专题03 完形填空（上海十六区一模） -【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

专题03 完形填空 编者按：2025年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年浦东新区一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these (21)_________ clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged(贴标签) #cute. The demand is more (22)_________: those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. Long dismissed as girlish and silly, cuteness has recently become a subject of serious (23)_________, inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named “Cute Studies”. A new exhibition in London also examined the dominance of cute qualities in culture, bringing together art, games and toys. Cuteness “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, the organizer. “It has made its way into almost every element of our lives.” What do humans perceive to be cute? In the 1940s, Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian zoologist, found that people are (25)_________ to babies with big eyes and a small nose, as well as short arms, legs, because they bring joy. So obsessed with these characteristics that cats and dogs may have been (26)_________ to bring out those same features. Cartoon characters have evolved as well. (27)_________, Mickey Mouse’s arms, legs and nose have shrunk while his head and eyes have become larger. It was exactly in the 20th century that cuteness dug in its (28)_________ claw(爪). Walt Disney brought a parade of wide-eyed creatures across the world. Japanese kawaii culture also went global. After the emergence of mass production, cute toys became (29)_________ attainable across the market. Sanrio, the company behind the Hello Kitty brand, (30)_________ this trend, generating $3.8 billion in annual sales by producing products on an unmatched scale. Then, with the Internet, cuteness became (31)_________ on demand. People could share amusing content of their children or favorite animals any time. In 2022, more than 90,000 videos of cats were uploaded to a major social media platform every day. Cuteness has real-world uses. Lovot, a wide-eyed companion robot, responds (32)_________ when hugged. Such an innovation may help relieve (33)_______ among the elderly. Policymakers, too, might employ this power to (34)________ people’s behaviour. Putting images on bins of sea turtles or dolphins trapped in rubbish has been shown to reduce plastic waste. Mr. Kringelbach says that an appreciation for cute things is a(n) (35)_________ in itself, but it also “has the potential to change the world”. So why not use the power of cuteness to create a better, more loving world? 21. A. live B. casual C. adorable D. interactive 22. A. substantial B. urgent C. reasonable D. practical 23. A. commitment B. inquiry C. hazard D. competition 24. A. taken over B. broken in C. dated back D. fallen apart 25. A. accustomed B. exposed C. introduced D. attracted 26. A. walked B. shaped C. entertained D. monitored 27. A. On the contrary B. In addition C. For instance D. In other words 28. A. sharp B. scary C. powerful D. tiny 29. A. occasionally B. potentially C. temporarily D. readily 30. A. took advantage of B. looked forward to C. broke away from D. came up with 31. A. available B. flexible C. digital D. fundamental 32. A. thoroughly B. indifferently C. awkwardly D. positively 33. A. distraction B. duties C. loneliness D. doubts 34. A. redirect B. excuse C. display D. reward 35. A. issue B. delight C. reminder D. feature （二） （2025年闵行一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging（无线电标记）. To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 22 . One organization that 23 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos （犀牛） in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fit the collars 24 female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 25 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 26 , as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended 27 of altering the rhinos' behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 28 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos' activities without the use of any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers' knowledge could be effectively 29 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 30 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 31 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 32 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 33 , for example, to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 34 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture （湿度）, and movement. To account for these 35 , it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 21. A. flexibility B. diet C. movement D. behavior 22. A. fixed B. updated C. removed D. examined 23. A. opposed B. developed C. promoted D. adopted 24. A. enhanced B. harmed C. tested D. ensured 25. A. lasted B. matched C. failed D. bent 26. A. Therefore B. However C. Likewise D. Moreover 27. A. consequence B. mistake C. cause D. target 28. A. programmers B. photographers C. trackers D. officials 29.A. compared to B. translated into C. integrated into D. classified into 30. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes 31. A. copied B. recognized C. erased D. marked 32. A. budget B. schedule C. blueprint D. database 33. A. purposes B. experiments C. solutions D. services 34. A. limitations B. losses C. challenges D. concerns 35. A. variations B. signs C. factors D. standards （三） （2025年普陀区一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Indonesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavior on video. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wound on his cheek, was seen ___ 21___ a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury. Surprisingly, the wound healed without infection. Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties, which likely ___ 22 ___ his recovery. Rakus's actions demonstrate a deep understanding of botany—a knowledge of plants few humans ___ 23 ___today. Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual ___24 ___ of plants is declining. In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them___ 25 ___ . Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise(专门知识)to ensure our wellbeing. However, the number of professional botanists is shrinking, and this___26 ___ has raised concerns within the field. The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400. While that number has since ___ 27 ___ slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number of institutions offering botany degrees continues to decline, from 76 in 2002 to 59 in 2023. "Botany Ph. Ds. are disappearing, " says Kathryn Parsley, a biologist who focuses on plants but didn't pursue a botany degree due to limited___28___. Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany's decline. The National Science Foundation (NSF), ___29___ , has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, ___30 ___ applied sciences with economic potential. This ___31 ___ impacts university funding decisions, leading many schools to reduce or eliminate botany programs. The declining ___32 ___ in botany is further driven by "plant blindness, "a phenomenon where people ignore plants in their environment, failing to recognize their importance. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not ___33___ , leaving a gap in plant expertise. This ___34___ could become a pressing issue, particularly in sectors like ecological restoration, where plant identification skills are crucial. While some botanists believe the field is evolving rather than disappearing, the demand for plant knowledge remains critical. Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U. S. , seeks to preserve plant expertise. ___35 ___ , the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany. 21. A. covering B. absorbing C. harvesting D. skipping 22. A. accounted for B. put off C. took on D. resulted from 23. A. revise B. enhance C. subscribe D. possess 24. A. sampling B. understanding C. occupation D. organization 25. A. personally B. originally C. naturally D. joyfully 26. A. greed B. tradition C. impression D. trend 27. A. endured B. stimulated C. recovered D. discounted 28. A. edition B. availability C. research D. conservation 29. A. for instance B. for sure C. in case D. on the other hand 30. A. channeling B. equipping C. favoring D. blocking 31. A. entry B. combination C. comparison D. shift 32. A. interest B. emergence C. intention D. evidence 33. A. invited B. replaced C. registered D. involved 34. A. launch B. shortage C. motive D. pattern 35. A. Hence B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Nevertheless （四） （2025年嘉定一模） Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes. For Rovelli, ___21___ isn’t just a means to an end — it’s a way of experiencing the world, asking meaningful questions, and connecting with others. The book celebrates the joy of learning for its own sake, reminding readers that knowledge doesn’t need to be tied to a specific ___22___ to be valuable. In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for ___23___ — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals. Rovelli ___24___ this mindset, showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives. It’s about broadening your mind, exploring new ideas, and finding ___25___ in the process. Rovelli draws on fascinating stories from science, history, and everyday life to make his point. ___26___ , he reflects on the revolutionary thinkers of the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) who dared to question the belief that Earth was the center of the universe. These individuals weren’t ___27___ by profit or fame; they were motivated by pure curiosity and a desire to understand the world. Their discoveries didn’t just change science — they ___28___ how people viewed their place in the universe. Rovelli uses these examples to show that the act of learning itself can be ___29___ , inspiring new ways of thinking and seeing the world. Another key theme in the book is the connection between learning and wonder. Rovelli believes that curiosity is one of humanity’s greatest ____30____ , and he invites readers to cultivate it by exploring topics that arouse their interest. Whether it’s physics, art, philosophy, or even everyday experiences, the process of discovering something ____31____ can be deeply rewarding. He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the ____32____ it might bring. Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations. Instead, it should be a creative, ____33____ journey. He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, Rovelli offers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just about facts or ____35____ — it’s about curiosity, wonder, and the joy of discovering new possibilities. 21. A. kindness B. thinking C. learning D. practice 22. A. preference B. purpose C. problem D. condition 23. A. communication B. success C. cooperation D. survival 24. A. challenges B. maintain C. presents D. extends 25 A. meaning B. solution C. conflict D. distinction 26. A. What’s more B. For example C. As a result D. On the contrary 27. A. rejected B. pursued C. observed D. driven 28. A. shifted B. revealed C. understood D. noticed 29. A. moderate B. appropriate C. expensive D. transformative 30. A. connections B. traditions C. strengths D. innovations 31. A. similar B. funny C. new D. dark 32. A. growth B. grades C. uncertainty D. wisdom 33. A. short B. affordable C. safe D. personal 34. A. unlock B. complicate C. complement D. expose 35. A. motivations B. interests C. results D. questions （五） （2025年虹口一模） Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are ____21____, producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is ____24____ intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can ____25____ being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is ____26____ . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____27____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. ____28____ materials makes sense. Being ____29____, most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a _____30_____ production process. The idea is that once _____31_____ reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not _____32_____. Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) _____33_____ business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such _____34_____ that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. _____35_____ could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 21. A. accepted B. designed C. sold D. stored 22. A. rules B. saves C. heals D. pollutes 23. A. analysis B. availability C. waste D. variety 24. A. green-washing B. cost-cutting C. risk-taking D. trend-setting 25. A. add to B. benefit from C. center around D. invest in 26. A. innovative B. affordable C. profitable D. inefficient 27. A. being defended B. being hurt C. being spread D. being overlooked 28. A. Reusing B. Restoring C. Replacing D. Recharging 29. A. big B. new C. rich D. rare 30. A. full B. primary C. domestic D. circular 31. A. batteries B. factories C. vehicles D. suppliers 32. A. alone B. easy C. safe D. fair 33. A. dynamic B. unsustainable C. inacceptable D. competitive 34. A. gigafactory B. business C. company D. manufacturer 35. A. Exceptions B. Complaints C. Discoveries D. Fortunes （六） （2025年长宁一模） Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the ____21____. One barrier to rural health care is ____22____. Rural communities are ____23____ far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding ____24____ can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals ____25____ that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. ____26____, the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help ____27____ some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in ____28____. Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, ____29____, can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. ______30______ health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often ______31______ than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider ______32______ larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to ______33______ outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is ______35______, these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 21. A. affection B. medication C. inequality D. necessity 22. A. poverty B. environment C. administration D. transportation 23. A. by chance B. by definition C. by contrast D. by necessity 24. A. potential patients B. public service C. medical staff D. reputable experts 25. A. conclude B. predict C. demand D. propose 26. A. Subsequently B. However C. Meanwhile D. Consequently 27. A. sustain B. lessen C. detect D. indicate 28. A. depressed areas B. monitored centres C. other locations D. border regions 29. A. moreover B. otherwise C. therefore D. nevertheless 30. A. Modern B. Mobile C. Mechanical D. Multiple 31. A. cheaper B. less crowded C. fancier D. more endurable 32. A. transitioning to B. competing against C. partnering with D. investing in 33. A. relax B. practice C. specialize D. volunteer 34. A. as opposed to B. as well as C. regardless of D. prior to 35. A. solvable B. urgent C. critical D. complex （七） （2025年徐汇一模） When is anger justified? Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when? One of the most foundational understandings of ____21____ comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there’s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it’s up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it. ____22____, let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely ____23____. But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take? To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you ____24____ talked to your neighbor about this issue? Is it a reasonable time to be playing music? Is your neighbor trying to ____25____ you, or are they just enjoying their evening? Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling ____26____ conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to ____27____ for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is ____28____. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____29____ for your frustration. Although it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____30____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so ____31____ it would harm our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be ____32____. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be ____33____ to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults. So when should you ____34____ anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is ____35____ polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress(压制)your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action. 21. A. motion B. passion C. urge D. anger 22. A. In conclusion B. However C. What’s more D. For example 23. A. exceptional B. understandable C. useless D. tragic 24. A. remotely B. reluctantly C. previously D. ultimately 25. A. upset B. conquer C. imitate D. motivate 26. A. commercial B. domestic C. cultural D. interpersonal 27. A. consult B. blame C. reject D. hide 28. A. discovered B. locked C. untouched D. exploded 29. A. target B. boundary C. position D. reason 30. A. accountable B. adorable C. memorable D. sustainable 31. A. expressing B. removing C. releasing D. following 32. A. simple B. dangerous C. tricky D. sufficient 33. A. mature B. wise C. easy D. wrong 34. A. bring down B. act on C. bottle up D. hold back 35. A. illegally B. remotely C. steadily D. inevitably （八） （2025年杨浦一模） Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social ___21___ and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be ___22___ or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to ___23___. For example, during the mass ___24___ of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘___25___’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more ___26___. Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some ___27___ results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to ___28___ physical motion. People will ___29___ treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to ___30___ in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. ___31___, they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it ___32___ to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot ___33___ away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than ___34___ a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth ___35___ kindness, instead. 21. A. media B. nature C. attitude D. change 22. A. orally B. mentally C. emotionally D. physiologically 23. A. suffer B. assume C. wonder D. inspect 24. A. adjustment B. absence C. awareness D. adoption 25. A. please B. sorry C. nasty D. perfect 26. A. tolerant B. violent C. mature D. inconsistent 27. A. definite B. positive C. inconclusive D. inaccurate 28. A. take in B. originate from C. react to D. associate with 29. A. readily B. coldly C. eventually D. obviously 30. A. emerge B. fade C. cross D. move 31. A. In addition B. After all C. In a way D. On the contrary 32. A. harder B. funnier C. easier D. worse 33. A. exposure B. company C. fancy D. abuse 34. A. mistreating B. mismanaging C. misleading D. misunderstanding 35. A. suspecting B. replacing C. spreading D. practising （九） （2025年静安一模） My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel ____21____ when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) ____22____ of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I ____23____ regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under ____24____. In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided ____25____. However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without ____26____. Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional ____27____. It disturbs mealtimes and sets off ____28____ conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being ____29____ with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any ____30____ to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself ____31____ into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic ____32____ of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, ____33____, is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic ____34____ in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and ____35____ of the world matter, after all. 21. A. regretful B. ashamed C. unique D. refreshed 22. A. co-hosting B. co-existence C. delivery D. co-authoring 23. A. traded for B. enclosed with C. equipped with D. restricted to 24. A. wraps B. guidance C. way D. construction 25. A. evolution B. controversy C. mask D. conquer 26. A. hesitation B. expense C. rhythm D. notice 27. A. negotiation B. routine C. complication D. highlight 28. A. identical B. inharmonious C. illegal D. innovative 29. A. judged B. guided C. reversed D. cheated 30. A. energy B. information C. excuse D. assistance 31. A. imperceptibly B. purposefully C. narrowly D. originally 32. A. output B. obstacle C. combination D. flow 33. A. for example B. however C. in addition D. in general 34. A. profile B. trace C. imitation D. edge 35. A. priority B. civilization C. diversity D. ambition （十） （2025年金山一模） July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot ___21___. People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and ___22___ passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work ___23___? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less ___24___ ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give ___25___ to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had ___26___ jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning ___27___: Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, ___28___ age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, ___29___, they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans ____30____, hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) ____31____ impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also ____32____. In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who ____33____ being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that ____34____ your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel ____35____ about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 21. A. log in B. opt out C. show off D. hurry up 22. A. stranded B. responsible C. hesitant D. embarrassed 23. A. properly B. purposelessly C. continuously D. unwillingly 24. A. accessible B. casual C. dramatic D. dynamic 25. A. rise B. way C. priority D. insight 26. A. created B. switched C. completed D. evaluated 27. A. cause B. concept C. secret D. trend 28. A. rather than B. in case of C. according to D. regardless of 29. A. in practice B. as a result C. in short D. in addition 30. A. exists B. continues C. decreases D. emerges 31. A. negative B. powerful C. immediate D. significant 32. A. cease B. occur C. impress D. vary 33. A. occupied themselves with B. prided themselves on C. concentrated themselves on D. freed themselves of 34. A. lacks B. heightens C. threatens D. maintains 35. A. anxiously B. differently C. strongly D. oddly （十一） （2025年奉贤一模） The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a (n) ___21___ of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a (n) ___22___ to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. ___23___ , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives ___24___ . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.” His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the ___25___ eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to ___26___ in the air. “Poetry, ” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the ___27___ . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold ___28___ us.” He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the ___29___ burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father ____30____ your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to ____31____ his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even ____32____ what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often ____33____ by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd, ” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to ____34____ . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s. ” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his ____35____ , finding the courage to speak up and express himself. Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook 22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity 23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific 25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching 26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide 27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense 28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within 29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music 30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel 31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain 32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond 33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked 34. A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward 35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. space （十二） （2025年黄浦区一模） Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by ____21____ themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of ____22____. It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to ____23____ positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that ____24____ moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus ____25____ your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward. Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set. Expand your joy ____26____: Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be ____27____, using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): ____28____ what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to ____29____ the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) ______30______. But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible ______31______. If you’re tired, ______32______ smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ______33______ experiences. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel ______34______ with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly ______35______ disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 21. A. attracting B. demonstrating C. entertaining D. training 22. A. accomplishment B. belonging C. identity D. responsibility 23. A. broaden B. postpone C. provide D. share 24. A. critical B. daily C. rare D. spare 25. A. recalling B. recovering C. searching D. strengthening 26. A. reflection B. selection C. trial D. vocabulary 27. A. brief B. creative C. precise D. secure 28 A. Broadcasting B. Choosing C. Defining D. Wondering 29. A. cover B. divide C. teach D. notice 30. A. failure B. opportunity C. reward D. surprise 31. A. initiative B. outcome C. prize D. solution 32. A. avoid B. imagine C. practice D. try 33. A. direct B. inspiring C. sensory D. shared 34. A. content B. distracted C. easy D. uncomfortable 35. A. ending in B. guarding against C. heading for D. preparing for （十三） （2025年松江一模） At the ancient Olympics in Greece, athletes weren’t the only stars of the show. The game also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences. Competitors employed bigger names to write poems of their ___21___ , which choruses performed at celebrations. Physical strength and ___22___ skills were closely linked. Thousands of years later, this image ___23___ Pierre de Coubertin, a French nobleman known as the founder of the modern Olympics. The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics. The idea can be traced back to Plato’ s Republic, in which Socrates highlights the virtue of education that combines “gymnastics for the body and music for the ___24___ . ” Coubertin pictured a competition that would ___25___ muscle and mind. But his fellow organizers never fully shared his vision. The 1896 Games included only ___26___ competitions, such as swimming and fencing. Several new events, for instance, water polo in 1900 and boxing in1904, made their first appearance; ___27___ , muscle and mind remained firmly unrelated. Coubertin ___28___ — on August 5, 1904, he published an article, writing “… the arts and literature joined with sport to ensure the greatness of the Olympic Games. The same must be true in the future. . . ” when officials announced that Rome would host the 1908 Olympics. Coubertin argued that the partnership of sport and art had outlasted the destruction of Olympia, and the time had come to ___29___ this ideal completely. Since the first three modern Games had gotten the ball rolling, it was “possible and ____30____ to bring muscles and thought together again. ” Two years later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) held a conference to seriously discuss “to what extent and in what form the arts and literature can participate. ” The event program listed several arts categories that were ____31____ . Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competitions to the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture. All works entered into these categories, ____32____ named the Pentathlon of the Muses (缪斯五项) . They would need to be inspired by sports, bringing back the ancient harmony that Coubertin had ____33____ . In 1949, 12 years after Coubertin’s death, nevertheless, the IOC decided to ____34____ the art competitions, citing that most of the participants relied on their artistic work for a living and it was illogical to allow professionals to win Olympic medals. Today there are occasional ____35____ to bring the artistic competitions back. We do hope one day we can witness a wholly new Olympics. 21. A. knowledge B. victories C. interests D. liberty 22. A. sporting B. academic C. literary D. communicative 23. A. disturbed B. charmed C. tricked D. described 24. A. organizers B. competitors C. public D. soul 25. A. reunite B. compare C. distinguish D. refresh 26. A. athletic B. popular C. amateur D. fierce 27. A. otherwise B. likewise C. however D. moreover 28. A. stressed out B. felt prejudiced C. moved forward D. settled down 29. A. challenge B. restore C. evaluate D. abandon 30. A. troublesome B. imaginative C. annoying D. desirable 31. A. under control B. under consideration C. in use D. in progress 32. A. typically B. confusingly C. frequently D. collectively 33. A. expected B. suspended C. created D. legalized 34. A. justify B. discontinue C. stage D. enrich 35. A. rejections B. guidelines C. calls D. decisions （十四） （2025年青浦一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ever wondered why you reach for a snack after hitting the gym? Research shows that physical exercise often leads to __21__ food consumption. With countless sports events __22__, a new question arises: Can watching sports on a screen also influence how much we eat? The answer is yes. Our research reveals that watching sports videos can increase candy consumption. But there is more to the story: the __23__ of the sports you are watching plays a crucial role in these effects. We first invited 112 students to the lab to watch a video and test some candies. The students who saw the sports video ate more candies than those who saw the one without physical activity. To learn more, we invited just the female students to watch videos __24__ either easy or difficult-to-perform sports. Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more. We can thus conclude that the ease of the exercise shown __25__ impacts candy consumption. To explain our findings, we looked at research on goal __26__. When people feel they are not meeting a goal, they push harder; but once they see __27__, they tend to relax. For example, after a workout, those aiming to stay fit might feel they have achieved advancement and then ease up on their efforts. This can lead to a __28__ in the drive to pursue related goals, like healthy eating. Research shows that achieving smaller goals (like exercising) can make people feel they have earned a(n) __29__, which results in overeating. So completing a workout might make you more likely to __30__ yourself with extra food than if you had not finished your session. So what is the __31__ for us? Be mindful of how watching sports can affect our eating habits. If you are aiming to stay on track with your diet, watch more __32__ sports. Moreover, when setting dieting goals, remind yourself that real progress comes from __33__ effort, not just imagining yourself doing a workout. Engage in activities that genuinely challenge you, and pair them with healthy eating habits. This way, you can avoid the trap of feeling the fitness goal to be __34__ accomplished and then overeating. In conclusion, should you watch the Olympic Games if you want to __35__ your diet? Of course, but it might be better to choose the physical activities you find the most difficult to perform — and watch them without moderation. 21. A. wasteful B. increased C. processed D. healthy 22. A. airing B. happening C. celebrating D. unfolding 23. A. category B. length C. difficulty D. audience 24. A. testing B. promoting C. capturing D. explaining 25. A. misleadingly B. frequently C. rarely D. significantly 26. A. feasibility B. motivation C. visualization D. clarity 27. A. hope B. videos C. treats D. progress 28. A. delay B. drop C. doubt D. confidence 29. A. break B. honor C. diet D. title 30. A. sustain B. prepare C. cheat D. reward 31. A. transition B. stimulation C. implication D. intervention 32. A. instructive B. relaxing C. influential D. challenging 33. A. consistent B. prospective C. ultimate D. individual 34. A. overly B. barely C. prematurely D. remarkably 35. A. put up with B. keep up with C. make up for D. set up for （十五） （2025年崇明一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21. A. shortages B. restrictions C. contributions D. threats 22. A. doubling B. growing C. continuing D. varying 23. A. cultural B. previous C. peak D. commercial 24. A. limited B. extended C. publicized D. concealed 25. A. confused B. amazed C. scared D. disappointed 26. A. expanded B. constructed C. decorated D. repaired 27. A. exclusively B. digitally C. subjectively D. autonomously 28. A. clarified B. highlighted C. covered D. strategized 29. A. comes across B. turns over C. leaves behind D. lets alone 30. A. global B. professional C. technological D. different 31. A. complicated B. irreproducible C. controversial D. immovable 32. A. virtual B. temporary C. conventional D. steady 33. A. imitated B. accessed C. praised D. purchased 34. A. reject B. provide C. adjust D. classify 35. A. adaptation B. attention C. admission D. commitment （十六） （2025年宝山一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. __21__ , people's facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people's language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro's book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help __22__ that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is __23__. Even when people don't lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are __24__ with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid __25__ their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so __26__ when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) __27__ to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one's eyes may be a sign of __28__ with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes __29__, they might just be tired. When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot. For example, if someone keeps looking away from you, they might be distracted or uncomfortable, and pressing one's lips together often indicates __30__. And if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth, it might mean they are __31__ something. Some people have become good at controlling their facial expressions to conceal their __32__. When dealing with someone like that, look at the rest of their body, especially their feet and legs. Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited. __33__, if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don't like. And posture also __34__. Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel __35__ or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 21. A. Frequently B. Generally C. Fortunately D. Frankly 22. A. provide B. develop C. discover D. arouse 23. A. lying B. thinking C. changing D. wishing 24. A. cooperating B. negotiating C. investigating D. interacting 25. A. misguiding B. misinterpreting C. mistrusting D. mismanaging 26. A. look out B. give out C. figure out D. put out 27. A. reaction B. result C. instinct D. insight 28. A. satisfaction B. anxiety C. appreciation D. discomfort 29. A. occasionally B. constantly C. suddenly D. gradually 30. A. agreement B. excitement C. depression D. displeasure 31. A. hiding B. criticizing C. transferring D. explaining 32. A. habits B. expressions C. emotions D. advantages 33. A. In principle B. In contrast C. In all D. In reality 34. A. adjusts B. follows C. moves D. matters 35. A. defensive B. ambitious C. dependent D. aggressive 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 完形填空 编者按：2025年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年浦东新区一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these (21)_________ clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged(贴标签) #cute. The demand is more (22)_________: those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. Long dismissed as girlish and silly, cuteness has recently become a subject of serious (23)_________, inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named “Cute Studies”. A new exhibition in London also examined the dominance of cute qualities in culture, bringing together art, games and toys. Cuteness “has (24)_________”, says Claire Catterall, the organizer. “It has made its way into almost every element of our lives.” What do humans perceive to be cute? In the 1940s, Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian zoologist, found that people are (25)_________ to babies with big eyes and a small nose, as well as short arms, legs, because they bring joy. So obsessed with these characteristics that cats and dogs may have been (26)_________ to bring out those same features. Cartoon characters have evolved as well. (27)_________, Mickey Mouse’s arms, legs and nose have shrunk while his head and eyes have become larger. It was exactly in the 20th century that cuteness dug in its (28)_________ claw(爪). Walt Disney brought a parade of wide-eyed creatures across the world. Japanese kawaii culture also went global. After the emergence of mass production, cute toys became (29)_________ attainable across the market. Sanrio, the company behind the Hello Kitty brand, (30)_________ this trend, generating $3.8 billion in annual sales by producing products on an unmatched scale. Then, with the Internet, cuteness became (31)_________ on demand. People could share amusing content of their children or favorite animals any time. In 2022, more than 90,000 videos of cats were uploaded to a major social media platform every day. Cuteness has real-world uses. Lovot, a wide-eyed companion robot, responds (32)_________ when hugged. Such an innovation may help relieve (33)_______ among the elderly. Policymakers, too, might employ this power to (34)________ people’s behaviour. Putting images on bins of sea turtles or dolphins trapped in rubbish has been shown to reduce plastic waste. Mr. Kringelbach says that an appreciation for cute things is a(n) (35)_________ in itself, but it also “has the potential to change the world”. So why not use the power of cuteness to create a better, more loving world? 21. A. live B. casual C. adorable D. interactive 22. A. substantial B. urgent C. reasonable D. practical 23. A. commitment B. inquiry C. hazard D. competition 24. A. taken over B. broken in C. dated back D. fallen apart 25. A. accustomed B. exposed C. introduced D. attracted 26. A. walked B. shaped C. entertained D. monitored 27. A. On the contrary B. In addition C. For instance D. In other words 28. A. sharp B. scary C. powerful D. tiny 29. A. occasionally B. potentially C. temporarily D. readily 30. A. took advantage of B. looked forward to C. broke away from D. came up with 31. A. available B. flexible C. digital D. fundamental 32. A. thoroughly B. indifferently C. awkwardly D. positively 33. A. distraction B. duties C. loneliness D. doubts 34. A. redirect B. excuse C. display D. reward 35. A. issue B. delight C. reminder D. feature 参考答案： 21. C 22. A 23. B 24.A 25.D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29.D 30. A 31.A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【导语】 文章围绕 “可爱” 这一主题展开，主要探讨了可爱文化在现代社会的盛行、其产生的原因、发展历程以及实际应用。 · 可爱内容的供需现状：社交媒体上可爱视频数量庞大，需求可观，“可爱” 已从被轻视转变为严肃研究的主题，伦敦还举办相关展览，组织者称其已融入生活各元素。 · 可爱的标准及影响：20 世纪 40 年代，奥地利动物学家发现人类易被大眼睛、小鼻子等特征的婴儿吸引，受此影响，猫狗及卡通形象也朝着凸显这些可爱特征演变。 · 可爱文化的发展：20 世纪，迪士尼及日本卡哇伊文化推动可爱文化走向全球，大规模生产使可爱玩具在市场上随处可得，三丽鸥公司借此取得巨额销售业绩。互联网的出现让可爱内容按需可得，人们可随时分享可爱瞬间。 · 可爱的现实应用：可爱具有实际用途，如宽眼的陪伴机器人 Lovot 被拥抱时积极回应，有助于缓解老年人孤独；政策制定者利用可爱元素引导人们减少塑料垃圾。文章指出欣赏可爱事物本身是一种乐趣，且有改变世界的潜力，呼吁利用可爱的力量创造美好世界。 答案解析 21. C：根据前文 “a cute video will appear” 以及后文 “those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times” 可知，这里说的是可爱的视频片段，“adorable” 意为 “可爱的”，符合语境。“live” 意为 “现场的”；“casual” 意为 “随意的”；“interactive” 意为 “互动的”，均不符合此处对可爱视频片段的描述，所以选 C。 22. A：由 “those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times” 可知，对可爱视频的需求是巨大的。“substantial” 意为 “大量的，可观的”，符合语境。“urgent” 意为 “紧急的”；“reasonable” 意为 “合理的”；“practical” 意为 “实际的”，均不符合需求巨大这一语境，所以选 A。 23. B：根据后文 “inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named ‘Cute Studies’” 可知，可爱已经成为严肃研究的对象。“inquiry” 意为 “探究，调查”，符合语境。“commitment” 意为 “承诺，奉献”；“hazard” 意为 “危险”；“competition” 意为 “竞争”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。 24. A：根据后文 “It has made its way into almost every element of our lives.” 可知，可爱已经占据了主导地位。“taken over” 意为 “接管，占据主导地位”，符合语境。“broken in” 意为 “闯入，打断”；“dated back” 意为 “追溯到”；“fallen apart” 意为 “破裂，崩溃”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。 25. D：根据前文 “people are... to babies with big eyes and a small nose” 可知，人们被大眼睛、小鼻子的婴儿所吸引。“attracted” 意为 “被吸引”，符合语境。“accustomed” 意为 “习惯的”；“exposed” 意为 “暴露的”；“introduced” 意为 “被介绍”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。 26. B：根据前文 “So obsessed with these characteristics” 可知，人们对这些可爱的特征如此着迷，以至于猫和狗可能被塑造出同样的特征。“shaped” 意为 “塑造”，符合语境。“walked” 意为 “走路”；“entertained” 意为 “娱乐”；“monitored” 意为 “监控”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。 27. C：前文说卡通人物也在进化，后文以米老鼠为例说明，“For instance” 意为 “例如”，符合语境。“On the contrary” 意为 “相反”；“In addition” 意为 “此外”；“In other words” 意为 “换句话说”，均不符合语境，所以选 C。 28. D：这里形容爪子，结合前文提到的可爱的特征，“tiny” 意为 “微小的”，与可爱的形象相呼应，符合语境。“sharp” 意为 “锋利的”；“scary” 意为 “可怕的”；“powerful” 意为 “强大的”，均不符合可爱这一主题，所以选 D。 29. D：根据前文 “After the emergence of mass production” 可知，大规模生产后，可爱的玩具在市场上很容易买到。“readily” 意为 “容易地，乐意地”，符合语境。“occasionally” 意为 “偶尔”；“potentially” 意为 “潜在地”；“temporarily” 意为 “暂时地”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。 30. A：根据后文 “generating $3.8 billion in annual sales by producing products on an unmatched scale” 可知，三丽鸥公司利用了这一趋势。“took advantage of” 意为 “利用”，符合语境。“looked forward to” 意为 “期待”；“broke away from” 意为 “脱离”；“came up with” 意为 “想出”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。 31. A：根据后文 “People could share amusing content of their children or favorite animals any time.” 可知，有了互联网，可爱的内容随时可获取。“available” 意为 “可获得的”，符合语境。“flexible” 意为 “灵活的”；“digital” 意为 “数字的”；“fundamental” 意为 “基本的”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。 32. D：根据前文 “Cuteness has real - world uses.” 以及后文 “Such an innovation may help relieve...” 可知，这个陪伴机器人在被拥抱时会积极回应。“positively” 意为 “积极地”，符合语境。“thoroughly” 意为 “彻底地”；“indifferently” 意为 “冷漠地”；“awkwardly” 意为 “尴尬地”，均不符合语境，所以选 D。 33. C：根据前文 “a wide - eyed companion robot” 可知，这种创新可能有助于缓解老年人的孤独感。“loneliness” 意为 “孤独”，符合语境。“distraction” 意为 “分心”；“duties” 意为 “职责”；“doubts” 意为 “怀疑”，均不符合语境，所以选 C。 34. A：根据后文 “Putting images on bins of sea turtles or dolphins trapped in rubbish has been shown to reduce plastic waste.” 可知，政策制定者可以利用可爱的力量来引导人们的行为。“redirect” 意为 “重新引导”，符合语境。“excuse” 意为 “原谅，借口”；“display” 意为 “展示”；“reward” 意为 “奖励”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。 35. B：根据前文 “Cuteness has real - world uses.” 以及后文 “but it also ‘has the potential to change the world’” 可知，对可爱事物的欣赏本身就是一种乐趣。“delight” 意为 “乐趣”，符合语境。“issue” 意为 “问题”；“reminder” 意为 “提醒”；“feature” 意为 “特征”，均不符合语境，所以选 B。 （二） （2025年闵行一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging（无线电标记）. To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 22 . One organization that 23 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos （犀牛） in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fit the collars 24 female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 25 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 26 , as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended 27 of altering the rhinos' behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 28 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos' activities without the use of any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers' knowledge could be effectively 29 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 30 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 31 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 32 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 33 , for example, to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 34 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture （湿度）, and movement. To account for these 35 , it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 21. A. flexibility B. diet C. movement D. behavior 22. A. fixed B. updated C. removed D. examined 23. A. opposed B. developed C. promoted D. adopted 24. A. enhanced B. harmed C. tested D. ensured 25. A. lasted B. matched C. failed D. bent 26. A. Therefore B. However C. Likewise D. Moreover 27. A. consequence B. mistake C. cause D. target 28. A. programmers B. photographers C. trackers D. officials 29.A. compared to B. translated into C. integrated into D. classified into 30. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes 31. A. copied B. recognized C. erased D. marked 32. A. budget B. schedule C. blueprint D. database 33. A. purposes B. experiments C. solutions D. services 34. A. limitations B. losses C. challenges D. concerns 35. A. variations B. signs C. factors D. standards 答案： 21.C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C31. 35. A 文章大意 本文主要探讨了濒危物种的监测方法。传统监测野生动物（尤其是大型动物）的方法是无线电标记，但该方法存在诸多弊端，如影响犀牛繁殖能力、设备易损坏需更换、会伤害动物并改变其行为，导致数据不可靠。与此同时，WildTrack 团队发现当地追踪者能通过脚印识别个体动物，且无需侵入性技术。基于此，团队思考能否将追踪者的知识转化为计算机化技术。实际上，每个动物个体的脚印都有独特特征，通过拍照和测量其脚印特征，可建立数据库用于识别动物及其活动，收集的数据能用于多种目的。不过，从脚印识别动物也面临挑战，因为脚印会因地面类型、湿度和动物移动等因素而不同，所以需要从不同表面收集多个脚印以应对这些变化。 答案解析 21. C：文章围绕监测濒危物种展开，研究野生动物的移动、活动范围和习性对保护其栖息地至关重要。“movement”（移动）符合语境，而 “flexibility”（灵活性）、“diet”（饮食）、“behavior”（行为）在文中虽也相关，但结合后文主要讨论通过监测动物移动来保护它们，“movement” 最为合适，所以选 C。 22. A：传统监测方法是无线电标记，首先要捕获动物，目的是安装无线电项圈，“fixed”（安装，固定）符合将项圈固定在动物身上的意思，“updated”（更新）、“removed”（移除）、“examined”（检查）均不符合语境，所以选 A。 23. D：WildTrack 这个组织采用了无线电标记技术，“adopted”（采用，采纳）符合语境，“opposed”（反对）与文意相悖，“developed”（发展）和 “promoted”（推广）在此处不如 “adopted” 准确，所以选 D。 24. B：文中提到给犀牛安装项圈使用的化学物质对雌性犀牛的生育能力产生了不好的影响，“harmed”（损害，伤害）符合语境，“enhanced”（增强）、“tested”（测试）、“ensured”（确保）均不符合对生育能力产生负面影响的描述，所以选 B。 25. C：根据后文 “had to be replaced” 可知，很大一部分无线电项圈在最初 6 个月内就出现故障不能用了，“failed”（失败，此处指设备失灵）符合语境，“lasted”（持续）、“matched”（匹配）、“bent”（弯曲）均不符合设备需要更换所暗示的设备故障的语境，所以选 C。 26. D：前文提到了安装无线电项圈的一些问题，这里进一步说明随着动物长大，项圈会变紧，对动物造成困扰，“Moreover”（此外，而且）用于进一步补充说明问题，“Therefore”（因此）表因果，“However”（然而）表转折，“Likewise”（同样地）不符合此处递进的逻辑，所以选 D。 27. A：这种方法不仅成本高，还产生了改变犀牛行为的意外后果，“consequence”（后果）符合语境，“mistake”（错误）、“cause”（原因）、“target”（目标）均不符合 “改变犀牛行为” 这一结果的描述，所以选 A。 28. C：从后文 “Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints.” 可知，这里指的是当地追踪者，“trackers”（追踪者）符合语境，“programmers”（程序员）、“photographers”（摄影师）、“officials”（官员）均不符合能通过脚印识别动物的语境，所以选 C。 29. B：团队想知道追踪者的知识能否有效地转化为一种用于监测动物移动的计算机化技术，“translated into”（转化为）符合语境，“compared to”（与…… 相比）、“integrated into”（融入）、“classified into”（分类为）均不符合将知识转化为技术的意思，所以选 B。 30. A：每个动物个体都有自己独特的脚印特征，“features”（特征）符合语境，“sizes”（尺寸）、“colors”（颜色）、“shapes”（形状）都过于片面，“features” 可涵盖这些方面，所以选 A。 31. B：如果动物的脚印特征被正确拍摄和测量，那么无论何时再次看到它的脚印就能被识别，“recognized”（识别）符合语境，“copied”（复制）、“erased”（擦除）、“marked”（标记）均不符合通过脚印特征识别动物的语境，所以选 B。 32. D：重复上述操作后，保护主义者可以建立一个所有或至少大部分个体的数据库，“database”（数据库）符合语境，“budget”（预算）、“schedule”（日程安排）、“blueprint”（蓝图）均不符合建立用于识别动物的信息库的语境，所以选 D。 33. A：收集的数据可以用于一系列目的，“purposes”（目的）符合语境，“experiments”（实验）、“solutions”（解决方案）、“services”（服务）在文中没有依据表明数据用于这些方面，所以选 A。 34. C：从脚印识别动物并非没有挑战，后文说明了原因，“challenges”（挑战）符合语境，“limitations”（限制）更侧重于本身的局限性，“losses”（损失）、“concerns”（担忧）不符合后文描述的因脚印变化带来的实际困难这一语境，所以选 C。 35. A：为了应对脚印因地面类型、湿度和移动等因素产生的变化，需要从不同表面收集多个脚印，“variations”（变化）符合语境，“signs”（迹象）、“factors”（因素）、“standards”（标准）均不符合语境，所以选 A。 （三） （2025年普陀区一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Indonesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavior on video. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wound on his cheek, was seen ___ 21___ a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury. Surprisingly, the wound healed without infection. Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties, which likely ___ 22 ___ his recovery. Rakus's actions demonstrate a deep understanding of botany—a knowledge of plants few humans ___ 23 ___today. Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual ___24 ___ of plants is declining. In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them___ 25 ___ . Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise(专门知识)to ensure our wellbeing. However, the number of professional botanists is shrinking, and this___26 ___ has raised concerns within the field. The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400. While that number has since ___ 27 ___ slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number of institutions offering botany degrees continues to decline, from 76 in 2002 to 59 in 2023. "Botany Ph. Ds. are disappearing, " says Kathryn Parsley, a biologist who focuses on plants but didn't pursue a botany degree due to limited___28___. Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany's decline. The National Science Foundation (NSF), ___29___ , has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, ___30 ___ applied sciences with economic potential. This ___31 ___ impacts university funding decisions, leading many schools to reduce or eliminate botany programs. The declining ___32 ___ in botany is further driven by "plant blindness, "a phenomenon where people ignore plants in their environment, failing to recognize their importance. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not ___33___ , leaving a gap in plant expertise. This ___34___ could become a pressing issue, particularly in sectors like ecological restoration, where plant identification skills are crucial. While some botanists believe the field is evolving rather than disappearing, the demand for plant knowledge remains critical. Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U. S. , seeks to preserve plant expertise. ___35 ___ , the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany. 21. A. covering B. absorbing C. harvesting D. skipping 22. A. accounted for B. put off C. took on D. resulted from 23. A. revise B. enhance C. subscribe D. possess 24. A. sampling B. understanding C. occupation D. organization 25. A. personally B. originally C. naturally D. joyfully 26. A. greed B. tradition C. impression D. trend 27. A. endured B. stimulated C. recovered D. discounted 28. A. edition B. availability C. research D. conservation 29. A. for instance B. for sure C. in case D. on the other hand 30. A. channeling B. equipping C. favoring D. blocking 31. A. entry B. combination C. comparison D. shift 32. A. interest B. emergence C. intention D. evidence 33. A. invited B. replaced C. registered D. involved 34. A. launch B. shortage C. motive D. pattern 35. A. Hence B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Nevertheless 答案： 21-25 CADBA 26-30 DCBAC 31-35 DABBD 文章大意 文章主要讲述了植物学领域面临的现状。在印度尼西亚，野生猿 Rakus 利用具有药用特性的植物治疗伤口，显示出对植物的深刻了解。然而，尽管人类对植物科学的集体知识在增长，但个体对植物的了解却在下降，专业植物学家数量也在减少。2015 年美国颁发的植物学学位数量下降，尽管 2023 年有所回升，但提供植物学学位的机构数量持续减少。资金转向是导致植物学衰落的主要因素，如美国国家科学基金会将资金优先投向具有经济潜力的应用科学，影响了大学对植物学项目的资金投入。此外，“植物盲” 现象使人们忽视植物重要性，导致植物学领域兴趣降低，植物学教授退休后常无人接替，造成专业知识缺口。尽管有人认为植物学在演变而非消失，且有相关立法试图保护植物学专业知识，但维持植物学关键技能的挑战依然严峻。 答案解析 21. C：根据后文 “chewing them up, and applying them to his injury” 可知，Rakus 是先 “采集” 一种叶子，然后咀嚼并敷在伤口上。“harvesting”（采集，收获）符合语境，“covering”（覆盖）、“absorbing”（吸收）、“skipping”（跳过）均不符合采集叶子这一动作，所以选 C。 22. A：研究表明这些植物具有药用特性，这很可能 “解释了” 他伤口愈合的原因。“accounted for”（解释，说明…… 的原因）符合语境，“put off”（推迟）、“took on”（承担，呈现）、“resulted from”（由…… 导致）均不符合，所以选 A。 23. D：Rakus 的行为展示了对植物学的深刻理解，这种关于植物的知识现在很少有人 “拥有”。“possess”（拥有）符合语境，“revise”（修订）、“enhance”（提高）、“subscribe”（订阅，同意）均不符合，所以选 D。 24. B：前文提到人类对植物科学的集体知识在增长，通过 “although” 转折可知，个体对植物的 “理解” 在下降。“understanding”（理解）符合语境，“sampling”（采样）、“occupation”（职业）、“organization”（组织）均不符合，所以选 B。 25. A：在现代生活中，虽然我们仍依赖植物生存，但很少有人觉得 “个人” 有必要深入了解它们。“personally”（个人地）符合语境，“originally”（最初地）、“naturally”（自然地）、“joyfully”（快乐地）均不符合，所以选 A。 26. D：专业植物学家数量减少这一 “趋势” 在该领域引发了担忧。“trend”（趋势）符合语境，“greed”（贪婪）、“tradition”（传统）、“impression”（印象）均不符合，所以选 D。 27. C：2015 年美国颁发的植物学学位数量降至 400 以下，从 “while” 可知，2023 年数量有所 “恢复”，达到 489 个。“recovered”（恢复）符合语境，“endured”（忍受）、“stimulated”（刺激）、“discounted”（打折）均不符合，所以选 C。 28. B：生物学家 Kathryn Parsley 因可获得的机会有限，没有攻读植物学学位。“availability”（可获得性）符合语境，“edition”（版本）、“research”（研究）、“conservation”（保护）均不符合，所以选 B。 29. A：此处以美国国家科学基金会为例说明资金转向是导致植物学衰落的主要因素，“for instance”（例如）符合语境，“for sure”（肯定地）、“in case”（万一）、“on the other hand”（另一方面）均不符合，所以选 A。 30. C：美国国家科学基金会将资金优先从传统植物学转移开，“青睐” 具有经济潜力的应用科学。“favoring”（青睐，偏爱）符合语境，“channeling”（引导）、“equipping”（装备）、“blocking”（阻碍）均不符合，所以选 C。 31. D：这种资金的 “转移” 影响了大学的资金决策。“shift”（转移）符合语境，前文提到资金优先方向的改变，“entry”（进入）、“combination”（结合）、“comparison”（比较）均不符合，所以选 D。 32. A：“植物盲” 现象进一步导致人们对植物学的 “兴趣” 下降。“interest”（兴趣）符合语境，“emergence”（出现）、“intention”（意图）、“evidence”（证据）均不符合，所以选 A。 33. B：在美国和英国，植物学教授退休后，往往没有被 “接替”，留下了植物专业知识的缺口。“replaced”（接替，取代）符合语境，“invited”（邀请）、“registered”（注册）、“involved”（涉及）均不符合，所以选 B。 34. B：上文提到教授退休后无人接替，这种 “短缺” 可能成为一个紧迫的问题。“shortage”（短缺）符合语境，“launch”（发射，发起）、“motive”（动机）、“pattern”（模式）均不符合，所以选 B。 35. D：虽然有立法试图保护植物学专业知识，但维持植物学关键技能的挑战依然存在，前后为转折关系。“Nevertheless”（然而）符合语境，“Hence”（因此）表因果，“Moreover”（此外）表递进，“Meanwhile”（同时）表并列，均不符合，所以选 D。 （四） （2025年嘉定一模） Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes. For Rovelli, ___21___ isn’t just a means to an end — it’s a way of experiencing the world, asking meaningful questions, and connecting with others. The book celebrates the joy of learning for its own sake, reminding readers that knowledge doesn’t need to be tied to a specific ___22___ to be valuable. In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for ___23___ — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals. Rovelli ___24___ this mindset, showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives. It’s about broadening your mind, exploring new ideas, and finding ___25___ in the process. Rovelli draws on fascinating stories from science, history, and everyday life to make his point. ___26___ , he reflects on the revolutionary thinkers of the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) who dared to question the belief that Earth was the center of the universe. These individuals weren’t ___27___ by profit or fame; they were motivated by pure curiosity and a desire to understand the world. Their discoveries didn’t just change science — they ___28___ how people viewed their place in the universe. Rovelli uses these examples to show that the act of learning itself can be ___29___ , inspiring new ways of thinking and seeing the world. Another key theme in the book is the connection between learning and wonder. Rovelli believes that curiosity is one of humanity’s greatest ____30____ , and he invites readers to cultivate it by exploring topics that arouse their interest. Whether it’s physics, art, philosophy, or even everyday experiences, the process of discovering something ____31____ can be deeply rewarding. He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the ____32____ it might bring. Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations. Instead, it should be a creative, ____33____ journey. He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, Rovelli offers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just about facts or ____35____ — it’s about curiosity, wonder, and the joy of discovering new possibilities. 21. A. kindness B. thinking C. learning D. practice 22. A. preference B. purpose C. problem D. condition 23. A. communication B. success C. cooperation D. survival 24. A. challenges B. maintain C. presents D. extends 25 A. meaning B. solution C. conflict D. distinction 26. A. What’s more B. For example C. As a result D. On the contrary 27. A. rejected B. pursued C. observed D. driven 28. A. shifted B. revealed C. understood D. noticed 29. A. moderate B. appropriate C. expensive D. transformative 30. A. connections B. traditions C. strengths D. innovations 31. A. similar B. funny C. new D. dark 32. A. growth B. grades C. uncertainty D. wisdom 33. A. short B. affordable C. safe D. personal 34. A. unlock B. complicate C. complement D. expose 35. A. motivations B. interests C. results D. questions 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carlo Rovelli的书中强调了非功利性学习的重要性，鼓励对知识的追求与探究。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于Rovelli来说，学习不仅仅是达到目的的手段——它是体验世界、提出有意义的问题和与他人连接的一种方式。A. kindness善良；B. thinking思维；C. learning学习；D. practice实践。根据下文“The book celebrates the joy of learning for its own sake, reminding readers that knowledge doesn’t need to be tied to a specific ___2___ to be valuable.”可知，Rovelli在书中颂扬了学习本身的乐趣，所以对于Rovelli来说，学习不仅仅是一种达到目的的手段，学习是一种方式。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书颂扬了学习本身的乐趣，提醒读者知识不需要与特定的目的联系起来才有价值。A. preference偏好；B. purpose目的；C. problem问题；D. condition条件。根据下文“Rovelli ___4___ this mindset, showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives.”可知，Rovelli表示真正的学习远远不止某些实际的目标，所以此处表示Rovelli的书提醒读者知识不需要与特定的目的联系起来。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今快节奏的世界里，人们往往将教育视为成功的工具——取得好成绩、找到工作或实现物质目标。A. communication沟通；B. success成功；C. cooperation合作；D. survival生存。根据下文“getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals.”以及常识可知，取得好成绩、找到工作或实现物质目标会被视为成功，即教育被视为实现成功的工具。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rovelli挑战这种心态，展示了真正的学习远不止这些实际目标。A. challenges挑战；B. maintain维持；C. presents提出；D. extends扩展。根据上文“In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for ___3___ — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals.”以及下文“showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives.”可知，Rovelli的想法与人们常见的观点不同，所以此处表示Rovelli在挑战这种过于实用的观点。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是关于拓宽你的思维，探索新的想法，并在这个过程中找到意义。A. meaning意义；B. solution解决方法；C. conflict冲突；D. distinction区别。根据上文“It’s about broadening your mind, exploring new ideas,”以及语境可知，此处表示在拓宽思维探索新想法的过程中找到学习的意义。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查副词短语应用。句意：例如，他反思了文艺复兴时期的革命性思想家，他们敢于质疑地球是宇宙中心的信念。A. What’s more此外；B. For example例如；C. As a result因此；D. On the contrary相反。根据上文“Rovelli draws on fascinating stories from science, history, and everyday life to make his point.”以及下文“he reflects on the revolutionary thinkers of the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) who dared to question the belief that Earth was the center of the universe.”可知，Rovelli使用具体的故事来阐明自己的观点，下文进行举例说明，所以空处应用for example，表示“例如”。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人不是被利益或名声驱动的；他们是被纯粹的好奇心和了解世界的愿望所驱动。A. rejected拒绝；B. pursued追求；C. observed观察；D. driven驱动。根据下文“they were motivated by pure curiosity and a desire to understand the world.”可知，此处表示这些人是被好奇心和了解世界的愿望驱动，而不是被利益或名声驱动。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的发现不仅改变了科学，还改变了人们是如何看待自己在宇宙中位置的。A. shifted改变；B. revealed揭示；C. understood理解；D. noticed注意。根据上文“Their discoveries didn’t just change science”以及语境可知，革命思想家们的发现不仅改变了科学，也改变了人们对于自己在宇宙中的位置的看法。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rovelli用这些例子来展示，学习的行为本身可以是变革性的，鼓舞人们用新的方式思考和看待世界。A. moderate适度的；B. appropriate适当的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. transformative变革性的。根据下文“inspiring new ways of thinking and seeing the world.”可知，学习可以鼓舞人们用新的方式思考，用新的方式看待世界，所以此处表示学习本身可以是变革性的。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rovelli相信，好奇心是人类最大的优势之一，并邀请读者通过探索激发兴趣的话题来培养它。A. connections连接；B. traditions传统；C. strengths优势；D. innovations创新。根据下文“he invites readers to cultivate it by exploring topics that arouse their interest.”以及“He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the ___12___ it might bring.”可知，Rovelli相信好奇心是人类的优势，所以会邀请读者培养好奇心。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是物理、艺术、哲学，甚至是日常经历，发现新事物的过程都可能是非常有回报的。A. similar相似的；B. funny有趣的；C. new新的；D. dark黑暗的。根据上文“Rovelli believes that curiosity is one of humanity’s greatest ___10___ ,”、下文“He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the ___12___ it might bring.”以及语境可知，此处表示好奇心是人类的优势，所以此处表示发现新事物，从中获得惊奇的感觉。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，正是这种惊奇感让学习变得有价值，而不是它可能带来的成绩。A. growth成长；B. grades成绩；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for ___3___ — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals.”以及语境可知，此处表示学习本身有价值，而不仅仅在于所取得的成绩。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这应该是一次创造性的个人之旅。A. short短的；B. affordable可负担的；C. safe安全的；D. personal个人的。根据上文“Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations.”