14.Unit 3 Keep Fit(主题阅读)-2024-2025学年下学期七年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024)

2024-2025学年下学期七年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 3 Keep Fit主题阅读 必备知识清单 一、主题解读 关于保持健康的最佳方式的阅读主要围绕‌均衡饮食、适量运动和充足睡眠‌这三个核心要点展开‌。首先，均衡饮食被强调为保持健康的基础。这意味着要吃多种多样的食物，特别是新鲜的水果和蔬菜，因为它们富含维生素和矿物质，对身体健康至关重要。同时，应避免过多摄入高脂肪、高糖分的食物，以及减少烟酒等有害物质的摄入‌‌‌。其次，适量运动也是保持健康的重要方式。运动不仅可以增强体质，提高身体素质，还能帮助放松身心，缓解压力。例如，可以在暑假去游泳，或者晚饭后散步，这些都是很好的运动方式‌‌‌。最后，充足的睡眠对于健康同样重要。缺乏睡眠会导致疲劳、注意力不集中，甚至影响身体健康。因此，要养成早睡早起的好习惯，确保每天有足够的睡眠时间‌‌。 二、语篇特征 关于保持健康的最佳方式的阅读语篇通常具有以下特征：（1）主题明确，聚焦健康‌。这类语篇的核心话题是“如何保持健康”，直接关联到学生的日常生活和切身利益，易于引起学生的兴趣和共鸣‌。（2）内容全面，涵盖多个方面‌。语篇通常从饮食、运动、生活习惯等多个角度阐述保持健康的方法。例如，强调均衡饮食的重要性，建议多吃不同种类的食物和新鲜果蔬；提倡适量运动，以增强体质和放松心情；同时，也会提到避免不良习惯，如吸烟、饮酒等。（3）结构清晰，条理分明‌。语篇往往采用总分或分总的结构，先总体介绍保持健康的重要性，然后分点阐述具体方法，最后可能总结强调。这种结构有助于学生快速把握文章主旨和要点。（4）语言简洁明了，易于理解‌。语篇中的句子结构通常较为简单，词汇也多为初中生所熟悉，便于学生阅读和理解。同时，语篇中可能会使用举例、对比等手法，使内容更加生动具体‌。（5），注重实用性和指导性‌。这类语篇不仅提供保持健康的知识，更重要的是给出具体可行的建议和方法，指导学生如何在日常生活中实践这些健康习惯。例如，建议学生早睡早起、不熬夜，参加运动强身健体等。 【语篇示例】 In our busy lives, sports play a vital role in keeping us healthy and happy. They are not just about winning or losing; they are an essential part of a balanced lifestyle. First and foremost, sports help us stay physically fit. When we play sports, our bodies get the exercise they need to stay strong and healthy. We breathe in fresh air, our hearts pump blood more efficiently, and our muscles get stronger. Regular participation in sports can also prevent many health problems, such as obesity and heart disease. Besides physical benefits, sports also have a positive impact on our mental health. Playing sports can reduce stress and anxiety. When we are active, our bodies release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. This helps us feel happier and more relaxed. Moreover, sports teach us discipline, teamwork, and perseverance. These qualities are not only important in sports but also in our daily lives. Furthermore, sports provide us with opportunities to make new friends and socialize. Whether it's a team sport like basketball or an individual sport like swimming, we can meet people who share the same interests and passions. Through sports, we learn to communicate and cooperate with others, which are essential skills for our future. In conclusion, sports are crucial for our overall development. They keep us physically fit, mentally healthy, and socially active. So, let's embrace sports and make them a part of our daily lives. Remember, a healthy body nurtures a healthy mind! 参考译文： 在我们繁忙的生活中，运动在保持我们的健康和快乐方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们不仅仅关乎输赢；它们是平衡生活方式的重要组成部分。 首先，运动有助于我们保持身体健康。当我们进行体育运动时，我们的身体得到了保持强壮和健康所需的锻炼。我们呼吸新鲜空气，我们的心脏更有效地泵血，我们的肌肉变得更强壮。定期参加体育运动也可以预防许多健康问题，如肥胖和心脏病。 除了身体上的好处，运动对我们的心理健康也有积极的影响。运动可以减轻压力和焦虑。当我们活动时，我们的身体会释放内啡肽，这是一种天然的情绪提升剂。这有助于我们感到更快乐、更放松。此外，运动教会我们纪律、团队合作和毅力。这些品质不仅在体育运动中很重要，而且在我们的日常生活中也很重要。 此外，体育为我们提供了结交新朋友和社交的机会。无论是篮球这样的团队运动，还是游泳这样的个人运动，我们都可以遇到有着共同兴趣和激情的人。通过体育运动，我们学会了与他人沟通与合作，这是我们未来的基本技能。 总之，体育对我们的全面发展至关重要。它们让我们保持身体健康、精神健康和社交活跃。所以，让我们拥抱体育，让它们成为我们日常生活的一部分。记住，健康的身体孕育健康的心灵！ 重点词汇： breathe in吸入；吸气 fresh air新鲜空气 heart disease心脏病 impact on影响；对…冲击 mental health心理健康；精神卫生 三、主题词汇 1.健康状态与行为‌ ‌keep healthy/fit保持健康‌ ‌build up one’s strength/body‌强身健体‌ ‌take an active part in physical exercise‌积极参加体育锻炼‌ ‌take regular exercise‌经常锻炼‌ 2.饮食习惯‌ ‌healthy eating habits‌健康的饮食习惯‌ ‌balanced diet‌均衡饮食‌ ‌keep a balanced diet‌保持均衡饮食‌ 3.运动与锻炼‌ ‌play sports‌进行体育活动/运动‌ ‌exercise every day‌每天锻炼‌ ‌physical exercise‌体育锻炼/运动‌ 4.生活习惯‌ Early to bed, early to rise‌早睡早起‌ ‌follow a daily routine‌遵循日常规律/惯例‌ ‌Sleep is important for your personal health‌睡眠对个人健康很重要‌ 5.心理健康与情绪管理‌ ‌don't hide your feelings‌不要隐藏你的感受‌ ‌accepting your feelings‌接受你的感受‌ ‌reduce stress‌减少压力‌ 6.其他相关词汇‌ ‌hygiene‌卫生‌ ‌well-balanced‌均衡的‌ ‌strengthen‌加强, 巩固（可用于描述增强身体健康）‌ ‌motivated‌有动力的（与健康生活方式相关）‌ ‌wellbeing‌健康, 幸福‌ 综合实战演练 1 1．How much sugar can a child have one day? A．3 teaspoons. B．4 teaspoons. C．6 teaspoons. D．9 teaspoons. 2．How much sugar does an American have more than a Taiwanese do a day? A．1g. B．3g. C．4g. D．9g. 3．Which of the following drinks have the least sugar? A．A box of rice milk. B．A cup of orange juice. C．A bottle of sports drink. D．A bottle of cola. 4．What may happen to you if you drink more grape juice every day for many years? A．Getting thinner. B．Having the tooth problems. C．Having a good memory (记忆力) D．Being not worried. 5．Where is the text probably from? A．A sports newspaper. B．A menu. C．A poster for selling sugar. D．A health magazine. 2 About 20% of school children are too heavy and fat, according to Ma Guansheng, a scientist. “Being overweight (过重的) is bad for children’s health. So, we have to stop the rise in overweight of children,” Ma said. In April, 2022, the new national Chinese Dietary Guidelines (中国膳食指南) gave advice for children between 6 and 17. Here are the five most important rules:     •Choose food and prepare for food more carefully.     •Eat a good breakfast and choose healthy snacks (零食).     •Drink milk and enough water every day.     •Do more outdoor activities for over 60 minutes every day; spend less time looking at phones or watching TV.     •Check on the health every year to keep the healthy weight. Because of COVID-19, some school children take classes online and eat more meals at home. They may become heavy easily. So what should parents do? First, they should do their best to prepare three meals a day. It helps children have a good eating habit (习惯). Second, be sure to give children more time for outdoor activities. 1．Ma Guansheng thought we should ________. A．give advice to parents B．help children eat better C．stop children from getting fat D．teach all children to lose weight 2．Who do the five rules NOT apply to (适用)? A．7-year-old Lili. B．10-year-old Maomao. C．15-year-old Daming. D．20-year-old Chen Jie. 3．The new national Chinese Dietary Guidelines advised children not to ________. A．have breakfast B．drink milk and enough water C．use phones often D．do more outdoor activities 4．Why should parents prepare three meals a day for children? A．Because it can help children eat more meals. B．Because it can make children keep a good eating habit. C．Because it can save a lot of time for parents. D．Because it can give children more time for outdoor activities. 5．Who is the passage written for? A．Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Doctors. 3 This is David, an English boy and he is 12 years old. He loves hamburgers. He has one hamburger in the morning, three hamburgers and two ice-creams in the afternoon. For dinner, what does he have? Three hamburgers and a coke (可乐)! Some scientists (科学家) say, “Hamburgers, ice-cream and coke are nice but eating them too much is not good.” If we have food like hamburgers too much, what can we get? Scientists have an experiment (实验) on rats (老鼠) to find the answer (答案). Here are three groups (组) of rats. Group One eat fruit and vegetables. Group Two eat some vegetables and hamburgers. But they can eat hamburgers for only one hour every day. Group Three have hamburgers and vegetables, too. But rats in this group can eat hamburgers all day. The rats in Group Three like hamburgers very much and always want them. After the experiment, they are the fattest (最胖的). Can it be the same with people? Some scientists think “YES”. It is OK to love food like hamburgers, but having so many hamburgers a day like David sounds (听起来) “fat”. You don’t want to be too fat, right? Ice-cream is nice and cool. It’s OK to have one ice-cream after dinner. But it’s not OK to have five ice-creams after dinner. We don’t want to be the fat “rats”. 