专题15 常考课标词汇检测小卷（人教版2019选择性必修四）-2025年高考英语词汇&语法限时检测小卷

专题15常考课标词汇检测小卷（选择性必修四） （满分120分）（时间60分钟） 一、单词拼写（共 50个小题，每题1分） 1．Due to his excellent performance at work, he was (晋升) to the position of manager. 【答案】promoted 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：由于他在工作中的出色表现，他被提升为经理。“晋升”作谓语，用动词promote，与主语he之间是被动关系，用过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态was promoted。故填promoted。 2．While hiking in the mountains, he (咬) on the leg by a snake. 【答案】was bitten 【详解】考查动词。句意：在山上徒步旅行时，他被蛇咬伤了腿。根据中文提示可知，表示“咬”应用bite，为动词，在本句中作谓语，且he与bite为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填was bitten。 3．Yang Liwei was (挑选) as an astronaut candidate in 1998 and had been Trained for spaceflight. 【答案】selected 【详解】考查动词。句意：杨利伟在1998年被选为宇航员候选人，并接受了太空飞行训练。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词select“挑选”，在句中作谓语。根据空前的was可知，本句话一般过去时态的被动语态，表示“杨利伟被选中”，所以空处需要过去分词。故填selected。 4．His lawyers are confident that the judges will (宣布) him innocent. 【答案】declare 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的律师相信法官会宣布他是无辜的。根据“will”及汉语提示可知，空处需填动词原形，declare作动词，表示“宣布”，符合句意。故填declare。 5．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be (解雇) next week. 【答案】dismissed 【详解】考查动词。句意：主席宣布下周将解雇100名工人。根据汉语提示“解雇”可知，此处使用动词dismiss，与workers为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填dismissed。 6．The image of the tree was (反射) in the still lake. 【答案】reflected 【详解】考查动词。句意：树的倒影映在平静的湖面上。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词reflect“反射”。根据空前的was可知，本句话为一般过去时态的被动语态，表示树被反射到湖面上，所以空处需要过去分词。故填reflected。 7．His name was not (提到) to in the report. 【答案】referred 【详解】考查动词。句意：报告中没有提到他的名字。根据句意及汉语提示“提到”可知，此处应用动词refer，his name和refer为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处应填过去分词形式。故填referred。 8．To some, happiness is being (环绕) by family and friends. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查动词。句意：对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友围绕在身边。“环绕”为动词surround，和主语happiness是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与is being构成现在进行时的被动语态，故填surrounded。 9．It has been (确认) that effective measures will be taken to ban illegal hunting. 【答案】confirmed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：据证实，将采取有效措施禁止非法狩猎。根据汉语提示“确认”可知，此处为动词confirm，主句谓语动词，结合“has been”可知，空处需填过去分词，构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填confirmed。 10．The details of the scene were (显出) in front of me: the soft sunlight, a bird singing from a high tree branch, the rich and earthy smell of the soil after the rain. 【答案】revealed 【详解】考查动词。句意：场景的细节展现在我面前:柔和的阳光，一只鸟儿在高高的树枝上歌唱，雨后土壤的浓郁和泥土的气味。根据汉语提示“显出”可知，此处使用动词reveal，与主语The details of the scene为被动语态，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态，空处应填过去分词。故填revealed。 11．Two wealthy (赞助者) came to our rescue with generous donations. 【答案】sponsors 【详解】考查名词。句意：两位慷慨的赞助者带着大方的捐赠来帮助我们。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词sponsor“赞助者”，该名词可数。根据空前的Two可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式。故填sponsors。 12． (专注于) in his games, he didn’t notice that someone was walking in. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全神贯注地玩游戏，没有注意到有人进来了。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语be absorbed in，结合句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，去掉be动词，保留过去分词。故填Absorbed。 13． (打败) by his partner, the young man didn’t lose heart. 【答案】Defeated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管被同伴打败了，这个年轻人没有灰心。“打败”用动词defeat，与主语 the young man之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Defeated。 14．In his opinion, he should have the new system (检查) as soon as possible. 【答案】examined 【详解】考查动词。句意：在他看来，他应该尽快检查新制度。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词examine“检查”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，句中的have是使役动词，后面的宾语the new system和examine是被动关系，用have sth done表示“让某物被……”，为过去分词作宾语补足语。故填examined。 15．What the survivors attempted to do was to build a (纪念碑) to the heroes who saved their lives. 【答案】memorial/monument 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸存者试图做的是为拯救他们生命的英雄建造一座纪念碑。“纪念碑”为名词memorial/monument作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填memorial/monument。 16．Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner   (打扰) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 【答案】interrupted 【详解】考查动词。句意：陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。“打扰”为动词interrupt，dinner和动词interrupt是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填interrupted。 17．The brain chemicals (释放) during exercise improve a person’s mood and help those who are stressed out. 【答案】released 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：运动中释放的大脑化学物质可以改善人的情绪，帮助那些压力过大的人。分析可知，此处为非谓语动词形式。根据汉语提示“释放”可知，此处应用动词release，release和逻辑主语chemicals是被动关系，用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填released。 18．The agreement marks a new (阶段) in international relations. 【答案】phase 【详解】考查名词。句意：这项协议标志着国际关系进入了一个新阶段。根据汉语提示可知应用名词phase，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填phase。 19．As we know, best friends are the (基础) of our life. 