和下文“He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can ___14___ a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.”可知，学习永远不应该受到规则或期望的限制，这应该是有创造性的个人的旅程，深入了解自己和周围的世界。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，他相信我们可以更深入地了解自己和周围的世界。A. unlock揭开，揭示；B. complicate复杂化；C. complement补足，补充；D. expose揭露。根据上文“He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn.”可知，关注自己的兴趣，反思自己所学的东西，这会使人更深入了解自己和周围的世界，unlock a deeper understanding of表示“深入了解”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness一书中，Rovelli衷心提醒我们，学习不仅仅是关于事实或结果，而是关于好奇心、好奇心和发现新可能性的乐趣。A. motivations动机；B. interests兴趣；C. results结果；D. questions问题。根据文章开头“Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes.”可知，Rovelli提醒我们的是，学习不仅仅是关于实际的结果，而是关于学习过程中的乐趣。故选C。 （五） （2025年虹口一模） Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are ____21____, producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is ____24____ intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can ____25____ being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is ____26____ . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____27____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. ____28____ materials makes sense. Being ____29____, most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a _____30_____ production process. The idea is that once _____31_____ reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not _____32_____. Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) _____33_____ business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such _____34_____ that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. _____35_____ could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 21. A. accepted B. designed C. sold D. stored 22. A. rules B. saves C. heals D. pollutes 23. A. analysis B. availability C. waste D. variety 24. A. green-washing B. cost-cutting C. risk-taking D. trend-setting 25. A. add to B. benefit from C. center around D. invest in 26. A. innovative B. affordable C. profitable D. inefficient 27. A. being defended B. being hurt C. being spread D. being overlooked 28. A. Reusing B. Restoring C. Replacing D. Recharging 29. A. big B. new C. rich D. rare 30. A. full B. primary C. domestic D. circular 31. A. batteries B. factories C. vehicles D. suppliers 32. A. alone B. easy C. safe D. fair 33. A. dynamic B. unsustainable C. inacceptable D. competitive 34. A. gigafactory B. business C. company D. manufacturer 35. A. Exceptions B. Complaints C. Discoveries D. Fortunes 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了制造业中的原材料消耗、可持续性、回收以及超级工厂在循环经济中的作用，同时也提到了其他行业（如快时尚和消费电子产业）在可持续性方面面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些商品售出，生产者通常就不再对它们负责。A. accepted接受；B. designed设计；C. sold销售；D. stored储存。根据下文“producers usually wash their hands of them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生产者就不再负责。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们当然不会担心，因为大多数产品最终都会被焚烧或填埋，从而污染地球。A. rules统治、支配；B. saves节省；C. heals治愈；D. pollutes污染。根据空前“most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill,”可推测，产品焚烧或被填埋后会污染地球。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅50年的时间里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了极大的材料浪费。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪费；D. variety多样性。根据上文“In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，这造成了材料的浪费。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工业界确实在谈论可持续性和回收，但其中很多只是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。A. green-washing漂绿的；B. cost-cutting消减成本的；C. risk-taking冒险的；D. trend-setting引领潮流的。根据空前“Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling”以及空后的“to improve brand images”可知，工业界的可持续和回收是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，即便是公司的利润也能从环保中受益。A. add to增加；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. center around以……为中心；D. invest in投资于。根据下文“This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh).”以及“Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is ____6____ .”可知，公司可以从环保行为中获益。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电池是电动汽车中最昂贵的部件，因此生产电池利润丰厚。A. innovative创新的；B. affordable负担得起的；C. profitable有利可图的；D. inefficient无效的。根据上文“Batteries are the costliest part of an EV,”可推测，生产电池有利可赚。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：供应链既长又复杂，买家面临着因供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下而损害自身声誉的风险。A. being defended正在被防御；B. being hurt正在被伤害；C. being spread正在被传播；D. being overlooked正在被忽视。根据空后“by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards.”可知，因为供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下，买家面临会有损害自身声誉的风险。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，再利用材料显得合情合理。A. Reusing再利用；B. Restoring修复；C. Replacing替换；D. Recharging充电。根据上文“But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____7____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards.”可推测，由于电池所含的材料价格昂贵且难以获取等原因，再回收利用电池就很合理。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为新兴事物，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。A. big大的；B. new新的；C. rich丰富的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Every carmaking country wants gigafactories.”以及常理可知，超级工厂是新兴事物。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是形成了一个循环生产过程。A. full满的；B. primary主要的；C. domestic国内的；D. circular循环的。根据上文“Being ____9____ , most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start.”可知，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。由此可知，这就形成了一个循环生产过程。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个理念是，一旦电池寿命终结，它们就应该被送回工厂，在那里回收其组件并用于制造新电池。A. batteries电池；B. factories工厂；C. vehicles车辆；D. suppliers供应商。根据下文的“where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries”中的“batteries”可知，电池寿命终结后就被送回工厂，用于制造新电池。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Northvolt并非孤例。A. alone独自的；B. easy容易的；C. safe安全的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero.”可知，全球最大的电动汽车电池生产商宁德时代（CATL）也利用再生能源和采取其他措施。由此可知，Northvolt并非孤例。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快时尚产业众所周知是不可持续的。A. dynamic有活力的；B. unsustainable不可持续的；C. inacceptable不可接受的；D. competitive有竞争力的。根据下文“It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%.”可知，快时尚产业的回收率很低，由此可知，快时尚产业不可持续。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业，尽管其中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。A. gigafactory超级工厂；B. business商业、行业；C. company公司；D. manufacturer制造商。根据空后“that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.”可知，空处指的是消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿，仍然有可能获得巨大的财富。A. Exceptions例外；B. Complaints抱怨；C. Discoveries发现；D. Fortunes财富。根据上文“Consumer electronics is another such ____14____ that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.”可知，电子产品中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。由此可知，从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿可以获得财富。故选D。 （六） （2025年长宁一模） Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the ____21____. One barrier to rural health care is ____22____. Rural communities are ____23____ far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding ____24____ can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals ____25____ that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. ____26____, the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help ____27____ some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in ____28____. Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, ____29____, can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. ______30______ health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often ______31______ than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider ______32______ larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to ______33______ outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is ______35______, these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 21. A. affection B. medication C. inequality D. necessity 22. A. poverty B. environment C. administration D. transportation 23. A. by chance B. by definition C. by contrast D. by necessity 24. A. potential patients B. public service C. medical staff D. reputable experts 25. A. conclude B. predict C. demand D. propose 26. A. Subsequently B. However C. Meanwhile D. Consequently 27. A. sustain B. lessen C. detect D. indicate 28. A. depressed areas B. monitored centres C. other locations D. border regions 29. A. moreover B. otherwise C. therefore D. nevertheless 30. A. Modern B. Mobile C. Mechanical D. Multiple 31. A. cheaper B. less crowded C. fancier D. more endurable 32. A. transitioning to B. competing against C. partnering with D. investing in 33. A. relax B. practice C. specialize D. volunteer 34. A. as opposed to B. as well as C. regardless of D. prior to 35. A. solvable B. urgent C. critical D. complex 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了农村医疗的困难和复杂性以及解决措施。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在发达国家和发展中国家都是如此，非营利组织正在努力解决这一不平等问题。A. affection感情；B. medication 药物；C. inequality不平等；D. necessity 必需品。根据上文“People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities”可知，非营利组织正在努力解决不平等问题。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：农村医疗保健的一个障碍是交通。A. poverty贫困；B. environment环境；C. administration管理；D. transportation交通。根据下文“so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors”可知，交通是个障碍。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：根据定义，农村社区远离人口中心，这意味着大多数小城镇没有大医院，因此农村居民需要走很远的路去看医生。A. by chance偶然；B. by definition按照定义；当然地；明显地；C. by contrast对比；D. by necessity由于无法改变的条件。根据下文“far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals”可知，这是对农村医疗条件的定义。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：即使在农村社区有医院，医生往往更喜欢住在大城市，所以寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。A. potential patients潜在患者；B. public service公共服务；C. medical staff医护人员；D. reputable experts信誉良好的专家。根据上文“doctors often prefer to live in larger cities”可知，寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于每个专科医生只能接诊所有患者中的一小部分，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生，因此不雇佣专科医生。A. conclude 断定，推断出；B. predict预测；C. demand要求；D. propose建议。根据上文“Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients”可知，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，确实需要专科医生的病人被迫长途跋涉，或者没有得到必要的治疗。A. Subsequently随后；B. However然而；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Consequently因此。根据句意可知，前后句子为因果关系。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种各样发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。A. sustain维持；B. lessen减少；C. detect发现；D. indicate表明。根据上文“A variety of developments”可知，各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：其中一个重要的是远程医疗——利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。A. depressed areas落后地区；B. monitored centres监控中心；C. other locations其他地点；D. border regions边境地区。根据下文“Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close”以及常识可知，利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项技术对心理健康护理、手术后的随访预约和长期健康问题的监测都很有用。A. moreover此外；B. otherwise否则；C. therefore因此；D. nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，前后句子为转折关系。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些地区，流动诊所被用来帮助那些难以去看医生的人。A. Modern现代的；B. Mobile活动的，可移动的；C. Mechanical 机械（方面）的；D. Multiple多个的，多种的。根据下文“These traveling health units”可知，这里指流动诊所。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜，因为它们不需要为许多设施付费。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. less crowded不拥挤的；C. fancier更华丽的；D. more endurable更耐用。根据下文“because they do not pay for as many facilities.”可知，这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。A. transitioning to转向；B. competing against竞争；C. partnering with合作；D. investing in投资。根据下文“These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff.”可知，缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作，为那些愿意在城市以外从事专业工作的医生提供略高的工资或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice从业；C. specialize专门；D. volunteer志愿。根据上文“offering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们还可能根据帮助病人的有效性来奖励医院，而不是根据医院执行的手术数量来支付费用。A. as opposed to相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless of不管；不顾；D. prior to之前。根据上文“They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform.”可知，表示相反的情况。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然农村医疗问题很复杂，但这些举措可能有助于为大城市以外的人提供必要的治疗。A. solvable可解决的；B. urgent紧急的；C. critical关键的；D. complex复杂的。根据上文的叙述了可知，提到了医疗人员短缺，交通问题，贫困问题，所以农村医疗问题很复杂。故选D项。 （七） （2025年徐汇一模） When is anger justified? Anger is a complicated emotion. But is it ever morally right to be angry? And if so, when? One of the most foundational understandings of ____21____ comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In his model, there’s a sweet spot for our actions and emotional reactions, and it’s up to you to develop practical wisdom about when you should feel what and how strongly to feel it. ____22____, let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music. If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting, so feeling angry is definitely ____23____. But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take? To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details. Have you ____24____ talked to your neighbor about this issue? Is it a reasonable time to be playing music? Is your neighbor trying to ____25____ you, or are they just enjoying their evening? Relying on practical wisdom in Aristotle’s case-by-case approach makes a lot of sense for handling ____26____ conflicts. But what about when there’s no one to ____27____ for your anger? Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is ____28____. No amount of anger can undo the disaster, and there isn’t really a suitable ____29____ for your frustration. Although it’s hard for us to control our anger, there might be something we can learn from it. Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame and hold each other ____30____. In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening, so ____31____ it would harm our social lives and moral communities. But finding the right response to those psychological alarm bells can be ____32____. For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be ____33____ to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults. So when should you ____34____ anger? And can it ever help change things for the better? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is ____35____ polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress(压制)your anger, instead of channeling it into positive action. 21. A. motion B. passion C. urge D. anger 22. A. In conclusion B. However C. What’s more D. For example 23. A. exceptional B. understandable C. useless D. tragic 24. A. remotely B. reluctantly C. previously D. ultimately 25. A. upset B. conquer C. imitate D. motivate 26. A. commercial B. domestic C. cultural D. interpersonal 27. A. consult B. blame C. reject D. hide 28. A. discovered B. locked C. untouched D. exploded 29. A. target B. boundary C. position D. reason 30. A. accountable B. adorable C. memorable D. sustainable 31. A. expressing B. removing C. releasing D. following 32. A. simple B. dangerous C. tricky D. sufficient 33. A. mature B. wise C. easy D. wrong 34. A. bring down B. act on C. bottle up D. hold back 35. A. illegally B. remotely C. steadily D. inevitably 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了愤怒这一情感的道德正当性及其在不同情境下的合理表达。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对愤怒最基础的理解之一来自于希腊哲学家亚里士多德。A. motion运动；B. passion激情；C. urge冲动；D. anger愤怒。根据本文的标题“When is anger justified?”可知，本文讨论的是“愤怒”，故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：例如，假设你因为明天有重要的会议所以要早睡，而你的邻居却开始大声放音乐。A. In conclusion总之；B. However然而；C. What’s more而且；D. For example例如。根据后文“let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music.”