1．How many hamburgers does David have a day? A．Three. B．Four. C．Seven. D．Nine. 2．The underlined word “them” refers to (指代) “________”. A．hamburgers B．ice-cream and coke C．hamburgers and ice-cream D．hamburgers, ice-cream and coke 3．In the experiment, rats in Group Three can ________. A．just have hamburgers B．have hamburgers all day C．have fruits and vegetables D．have hamburgers one hour a day 4．From the last paragraph (最后一段), we may know ________. A．we and rats are not the same B．hamburgers and ice-cream are no good C．we can’t eat hamburgers and ice-cream too much D．hamburgers and ice-cream are very nice and cool 5．The structure (结构) of this passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 4 Are you looking for a fun Earth Day activity? You may want to try plogging-picking up litter while jogging. The new “sport” is becoming more and more popular with runners all over the world. Plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom. In 2016, Erik Alstrom moved to Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. During his daily bike ride to work, he saw quite a lot of litter on the road. Then he started plogging and other joggers soon joined Alstrom. By the end of 2016, the activity became so popular that it spread from Sweden to many other countries. Plogging is not only good for the environment, it is also a good way to exercise. According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun, if you try plogging for half an hour, you will burn about 288 calories (卡路里). This is about 50 calories more than you would burn when just jogging. So put on your running shoes, carry a litter bag or two, and start plogging now. Let’s make every day Earth Day! 1．When did Plogging start? A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2018. D．In 2019. 2．Why did Erik Alstrom start plogging? A．Because he liked sports very much. B．Because he saw a lot of litter on the road. C．Because he worked as a cleaner in Sweden. D．Because he enjoyed helping other people. 3．Why is Swedish fitness app Lifesun mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To offer the ways to exercising properly. B．To show that plogging is good to health. C．To show that plogging is good to the environment. D．To show that plogging can help people burn more calories. 4．What do you need to start plogging? A．A warm coat and a big hat. B．A big raincoat and a litter bag. C．A pair of running shoes and some litter bags. D．A pair of running shoes and a schoolbag. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New “Sport” for Runners B．A New and Interesting Way to Keep Fit C．A Good Way to Reduce the Amount of Trash D．A Fun Activity for Earth Day and Every Day 5 How do you spend your spare time? There will be different answers to it. Most people in Britain have their own ways of spending free time. Sometimes they just want to have a rest, but they try to do something more pleasant most of the time. They have many different hobbies. They help them to get away from their everyday problems and spend their free time happily. Many British people like traveling. They look for new places that they have never been to and add new and exciting experiences to their journey. Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to the sea or a lake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health. Many British people also like to do sports in their free time. They are usually crazy about football, and football is seen as the British national sport. Many football fans may support a certain team, so they go to watch every match of the team they support (支持), and they buy many things about the team. Watching sports and doing it are both good ways to relax. What’s more, doctors say that doing sports is very good for the health. Many people in town, especially young men, often go to the gym to take the exercise classes to keep fit. Besides these ways, British people have many other ways to spend their free time. And they really enjoy their free time. 1．British people have many different hobbies in order to ________. A．solve their daily problems B．finish all their work C．make some friends D．relax themselves in their spare time 2．Why do some British people like climbing mountains? A．Because they hate traveling. B．Because they can get exercise from it. C．Because they can find a new place. D．Because it is comfortable and funny. 3．Which of the following sports is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．Playing football. B．Climbing mountains. C．Skating. D．Swimming. 4．What is the main idea of paragraph3? A．Football is many British people’s favourite sport. B．Young British people often go to the gym. C．All the British people do sports in their spare time. D．Most British people like watching sports. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．British culture is colorful. B．We can have many ways of spending our free time. C．A doctor can give you good advice. D．It is no need doing sports. 6 Scientists（科学家）find that music is important in preparing（准备）for a sports game. They say that listening to the right music helps people exercise hard and feel good. A lot of sportspeople now use music to help them prepare for sports games. Listening to the right music is important for all of us. We all know that doing some exercise is important, but many of us don’t like doing it. Listening to music can make exercise more interesting, and help people keep doing it. Every evening I go running for exercise. Maybe I can make my exercise fun and easy this evening by listening to some music. But not all sportspeople like listening to music in their training or games. One sportsman says that he needs to concentrate（集中注意力）before a game, but he can’t do it when he is listening to music. 1．Listening to the right music can help sportspeople ________ A．eat well B．sleep well C．finish exercising quickly D．prepare for exercise well 2．Why is it important for us to listen to the right music? ① It makes exercise more fun. ② All the sportspeople like listening to music ③ It helps people keep exercising. ④ It helps people remember happy things. A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④ 3．What does the writer do every evening? A．He runs. B．He swims. C．He dances. D．He plays basketball. 4．In Paragraph 3, “it”refers（指代）to ________. A．doing well in a game B．doing training for a game C．knowing more about a game D．concentrating before a game 5．What’s the best title（最好标题）of this passage? A．Fun Sports B．Music and Sports C．Relaxing Music D．