【答案】foundation 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，最好的朋友是我们生活的基础。分析可知，空处为the+名词+of结构，“基础”应为foundation，空前有定冠词the空处应用单数形式，故填foundation。 20．You will be (使符合资格) to your pension when you reach 65. 【答案】entitled 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：你到65岁时就有资格领取退休金了。“使符合资格”作谓语，用动词entitle，与主语You之间是被动关系，用过去分词与助动词will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填entitled。 21．The woman was (逮捕) for possession of illegal drugs by the police. 【答案】arrested 【详解】考查动词。句意：这名女子因持有非法毒品被警方逮捕。根据汉语提示，空处应用arrest，为及物动词。主语The woman和arrest之间是动宾关系，且空前有was，所以空处应用过去分词，构成被动语态，故填arrested。 22．These volunteers are (商定) with each other about garbage sorting. 【答案】negotiating 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些志愿者正在就垃圾分类问题相互协商。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词negotiate“商定”，满足句意要求，结合句意以及空前are可知，此处为现在进行时。故填negotiating。 23．The public demanded that the troops (撤离，退出) from the region. 【答案】(should) withdraw/(should) be withdrawn 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：公众要求军队撤出该地区。动词demanded后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。根据句意及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词withdraw，该动词可作不及物动词，“撤离，退出”的意思，故空处应填(should) withdraw；withdraw也可作及物动词，“使……撤离，使……退出”的意思，与句子主语the troops构成被动关系，故空处应填(should) be withdrawn。故填(should) withdraw或(should) be withdrawn。 24．One option is (探索) other planets to see if we could live on them. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查不定式。句意：一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否可以在它们上生活。explore意为“探索”，为及物动词。根据句意并分析句子结构，这里应用不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。故填to explore。 25．Practising yoga can help (使充满活力) your body and mind. 【答案】energise/energize 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：练习瑜伽可以使你的身心充满活力。根据句中谓语“can help”及句意可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式；动词短语help do sth表示“帮助做某事”，故空处应用动词原形，省略了to的动词不定式作宾语；energise/energize动词，表示“使充满活力”，符合句意。故填energise/energize。 26．After along discussion, I managed to (协商) a five percent pay increase with my boss. 【答案】negotiate 【详解】考查动词。句意：经过长时间的讨论，我设法与我的老板协商了百分之五的加薪。“协商”为动词negotiate，manage to do固定搭配，意为“设法做”，所以动词negotiate应用原形，故填negotiate。 27．Ms Wang listened to the report with a (混合) of joy and sadness. 【答案】mixture 【详解】考查名词。句意：王女士听了报告，喜忧参半。根据空前的a，这里应用名词作介词with的宾语，结合汉语提示，mixture混合，为可数名词，由a可知应用单数形式，a mixture of意为“……的混合”。故填mixture。 28．Our government has tried various channels to raise and (积累)social security funds(基金). 【答案】accumulate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我国政府通过多种途径筹集和积累社会保障基金。根据汉语提示可知应用动词accumulate，此处为不定式作目的状语，故填accumulate。 29．To meet the deadline of the project, John has been (延长) his sleep hour to midnight recently. 【答案】extending 【详解】考查动词和现在完成进行时。句意：为了赶上项目的最后期限，约翰最近一直把睡眠时间延长到半夜。根据“has been”和句意可知，本句为现在完成进行时，表示最近一直持续的动作，故空处应为动词的现在分词形式；extend动词，表示“延长”，符合句意。故填extending。 30． (谈判) a contract can be a complex process, requiring attention to detail and careful consideration of all the terms and conditions. 【答案】Negotiating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：合同谈判可能是一个复杂的过程，需要注意细节并仔细考虑所有条款和条件。根据中文提示和句意可知，表示“谈判”应用动词negotiate，且分析句子可知，此空应填动名词形式作主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Negotiating。 31．The search for a new vaccine will take (优先) over all other medical research. 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：寻找新疫苗将优先于所有其他医学研究。根据汉语提示“优先”，空处填名词priority，在句中作动词的宾语，构成固定短语take priority，表示“应优先考虑”。故填priority。 32．The best way to (获得) a foreign language is to communicate with foreigners whenever possible. 【答案】acquire 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：学习外语的最好方法是尽可能与外国人交流。way to do sth. (做某事的方法)，结合汉语提示，用动词acquire的动词原形形式。故填acquire。 33．But that changed on the first day of school this year when members of the Student (委员会) noticed that Andrew was eating alone and invited him to join them. 【答案】Council 【详解】考查名词。句意：但在今年开学的第一天，情况发生了变化，学生会的成员注意到安德鲁一个人吃饭，就邀请他一起吃饭。根据汉语提示及空前Student可知，此处用名词council，Student Council“学生会”是专有名词，首字母应大写，故填Council。 34．Currently in many towns (停车) is allowed only on one side of the street. 【答案】parking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：目前在许多城镇只允许在街道的一侧停车。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用动名词parking作主语表示“停车”符合语境。故填parking。 35．The government’s (优先处理的事) is to build more power plants. 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府的首要任务是建造更多的发电厂。根据汉语提示以及空格后的is可知，此处填入名词priority做句子的主语。故填priority。 36．Many development projects now give (优先) to agricultural and rural development. 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在许多发展项目都把农业和农村发展放在优先位置。根据汉语提示可知，priority优先，优先权，不可数名词，在句中作宾语。故填priority。 37．From the terminal building Tom returned to the (停车) lot. 【答案】parking 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：汤姆从候机楼回到停车场。根据汉语意思提示以及空前定冠词the可知，此处为名词短语parking lot“停车场”，满足句意要求。故填parking。 38．The manager suggests that we first build up a detailed (简介，档案) of our customers and their requirements. 【答案】profile 【详解】考查名词。句意：经理建议我们首先应该创建一个有关我们客户及其要求的详细档案。