可知，此处是举例说明愤怒何时是合理的，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你睡不着，你可能会毁了你的会议，所以感到愤怒是可以理解的。A. exceptional例外的；B. understandable可以理解的；C. useless无用的；D. tragic悲惨的。根据前文“If you can’t sleep, you might ruin your meeting,”可知，因为睡不着而可能毁了会议，所以感到愤怒是可以理解的，故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你之前和你的邻居谈过这个问题吗？A. remotely遥远地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. previously以前；D. ultimately最终。根据前文“But how much anger should you feel? And what actions, if any, should you take?To answer these questions, Aristotle would need to know more details.”可知，此处是在讨论具体的细节，即愤怒背后有没有其他具体原因，所以是问之前是否和邻居谈过这个问题，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的邻居是想惹你生气，还是只是想享受他们的夜晚？A. upset使烦恼；B. conquer征服；C. imitate模仿；D. motivate激励。根据后文“or are they just enjoying their evening?”可知，此处是假设邻居放音乐的行为让你睡不着，所以是问邻居是想惹你生气吗，还是单纯的只是想享受他们的夜晚而忽略了你的感受，故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在处理人际冲突时，依赖亚里士多德的具体案例中的实用智慧是非常有道理的。A. commercial商业的；B. domestic家庭的；C. cultural文化的；D. interpersonal人际的。根据前文“let’s say you’ re going to sleep early because you have an important meeting tomorrow and your neighbor just started playing loud music.”可知，此处是讨论邻居之间的冲突，所以是人际冲突，故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，但是当你的愤怒没有人可以责怪时，又该怎么办呢？A. consult咨询；B. blame责怪；C. reject拒绝；D. hide隐藏。根据后文“Imagine a tornado completely destroys your house while your neighbor’s home is ___8_____.”可知，此处的例子是假设你的愤怒没有人可以责怪的，即邻居的房子完好无损，而你的房子被龙卷风摧毁了，故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，一场龙卷风完全摧毁了你的房子，而你的邻居的房子却毫发无损。A. discovered发现；B. locked锁住；C. untouched未受影响的；D. exploded爆炸。根据前文“Imagine a tornado completely destroys your housewhile your neighbor’s home is ”可知，此处是一种对比，你的房子被龙卷风完全摧毁，而邻居的房子没有受到龙卷风的影响，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论多么愤怒，都无法挽回这场灾难，而且你的沮丧也没有真正的目标。A. target目标；B. boundary边界；C. position位置；D. reason原因。根据前文“No amount of anger can undo the disaster,”可知，此处是假设无论多么愤怒都无法挽回灾难，所以你的沮丧没有真正的目标，故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哲学家PF Strawson的理论认为，经历愤怒是人类心理学的一个自然组成部分，它有助于我们传达责备，并让对方承担责任。A. accountable有责任的；B. adorable可爱的；C. memorable难忘的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据前文“Philosopher PF Strawson’s theory suggests that experiencing anger is a natural part of human psychology that helps us communicate blame”可知，此处是PF Strawson的理论的内容，即经历愤怒有助于我们传达责备，让对方承担责任，故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个模型中，愤怒可以让我们知道什么时候有不道德的事情发生，所以移除它会损害我们的社会生活和道德群体。A. expressing表达；B. removing移除；C. releasing释放；D. following跟随。根据前文“In this model, anger can be an important part of letting us know when something immoral is happening,”可知，此处是假设在这个模型中，愤怒是重要的，所以移除它会损害社会生活和道德群体，故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，对这些心理警钟做出正确的反应可能是棘手的。A. simple简单的；B. dangerous危险的；C. tricky棘手的；D. sufficient足够的。根据后文的例子“For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger, but it would be ____13____ to treat their moral mistakes like those of adults.”可知，此处是假设对于不同的情境，做出正确的反应是棘手的，故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你正在监督残忍、无礼的孩子，感到愤怒可能是自然的，但把他们的道德错误当作成年人那样的错误来处理是错误的。A. mature成熟的；B. wise明智的；C. easy容易的；D. wrong错误的。根据前文“For instance, if you were supervising cruel, disrespectful young children, it might be natural to feel anger,”可知，此处是假设对于孩子，我们不能把他们的道德错误当作成年人那样的错误来处理，这是错误的，故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么你应该什么时候对愤怒采取行动呢？A. bring down使降低；B. act on对……采取行动；C. bottle up压抑；D. hold back阻挡。根据后文“And can it ever help change things for the better?”可知，此处是问应该什么时候对愤怒采取行动，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：让我们想象一下，因为你的社区附近的一家工厂非法污染水源，你的社区正面临严重的健康问题。A. illegally非法地；B. remotely遥远地；C. steadily稳定地；D. inevitably不可避免地。根据前文的“your community is experiencing serious health issues”可知，此处是假设因为工厂非法污染水源导致社区健康问题，所以此处是“非法地”，故选A项。 （八） （2025年杨浦一模） Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social ___21___ and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be ___22___ or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to ___23___. For example, during the mass ___24___ of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘___25___’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more ___26___. Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some ___27___ results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to ___28___ physical motion. People will ___29___ treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to ___30___ in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. ___31___, they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it ___32___ to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot ___33___ away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than ___34___ a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth ___35___ kindness, instead. 21. A. media B. nature C. attitude D. change 22. A. orally B. mentally C. emotionally D. physiologically 23. A. suffer B. assume C. wonder D. inspect 24. A. adjustment B. absence C. awareness D. adoption 25. A. please B. sorry C. nasty D. perfect 26. A. tolerant B. violent C. mature D. inconsistent 27. A. definite B. positive C. inconclusive D. inaccurate 28. A. take in B. originate from C. react to D. associate with 29. A. readily B. coldly C. eventually D. obviously 30. A. emerge B. fade C. cross D. move 31. A. In addition B. After all C. In a way D. On the contrary 32. A. harder B. funnier C. easier D. worse 33. A. exposure B. company C. fancy D. abuse 34. A. mistreating B. mismanaging C. misleading D. misunderstanding 35. A. suspecting B. replacing C. spreading D. practising 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是人类与人工智能体（特别是机器人）之间关系的演变，以及这种关系可能带来的社会和心理影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：先进的机器人伴侣非常适合挖掘我们的社交天性，让我们的行为就像我们在与活物互动一样。A. media媒体；B. nature天性；C. attitude态度；D. change改变。根据下文“make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive”可知，此处是指机器人非常适合挖掘我们的社交天性。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：对人工智能体实施口头或身体暴力意味着什么？A. orally口头上地；B. mentally精神上；C. emotionally情绪上；D. physiologically生理学方面。根据第5空后“prevent children from barking commands at the devices”可知，此处是指对人工智能体实施口头暴力，空格处意为“口头上地”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们已经开始怀疑了。A. suffer遭受；B. assume假定；C. wonder想知道；D. inspect检查，审视。根据下文“parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude”可知，人们已经开始怀疑人们和人工智能体的关系。固定搭配start to wonder“开始想知道：开始对某事产生疑问或好奇心”。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在大量采用虚拟语音助手期间，家长们担心客厅里的小扬声器会教会孩子们变得粗鲁。A. adjustment调整；B. absence缺席；C. awareness意识；D. adoption采用。根据下文“the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude”可知，此处是指采用虚拟语音助手。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查感叹词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：大公司的回应是发布了一些特殊功能，鼓励使用“请”等语言，以防止孩子们对着这些设备吠叫。A. please请；B. sorry对不起；C. nasty恶毒的；D. perfect完美的。根据下文“to prevent children from barking commands at the devices”可知，为了防止孩子对人工智能体的语言暴力，所以鼓励使用“请”这种礼貌用语。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有回答殴打机器人是否会让人变得更暴力的问题。A. tolerant容忍的；B. violent暴力的；C. mature成熟的；D. inconsistent不一致的。根据上文“whether beating up robots makes people more”可知，此处是指殴打机器人是否会让人变得更暴力。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社会对电子游戏也提出了类似的问题，但有些结果不确定。A. definite肯定的；B. positive积极的；C. inconclusive不确定的；D. inaccurate不准确的。根据下文“Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park.”可知，结果是不确定的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究表明，我们对机器人的反应与对屏幕上人物的反应不同，部分原因是我们天生就会对身体运动做出反应。A. take in吸收；B. originate from起源于；C. react to对……做出反应；D. associate with和……联系在一起。根据上文“we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to”可知，我们天生就会对身体运动做出反应。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们会很容易地把任何行动起来像是有生命一样的实体视为有生命的。A. readily容易地；B. coldly冷淡地；C. eventually最后；D. obviously显然。根据下文“treat any agent that moves like it’s alive”和常识可知，人们会很容易地把任何行动起来像是有生命一样的实体视为有生命的，空格处意为“容易地”。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着机器人的设计越来越好，在我们的潜意识里，活生生和栩栩如生之间的界限可能会逐渐消失。A. emerge出现；B. fade消失；C. cross穿过；D. move移动。根据上文“As robot design gets better”可知，随着机器人的设计越来越好，活生生和栩栩如生之间的界限可能会逐渐消失。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，他们并没有伤害任何生物。A. In addition另外；B. After all毕竟；C. In a way在某种程度上；D. On the contrary相反。根据上文“it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain”和下文“they aren’t harming a living being”可知，此处表示毕竟他们并没有伤害任何生物。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗？A. harder更难的；B. funnier更有趣的；C. easier更容易的；D. worse更糟的。根据下文“Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study”可知，此处是问一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就目前而言，让孩子远离机器人虐待似乎是相当合理的。A. exposure暴露；B. company公司；C. fancy想象；D. abuse虐待。根据第一段“What does it mean to be 2 or physically violent toward an artificial agent?”可知，此处是指让孩子远离机器人虐待。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，这比虐待一个活生生的、有呼吸的生物要好得多，但为什么要这样做呢？A. mistreating虐待；B. mismanaging对……管理不善；C. misleading误导；D. misunderstanding误解。根据上文“treat an artificial agent poorly”可知，此处是指“这比虐待一个活生生的、有呼吸的生物要好得多”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如哲学家Vallor所言，相反，练习善良可能是值得的。A. suspecting怀疑；B. replacing代替；C. spreading传播；D. practising练习。根据上文“keep robot abuse away from little children”可知，远离机器人虐待，也就是要练习善良。故选D。 （九） （2025年静安一模） My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel ____21____ when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) ____22____ of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I ____23____ regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under ____24____. In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided ____25____. However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without ____26____. Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional ____27____. It disturbs mealtimes and sets off ____28____ conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being ____29____ with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any ____30____ to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself ____31____ into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic ____32____ of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, ____33____, is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic ____34____ in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and ____35____ of the world matter, after all. 21. A. regretful B. ashamed C. unique D. refreshed 22. A. co-hosting B. co-existence C. delivery D. co-authoring 23. A. traded for B. enclosed with C. equipped with D. restricted to 24. A. wraps B. guidance C. way D. construction 25. A. evolution B. controversy C. mask D. conquer 26. A. hesitation B. expense C. rhythm D. notice 27. A. negotiation B. routine C. complication D. highlight 28. A. identical B. inharmonious C. illegal D. innovative 29. A. judged B. guided C. reversed D. cheated 30. A. energy B. information C. excuse D. assistance 31. A. imperceptibly B. purposefully C. narrowly D. originally 32. A. output B. obstacle C. combination D. flow 33. A. for example B. however C. in addition D. in general 34. A. profile B. trace C. imitation D. edge 35. A. priority B. civilization C. diversity D. ambition 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者因为童年时期语言环境复杂而害怕母亲在公共场合说英语，但成为父亲后，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，认为世界的多样性和丰富性很重要。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她在放学回家的路上说英语时，我会感到羞耻。A. regretful后悔的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. unique独特的；D. refreshed恢复精神的。根据前文“My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly.(我在法国农村长大，最大的恐惧是我的英国母亲会在公共场合大声用她的母语对我说话)”可知，作者的母亲会在公共场合大声说英语，作者作为法国人，在公共场合听到母亲说英语会感到羞愧，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，不同语言的共存是由许多人为的划分来维持的。A. co-hosting联合主办；B. co-existence共存；C. delivery递送；D. co-authoring合著。根据后文“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family.(英语是我们家说的语言。法语是为了上学，一般来说是为了家庭以外的一切)”以及“Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者家里会说英语和法语，即多种语言共存，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后是意大利语，一种我与父亲联系在一起的语言，一种我限制在定期访问意大利时使用的语言。A. traded for换得；B. enclosed with围住；C. equipped with配备；D. restricted to限于。根据后文“regular visits to Italy”可知，作者只有去意大利才有使用意大利语，即仅限于去意大利才使用，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去英国拜访我母亲的家人时，我隐藏了自己的法语。A. wraps外衣；B. guidance指导；C. way方法；D. construction建造。根据后文“In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid nature.(在意大利，我坚持讲我熟悉的话题，以防随便一个英语或法语单词会暴露了我的混合身份)”可知，作者会隐藏与当地不符的语言，keep sth. under wraps意为“把某事隐藏起来，把某事保密”，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：安全身份是三面面具。A. evolution进化；B. controversy争议；C. mask面具，口罩；D. conquer征服。根据前文“Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment.(在这些语言界限的背后，我需要在任何环境下保持安全)”可知，作者需要保持安全，所以作者认为安全的身份是一个面具，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为和我在伦敦出生的孩子说法语自然会使他们说两种语言，于是我毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. hesitation犹豫；B. expense花费；C. rhythm韵律；D. notice通知。根据前文“Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual”可知，作者认为用法语和孩子在伦敦说话会让他们自然地成为双语者，所以作者毫不犹豫地这样做了，without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，把法语引入家庭无疑是一个额外的复杂因素。A. negotiation协商；B. routine常规；C. complication复杂化的难题；D. highlight强调。根据后文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发复杂情况，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它扰乱了用餐时间，引发了不和谐的谈话，使我的法语和其他人的英语对立起来。A. identical相同的；B. inharmonious不和谐的；C. illegal非法的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，所以作者认为这会引发不和谐的对话，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让孩子们觉得他们一直被一个以法语为母语的人评判着。A. judged评判；B. guided指导；C. reversed逆转；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off inharmonious conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发不和谐的对话，作者说法语，家里其他人说英语，所以孩子们会觉得自己一直在被一个说母语法语的人评判，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，尽管他们对法语的理解越来越深，但他们会找任何借口在上学的路上走在我后面几步，以避免用法语交谈。A. energy能量；B. information信息；C. excuse借口；D. assistance帮助。根据后文“to avoid a conversation in French”可知，孩子们想避免用法语交谈，所以他们会找借口走在作者后面几步，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有刻意的努力，随着家人偶尔说意大利语，第三种语言也不知不觉地融入了我孩子的语言网络。A. imperceptibly极微地，不易察觉地；B. purposefully故意地；C. narrowly勉强；D. originally最初。根据前文“without intentional efforts”可知，没有刻意努力，所以第三种语言不易察觉地融入了作者孩子的语言网络，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我成长过程中的语言组合被复制到了我的孩子身上。A. output输出；B. obstacle障碍；C. combination结合；D. flow流动。根据前文“The linguistic (语言的) 　2　 of different languages during my childhood”和“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者的成长过程中结合了三种不同的语言，最后这种结合的语言环境被复制到了孩子身上，故选C。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：然而，它的统治并不是要剥夺我的孩子们说其他语言的自由。A. for example例如；B. however然而；C. in addition此外；D. in general通常。根据前文“No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world”和后文“is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，所以空白处应填however，意为“然而”，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，否则他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言优势。A. profile轮廓；B. trace踪迹；C. imitation模仿；D. edge优势，边缘。根据前文“Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages”可知，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，所以如果不学习外语，他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言学优势，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坚持让孩子们接触各种语言，这正是我向他们传递世界多元性和多样性重要性的方法。A. priority优先权；B. civilization文明；C. diversity多样性；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity”可知，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，所以作者认为世界的多样性很重要，故选C。 （十） （2025年金山一模） July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot ___21___. People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and ___22___ passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work ___23___? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less ___24___ ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give ___25___ to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had ___26___ jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning ___27___: Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, ___28___ age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, ___29___, they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans ____30____, hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) ____31____ impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also ____32____. In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who ____33____ being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that ____34____ your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel ____35____ about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 21. A. log in B. opt out C. show off D. hurry up 22. A. stranded B. responsible C. hesitant D. embarrassed 23. A. properly B. purposelessly C. continuously D. unwillingly 24. A. accessible B. casual C. dramatic D. dynamic 25. A. rise B. way C. priority D. insight 26. A. created B. switched C. completed D. evaluated 27. A. cause B. concept C. secret D. trend 28. A. rather than B. in case of C. according to D. regardless of 29. A. in practice B. as a result C. in short D. in addition 30. A. exists B. continues C. decreases D. emerges 31. A. negative B. powerful C. immediate D. significant 32. A. cease B. occur C. impress D. vary 33. A. occupied themselves with B. prided themselves on C. concentrated themselves on D. freed themselves of 34. A. lacks B. heightens C. threatens D. maintains 35. A. anxiously B. differently C. strongly D. oddly 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“机器和人工智能对工作质量和员工感受的影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用多个研究案例和分析，探讨了机器在出现故障和正常运转时对工作的影响，以及自动化和人工智能在不同行业中的应用对员工感受和工作质量的潜在影响。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数白领都悲伤地看着他们的屏幕，意识到如果他们不能登录，他们是多么没用。A. log in登录；B. opt out选择退出；C. show off炫耀；D. hurry up赶快。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages”提到电脑中断，由此可知，此处应表示白领意识到他们不能登录电脑。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。A. stranded滞留的；B. responsible负责的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages in…airports”提到机场的电脑中断，以及下文“passengers”由此可知，此处应表示IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。 故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果机器可以在某些工作失败的时候给它们增加意义，那么当它们正常工作的时候呢？A. properly正常地；B. purposelessly无目的地；C. continuously持续不断地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据上文“If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail”提到工作失败的时候，由此可知，此处应表示机器正常工作的时候，和上文的fail形成呼应。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目，而是一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色。A. accessible可进入的；B. casual随意的；C. dramatic引人注目的；D. dynamic动态的。根据下文“task by task rather than role by role”提到一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色，由此可推知，此处应表示技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励，比如工作兴趣和敬业度。A. rise增加；B. way方式；C. priority优先；D. insight视野，洞察力。根据下文“such as job interest and engagement”提到工作兴趣和敬业度，以及下文“they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits”由此可推知。此处应表示许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人，以了解他们是否以及为什么认为自己的新工作更好。A. created创造；B. switched转变；C. completed完成；D. evaluated评估。根据下文“find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better”提到新工作，由此可知，此处应表示最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. cause原因；B. concept概念；C. secret秘密；D. trend趋势。根据下文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, ___8___ age, gender, skills and the type of work.”可知，此处应表示一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. rather than而不是；B. in case of万一；C. according to根据；D. regardless of不管，不顾。根据上文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board”以及下文“age, gender, skills and the type of work”由此可知，此处应表示工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，但在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。A. in practice实践中；B. as a result结果；C. in short简而言之；D. in addition此外。根据上文“While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks”提到机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，由此可知，此处应表示在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。和上文中的theoretically“理论上”形成呼应。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，对人类开放任务数量减少了，这既损害了工作的多样性，也损害了人们对生产过程的理解。A. exists存在；B. continues继续；C. decreases减少；D. emerges出现。根据上文“They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding.”提到工业机器人减少了对体力的要求。由此可知，此处应表示对人类开放的任务数量减少了。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，机器并不总是有负面影响。A. negative负面的；B. powerful有力量的；C. immediate立刻的；D. significant有意义的。根据下文“For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients.”提到机器的有利一面，由此可知，此处应表示机器并不总是有负面影响。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。A. cease停止；B. occur发生；C. impress使留下深刻印象；D. vary不同。根据下文“one that ___14___ your sense of identity is not.”由此可知，此处应表示消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一项测试顾客对一套厨具的不同描述的反应的实验中，那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。A. occupied themselves with忙于，专注于；B. prided themselves on以……为傲；C. concentrated themselves on专注于；D. freed themselves of使某人摆脱。根据句意以及下文“…skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button”由此可知，此处应表示那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。prided themselves on“以……为傲”。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项减少无聊任务的技术是好的；但威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。A. lacks缺乏；B. heightens提高；C. threatens威胁；D. maintains保持。根据上文“A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine”以及下文“your sense of identity is not”由此可知，此处应表示威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然现在就知道人工智能将如何影响工作质量还为时过早，但有一点是明确的：机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. differently不同地；C. strongly强烈地；D. oddly奇怪的是。根据上文“Consumer reactions to automation can also vary.”提到消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。由此可推知，此处应表示机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。故选B项。 （十一） （2025年奉贤一模） The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a (n) ___21___ of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a (n) ___22___ to the long-established norms of the school. He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. ___23___ , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives ___24___ . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.” His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the ___25___ eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to ___26___ in the air. “Poetry, ” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the ___27___ . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold ___28___ us.” He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the ___29___ burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father ____30____ your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to ____31____ his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even ____32____ what his father expected of him. For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often ____33____ by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd, ” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to ____34____ . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s. ” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his ____35____ , finding the courage to speak up and express himself. Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved. 21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook 22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity 23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific 25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching 26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide 27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense 28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within 29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music 30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel 31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain 32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond 33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked 34. A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward 35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. space 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在保守的威尔顿学院，一位富有激情与独特气质的英语教师约翰·基廷用一种独特的方式教授学生，给他的学生带来了巨大的影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰·基廷是一位充满神秘和激情的英语老师，他走进了学院，就像一股清新的气息进入了沉闷的房间。A. air气质，氛围；B. gesture姿势；C. mood情绪；D. outlook展望。根据下文“mystery and passion”可知应该是带有神秘和激情的氛围，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的出现本身就是对这所学校长期建立的规范的挑战。A. threat威胁；B. barrier障碍；C. challenge挑战；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学理念和方式与学校传统的规范不一致，因此他是学校长期建立的规范的挑战。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他有一种独特的方式让文字生动起来。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他不讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则，相反的他用的一种独特方式授课，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让你的生活与众不同。A. mysterious神秘的；B. extraordinary非凡的；C. practical实际的；D. specific明确的。根据下文“These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions. (这些人曾经和你一样，有梦想，有潜力。别让这个地方埋葬了你的野心)”可知，约翰·基廷鼓励自己学生与众不同，故选B。 25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的特殊避难所“Whispers of the Bard”是一个神奇的地方，可以躲避学校当局的监视。A. caring关心；B. shining发光；C. wandering徘徊；D. watching监视。根据上文“He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. (他不是那种简单地站在教室前面讲授莎士比亚诗歌或语法规则的人)”可知他的教学方法违法了学校的规范，所以这是一个能躲避学校监视的地方，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会满怀热情地背诵诗歌，歌词似乎在空中翩翩起舞。A. dance跳舞；B. float漂浮；C. move移动；D. slide滑动。根据上文“He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm”可知他充满热情地朗诵诗歌，就像歌词在空中舞动，形容诗歌的美感和灵动，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是灵魂的语言。A. insight洞察力；B. innocence天真；C. soul灵感；D. sense感觉。根据下文“It’s the way we express the deepest desires (是我们表达内心深处欲望的方式)”可知说明诗歌是灵魂的语言，故选C。 【28题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意： 这是我们表达内心最深处的渴望和最疯狂的梦想的方式。A. between在……之间；B. upon在……之上；C. into到……里面；D. within在……之内。根据上文“It’s the language of the ___7___”可知诗歌是灵魂的语言，所以应该是表达我们内心深处的东西，故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼尔·佩里对舞台有着一种隐藏的热情，他的内心像一团小火一样燃烧着，基廷就像一颗指路的星。A. poetry诗歌；B. stage舞台；C. match比赛；D. music音乐。根据下文“He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you”可知，佩里对舞台有热情，stage是词汇复现，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到了尼尔眼中的潜力，对他说：“尼尔，舞台在等着你。不要让任何人，即使是你父亲，蒙蔽了你的光芒。你的梦想是宝贵的，你有天赋去实现它们。”A. dim使暗淡；B. adjust调整；C. flash使闪光；D. fuel加燃料。根据下文“Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.”可知基廷鼓励尼尔去实现他的梦想，所以是不让任何人蒙蔽他的光芒，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他帮助尼尔练习台词，教他如何通过每个字来表达自己的情感。A. conceal隐藏；B. project表达；C. stimulate刺激；D. sustain维持。根据上文“He helped Neil practice his lines”可知基廷帮助尼尔练习台词，用文字表达自己的情感，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次在基廷的指导下，尼尔都变得更加自信，他相信自己甚至可以超越父亲对他的期望。A. fall within应列入……范围内；B. persist in坚持；C. keep off不接近；D. go beyond超出。根据上文“Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident”可知尼尔变得更加自信，感觉自己可以超越父亲对他的期望，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：托德·安德森（Todd Anderson）生性害羞，常常被他的哥哥盖过风头，而他似乎样样都很出色，基廷注意到他有洞察文学深层含义的天赋。 A. overseen监督；B. overshadowed使失色；C. overestimated估计过高；D. overlooked忽略。根据上文“For Todd Anderson, who was shy”可知他生性害羞，所以常常被他的哥哥盖过风头，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“托德，”他说，“你的头脑是个宝箱。打开它，与世界分享你的想法。不要害怕脱颖而出。你的解释和其他人的解释一样有价值。”A. step away走开；B. fit in融入；C. stand out突出，脱颖而出；D. push forward推进。根据上文“your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world.”可知基廷鼓励托德与世界分享自己的想法，也就是不要害怕突出，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在基廷的鼓励下，托德开始走出自己的壳，鼓起勇气说出来，表达自己的想法。A. routine常规；B. shell外壳；C. circle圆圈；D. space空间。根据下文“finding the courage to speak up and express himself”说明托德在基廷的鼓励下走出自己的壳，即克服害羞。故选B。 （十二） （2025年黄浦区一模） Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by ____21____ themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of ____22____. It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to ____23____ positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that ____24____ moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus ____25____ your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward. Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set. Expand your joy ____26____: Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be ____27____, using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): ____28____ what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to ____29____ the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) ______30______. But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible ______31______. If you’re tired, ______32______ smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ______33______ experiences. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel ______34______ with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly ______35______ disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 21. A. attracting B. demonstrating C. entertaining D. training 22. A. accomplishment B. belonging C. identity D. responsibility 23. A. broaden B. postpone C. provide D. share 24. A. critical B. daily C. rare D. spare 25. A. recalling B. recovering C. searching D. strengthening 26. A. reflection B. selection C. trial D. vocabulary 27. A. brief B. creative C. precise D. secure 28 A. Broadcasting B. Choosing C. Defining D. Wondering 29. A. cover B. divide C. teach D. notice 30. A. failure B. opportunity C. reward D. surprise 31. A. initiative B. outcome C. prize D. solution 32. A. avoid B. imagine C. practice D. try 33. A. direct B. inspiring C. sensory D. shared 34. A. content B. distracted C. easy D. uncomfortable 35. A. ending in B. guarding against C. heading for D. preparing for 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何通过锻炼和发展追求幸福的“肌肉”来提高个人的奖励敏感度，以及如何通过一系列具体的调整来培养积极的心态。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎任何人都可以通过训练自己去注意和体验积极情绪，来学习提高自己的奖励敏感度。A. attracting吸引；B. demonstrating展示；C. entertaining娱乐；D. training培训。根据上文“Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop.”可知，我们可以通过训练来获得幸福。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：要提高你的奖励敏感度，首先从每天计划一项活动开始，这项活动会让你感到快乐或给你一种成就感。A. accomplishment成就；B. belonging归属；C. identity身份；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“make you happy”可推测，空处和幸福相似。由此可知，空处选A，意为“成就感”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样你就不会轻易推迟去体验那些积极的时刻。A. broaden拓宽；B. postpone推迟；C. provide提供；D. share分享。根据上文“It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel.”可知，当我们完成一项活动时，可以适当奖励自己。由此可知，这样我们才不会推迟去做这项活动。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你享受了那个日常的快乐时刻后，闭上眼睛，大声地回顾你在哪里、什么时候体验到了最大的快乐。A. critical关键的；B. daily日常的；C. rare罕见的；D. spare空闲的。根据上文“To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of ____2____ .”可知，作者建议我们每天一项活动，所以这是日常的快乐时刻。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样做的目的不仅仅是记住你的感受，而是要增强并重新体验那种快乐，从而加深你对它们的记忆，并增加你今后去追求它们的动力。A. recalling回忆；B. recovering恢复；C. searching搜索；D. strengthening加强。根据上文“The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it”以及下文的“increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward.”可推测，空处指的是加深记忆，从而有动力去追求快乐。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：扩展你的快乐词汇：研究表明，找到更多描述积极情绪的词可以证实并增加这些情绪。A. reflection反思；B. selection选择；C. trial试验；D. vocabulary词汇。根据下文“Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them.”可知，作者建议我们扩展关于快乐的词汇。