Exercise and Health 7 As people in China are paying more and more attention to children's health, the government is carrying out new programs to improve the health level of students. Last December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission made great changes to physical education in this city. The commission now has more progress assessments for P. E. classes in the hope that children will start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it more often. Students also have more choices for their final P. E. exams. They can choose four sports from a list of 22, including running, table tennis, badminton, and swimming. 14 sports newly joined in the list. The commission also provides middle school students with online classes after school. Many people welcome the changes with open arms. Zhang Fan, a father of a school-age child said, “Many children in our country have overweight and obesity（肥胖）problems, and one of the main reasons is that they spend very little time on physical activities. I hope my son will have more time for physical activities at school. ” According to a report, the overweight and obesity rate of Chinese primary and middle school students increased（增加）by 8. 7 percent from 2010 to 2019. In 2019, the overweight and obesity rate of primary school students was 26. 2 percent, while it was 23.1 percent for middle school students and 2l percent for high school students. Since the government is taking action to improve children’s health levels, the situation will take a turn for the better. Let’s look forward to a healthier future for all Chinese students. 1．When did the Beijing Municipal Education Commission make great changes to physical education? A．Last spring. B．Last summer. C．Last autumn. D．Last winter. 2．We can know the following things from the second paragraph EXCEPT ________. A．Students are now able to take both online classes and online exams at school. B．14 sports newly joined the list, so students have more choices for their final P. E. exams. C．Students can choose running, table tennis, badminton, swimming and other 18 sports for their final P. E. exams. D．Beijing Municipal Education Commission hopes to encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and exercise more often. 3．Why does Zhang Fan welcome the changes in P. E. classes and exams? A．Because his son loves to do physical activities. B．Because he likes to take exercise very much himself. C．Because he wants his son to spend less time on physical activities. D．Because he hopes that his son can spend more time exercising and won’t get fat. 4．After making the changes in Physical Education, we can infer（推断）that ________. A．more and more children will get fat B．all Chinese students are sure to have a healthier future C．the overweight and obesity rate may not increase as fast as before D．the overweight and obesity rate will keep increasing so fast in the future 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．P. E. Classes in China B．More Choices, More Classes C．Changes in China’s Physical Education D．The Problems of Overweight and Obesity 8 According to the non-profit organization (非营利组织) Food Allergy Research and Education, these foods cause (造成) 90 percent of all food allergies: cow milk, eggs, peanuts, fish, shellfish, tree, nuts, wheat, soy. Itching (痒) vomiting (呕吐) and stomachaches (腹痛)...food allergies (过敏) can be dangerous. People can even die (死亡) from them. What’s worse, they are becoming more common (常见的) these days. Kari Nadeau, an allergy expert (专家) at Stanford University in the US, did a study of food allergies worldwide. She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. Nadeau said that one reason for this might be that we are exposed (暴露) to fewer microbiota (微生物群). Microbiota can “train”our bodies and stop us from getting allergies. Our bodies are exposed to fewer microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors (室内) for longer hours. We are given more antibiotics (抗生素) as children-antibiotics kill microbiota. Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop allergies from being developed. 1．How many kinds of food cause 90% of all food allergies? A．8 B．9 C．10 D．11 2．Which of the following can be caused by allergies? ①Vomiting   ②Headache    ③Death     ④Itching A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 3．What did Nadesu find? A．More people have allergies these days. B．There are more kinds of food allergies these days. C．Fewer people have food allergies these days. D．The causes of allergies are changing. 4．What can stop allergies from developing? A．Living in clean homes. B．Going outside more. C．Taking more antibiotics. D．Eating less food. 5．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．How to figure out if we have allergies. B．The best time to stop allergies. C．Who can protect us from allergies. D．How to prevent allergies. 9 If you ever run into Brad Pitt, chances are he won’t recognize（识别）you the second time around. That’s because the famous actor has face blindness（脸盲症）. Face blindness, is the inability to recognize or remember faces, including one’s own. It can cause problems in relationships and in the workplace. Some people with face blindness also have difficulty recognizing animals and telling the differences between objects, such as cars. Others have a much harder time and experience nervousness, depression and fear of social situations. There are two main kinds of face blindness. Acquired face blindness is caused by brain damage（损伤）. Harm to the right side of the brain is more likely to influence your ability to recognize faces you used to know. It is lesser-known and may take a turn for the better. The other main kind of face blindness is born with or developmental, which is much more common. Although it was considered hard-to-find before, scientists now estimate（估计）as much as 2.5 percent of Americans may be developing it. The cause of developmental face blindness is still unknown, but it does appear to run in families. A person with the second kind of face blindness never fully develops the ability to recognize faces. Adults with face blindness may not realize that other people can recognize and remember faces. They may think they are the “normal” ones. However, a person who develops face blindness following a damage may notice the loss of the ability right away. Children with the illness may have trouble making friends, since they can’t easily recognize others. They usually befriend people with easily recognizable features（特征）. They may also find it difficult to tell family members apart according to sight or tell the differences between characters in movies. At present, there is no treatment for face blindness. However, there are training programs to help these people, such as focusing on the voice, hairstyle and clothing. It may help to make a list of features in mind, such as tall, brown hair, blue eyes, and remember them rather than trying to recall the face. Sometimes it’s the easiest to simply let people know that you have trouble with faces. 1．From Paragraphs 1&2, what problem might people with face blindness have? A．Getting lost very often. B．Keeping a pet. C．Having bad relationships. D．Remembering car numbers. 2．According to Paragraph 3, which is true about the two main kinds of face blindness? A．The number of acquired face blindness is bigger. B．The cause of developmental face blindness is known. C．If Paul is born with face blindness, his family may have it. D．