根据汉语提示及“a detailed”可知，空处需填单数名词，profile作名词，表示“记载个人喜好，特点等的档案，用户资料”符合句意。故填profile。 39．It took him a long time to (获得) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 【答案】acquire/gain/obtain/win/achieve/get 【详解】考查动词。句意：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。根据汉语提示“获得”以及前文to可知，此处应用动词原形acquire/gain/obtain/win/achieve/get构成不定式短语作真正的主语，it takes sb some time to do sth是固定句型。故填acquire/gain/obtain/win/achieve/get。 40．Before we (抛弃)the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies. 【答案】abandoned/deserted 【详解】考查动词。句意：在我们弃船之前，Shackleton冷静地把我们叫到一起，告诉我们去抢救最基本的物资。根据汉语提示“抛弃”以及前文we可知，此处应用动词abandon或desert作谓语，根据句意和后文called可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填abandoned/deserted。 41．Professor Churchill just (概述) his research and encouraged us to find more on his website. 【答案】profiled 【详解】考查动词。句意：丘吉尔教授刚刚概述了他的研究，并鼓励我们在他的网站上找到更多信息。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合后面encouraged，可知动词用一般过去时。根据汉语提示“概述”，profiled符合题意。故填profiled。 42．Teddy decided to hire several (侦探) to look into the case. 【答案】detectives 【详解】考查名词。句意：Teddy决定雇一些侦探调查这个案件。空处应填名词作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，detective侦探，是可数名词，由several可知应用复数形式。故填detectives。 43．Our top (头等大事) is to improve standards. 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的首要任务是提高标准。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为priority；设空处在句中作主语，应用名词的形式，根据谓语is，可知设空处应用名词单数的形式。故填priority。 44．They lost their way in the (沙漠) and died of hunger and thirst. 【答案】desert 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在沙漠中迷了路，又饥又渴而死。根据汉语提示“沙漠”以及前文in the可知，此处应用名词desert作介词宾语，根据句意，用单数。故填desert。 45．He makes the wines and (管理) the vineyards. 【答案】supervises 【详解】考查动词。句意：他酿造葡萄酒，管理葡萄园。分析句子可知，该空在句中作并列谓语成分；makes 表明用一般现在时，“管理”为supervise，由于主语He为第三人称单数，谓语也应用单数。故填supervises。 46．The mayor (辞职) suddenly after years of service, citing personal reasons for his departure. 【答案】resigned 【详解】考查动词。句意：市长在多年服务后突然辞职，并提及其离职原因是个人因素。根据所给汉语意思可知，空处应填resign“辞职”，描述过去的一次性动作应用一般过去时。故填resigned。 47．The doctors held a (会诊) to decide whether an operation was necessary. 【答案】consultation 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生们进行了会诊以决定是否需要动手术。根据汉语提示“会诊”可知，此处使用名词consultation，结合空前的a可知，应用名词单数形式，作held的宾语。故填consultation。 48．Do you know anyone with a mental (伤残；残疾)? 【答案】disability 【详解】考查名词。句意：你认识有心理障碍的人吗? “伤残；残疾”作宾语，用名词disability，结合冠词a可知，用单数形式。故填disability。 49．There were fine (皱纹)around her eyes. 【答案】wrinkles 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：她的眼睛周围有了鱼尾纹。分析句子并根据谓语动词“were”可知，空处应为名词复数，作主语；wrinkle表示“皱纹”，为可数名词，符合句意。故填wrinkles。 50．In my opinion, all the common people (值得；应得) more attention than pop stars. 【答案】deserve 【详解】考查动词。句意：在我看来，所有的普通人都比流行歌星更值得关注。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词deserve，句子陈述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语是people，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填deserve。 二、选词填空（共50个小题，每题1分） have an urge to,feel like,fall away,draw a breath,turn out,due to, pros and cons,take over,superior to,conflict with 51．The chances are that this book may to be the best seller of our time. 52．Would you coming along with us to the concert this Sunday? 53．As the step rocket goes up, some of the stages at the side . 54．My brother , determined that he would go on climbing. 55．The town was cut off from the rest of the world the heavy snow. 56．The vacation is coming and I travel around the world. 57．The statements they gave to the police each other. 58．Was it in 1948 that the Government the railways in Great Britain? 59．They sat for hours debating the of setting up their own firm. 60．It cannot be questioned that the new method is the old one. 【答案】 51．turn out 52．feel like 53．fall away 54．drew a breath 55．due to 56．have an urge to 57．conflicted with 58．took over 59．pros and cons 60．superior to 【解析】51．考查动词短语。句意：这本书可能会成为我们这个时代的畅销书。结合句意可知，动词短语turn out符合题意，意为“结果是，证明是”，情态动词may后接动词原形。故填turn out。 52．考查动词短语。句意：这个星期天你想和我们一起去听音乐会吗？结合句意及空后的coming可知，feel like符合题意，feel like doing sth想要做某事，句首有情态动词Would，空处用动词原形。故填feel like。 53．考查动词短语。句意：当多级火箭上升时，侧面的几级火箭就会脱落。结合句意可知，动词短语fall away符合题意，意为“（逐渐）减少，消失”，由从句中goes可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语some of the stages表示复数意义，谓语动词用原形，故填fall away。 54．考查动词短语。句意：我哥哥深吸一口气，决定继续攀登。结合句意可知，动词短语draw a breath符合题意，意为“深吸一口气”，由would可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填drew a breath。 55．考查固定短语。句意：由于大雪，这个城镇与外界的联系被切断了。结合句意可知，固定短语due to符合题意，意为“由于”，故填due to。 56．考查动词短语。句意：假期就要来了，我很想去环游世界。结合句意可知，动词短语have an urge to符合题意，意为“想要做某事”。句子是一般现在时，主语是第一人称I，谓语动词用原形。故填have an urge to。 57．考查动词短语。句意：他们向警方提供的证词相互矛盾。结合句意可知，动词短语conflict with符合题意，意为“与……冲突，与……矛盾”，句子用一般过去时，故填conflicted with。 58．考查动词短语。句意：政府是在1948年接管了英国的铁路吗？结合句意可知，动词短语take over符合题意，意为“接管，接收”，由in 1948可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填took over。 59．考查固定短语。句意：他们坐了好几个小时，讨论成立自己公司的利弊。结合句意可知，固定短语pros and cons符合题意，意为“利弊，优缺点”，故填pros and cons。 60．考查固定短语。句意：新方法比旧方法好，这是毫无疑问的。结合句意可知，固定短语superior to符合题意，意为“优于，胜过”，故填superior to。 61．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood . 62．