his name, P-E-T-E-R. He’s 13, too. He likes black very much. He has a black phone, three black 6 (ruler) and a black eraser. And 325-2145 is 7 (he) phone number. Cathy is my friend. She’s 8 English girl. Her favourite color is white. She has a white jacket, a white pen 9 a white cup. Her favorite 10 (number) are six and eight, because she thinks they are lucky numbers. Her telephone is red. Her phone number is 365-2458. 【答案】 1．How 2．first 3．in 4．are 5．spell 6．rulers 7．his 8．an 9．and 10．numbers 【解析】本文介绍了Nancy Hand和她的两个朋友的基本信息。 1．句意：你好吗？根据“Good morning.”可知，此处表示问候，How are you？“你好吗？”故填How。 2．句意：南希是我的名。one“一”，基数词，根据“My name is Nancy Hand.”和常识可知，Nancy是名，first name“名字”。故填first。 3．句意：我现在是中国的一名学生。空后“China”是大地点，用地点介词in。故填in。 4．句意：我们班的学生都很友好。主语“Students”是复数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。 5．句意：我能拼写他的名字，P-E-T-E-R。spell“拼写”，动词，can为情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填spell。 6．句意：他有一部黑色手机、三把黑色尺子和一块黑色橡皮擦。ruler“尺子”，可数名词，数词“three”后跟名词复数形式。故填rulers。 7．句意：325-2145是他的电话号码。he“他”，主格，空后有名词“telephone”，需用形容词性物主代词his“他的”修饰。故填his。 8．句意：她是一个英国女孩。此处泛指一个英国女孩，且English是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 9．句意：她有一件白色夹克，一支白色钢笔和一个白色杯子。此处“a white jacket”，“a white pen”和“a white cup”三者是并列关系，且该句为肯定句，所以用and连接。故填and。 10．句意：她最喜欢的数字是六和八，因为她认为它们是幸运数字。根据be动词“are”可知，主语是复数形式。故填numbers。 三．阅读表达 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题. In a Yunnan primary school, none (没有一个) of the 500 students are nearsighted (近视). This might be because they have three hours to play outside every day and don’t use mobile phones. Eating healthy food and getting enough sleep also help their eyesight. During breaks, all students have to go outside. If the sports teachers are busy, other teachers teach them to play basketball and table tennis. To keep students away from phones, the school has six public phones for them to give their parents a call. The school also talks to parents about eye health on WeChat. The headmaster, Sun Fubiao, and five teachers are nearsighted. Sun knows wearing glasses can be uncomfortable and wants to stop this for the kids. To protect children’s eyes, they should not play online games for more than one hour a week and get eye tests each term. But the best for their eyes is playing outside. 1．How many reasons for no nearsighted students are there in the first paragraph? 2．Why does the school have six public phones for students to call parents? 3．What do you think of wearing glasses? Why? 【答案】1．Four. 2．To keep students away from phones. 3．It’s uncomfortable. Because I wear glasses. My eyes are always uncomfortable and my ears hurt. 【解析】本文主要介绍了云南一所小学的学生们都没有近视的原因。 1．根据“This might be because they have three hours to play outside every day and don’t use mobile phones. Eating healthy food and getting enough sleep also help their eyesight.”可知，这可能是因为他们每天有三个小时在外面玩，不使用手机。吃健康的食物和充足的睡眠也有助于他们的视力。此处提到四个原因，故填Four. 2．根据“To keep students away from phones, the school has six public phones for them to give their parents a call.”可知，为了让学生远离手机，学校设置了6个公用电话供他们给父母打电话。故填To keep students away from phones. 3．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：It’s uncomfortable. Because I wear glasses. My eyes are always uncomfortable and my ears hurt. 一、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景, 在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子, 使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Excuse me, Sir! 1 ? I am new here. B: No, there isn’t one near here. A: Where can I find a zoo in this city, please? B: Oh, there’s one on the corner of Huyuan Road. A: 2 ? B: It’s about eleven kilometers away from here. A: 3 ? B: You can take a bus there. Er..., take Bus No. 2. A: 4 ⁠? B: Look, the bus stop is over there. A: 5 ⁠. B: It’s my pleasure. 【答案】1．Is there a zoo near here 2．How far is it from here 3．How can I get there 4．Where is the bus stop 5．Thank you/Thanks a lot 【解析】本文是一个人问去动物园的对话。 1．根据“No, there isn’t one near here.”以及“Where can I find a zoo in this city, please?”