Neither of the two kinds has chances to get better. 3．Who will most probably become Laura’s friend if she develops face blindness? A．Sarah who is the shortest at school. B．Billy who has a cute sister. C．Angela who has a beautiful face. D．Jeff who is strong in music. 4．According to the passage, what can we learn about the people with face blindness? A．They are seen as “normal” as others. B．Certain trainings could help them. C．They can’t use the right side of the brain. D．25 out of 100 Americans develop it. 5．Which of the following way is not used by the writer to introduce face blindness? A．Giving facts. B．Telling stories. C．Explaining new words. D．Comparing differences. 10 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有两项为多余选项。 School life should be fun and enjoyable. Everyone can make friends and have a wonderful life at school. But there may be less time to have a healthy lifestyle (生活方式). Without it, students may get ill more easily. 1 A healthy lifestyle starts with a good eating habit, so what you eat is very important. 2 Healthy food can give you a clear mind and more energy (能量). 3 Although exercise is important, it can be difficult for most busy students. Even if you plan well, you may give up. So a person who can exercise with you is important. 4 It gives you a way of making friends and relaxing. Make a plan for your time and life so that you won’t be too tired. 5 So you should pay much attention to having classes and finishing homework on time. Then you can spend your free time with friends or develop (培养) your hobbies. So try to plan your time better. Then I believe you can have not only a great school life but also a healthy lifestyle. A．Try to find someone you can exercise with. B．Healthy eating habits have many advantages. C．Learning is still an important thing for students. D．Try to spend more time on exercise and sleeping. E．To keep healthy, you can try the following ways. F．There are many kinds of hobbies for you to develop. G．At the same time, doing exercise with others is also fun. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年下学期七年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 3 Keep Fit主题阅读 必备知识清单 一、主题解读 关于保持健康的最佳方式的阅读主要围绕‌均衡饮食、适量运动和充足睡眠‌这三个核心要点展开‌。首先，均衡饮食被强调为保持健康的基础。这意味着要吃多种多样的食物，特别是新鲜的水果和蔬菜，因为它们富含维生素和矿物质，对身体健康至关重要。同时，应避免过多摄入高脂肪、高糖分的食物，以及减少烟酒等有害物质的摄入‌‌‌。其次，适量运动也是保持健康的重要方式。运动不仅可以增强体质，提高身体素质，还能帮助放松身心，缓解压力。例如，可以在暑假去游泳，或者晚饭后散步，这些都是很好的运动方式‌‌‌。最后，充足的睡眠对于健康同样重要。缺乏睡眠会导致疲劳、注意力不集中，甚至影响身体健康。因此，要养成早睡早起的好习惯，确保每天有足够的睡眠时间‌‌。 二、语篇特征 关于保持健康的最佳方式的阅读语篇通常具有以下特征：（1）主题明确，聚焦健康‌。这类语篇的核心话题是“如何保持健康”，直接关联到学生的日常生活和切身利益，易于引起学生的兴趣和共鸣‌。（2）内容全面，涵盖多个方面‌。语篇通常从饮食、运动、生活习惯等多个角度阐述保持健康的方法。例如，强调均衡饮食的重要性，建议多吃不同种类的食物和新鲜果蔬；提倡适量运动，以增强体质和放松心情；同时，也会提到避免不良习惯，如吸烟、饮酒等。（3）结构清晰，条理分明‌。语篇往往采用总分或分总的结构，先总体介绍保持健康的重要性，然后分点阐述具体方法，最后可能总结强调。这种结构有助于学生快速把握文章主旨和要点。（4）语言简洁明了，易于理解‌。语篇中的句子结构通常较为简单，词汇也多为初中生所熟悉，便于学生阅读和理解。同时，语篇中可能会使用举例、对比等手法，使内容更加生动具体‌。（5），注重实用性和指导性‌。这类语篇不仅提供保持健康的知识，更重要的是给出具体可行的建议和方法，指导学生如何在日常生活中实践这些健康习惯。例如，建议学生早睡早起、不熬夜，参加运动强身健体等。 【语篇示例】 In our busy lives, sports play a vital role in keeping us healthy and happy. They are not just about winning or losing; they are an essential part of a balanced lifestyle. First and foremost, sports help us stay physically fit. When we play sports, our bodies get the exercise they need to stay strong and healthy. We breathe in fresh air, our hearts pump blood more efficiently, and our muscles get stronger. Regular participation in sports can also prevent many health problems, such as obesity and heart disease. Besides physical benefits, sports also have a positive impact on our mental health. Playing sports can reduce stress and anxiety. When we are active, our bodies release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. This helps us feel happier and more relaxed. Moreover, sports teach us discipline, teamwork, and perseverance. These qualities are not only important in sports but also in our daily lives. Furthermore, sports provide us with opportunities to make new friends and socialize. Whether it's a team sport like basketball or an individual sport like swimming, we can meet people who share the same interests and passions. Through sports, we learn to communicate and cooperate with others, which are essential skills for our future. In conclusion, sports are crucial for our overall development. They keep us physically fit, mentally healthy, and socially active. So, let's embrace sports and make them a part of our daily lives. Remember, a healthy body nurtures a healthy mind! 参考译文： 在我们繁忙的生活中，运动在保持我们的健康和快乐方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们不仅仅关乎输赢；它们是平衡生活方式的重要组成部分。 首先，运动有助于我们保持身体健康。当我们进行体育运动时，我们的身体得到了保持强壮和健康所需的锻炼。我们呼吸新鲜空气，我们的心脏更有效地泵血，我们的肌肉变得更强壮。定期参加体育运动也可以预防许多健康问题，如肥胖和心脏病。 除了身体上的好处，运动对我们的心理健康也有积极的影响。运动可以减轻压力和焦虑。当我们活动时，我们的身体会释放内啡肽，这是一种天然的情绪提升剂。这有助于我们感到更快乐、更放松。此外，运动教会我们纪律、团队合作和毅力。这些品质不仅在体育运动中很重要，而且在我们的日常生活中也很重要。 此外，体育为我们提供了结交新朋友和社交的机会。无论是篮球这样的团队运动，还是游泳这样的个人运动，我们都可以遇到有着共同兴趣和激情的人。通过体育运动，我们学会了与他人沟通与合作，这是我们未来的基本技能。 总之，体育对我们的全面发展至关重要。它们让我们保持身体健康、精神健康和社交活跃。所以，让我们拥抱体育，让它们成为我们日常生活的一部分。记住，健康的身体孕育健康的心灵！ 重点词汇： breathe in吸入；吸气 fresh air新鲜空气 heart disease心脏病 impact on影响；对…冲击 mental health心理健康；精神卫生 三、主题词汇 1.健康状态与行为‌ ‌keep healthy/fit保持健康‌ ‌build up one’s strength/body‌强身健体‌ ‌take an active part in physical exercise‌积极参加体育锻炼‌ ‌take regular exercise‌经常锻炼‌ 2.饮食习惯‌ ‌healthy eating habits‌健康的饮食习惯‌ ‌balanced diet‌均衡饮食‌ ‌keep a balanced diet‌保持均衡饮食‌ 3.运动与锻炼‌ ‌play sports‌进行体育活动/运动‌ ‌exercise every day‌每天锻炼‌ ‌physical exercise‌体育锻炼/运动‌ 4.生活习惯‌ Early to bed, early to rise‌早睡早起‌ ‌follow a daily routine‌遵循日常规律/惯例‌ ‌Sleep is important for your personal health‌睡眠对个人健康很重要‌ 5.心理健康与情绪管理‌ ‌don't hide your feelings‌不要隐藏你的感受‌ ‌accepting your feelings‌接受你的感受‌ ‌reduce stress‌减少压力‌ 6.其他相关词汇‌ ‌hygiene‌卫生‌ ‌well-balanced‌均衡的‌ ‌strengthen‌加强, 巩固（可用于描述增强身体健康）‌ ‌motivated‌有动力的（与健康生活方式相关）‌ ‌wellbeing‌健康, 幸福‌ 综合实战演练 1 1．How much sugar can a child have one day? A．3 teaspoons. B．4 teaspoons. C．6 teaspoons. D．9 teaspoons. 2．How much sugar does an American have more than a Taiwanese do a day? A．1g. B．3g. C．4g. D．9g. 3．Which of the following drinks have the least sugar? A．A box of rice milk. B．A cup of orange juice. C．A bottle of sports drink. D．A bottle of cola. 4．What may happen to you if you drink more grape juice every day for many years? A．Getting thinner. B．Having the tooth problems. C．Having a good memory (记忆力) D．Being not worried. 5．Where is the text probably from? A．A sports newspaper. B．A menu. C．A poster for selling sugar. D．A health magazine. 2 About 20% of school children are too heavy and fat, according to Ma Guansheng, a scientist. “Being overweight (过重的) is bad for children’s health. So, we have to stop the rise in overweight of children,” Ma said. In April, 2022, the new national Chinese Dietary Guidelines (中国膳食指南) gave advice for children between 6 and 17. Here are the five most important rules:     •Choose food and prepare for food more carefully.     •Eat a good breakfast and choose healthy snacks (零食).     •Drink milk and enough water every day.     •Do more outdoor activities for over 60 minutes every day; spend less time looking at phones or watching TV.     •Check on the health every year to keep the healthy weight. Because of COVID-19, some school children take classes online and eat more meals at home. They may become heavy easily. So what should parents do? First, they should do their best to prepare three meals a day. It helps children have a good eating habit (习惯). Second, be sure to give children more time for outdoor activities. 1．Ma Guansheng thought we should ________. A．give advice to parents B．help children eat better C．stop children from getting fat D．teach all children to lose weight 2．Who do the five rules NOT apply to (适用)? A．7-year-old Lili. B．10-year-old Maomao. C．15-year-old Daming. D．20-year-old Chen Jie. 3．The new national Chinese Dietary Guidelines advised children not to ________. A．have breakfast B．drink milk and enough water C．use phones often D．do more outdoor activities 4．Why should parents prepare three meals a day for children? A．Because it can help children eat more meals. B．Because it can make children keep a good eating habit. C．Because it can save a lot of time for parents. D．Because it can give children more time for outdoor activities. 5．Who is the passage written for? A．Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Doctors. 3 This is David, an English boy and he is 12 years old. He loves hamburgers. He has one hamburger in the morning, three hamburgers and two ice-creams in the afternoon. For dinner, what does he have? Three hamburgers and a coke (可乐)! Some scientists (科学家) say, “Hamburgers, ice-cream and coke are nice but eating them too much is not good.” If we have food like hamburgers too much, what can we get? Scientists have an experiment (实验) on rats (老鼠) to find the answer (答案). Here are three groups (组) of rats. Group One eat fruit and vegetables. Group Two eat some vegetables and hamburgers. But they can eat hamburgers for only one hour every day. Group Three have hamburgers and vegetables, too. But rats in this group can eat hamburgers all day. The rats in Group Three like hamburgers very much and always want them. After the experiment, they are the fattest (最胖的). Can it be the same with people? Some scientists think “YES”. It is OK to love food like hamburgers, but having so many hamburgers a day like David sounds (听起来) “fat”. You don’t want to be too fat, right? Ice-cream is nice and cool. It’s OK to have one ice-cream after dinner. But it’s not OK to have five ice-creams after dinner. We don’t want to be the fat “rats”. 1．How many hamburgers does David have a day? A．Three. B．Four. C．Seven. D．Nine. 2．The underlined word “them” refers to (指代) “________”. A．hamburgers B．ice-cream and coke C．hamburgers and ice-cream D．hamburgers, ice-cream and coke 3．In the experiment, rats in Group Three can ________. A．just have hamburgers B．have hamburgers all day C．have fruits and vegetables D．have hamburgers one hour a day 4．From the last paragraph (最后一段), we may know ________. A．we and rats are not the same B．hamburgers and ice-cream are no good C．we can’t eat hamburgers and ice-cream too much D．hamburgers and ice-cream are very nice and cool 5．The structure (结构) of this passage may be ________. A． B． C． D． 4 Are you looking for a fun Earth Day activity? You may want to try plogging-picking up litter while jogging. The new “sport” is becoming more and more popular with runners all over the world. Plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom. In 2016, Erik Alstrom moved to Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. During his daily bike ride to work, he saw quite a lot of litter on the road. Then he started plogging and other joggers soon joined Alstrom. By the end of 2016, the activity became so popular that it spread from Sweden to many other countries. Plogging is not only good for the environment, it is also a good way to exercise. According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun, if you try plogging for half an hour, you will burn about 288 calories (卡路里). This is about 50 calories more than you would burn when just jogging. So put on your running shoes, carry a litter bag or two, and start plogging now. Let’s make every day Earth Day! 1．When did Plogging start? A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2018. D．In 2019. 2．Why did Erik Alstrom start plogging? A．Because he liked sports very much. B．Because he saw a lot of litter on the road. C．Because he worked as a cleaner in Sweden. D．Because he enjoyed helping other people. 3．Why is Swedish fitness app Lifesun mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To offer the ways to exercising properly. B．To show that plogging is good to health. C．To show that plogging is good to the environment. D．To show that plogging can help people burn more calories. 4．What do you need to start plogging? A．A warm coat and a big hat. B．A big raincoat and a litter bag. C．A pair of running shoes and some litter bags. D．A pair of running shoes and a schoolbag. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A New “Sport” for Runners B．A New and Interesting Way to Keep Fit C．A Good Way to Reduce the Amount of Trash D．A Fun Activity for Earth Day and Every Day 5 How do you spend your spare time? There will be different answers to it. Most people in Britain have their own ways of spending free time. Sometimes they just want to have a rest, but they try to do something more pleasant most of the time. They have many different hobbies. They help them to get away from their everyday problems and spend their free time happily. Many British people like traveling. They look for new places that they have never been to and add new and exciting experiences to their journey. Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to the sea or a lake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health. Many British people also like to do sports in their free time. They are usually crazy about football, and football is seen as the British national sport. Many football fans may support a certain team, so they go to watch every match of the team they support (支持), and they buy many things about the team. Watching sports and doing it are both good ways to relax. What’s more, doctors say that doing sports is very good for the health. Many people in town, especially young men, often go to the gym to take the exercise classes to keep fit. Besides these ways, British people have many other ways to spend their free time. And they really enjoy their free time. 1．British people have many different hobbies in order to ________. A．solve their daily problems B．finish all their work C．make some friends D．relax themselves in their spare time 2．Why do some British people like climbing mountains? A．Because they hate traveling. B．Because they can get exercise from it. C．Because they can find a new place. D．Because it is comfortable and funny. 3．Which of the following sports is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．Playing football. B．Climbing mountains. C．Skating. D．Swimming. 4．What is the main idea of paragraph3? A．Football is many British people’s favourite sport. B．Young British people often go to the gym. C．All the British people do sports in their spare time. D．Most British people like watching sports. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．British culture is colorful. B．