We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves . 63．She was overwhelmed with fear what she had done. 64．My brother was much older and cleverer than me, so I always held him . 65．Of course you want to your doctor before you take any of the tips in this article. 66．To be seen crying sadly, the little boy raised his head and had the tears falling down . 67．Those who seek to grab power deserve punishment. 68．The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal . 69．The two political parties have been since the election. 70．Pipe smokers sometimes the tips of their teeth where they grip their pipes. 【答案】 61．in ruins 62．at risk 63．at the thought of 64．in awe 65．consult with 66．on purpose 67．through violence 68．wear and tear 69．in conflict 70．wear down 【解析】61．考查词组。句意：第二天，当他们返回洛克韦时，发现他们的居住地附近已成废墟。根据句意可知，空格处填in ruins“严重受损、成为废墟”，作宾语补足语，符合语境。故填in ruins。 62．考查词组。句意：我们必须找到一种方法来让更多的人合格，而不是让自己处于危险之中。根据句意可知，空格处填at risk“处于危险之中”，作宾语补足语，符合语境。故填at risks。 63．考查词组。句意：一想到自己所做的事，她就吓得不知所措。根据句意可知，空格处填at the thought of“一想到……”，作状语，符合语境。故填at the thought of。 64．考查词组。句意：我哥哥比我大得多，也比我聪明得多，所以我一直对他怀有敬畏之情。根据句意可知，空格处填in awe“敬畏，惊叹”，作宾语补足语，符合语境。故填in awe。 65．考查词组。句意：当然，在您使用本文中的任何提示之前，您需要同您的医生商议。根据句意可知，空格处填consult with“与某人相商、商议”，不定式作宾语，符合语境。故填consult with。 66．考查词组。句意：为了让人看到他悲伤地哭泣，小男孩抬起头，故意让眼泪流下来。根据句意可知，空格处填on purpose“故意地”，作状语，符合语境。故填on purpose。 67．考查词组。句意：那些试图通过暴力夺取权力的人应该受到惩罚。根据句意可知，空格处填through violence“通过包暴力”，作状语，符合语境。故填through violence。 68．考查词组。句意：保险单不包括正常磨损造成的损坏。根据句意可知，空格处填wear and tear“（正常的）磨损”，作介词宾语，符合语境。故填wear and tear。 69．考查词组。句意：自选举以来，这两个政党一直处于冲突之中。根据句意可知，空格处填in conflict“处于矛盾、冲突之中”，作表语，符合语境。故填in conflict。 70．考查词组。句意：吸烟者有时会在握住烟斗的地方磨掉牙尖。根据句意可知，空格处填wear down“磨平”，作谓语，符合语境。故填wear down。 develop relations with,come true,set sail,search for,withdraw from,in a league of,in hand,for the benefit of,put...into operation,in return 71．While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers,the drivers of New York are their own. 72．It took me great efforts to get these books . 73．Christopher Columbus for the New World in the Santa Maria. 74．Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to survivors in an earthquake. 75．The company has decided to some of its sports sponsorship because of lacking money. 76．Our organization is in need of people who are willing to work the community. 77．Cheaper energy conservation techniques have been in the developed world. 78．We will continue to improve and the developed countries. 79．As long as you are confident,I believe your dream is sure to . 80．These are gestures of genuine friendship with no favours expected . 【答案】 71．in a league of 72．in hand 73．set sail 74．search for 75．withdraw from 76．for the benefit of 77．put into operation 78．develop relations with 79．come true 80．in return 【解析】71．考查短语搭配。句意：虽然乘客们喜欢抱怨出租车司机，但纽约的司机们却各自为政。分析句子可知，此处考查be in a league of one's own，表“独树一帜”，为固定短语搭配。故填in a league of。 72．考查短语搭配。句意：我费了很大的劲才把这些书拿到手。根据句子分析可知，此空应选in hand，而get sth in hand表“掌握某事”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填in hand。 73．考查时态。句意：克里斯托弗·哥伦布在圣玛丽亚号启航前往新大陆。由后文“for the New World”可知，此空应选set sail表“起航”。根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填set sail。 74．考查短语搭配。句意：狗有很好的嗅觉，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。由后文“survivors in an earthquake”可知，此空应选search for表“寻找”，符合语境，且根据句子分析知这里应用动词原形构成不定式。故填search for。 75．考查短语搭配。句意：由于缺乏资金，该公司已决定退出部分体育赞助。由后文“because of lacking money”可知，此空应选withdraw from表“退出”，符合语境,且根据句子分析知这里应用动词原形构成不定式。故填withdraw from。 76．考查短语搭配。句意：我们的组织需要愿意为社区利益而工作的人。由后文“the community”可知，此空应选for the benefit of，而for the benefit of community表“为了社区的利益”，符合语境。故填for the benefit of。 77．考查短语搭配。句意：较便宜的节能技术已在发达国家投入使用。由前文“ techniques ”可知，此空应选put… into operation表“把……投入运行”，符合语境，且根据句子分析这里应用被动语态。故填put into operation。 78．考查短语搭配。句意：我们将继续改善和发展与发达国家的关系。由后文的“the developed countries”和句意可知，此空应选develop relations with表“与……发展关系”，符合语境且与and前improve并列，应填动词原形。故填develop relations with。 79．考查短语搭配。句意：只要你有信心，我相信你的梦想一定会实现。由前文“your dream ”可知，此空应选come true表“实现”，符合语境，且根据句子分析知这里应用动词原形构成不定式。故填come true。 80．考查短语搭配。句意：这些都是真诚友谊的姿态，不需要回报。由前文“ expected”可知，此空应选in return表“回报”，符合语境。故填in return。 in an attempt to,    long to,    compare to,    hunt for,    take... for granted, result in,    be crucial to,    stick to,    be bound to,    make an important breakthrough 81． just a few years ago, private companies are now generally much bigger and easier to do deals with. 82．Lack of good preparation his bad performance in the interview. 83．Tom asked me how to satisfactory items on Double 11 Shopping Carnival. 84．It’s clear that the support from the local government the success of the project. 85．I frequently change my plans and find that a schedule is boring. 86．Have you ever given false information protect your privacy online? 87．The Great Western Development be a bridge between China and the rest world. 88．Scientists in the treatment of heart disease so far. 89．That young girl is always find a job in a big city and settle down. 90．We shouldn’t what he did . 【答案】 81．Compared to 82．resulted in 83．hunt for 84．is crucial to 85．sticking to 86．