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你在反思某件事情给你带来的感受时，试着更精确地使用词语，比如“平静”、 “欣喜若狂”、 “高兴”、 “受到鼓舞”，而不仅仅是“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”。A. brief简短的；B. creative有创造力的；C. precise精确的；D. secure安全的。根据下文“using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great.”可推测，作者建议我们使用更精确的词汇，而不是简单的“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享你的高光时刻：分享让你最快乐的事情可以让你感觉更好。A. Broadcasting广播、散布；B. Choosing选择；C. Defining定义；D. Wondering想知道。根据上文“Share your highlight reel (高光时刻)”可知，作者建议我们分享自己的高光时刻。由此可知，作者建议我们分享让自己快乐的事情。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：寻找光明面：通过练习，我们有可能注意到那些我们最初可能视为负面的事情中隐藏的积极因素。A. cover覆盖；B. divide划分；C. teach教；D. notice注意到。根据空后“the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative.”可推测，我们可以通过练习注意到积极的因素。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你邀请同事聚会，但只有一个人来了，你可能会很容易把这看作是一种失败。A. failure失败；B. opportunity机会；C. reward奖励；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better.”可推测，空处指的是我们可能会将这看作失败，但是其实这件事也有积极的一面。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：预测未来的胜利：如果你的日程安排很紧，就选择一个即将发生的事件，并想象最好的结果。A. initiative倡议；B. outcome结果；C. prize奖品；D. solution解决方案。根据上文“Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching”中的“that’s approaching”可推测，空处指的是想象可能的“结果”。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到疲倦，就想象自己在房间的另一边对朋友微笑，感到自豪。A. avoid避免；B. imagine想象；C. practice练习；D. try尝试。根据下文“Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ____13____ experiences.”中的“imagery”可推测，空处指的是想象自己在对着朋友微笑。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用想象力可以激发动力，让你为更多鼓舞人心的经历做好准备。A. direct直接的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. sensory感觉的；D. shared共享的。根据本段内容可知，本段建议我们想象未来会有好的结果，由此可推测，空处指的是“鼓舞人心的或好的”经历。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还要记住，有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服是正常的，特别是如果你患有抑郁症和焦虑症。A. content满足的；B. distracted分心的；C. easy容易的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。根据下文“particularly if you experience depression and anxiety.”以及“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可推测，作者认为有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服，这很正常。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：担忧可能会让你觉得自己已经准备好应对威胁——但如果我们总是为灾难做准备，就会错过眼前的幸福。A. ending in以……结束；B. guarding against防范；C. heading for前往；D. preparing for为……做准备。根据上文“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可知，空处指的是为灾难做准备。故选D。 （十三） （2025年松江一模） At the ancient Olympics in Greece, athletes weren’t the only stars of the show. The game also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences. Competitors employed bigger names to write poems of their ___21___ , which choruses performed at celebrations. Physical strength and ___22___ skills were closely linked. Thousands of years later, this image ___23___ Pierre de Coubertin, a French nobleman known as the founder of the modern Olympics. The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics. The idea can be traced back to Plato’ s Republic, in which Socrates highlights the virtue of education that combines “gymnastics for the body and music for the ___24___ . ” Coubertin pictured a competition that would ___25___ muscle and mind. But his fellow organizers never fully shared his vision. The 1896 Games included only ___26___ competitions, such as swimming and fencing. Several new events, for instance, water polo in 1900 and boxing in1904, made their first appearance; ___27___ , muscle and mind remained firmly unrelated. Coubertin ___28___ — on August 5, 1904, he published an article, writing “… the arts and literature joined with sport to ensure the greatness of the Olympic Games. The same must be true in the future. . . ” when officials announced that Rome would host the 1908 Olympics. Coubertin argued that the partnership of sport and art had outlasted the destruction of Olympia, and the time had come to ___29___ this ideal completely. Since the first three modern Games had gotten the ball rolling, it was “possible and ____30____ to bring muscles and thought together again. ” Two years later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) held a conference to seriously discuss “to what extent and in what form the arts and literature can participate. ” The event program listed several arts categories that were ____31____ . Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competitions to the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture. All works entered into these categories, ____32____ named the Pentathlon of the Muses (缪斯五项) . They would need to be inspired by sports, bringing back the ancient harmony that Coubertin had ____33____ . In 1949, 12 years after Coubertin’s death, nevertheless, the IOC decided to ____34____ the art competitions, citing that most of the participants relied on their artistic work for a living and it was illogical to allow professionals to win Olympic medals. Today there are occasional ____35____ to bring the artistic competitions back. We do hope one day we can witness a wholly new Olympics. 21. A. knowledge B. victories C. interests D. liberty 22. A. sporting B. academic C. literary D. communicative 23. A. disturbed B. charmed C. tricked D. described 24. A. organizers B. competitors C. public D. soul 25. A. reunite B. compare C. distinguish D. refresh 26. A. athletic B. popular C. amateur D. fierce 27. A. otherwise B. likewise C. however D. moreover 28. A. stressed out B. felt prejudiced C. moved forward D. settled down 29. A. challenge B. restore C. evaluate D. abandon 30. A. troublesome B. imaginative C. annoying D. desirable 31. A. under control B. under consideration C. in use D. in progress 32. A. typically B. confusingly C. frequently D. collectively 33. A. expected B. suspended C. created D. legalized 34. A. justify B. discontinue C. stage D. enrich 35. A. rejections B. guidelines C. calls D. decisions 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了历史上法国贵族皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦曾经不断呼吁重视艺术和体育的和谐，虽然曾经恢复过一些艺术类别，但是1949年，顾拜旦去世12年后，国际奥委会决定停止艺术比赛，理由是大多数参赛者依靠他们的艺术作品为生，让专业人士赢得奥运奖牌是不合逻辑的。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：运动员们请名人为他们的胜利写诗，在庆祝活动中合唱。A. knowledge知识；B. victories胜利；C. interests兴趣；D. liberty自由。根据后文“choruses performed at celebrations”可知，是为胜利写诗，在庆祝活动中合唱。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体力和文学技巧紧密相连。A. sporting体育运动的；B. academic学术的；C. literary文学的；D. communicative健谈的。根据上文“The game also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences.(比赛也吸引了诗人，他们为热切的观众朗诵自己的作品)”以及运动员们请名人为他们的胜利写诗，在庆祝活动中合唱，说明体力和文学技巧紧密相连。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几千年后，这幅画迷住了被称为现代奥运会创始人的法国贵族皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦。A. disturbed打扰；B. charmed使……着迷；C. tricked欺骗；D. described描述。根据后文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”可知，这幅画迷住了被称为现代奥运会创始人的法国贵族皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法可以追溯到柏拉图的《理想国》，苏格拉底在其中强调了教育的美德，即“体操对身体和音乐对灵魂”的结合。A. organizers组织者；B. competitors竞争对手；C. public公众；D. soul灵魂。根据上文“Socrates highlights the virtue of education that combines “gymnastics for the body and music for the”可知，苏格拉底在《理想国》中强调了教育的美德，即“体操对身体和音乐对灵魂”的结合。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾拜旦描绘了一种将肌肉和思想重新结合起来的竞赛。A. reunite重新结合，重聚；B. compare比较；C. distinguish区别；D. refresh使恢复精神。根据上文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”可知，顾拜旦认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐，所以描绘了一种将肌肉和思想重新结合起来的竞赛。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1896年奥运会只包括游泳和击剑等体育比赛。A. athletic运动的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. amateur业余的；D. fierce激烈的。根据后文“such as swimming and fencing”指1896年奥运会只包括游泳和击剑等体育比赛。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些新项目首次亮相，例如1900年的水球和1904年的拳击；然而，肌肉和思维仍然毫无关联。A. otherwise否则；B. likewise同样地；C. however然而；D. moreover此外。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，用however。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：顾拜旦继续前进——1904年8月5日，他发表了一篇文章，写道“……艺术和文学与体育相结合，确保了奥运会的伟大。”A. stressed out紧张；B. felt prejudiced受到偏见；C. moved forward取得进展，继续前进；D. settled down解决。根据后文“on August 5, 1904, he published an article, writing “… the arts and literature joined with sport to ensure the greatness of the Olympic Games.”可知，由于之前奥运会中肌肉和思维仍然毫无关联，所以顾拜旦继续前进，在1904年8月5日，他发表了一篇文章，写道“……艺术和文学与体育相结合，确保了奥运会的伟大。”故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾拜旦认为，在奥林匹亚被毁灭之后，体育和艺术的伙伴关系仍然存在，现在是完全恢复这种理想的时候了。A. challenge挑战；B. restore恢复；C. evaluate评估；D. abandon抛弃。根据上文“the partnership of sport and art had outlasted the destruction of Olympia, and the time had come to”可知，体育和艺术的伙伴关系在奥林匹亚被毁灭后仍然存在，现在需要完全恢复这种理想。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于前三届现代奥运会已经拉开了序幕，“把力量和思想再次结合起来是可能的，也是可取的。”A. troublesome麻烦的；B. imaginative富于想象力的；C. annoying烦人的；D. desirable令人向往的，可取的。根据上文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”可知，顾拜旦一致认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐，所以认为把力量和思想再次结合起来是可能的，也是可取的。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：活动计划列出了几个正在考虑的艺术类别。A. under control处于控制之下；B. under consideration考虑中；C. in use在使用；D. in progress正在进行中。根据后文“Officials ultimately agreed to add five arts competitions to the Olympics in 1908: literature, painting, sculpture, music and architecture.(官员们最终同意在1908年的奥运会上增加五项艺术比赛：文学、绘画、雕塑、音乐和建筑)”可知，一开始只是考虑几个列出的艺术类别。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：所有的作品都归入这些类别，集体命名为缪斯的五项全能。A. typically典型地；B. confusingly难懂地；C. frequently频繁地；D. collectively集体地。根据后文“named the Pentathlon of the Muses”可知，所有的作品都归入这些类别，集体命名为缪斯的五项全能。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们需要受到体育运动的启发，恢复顾拜旦所期望的古代和谐。A. expected期待；B. suspended停止；C. created创造；D. legalized合法化。根据上文“The nobleman believed the world should value the harmony of arts and athletics.(这位贵族认为世界应该重视艺术和体育的和谐)”指恢复顾拜旦所期望的古代和谐。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1949年，顾拜旦去世12年后，国际奥委会决定停止艺术比赛，理由是大多数参赛者依靠他们的艺术作品为生，让专业人士赢得奥运奖牌是不合逻辑的。A. justify辩解；B. discontinue停止；C. stage上演；D. enrich丰富。根据后文“citing that most of the participants relied on their artistic work for a living and it was illogical to allow professionals to win Olympic medals”可知，国际奥委会决定停止艺术比赛，理由是大多数参赛者依靠他们的艺术作品为生，让专业人士赢得奥运奖牌是不合逻辑的。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，偶尔会有人呼吁恢复艺术比赛。A. rejections拒绝；B. guidelines指导方针；C. calls呼吁；D. decisions决定。根据后文“to bring the artistic competitions back”指呼吁恢复艺术比赛。故选C。 （十四） （2025年青浦一模） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ever wondered why you reach for a snack after hitting the gym? Research shows that physical exercise often leads to __21__ food consumption. With countless sports events __22__, a new question arises: Can watching sports on a screen also influence how much we eat? The answer is yes. Our research reveals that watching sports videos can increase candy consumption. But there is more to the story: the __23__ of the sports you are watching plays a crucial role in these effects. We first invited 112 students to the lab to watch a video and test some candies. The students who saw the sports video ate more candies than those who saw the one without physical activity. To learn more, we invited just the female students to watch videos __24__ either easy or difficult-to-perform sports. Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more. We can thus conclude that the ease of the exercise shown __25__ impacts candy consumption. To explain our findings, we looked at research on goal __26__. When people feel they are not meeting a goal, they push harder; but once they see __27__, they tend to relax. For example, after a workout, those aiming to stay fit might feel they have achieved advancement and then ease up on their efforts. This can lead to a __28__ in the drive to pursue related goals, like healthy eating. Research shows that achieving smaller goals (like exercising) can make people feel they have earned a(n) __29__, which results in overeating. So completing a workout might make you more likely to __30__ yourself with extra food than if you had not finished your session. So what is the __31__ for us? Be mindful of how watching sports can affect our eating habits. If you are aiming to stay on track with your diet, watch more __32__ sports. Moreover, when setting dieting goals, remind yourself that real progress comes from __33__ effort, not just imagining yourself doing a workout. Engage in activities that genuinely challenge you, and pair them with healthy eating habits. This way, you can avoid the trap of feeling the fitness goal to be __34__ accomplished and then overeating. In conclusion, should you watch the Olympic Games if you want to __35__ your diet? Of course, but it might be better to choose the physical activities you find the most difficult to perform — and watch them without moderation. 21. A. wasteful B. increased C. processed D. healthy 22. A. airing B. happening C. celebrating D. unfolding 23. A. category B. length C. difficulty D. audience 24. A. testing B. promoting C. capturing D. explaining 25. A. misleadingly B. frequently C. rarely D. significantly 26. A. feasibility B. motivation C. visualization D. clarity 27. A. hope B. videos C. treats D. progress 28. A. delay B. drop C. doubt D. confidence 29. A. break B. honor C. diet D. title 30. A. sustain B. prepare C. cheat D. reward 31. A. transition B. stimulation C. implication D. intervention 32. A. instructive B. relaxing C. influential D. challenging 33. A. consistent B. prospective C. ultimate D. individual 34. A. overly B. barely C. prematurely D. remarkably 35. A. put up with B. keep up with C. make up for D. set up for 答案：21-35 BACCD BDBAD CDACB 文章大意： 文章探讨了运动与饮食之间的关联，尤其是观看体育赛事对饮食的影响。研究表明，不仅实际的体育锻炼会导致食物摄入量增加，观看体育视频也会使糖果消费量上升，且所观看体育项目的难度在其中起着关键作用。通过实验发现，观看简单运动视频的学生比观看难的运动视频的学生吃的糖果更多。这一现象可以用目标动机理论来解释，当人们感觉目标达成或取得进展时，会放松对相关目标（如健康饮食）的追求，从而导致过度饮食。文章建议，若想保持健康饮食，应观看更具挑战性的体育项目，同时要明白真正的进步源于持续努力，避免因感觉健身目标过早达成而过度饮食。 答案解析 21. B：根据后文 “Can watching sports on a screen also influence how much we eat?” 以及 “watching sports videos can increase candy consumption” 可知，体育运动通常会导致食物摄入量 “增加”。“increased”（增加的）符合语境，“wasteful”（浪费的）、“processed”（加工过的）、“healthy”（健康的）均不符合文意，所以选 B。 22. A：此处指无数体育赛事 “播出”，“airing” 有 “播出，播放” 的意思，符合语境，“happening”（发生）、“celebrating”（庆祝）、“unfolding”（展开）均不能准确表达体育赛事在屏幕上播放这一含义，所以选 A。 23. C：从后文实验中对比观看简单和难的运动视频对学生糖果消费的影响可知，所观看体育项目的 “难度” 起着关键作用。“difficulty”（难度）符合语境，“category”（类别）、“length”（长度）、“audience”（观众）均不符合，所以选 C。 24. C：邀请女学生观看 “捕捉” 了简单或难的运动的视频，“capturing”（捕捉，拍摄）符合语境，“testing”（测试）、“promoting”（促进）、“explaining”（解释）均不符合观看的视频内容是关于运动的语境，所以选 C。 25. D：观看简单运动视频的学生吃的糖果更多，说明所展示运动的难易程度 “显著地” 影响糖果消费。“significantly”（显著地）符合语境，“misleadingly”（误导性地）、“frequently”（频繁地）、“rarely”（很少地）均不符合，所以选 D。 26. B：后文解释了人们在面对目标时的不同行为，如未达成目标会努力，达成则放松，这与目标 “动机” 相关。“motivation”（动机）符合语境，“feasibility”（可行性）、“visualization”（可视化）、“clarity”（清晰）均不符合，所以选 B。 27. D：当人们看到 “进展” 时，往往会放松。“progress”（进展）符合语境，“hope”（希望）、“videos”（视频）、“treats”（款待）均不符合，所以选 D。 28. B：运动后感觉实现了目标，会导致对相关目标（如健康饮食）的追求 “下降”。“drop”（下降）符合语境，“delay”（延迟）、“doubt”（怀疑）、“confidence”（信心）均不符合，所以选 B。 29. A：实现小目标（如锻炼）会让人们觉得自己应得一次 “休息”，从而导致暴饮暴食。“break”（休息）符合语境，“honor”（荣誉）、“diet”（饮食）、“title”（头衔）均不符合，所以选 A。 30. D：完成锻炼可能会让你更倾向于用额外食物 “奖励” 自己。“reward”（奖励）符合语境，“sustain”（维持）、“prepare”（准备）、“cheat”（欺骗）均不符合，所以选 D。 31. C：后文是对我们的建议，即观看体育赛事对我们饮食习惯的 “启示”。“implication”（启示，含义）符合语境，“transition”（过渡）、“stimulation”（刺激）、“intervention”（干预）均不符合，所以选 C。 32. D：若想保持饮食规律，应观看更 “具挑战性的” 体育项目。“challenging”（具挑战性的）符合语境，“instructive”（有教育意义的）、“relaxing”（放松的）、“influential”（有影响力的）均不符合，所以选 D。 33. A：真正的进步来自 “持续的” 努力。“consistent”（持续的）符合语境，“prospective”（未来的）、“ultimate”（最终的）、“individual”（个人的）均不符合，所以选 A。 34. C：避免感觉健身目标 “过早地” 完成而过度饮食。“prematurely”（过早地）符合语境，“overly”（过度地）、“barely”（几乎不）、“remarkably”（显著地）均不符合，所以选 C。 35. B：如果想 “跟上$$