We can have many ways of spending our free time. C．A doctor can give you good advice. D．It is no need doing sports. 6 Scientists（科学家）find that music is important in preparing（准备）for a sports game. They say that listening to the right music helps people exercise hard and feel good. A lot of sportspeople now use music to help them prepare for sports games. Listening to the right music is important for all of us. We all know that doing some exercise is important, but many of us don’t like doing it. Listening to music can make exercise more interesting, and help people keep doing it. Every evening I go running for exercise. Maybe I can make my exercise fun and easy this evening by listening to some music. But not all sportspeople like listening to music in their training or games. One sportsman says that he needs to concentrate（集中注意力）before a game, but he can’t do it when he is listening to music. 1．Listening to the right music can help sportspeople ________ A．eat well B．sleep well C．finish exercising quickly D．prepare for exercise well 2．Why is it important for us to listen to the right music? ① It makes exercise more fun. ② All the sportspeople like listening to music ③ It helps people keep exercising. ④ It helps people remember happy things. A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④ 3．What does the writer do every evening? A．He runs. B．He swims. C．He dances. D．He plays basketball. 4．In Paragraph 3, “it”refers（指代）to ________. A．doing well in a game B．doing training for a game C．knowing more about a game D．concentrating before a game 5．What’s the best title（最好标题）of this passage? A．Fun Sports B．Music and Sports C．Relaxing Music D．Exercise and Health 7 As people in China are paying more and more attention to children's health, the government is carrying out new programs to improve the health level of students. Last December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission made great changes to physical education in this city. The commission now has more progress assessments for P. E. classes in the hope that children will start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it more often. Students also have more choices for their final P. E. exams. They can choose four sports from a list of 22, including running, table tennis, badminton, and swimming. 14 sports newly joined in the list. The commission also provides middle school students with online classes after school. Many people welcome the changes with open arms. Zhang Fan, a father of a school-age child said, “Many children in our country have overweight and obesity（肥胖）problems, and one of the main reasons is that they spend very little time on physical activities. I hope my son will have more time for physical activities at school. ” According to a report, the overweight and obesity rate of Chinese primary and middle school students increased（增加）by 8. 7 percent from 2010 to 2019. In 2019, the overweight and obesity rate of primary school students was 26. 2 percent, while it was 23.1 percent for middle school students and 2l percent for high school students. Since the government is taking action to improve children’s health levels, the situation will take a turn for the better. Let’s look forward to a healthier future for all Chinese students. 1．When did the Beijing Municipal Education Commission make great changes to physical education? A．Last spring. B．Last summer. C．Last autumn. D．Last winter. 2．We can know the following things from the second paragraph EXCEPT ________. A．Students are now able to take both online classes and online exams at school. B．14 sports newly joined the list, so students have more choices for their final P. E. exams. C．Students can choose running, table tennis, badminton, swimming and other 18 sports for their final P. E. exams. D．Beijing Municipal Education Commission hopes to encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and exercise more often. 3．Why does Zhang Fan welcome the changes in P. E. classes and exams? A．Because his son loves to do physical activities. B．Because he likes to take exercise very much himself. C．Because he wants his son to spend less time on physical activities. D．Because he hopes that his son can spend more time exercising and won’t get fat. 4．After making the changes in Physical Education, we can infer（推断）that ________. A．more and more children will get fat B．all Chinese students are sure to have a healthier future C．the overweight and obesity rate may not increase as fast as before D．the overweight and obesity rate will keep increasing so fast in the future 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．P. E. Classes in China B．More Choices, More Classes C．Changes in China’s Physical Education D．The Problems of Overweight and Obesity 8 According to the non-profit organization (非营利组织) Food Allergy Research and Education, these foods cause (造成) 90 percent of all food allergies: cow milk, eggs, peanuts, fish, shellfish, tree, nuts, wheat, soy. Itching (痒) vomiting (呕吐) and stomachaches (腹痛)...food allergies (过敏) can be dangerous. People can even die (死亡) from them. What’s worse, they are becoming more common (常见的) these days. Kari Nadeau, an allergy expert (专家) at Stanford University in the US, did a study of food allergies worldwide. She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. Nadeau said that one reason for this might be that we are exposed (暴露) to fewer microbiota (微生物群). Microbiota can “train”our bodies and stop us from getting allergies. Our bodies are exposed to fewer microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors (室内) for longer hours. We are given more antibiotics (抗生素) as children-antibiotics kill microbiota. Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop allergies from being developed. 1．How many kinds of food cause 90% of all food allergies? A．8 B．9 C．10 D．11 2．Which of the following can be caused by allergies? ①Vomiting   ②Headache    ③Death     ④Itching A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 3．What did Nadesu find? A．More people have allergies these days. B．There are more kinds of food allergies these days. C．Fewer people have food allergies these days. D．The causes of allergies are changing. 4．What can stop allergies from developing? A．Living in clean homes. B．Going outside more. C．Taking more antibiotics. D．Eating less food. 5．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．How to figure out if we have allergies. B．The best time to stop allergies. C．Who can protect us from allergies. D．How to prevent allergies. 