in an attempt to 87．is bound to 88．have made an important breakthrough 89．longing to 90． take for granted 【解析】81．考查非谓语动词。句意：与几年前相比，现在的私营公司通常规模更大，交易更容易。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。Compared to置于句首，意为“与……相比”，可视为独立成分，在句中作状语。故填Compared to。 82．考查时态。句意：缺乏良好的准备导致他在面试中表现不佳。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句子已给成分，Lack of good preparation在句中作主语，his bad performance在句中作宾语，且构成因果关系。所以result in意为“导致、引起”复合句意。句子的时态为一般过去时。故填resulted in。 83．考查动词原形。句意：汤姆问我如何在双11购物狂欢节上寻找令人满意的商品。分析句子可知，how to do作宾语，空格处应填入动词原形。根据空格后的宾语“satisfactory items”可知，hunt for意为“寻找”复合句意。故填hunt for。 84．考查时态。句意：很明显，地方政府的支持对项目的成功至关重要。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意“地方政府的支持对项目的成功至关重要”，be crucial to意为“对……至关重要”，符合句意，且句子时态为一般现在时，主语是“he support from the local government”表单数。故填is crucial to。 85．考查动名词。句意：我经常改变计划，发现坚持时间表很无聊。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词作从句主语。结合句意，stick to意为“坚持”符合句意。故填sticking to。 86．考查介词短语。句意：您是否曾提供虚假信息以试图保护您的在线隐私？分析句子可知，空格处应填入的词与后面“protect your privacy online”一起作状语。in an attempt to意为“为了……”表目的，符合句意。故填in an attempt to。 87．考查动词短语。句意：西部大开发必将成为中国与世界各国之间的桥梁。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。be bound to do意为“一定会做某事”。根据空格后的动词原形“be”可知，be bound to符合句意。主语是The Great Western Development，表单数，且时态为一般现在时。故填is bound to。 88．考查时态。句意：迄今为止，科学家们在心脏病的治疗方面取得了重大突破。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。make an important breakthrough意为“取得重大突破”符合句意。根据句中“so far”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语复数。故填have made an important breakthrough。 89．考查动词短语。句意：那个年轻女孩总是渴望在大城市找到一份工作并安顿下来。long to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。根据空格前的“is”可知，此处应用现在分词形式构成现在进行时态。故填longing to。 90．考查动词短语。句意：我们不应该认为他所做的是理所当然的。take sth. for granted意为“认为……理所应当”，符合句意。故填①take ②for granted。 agree with, refer to, attend to, apply for, be popular with, focus on, in spite of, make the most of, respond to, kind of 91．Land art, sometimes as Earth art, is made directly in the landscape by sculpting the land itself or by making structures in the landscape with natural materials. 92．If I had seen the advertisement last week, I would the job. 93．The witness’s account of the car crash did not the driver’s statement. 94．Nowadays, cross­border e-­commerce goods such as cosmetics and drinks many young customers. 95．It was then that Carrie had to divide her energies between caring for her baby and her parents. 96．We must our youth and strike while the iron is hot. 97．People do not merely passively the world. 98． his disappointment, he managed a weak smile. 99．Well, I think rap music is cool, and the rhythm is easy to dance to. 100．I pushed aside my sorrow, forcing myself to the coming test. 【答案】 91．referred to 92．have applied for 93．agree with 94．are popular with 95．attending to 96．make the most of 97．respond to 98．In spite of 99．kind of 100．focus on 【解析】91．考查动词短语。句意：大地艺术，有时也被称为Earth art，是直接在景观中通过雕刻土地本身或用自然材料在景观中制作结构而制成的。结合句意可知，此处指“被称作”，refer to...as把……称作，和Land art之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填referred to。 92．考查动词短语。句意：如果我上周看到那则广告，我就申请那份工作了。根据句意及空后的“the job”可知，此处指“申请那份工作”，apply for申请，句子是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，主句用“would have done”，故填have applied for。 93．考查动词短语。句意：目击者对车祸的描述与司机的陈述不一致。结合句意可知，此处指“目击者对车祸的描述与司机的陈述不一致”，agree with与……一致，did not后接动词原形。故填agree with。 94．考查固定短语。句意：如今，化妆品和饮料等跨境电商商品受到许多年轻顾客的欢迎。结合句意可知，此处指“受欢迎”，be popular with受到……的欢迎，根据“Nowadays”可知句子用一般现在时，主语goods是名词复数，be动词用are。故填are popular with。 95．考查动词短语。句意：就是在那时，Carrie不得不把精力分别用于照顾孩子和照顾父母。根据句意及“caring for her baby”可知，此处指“照顾父母”，attend to照顾，空处和“caring for”并列，应用动名词形式，故填attending to。 96．考查动词短语。句意：我们必须充分利用我们的青春，趁热打铁。根据句意及“strike while the iron is hot”可知，此处指“充分利用我们的青春”，make the most of充分利用，must后接动词原形。故填make the most of。 97．考查动词短语。句意：人们对世界的反应不仅仅是被动的。结合句意可知，此处指“对世界的反应”，respond to对……作出反应，空前有助动词的否定式do not，故空处用动词原形。故填respond to。 98．考查固定短语。句意：尽管很失望，他还是勉强笑了笑。结合句意可知，此处表示让步关系，in spite of尽管，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填In spite of。 99．考查固定短语。句意：嗯，我认为说唱音乐很酷，而且节奏很容易跟着跳舞。根据“and the rhythm is easy to dance to.”可知，此处指“我认为说唱音乐很酷”，kind of有点，稍微，修饰形容词cool。故填kind of。 100．考查动词短语。句意：我把悲伤放在一边，强迫自己专注于即将到来的考试。根据“I pushed aside my sorrow”可知，此处指“强迫自己专注于即将到来的考试”，focus on专注于，空前的to是不定式符号，故空处用动词原形。故填focus on。 三、精选常考课标词汇单句语法填空（共 10个小题，每题1分） 101．It (calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. 【答案】is calculated/has been calculated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据计算，未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长。It作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，即“未来几年世界人口可能会缓慢增长”这件事，与“计算”之间为被动关系，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态is calculated，也可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作已经完成，也可填has been calculated。故填is calculated/has been calculated。 102．Since the new mayor came to power, the use of single-use plastic bags (ban) in many cities to reduce environmental pollution. 【答案】has been banned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自从新市长上台以来，许多城市都禁止使用一次性塑料袋，以减少环境污染。