可知，此处询问附近有没有动物园。故填Is there a zoo near here。 2．根据“It’s about eleven kilometers away from here.”可知，此处询问离这里有多远。故填How far is it from here。 3．根据“You can take a bus there. Er..., take Bus No. 2.”可知，此处询问应如何去那里。故填How can I get there。 4．根据“Look, the bus stop is over there.”可知，此处询问公交车站在哪里。故填Where is the bus stop。 5．根据“It’s my pleasure.”可知，对对方的帮助表示感谢。故填Thank you/Thanks a lot。 二、阅读表达 阅读短文，根据要求完成各题。 I’m Cindy. My favorite day of every week is Friday. Why? You may think it’s because the next day is Saturday. No, it’s because on Friday I can buy food from the school store. The store is open from Wednesday to Friday, but my mom doesn’t let me buy food there on Wednesday or Thursday. That’s too much money. I can get $5 from mom to buy the food from the store only on Friday. You may want to know what I buy from the store. I always buy the same thing. It’s not very exciting. It’s hot (热的) lasagna (意大利千层面). From Monday to Thursday, I can only have cold (冷的) food from my lunchbox. On Friday, I want to have some hot things. Do you like food from the school store or your mom’s lunchbox? 1．Why does Cindy like Friday? 2．When is the school store open? 3．What can Cindy buy from the school store? 4．What’s your favorite day in a week? Why? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．Because she can buy food from the school store. 2．From Wednesday to Friday. 3．Hot lasagna. 4．My favorite day is Saturday. Because on Saturday, I can go out with my parents. We often go to climb the mountain. Along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful flowers and talk about something interesting. 【解析】本文主要介绍了作者最喜欢周五，因为星期五作者可以从学校商店买食物。 1．根据“No, it’s because on Friday I can buy food from the school store.”可知作者最喜欢周五，是因为星期五作者可以从学校商店买食物。故填Because she can buy food from the school store. 2．根据“The store is open from Wednesday to Friday”可知这家商店星期三到星期五开门。故填From Wednesday to Friday. 3．根据“It’s hot (热的) lasagna”可知作者在商店买热意大利千层面。故填Hot lasagna. 4．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为My favorite day is Saturday. Because on Saturday, I can go out with my parents. We often go to climb the mountain. Along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful flowers and talk about something interesting. 三、阅读理解 People have different ideas about life in the future. Danny Children will not use pencils or books in the future. Each student will have a laptop (笔记本电脑) at school. Just go online and you will find everything you are interested in. Peter Too many traffic jams (交通堵塞) make people angry and tired. More and more people will ride a bike to work. It is also good for the environment (环境). Jenny People will work only four hours a day. In the future, robots will help do the dangerous jobs. People will have a lot of time to have fun. I will enjoy that. Lisa People will wear thin clothes in the future, because the weather gets warmer year by year. Using air conditioners (空调) is bad for the environment. I am worried about it. 1．Who thinks that children won’t use pencils? A．Danny. B．Peter. C．Jenny. D．Lisa． 2．How does Peter think more and more people will go to work? A．By bus. B．By car. C．By bike. D．By plane. 3．In Jenny’s opinion, how long will people work a day in the future? A．For two hours. B．For three hours. C．For four hours. D．For five hours. 4．What does Lisa talk about? A．Traffic. B．Weather. C．Working hours. D．School life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了Danny、Peter、Jenny和Lisa对于未来生活的猜想和看法。 1．细节理解题。根据Danny的描述中的“Children will not use pencils or books in the future”可知，Danny认为未来孩子们将不使用铅笔，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Peter的描述中的“More and more people will ride a bike to work.”可知，Peter认为越来越多的人将骑自行车去上班，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Jenny的描述中的“People will work only four hours a day.”在Jenny看来，未来人们一天工作四个小时，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据Lisa的描述中的“the weather gets warmer year by year”可知，Lisa谈论天气，故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$