9 If you ever run into Brad Pitt, chances are he won’t recognize（识别）you the second time around. That’s because the famous actor has face blindness（脸盲症）. Face blindness, is the inability to recognize or remember faces, including one’s own. It can cause problems in relationships and in the workplace. Some people with face blindness also have difficulty recognizing animals and telling the differences between objects, such as cars. Others have a much harder time and experience nervousness, depression and fear of social situations. There are two main kinds of face blindness. Acquired face blindness is caused by brain damage（损伤）. Harm to the right side of the brain is more likely to influence your ability to recognize faces you used to know. It is lesser-known and may take a turn for the better. The other main kind of face blindness is born with or developmental, which is much more common. Although it was considered hard-to-find before, scientists now estimate（估计）as much as 2.5 percent of Americans may be developing it. The cause of developmental face blindness is still unknown, but it does appear to run in families. A person with the second kind of face blindness never fully develops the ability to recognize faces. Adults with face blindness may not realize that other people can recognize and remember faces. They may think they are the “normal” ones. However, a person who develops face blindness following a damage may notice the loss of the ability right away. Children with the illness may have trouble making friends, since they can’t easily recognize others. They usually befriend people with easily recognizable features（特征）. They may also find it difficult to tell family members apart according to sight or tell the differences between characters in movies. At present, there is no treatment for face blindness. However, there are training programs to help these people, such as focusing on the voice, hairstyle and clothing. It may help to make a list of features in mind, such as tall, brown hair, blue eyes, and remember them rather than trying to recall the face. Sometimes it’s the easiest to simply let people know that you have trouble with faces. 1．From Paragraphs 1&2, what problem might people with face blindness have? A．Getting lost very often. B．Keeping a pet. C．Having bad relationships. D．Remembering car numbers. 2．According to Paragraph 3, which is true about the two main kinds of face blindness? A．The number of acquired face blindness is bigger. B．The cause of developmental face blindness is known. C．If Paul is born with face blindness, his family may have it. D．Neither of the two kinds has chances to get better. 3．Who will most probably become Laura’s friend if she develops face blindness? A．Sarah who is the shortest at school. B．Billy who has a cute sister. C．Angela who has a beautiful face. D．Jeff who is strong in music. 4．According to the passage, what can we learn about the people with face blindness? A．They are seen as “normal” as others. B．Certain trainings could help them. C．They can’t use the right side of the brain. D．25 out of 100 Americans develop it. 5．Which of the following way is not used by the writer to introduce face blindness? A．Giving facts. B．Telling stories. C．Explaining new words. D．Comparing differences. 10 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有两项为多余选项。 School life should be fun and enjoyable. Everyone can make friends and have a wonderful life at school. But there may be less time to have a healthy lifestyle (生活方式). Without it, students may get ill more easily. 1 A healthy lifestyle starts with a good eating habit, so what you eat is very important. 2 Healthy food can give you a clear mind and more energy (能量). 3 Although exercise is important, it can be difficult for most busy students. Even if you plan well, you may give up. So a person who can exercise with you is important. 4 It gives you a way of making friends and relaxing. Make a plan for your time and life so that you won’t be too tired. 5 So you should pay much attention to having classes and finishing homework on time. Then you can spend your free time with friends or develop (培养) your hobbies. So try to plan your time better. Then I believe you can have not only a great school life but also a healthy lifestyle. A．Try to find someone you can exercise with. B．Healthy eating habits have many advantages. C．Learning is still an important thing for students. D．Try to spend more time on exercise and sleeping. E．To keep healthy, you can try the following ways. F．There are many kinds of hobbies for you to develop. G．At the same time, doing exercise with others is also fun. 参考答案 1 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们每天所摄入的糖含量、所需的糖含量以及糖对我们的危害。 1．细节理解题。根据材料“How much sugar can we have a day?”一栏中“Child: 3 teaspoons of sugar”可知，一个孩子一天可以吃3茶匙糖。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据材料“How much sugar do we have a day?”一栏中“China: 17.75 teaspoons for each person; The US: 18. 75 teaspoons for each person”以及“teaspoon=4g of sugar”可知，美国人比中国人每天多吃1茶匙糖，即4克。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据材料“Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks”一栏中“A box of rice milk (400 ml); A cup of orange juice (300 ml); A bottle of sports drink (590 ml); A bottle of cola (330 ml)”可知，橙汁的含糖量最少。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks”一栏中“grape juice(400 ml)”可知，葡萄汁的含糖量高，结合“What does sugar do to our body?”栏中“holes in our teeth”可推测出，常年每天喝很多的葡萄汁会导致牙齿问题。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据文章的主题“糖”以及内容可知，本文是关于健康的，可能来自一本健康杂志。故选D。 2 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国儿童肥胖问题的严重性以及如何通过新的国家膳食指南来解决这个问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“So, we have to stop the rise in overweight of children.”可知，我们应该阻止儿童长胖。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In April, 2022, the new national Chinese Dietary Guidelines gave advice for children between 6 and 17.”可知，该建议是针对6至17岁儿童的，20岁的陈洁不适用。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Do more outdoor activities for over 60 minutes every day; spend less time looking at phones or watching TV.”可知，新的中国膳食指南建议儿童不要经常使用手机。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“It helps children have a good eating habit.”可知，家长为孩子准备一日三餐有助于儿童养成好的饮食习惯。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“So what should parents do? First, they should do their best to prepare three meals a day. It helps children have a good eating habit. Second, be sure to give children more time for outdoor activities.”可知，此处说的是家长要怎么做，由此可推测，本文是写给父母的。故选A。 3 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要通过对老鼠实验的结果，告诉读者吃太多垃圾食品对身体的危害，提醒人们应该注意饮食健康，避免吃太多对身体不好的食物。 1．细节理解题。根据“He has one hamburger in the morning, three hamburgers and two ice-creams in the afternoon. For dinner, what does he have? Three hamburgers and a coke”可知，大卫早上吃一个汉堡，下午吃三个汉堡，晚餐吃三个汉堡，因此大卫一天吃7个汉堡。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Hamburgers, ice-cream and coke are nice but eating them too much is not good.”可知汉堡、冰淇淋和可乐很美味，但吃多了就不好了，故此处them指代汉堡、冰淇淋和可乐。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Group Three have hamburgers and vegetables, too. But rats in this group can eat hamburgers all day.”可知第三组的老鼠整天吃汉堡。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“It is OK to love food like hamburgers, but having so many hamburgers a day like David sounds (听起来) ‘fat’...Ice-cream is nice and cool. It’s OK to have one ice-cream after dinner. But it’s not OK to have five ice-creams after dinner”可知可以吃汉堡、喝可乐，但是不能吃太多。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。根据全文可知，第一段主要介绍了一个名叫大卫的英国男孩喜欢吃汉堡等垃圾食品的案例；第二、三、四、五自然段主要介绍科学家对老鼠进行了实验并找到了结果；第六自然段主要得出结论，垃圾食物过量会导致肥胖，我们应该控制自己的饮食。故选C。 4 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述“跑步捡垃圾”这项活动，于2016年发起于瑞典并很快风靡全球。