根据时间状语从句Since the new mayor came to power可知，这里应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，还有可能继续下去。主语the use of single-use plastic bags和ban之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语的中心词是use，所以助动词应用has。故填has been banned。 103．The medical team (comprise) of 30 doctors and nurses has been sent to the remote mountainous areas. 【答案】comprised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由30名医生和护士组成的医疗队已被派往偏远山区。分析句子可知，has been sent为谓语，空处为非谓语动词，The rescue team与comprise构成被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语；be comprised of意为“由……组成”。故填comprised。 104．The scientists, (commit) to exploring Mars, found no sign of life there. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于探索火星的科学家们在那里没有发现生命的迹象。be committed to表示 “致力于，投身于”，此处是过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰名词The scientists。故填committed。 105．He find it both challenging and rewarding (accompany) children in many aspects. 【答案】to accompany 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现在许多方面陪伴孩子既具有挑战性，又有回报。分析句子可知，it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to accompany。 106．Another sportsperson that should (applaud) is Jessica Ennis-Hill. 【答案】be applauded 【详解】考查语态。句意：另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯-希尔。should后接动词原形。先行词Another sportsperson在定语从句中作主语，且与applause之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填be applauded。 107．Hearing the news, she was dying (congratulate) her husband on passing the driving test. 【答案】to congratulate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听到这个消息，她迫不及待地祝贺丈夫通过了驾驶考试。be dying to do sth.“渴望做某事”，本空应用congratulate“祝贺”的不定式形式。故填to congratulate。   108．It didn’t take long for news of his (resign) to get around. 【答案】resignation 【详解】考查名词。句意：没过多久他辞职的消息就传开了。结合空格前的his可知此处使用resign的名词作宾语，需要的词义为“辞职”，即resignation，它为不可数名词，故填resignation。 109． (accuse) of giving away the secret of the company, the secretary will be fired. 【答案】Accused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被控泄露公司机密，这位秘书将被解雇。逻辑主语the secretary与accuse之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作状语。故填Accused。 110．Some people feel that high school students benefit from (participate) in organized sports, while others feel that sports is a waste of time. 【答案】participating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：一些人认为高中生从参加有组织的体育运动中受益，而另一些人则认为体育运动是浪费时间。介词 from后接动名词作宾语，故填participating。 四、语篇填空（共 10个空，每空1分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When talking about a great job, what comes into your mind first? A brilliant scientist? An creative artist? As for Charles, he goes all out to be 111 outstanding chef. Prior 112 becoming a famous cook, he took a course about how to prepare delicious cuisine. The course 113 (consist) of several parts, one of which was how to improve his general 114 (competent). At first Charles had to practice slicing off carrots, 115 was rather boring. 116 (general) speaking, it will take a beginner half a year 117 (grasp) the basics. To be exceptional, he persisted and later he could even make elegant cakes 118 (stuff) with fresh fruits. Being an excellent and 119 (motivate) cook also means calling on people to consume what they really need and attempting to reduce waste to a minimum. As to Charles, a cook should make the most of the food material and raise people’s environmental awareness in the process. After years of experience, Charles 120 (qualify) to be one of the most noted chefs and fulfilled his dream. 【答案】 111．an 112．to 113．consisted 114．competence 115．which 116．Generally 117．to grasp 118．stuffed 119．motivated 120．was qualified 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了查尔斯是如何为了成为一名出色的厨师而努力的。 111．考查冠词。句意：至于查尔斯，他努力成为一名出色的厨师。chef为泛指，且outstanding是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 112．考查介词。句意：在成为一名著名的厨师之前，他参加了一门关于如何准备美味佳肴的课程。短语prior to表示“在……之前”。故填to。 113．考查时态。句意：课程由几个部分组成，其中一个部分是如何提高他的综合能力。结合上文took可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填consisted。 114．考查名词。句意：课程由几个部分组成，其中一个部分是如何提高他的综合能力。作动词的宾语用名词competence，不可数。故填competence。 115．考查定语从句。句意：起初，查尔斯不得不练习切胡萝卜，这相当无聊。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故填which。 116．考查副词。句意：一般来说，初学者掌握基本知识需要半年的时间。短语generally speaking表示“一般来说”，首字母大写。故填Generally。 117．考查非谓语动词。句意：一般来说，初学者掌握基本知识需要半年的时间。此处为句型it will take sb. some time to do sth.表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故填to grasp。 118．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了与众不同，他坚持不懈，后来他甚至能做出用新鲜水果填充的优雅蛋糕。此处stuff与cakes构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填stuffed。 119．考查形容词。句意：作为一名优秀的、积极进取的厨师也意味着号召人们吃他们真正需要的东西，并努力将浪费减少到最低限度。修饰名词cook，作定语用形容词motivated。故填motivated。 120．考查时态语态。句意：经过多年的经验，查尔斯有资格成为最著名的厨师之一，实现了他的梦想。主语Charles与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文After years of experience可知发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was qualified。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题15常考课标词汇检测小卷（选择性必修四） （满分120分）（时间60分钟） 一、单词拼写（共 50个小题，每题1分） 1．Due to his excellent performance at work, he was (晋升) to the position of manager. 2．While hiking in the mountains, he (咬) on the leg by a snake. 3．Yang Liwei was (挑选) as an astronaut candidate in 1998 and had been Trained for spaceflight. 4．His lawyers are confident that the judges will (宣布) him innocent. 5．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be (解雇) next week. 6．The image of the tree was (反射) in the still lake. 7．His name was not (提到) to in the report. 8．To some, happiness is being (环绕) by family and friends. 9．It has been (确认) that effective measures will be taken to ban illegal hunting. 10．The details of the scene were (显出) in front of me: the soft sunlight, a bird singing from a high tree branch, the rich and earthy smell of the soil after the rain. 11．Two wealthy (赞助者) came to our rescue with generous donations. 12． (专注于) in his games, he didn’t notice that someone was walking in. 13． (打败) by his partner, the young man didn’t lose heart. 14．In his opinion, he should have the new system (检查) as soon as possible. 15．What the survivors attempted to do was to build a (纪念碑) to the heroes who saved their lives. 16．Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner   (打扰) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 17．The brain chemicals (释放) during exercise improve a person’s mood and help those who are stressed out. 18．The agreement marks a new (阶段) in international relations. 19．As we know, best friends are the (基础) of our life. 20．You will be (使符合资格) to your pension when you reach 65. 21．The woman was (逮捕) for possession of illegal drugs by the police. 22．These volunteers are (商定) with each other about garbage sorting. 23．The public demanded that the troops (撤离，退出) from the region. 24．One option is (探索) other planets to see if we could live on them. 25．Practising yoga can help (使充满活力) your body and mind. 26．After along discussion, I managed to (协商) a five percent pay increase with my boss. 27．Ms Wang listened to the report with a (混合) of joy and sadness. 28．Our government has tried various channels to raise and (积累)social security funds(基金). 29．To meet the deadline of the project, John has been (延长) his sleep hour to midnight recently. 30． (谈判) a contract can be a complex process, requiring attention to detail and careful consideration of all the terms and conditions. 31．The search for a new vaccine will take (优先) over all other medical research. 32．The best way to (获得) a foreign language is to communicate with foreigners whenever possible. 33．But that changed on the first day of school this year when members of the Student (委员会) noticed that Andrew was eating alone and invited him to join them. 34．Currently in many towns (停车) is allowed only on one side of the street. 35．The government’s (优先处理的事) is to build more power plants. 36．Many development projects now give (优先) to agricultural and rural development. 37．From the terminal building Tom returned to the (停车) lot. 38．The manager suggests that we first build up a detailed (简介，档案) of our customers and their requirements. 39．It took him a long time to (获得) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 40．Before we (抛弃)the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies. 41．Professor Churchill just (概述) his research and encouraged us to find more on his website. 42．Teddy decided to hire several (侦探) to look into the case. 43．Our top (头等大事) is to improve standards. 44．They lost their way in the (沙漠) and died of hunger and thirst. 45．He makes the wines and (管理) the vineyards. 46．The mayor (辞职) suddenly after years of service, citing personal reasons for his departure. 47．The doctors held a (会诊) to decide whether an operation was necessary. 48．Do you know anyone with a mental (伤残；残疾)? 49．There were fine (皱纹)around her eyes. 50．In my opinion, all the common people (值得；应得) more attention than pop stars. 二、选词填空（共50个小题，每题1分） have an urge to,feel like,fall away,draw a breath,turn out,due to, pros and cons,take over,superior to,conflict with 51．The chances are that this book may to be the best seller of our time. 52．Would you coming along with us to the concert this Sunday? 53．As the step rocket goes up, some of the stages at the side . 54．My brother , determined that he would go on climbing. 55．The town was cut off from the rest of the world the heavy snow. 56．The vacation is coming and I travel around the world. 57．The statements they gave to the police each other. 58．Was it in 1948 that the Government the railways in Great Britain? 59．They sat for hours debating the of setting up their own firm. 60．It cannot be questioned that the new method is the old one. 61．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood . 62．We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves . 63．She was overwhelmed with fear what she had done. 64．My brother was much older and cleverer than me, so I always held him . 65．Of course you want to your doctor before you take any of the tips in this article. 66．To be seen crying sadly, the little boy raised his head and had the tears falling down . 67．