这项活动不仅对环境有好处，也是进行锻炼的一种好方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“Plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom. In 2016, Erik Alstrom... saw quite a lot of litter on the road. Then he started plogging and other joggers soon joined Alstrom.”可知，跑步捡垃圾开始于2016年，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“ he saw quite a lot of litter on the road. Then he started plogging”可知，因为他看到路上有很多垃圾，然后便开始跑步捡垃圾。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun, if you try plogging for half an hour, you will burn about 288 calories (卡路里). This is about 50 calories more than you would burn when just jogging”可知，根据瑞典健身应用程序Lifesun的数据，跑步捡垃圾半小时要比纯粹慢跑半小时多燃烧50卡路里的热量。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“So put on your running shoes, carry a litter bag or two, and start plogging now.”可知，穿上跑鞋，带上一两个垃圾袋，就可以开始跑步捡垃圾的活动了。故选C。 5．标题归纳题。根据第一段“Are you looking for a fun Earth Day activity? You may want to try plogging-picking up litter while jogging.”以及最后一段“...start plogging now. Let’s make every day Earth Day!”可知，跑步捡垃圾活动是一项有趣的地球日活动，同时也会让每一天都变成地球日，D项最适合做标题。故选D。 5 【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国人是如何度过自己的业余时间以及英国人的爱好。 1．细节理解题。根据“They have many different hobbies. They help them to get away from their everyday problems and spend their free time happily.”可知，英国人有许多不同的爱好，这可以帮助他们摆脱日常问题，快乐地度过空闲时间。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to the sea or a lake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health.”可知，他们中的一些人喜欢爬山，其他人喜欢去海边或湖里游泳，因为这些东西可以让他们得到锻炼，有益于他们的健康。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They are usually crazy about football”；“Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to the sea or a lake to swim,”可知，文中提到了踢足球、游泳、爬山，没有提到滑冰。故选C。 4．段落大意题。文章第三段主要介绍了英国人对足球的热爱，足球是他们最喜欢的运动。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“How do you spend your spare time? There will be different answers to it.”可知，本文以英国这个国家为例，介绍了英国人丰富多彩的业余生活，我们从中也学到了度过自己的业余时间的很多方式。故选B。 6 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了运动时听音乐的利与弊。一方面运动时听音乐能使运动更有趣，也有利于我们坚持运动，但是不是所有的运动员都喜欢运动时听音乐，因为这样他们无法集中注意力。 1．细节理解题。根据“They say that listening to the right music helps people exercise hard and feel good. A lot of sportspeople now use music to help them prepare for sports games.”可知听合适的音乐可以帮助运动员为锻炼做好准备。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“ Listening to music can make exercise more interesting, and help people keep doing it.”可知听音乐可以使锻炼更有趣，并帮助人们坚持锻炼。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Every evening I go running for exercise.”可知每天晚上作者都跑步锻炼身体，故选A。 4．词义猜测题。根据“ One sportsman says that he needs to concentrate（集中注意力）before a game, but he can’t do it when he is listening to music.”（一名运动员说，他需要在比赛前集中注意力，但他不能在听音乐时这样做。）可知it代指“集中注意力”，故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Scientists（科学家）find that music is important in preparing（准备）for a sports game. ”可知本文主要讲述了运动时听音乐的利与弊，故选B。 7 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了中国为了提升学生的健康水平而对体育教育进行一些改革，体育教育的改革让学生肥胖这一情况得到好转。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Last December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission made great changes to physical education in this city.”可知，去年12月，北京市教委对本市体育教育进行了重大改革。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“The commission also provides middle school students with online classes after school.”可知委员会还为中学生提供课后在线课程，并没有提供考试，A项表述错误。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Many children in our country have overweight and obesity problems, and one of the main reasons is that they spend very little time on physical activities. I hope my son will have more time for physical activities at school.”可推知张凡希望他儿子能有更多的时间锻炼身体，这样他儿子就不容易变胖。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“Since the government is taking action to improve children’s health levels, the situation will take a turn for the better.”可知，体育教育改革后，这一情况得到好转，也就是说学生的肥胖率增长变缓。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了中国在体育教育方面作出的一些改革以及成效，C项表示“中国体育教育的变化”，符合文意。故选C。 8 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了食物过敏现象的情况，包括后果，表现和原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“ these foods cause (造成) 90 percent of all food allergies: cow milk, eggs, peanuts, fish , shellfish, tree, nuts, wheat, soy.”可知这些食物导致90%的食物过敏：牛奶，鸡蛋，花生，鱼，贝类，树，坚果，小麦，大豆。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Itching (痒) vomiting (呕吐) and stomachaches (腹痛)...food allergies (过敏) can be dangerous. People can even die (死亡) from them. ”可知瘙痒，呕吐和胃痛……食物过敏可能是危险的，人们甚至可能因此而死亡。因此是呕吐，死亡，瘙痒。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段末尾的“ She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. ”可知她发现，虽然1960年有3%的人有过敏，但这一数字在2018年上升到7%。因此是人数变多了。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Nadeau said that one reason for this might be that we are exposed (暴露) to fewer microbiota ”可知Nadeau说，其中一个原因可能是我们接触更少的微生物群。根据第二段的“Our bodies are exposed to fewer microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors (室内) for longer hours.”可知如今，我们的身体接触到的微生物群越来越少。我们住在更清洁的家中。我们在室内停留的时间更长。因此我们需要接触更多的微生物群，需要多呆在户外。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“ Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop allergies from being developed.”可知科学家说，婴儿吃许多不同种类的食物是个好主意，这样他们就可以在早年建立耐受性。养一只宠物猫或狗也可以阻止过敏症的发展。因此主要讲述了如何防止过敏。故选D。 9 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了脸盲症这一疾病。 1．细节理解题。根据“It can cause problems in relationships and in the workplace.”可知，它会在人际关系和工作场所造成问题。也就是说，有脸盲症的人可能会有不良的人际关系。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“The cause of developmental face blindness is still unknown, but it does appear to run in families.”可知，发展性脸盲的病因尚不清楚，但它似乎在家庭中传播。也就是说，如果Paul天生有脸盲症，他的家人也会有。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“They usually befriend people with easily recognizable features（特征）.”可知，有脸盲症的孩子通常会和那些特征很容易识别的人交朋友，因此Laura很有可能和最矮的Sarah交朋友。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“However, there are training programs to help these people, such as focusing on the voice, hairstyle and clothing.”可知，现在有一些培训项目可以帮助有脸盲症的人，比如专注于声音、发型和服装。故选B。 5．推理判断题。在文章的第一段中，作者陈述了有些人患有脸盲症这一事实，作者在第二段中解释了“脸盲症”一词，在第四段中，作者对比了脸盲症的成人患者和儿童患者的区别。因此文章没有采用讲故事的写作手法。故选B。 10 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了学生养成健康生活方式的方法。 1．根据“School life should be fun and enjoyable. Everyone can make friends and have a wonderful life at school. But there may be less time to have a healthy lifestyle (生活方式). Without it, students may get ill more easily.”可知，该空引领全文，要引出养成健康生活方式的方法，所以选项E“为了保持健康，你可以尝试以下方法”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据上文“A healthy lifestyle starts with a good eating habit, so what you eat is very important”可知，该处是介绍好的饮食习惯带来的好处，所以选项B“健康的饮食习惯有很多好处”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据本段内容和“So a person who can exercise with you is important.”可知，这里是介绍另一种方法，且与找人一起锻炼有关，所以选项A“试着找一个可以一起锻炼的人”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“So a person who can exercise with you is important.”和“It gives you a way of making friends and relaxing.”可知，该处是引出找人一起锻炼的其他理由，所以选项G“与此同时，和别人一起做运动也很有趣”符合语境。故选G。 5．根据下文“So you should pay much attention to having classes and finishing homework on time.”可知，该处是和学习有关，所以选项C“学习对学生来说仍然是一件重要的事情”符合语境。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$