Those who seek to grab power deserve punishment. 68．The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal . 69．The two political parties have been since the election. 70．Pipe smokers sometimes the tips of their teeth where they grip their pipes. develop relations with,come true,set sail,search for,withdraw from,in a league of,in hand,for the benefit of,put...into operation,in return 71．While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers,the drivers of New York are their own. 72．It took me great efforts to get these books . 73．Christopher Columbus for the New World in the Santa Maria. 74．Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to survivors in an earthquake. 75．The company has decided to some of its sports sponsorship because of lacking money. 76．Our organization is in need of people who are willing to work the community. 77．Cheaper energy conservation techniques have been in the developed world. 78．We will continue to improve and the developed countries. 79．As long as you are confident,I believe your dream is sure to . 80．These are gestures of genuine friendship with no favours expected . in an attempt to,    long to,    compare to,    hunt for,    take... for granted, result in,    be crucial to,    stick to,    be bound to,    make an important breakthrough 81． just a few years ago, private companies are now generally much bigger and easier to do deals with. 82．Lack of good preparation his bad performance in the interview. 83．Tom asked me how to satisfactory items on Double 11 Shopping Carnival. 84．It’s clear that the support from the local government the success of the project. 85．I frequently change my plans and find that a schedule is boring. 86．Have you ever given false information protect your privacy online? 87．The Great Western Development be a bridge between China and the rest world. 88．Scientists in the treatment of heart disease so far. 89．That young girl is always find a job in a big city and settle down. 90．We shouldn’t what he did . agree with, refer to, attend to, apply for, be popular with, focus on, in spite of, make the most of, respond to, kind of 91．Land art, sometimes as Earth art, is made directly in the landscape by sculpting the land itself or by making structures in the landscape with natural materials. 92．If I had seen the advertisement last week, I would the job. 93．The witness’s account of the car crash did not the driver’s statement. 94．Nowadays, cross­border e-­commerce goods such as cosmetics and drinks many young customers. 95．It was then that Carrie had to divide her energies between caring for her baby and her parents. 96．We must our youth and strike while the iron is hot. 97．People do not merely passively the world. 98． his disappointment, he managed a weak smile. 99．Well, I think rap music is cool, and the rhythm is easy to dance to. 100．I pushed aside my sorrow, forcing myself to the coming test. 三、精选常考课标词汇单句语法填空（共 10个小题，每题1分） 101．It (calculate) that the world’s population may increase slowly in the coming years. 102．Since the new mayor came to power, the use of single-use plastic bags (ban) in many cities to reduce environmental pollution. 103．The medical team (comprise) of 30 doctors and nurses has been sent to the remote mountainous areas. 104．The scientists, (commit) to exploring Mars, found no sign of life there. 105．He find it both challenging and rewarding (accompany) children in many aspects. 106．Another sportsperson that should (applaud) is Jessica Ennis-Hill. 107．Hearing the news, she was dying (congratulate) her husband on passing the driving test. 108．It didn’t take long for news of his (resign) to get around. 109． (accuse) of giving away the secret of the company, the secretary will be fired. 110．Some people feel that high school students benefit from (participate) in organized sports, while others feel that sports is a waste of time. 四、语篇填空（共 10个空，每空1分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When talking about a great job, what comes into your mind first? A brilliant scientist? An creative artist? As for Charles, he goes all out to be 111 outstanding chef. Prior 112 becoming a famous cook, he took a course about how to prepare delicious cuisine. The course 113 (consist) of several parts, one of which was how to improve his general 114 (competent). At first Charles had to practice slicing off carrots, 115 was rather boring. 116 (general) speaking, it will take a beginner half a year 117 (grasp) the basics. To be exceptional, he persisted and later he could even make elegant cakes 118 (stuff) with fresh fruits. Being an excellent and 119 (motivate) cook also means calling on people to consume what they really need and attempting to reduce waste to a minimum. As to Charles, a cook should make the most of the food material and raise people’s environmental awareness in the process. After years of experience, Charles 120 (qualify) to be one of the most noted chefs and fulfilled his dream. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$