专题02 选词填空（上海十六区一模） -【好题汇编】2025年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（上海专用）

专题02 选词填空 编者按：2025年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年浦东新区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accompany B. alternative C. diverse D. doubt E. predictable F. reflecting G. reframe H. reportedly I. seeking J. socially K. undesirable Voice changes as you age Do you sound… old? As we age, reductions in muscles and changes in the position you sit or stand make it harder to produce the same sounds that came easily in the past. Actually, many of the inconveniences that (11)_________ aging can damage the voice. If you’ve noticed your voice changing as you age, you’re not alone. Up to one in three older adults (12)_________ experiences a change in “normal voice quality.” Treatments that preserve or improve vocal(嗓音的) function for aging adults are highly (13)_________. There’s medication like hormone replacement therapy or thyroid(甲状腺) medication targeted at reducing an enlarged thyroid, which can cause vocal changes. But the front-line (14)_________ is usually a non-invasive therapeutic approach. It is a personalized physical therapy including vocal and breathing exercises designed to maintain vocal range, preserve volume, and handle individual issues. Overall, surgery is often unnecessary for the vast majority of patients with age-related issues. Keeping active and fit as you age can preserve muscle mass, strength, and benefit the breathing system. Voice experts further stress the importance of nutrition and hydration(水化作用), suggesting older adults drink plenty of water, adopt healthy diets and use steam generators at home. While researchers may (15)_________ the role that various factors play in voice preservation, they agree that quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of developing age-related voice disorders. What is noteworthy is that (16)_________ voice changes will cause other health concerns. If older adults are feeling like their voice is changing, and it’s impacting their ability to engage in personal and professional growth, or interpersonal communication, they can start to withdraw (17)_________ and become depressed. Researchers are increasingly trying to (18)_________ many “disorders” of the aging voice as a natural part of aging. Thus, it’s crucial for older adults to recognize that these changes are inevitable, (19)_________ the passage of time. Besides medical interventions, psychological support also plays a vital role in helping older adults handle voice changes. Since age-related voice changes are inevitable, there’s no shame in (20)_________ help. Our voice is very personal at any age. 参考答案： 11. A 12. H 13. C 14.B 15. D 16. K 17. J 18. G 19.F 20. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着年龄增长，人们的嗓音会发生变化这一现象，介绍了针对老年人嗓音功能的一些治疗方法、嗓音变化可能引发的其他健康问题以及研究者对这一现象的看法等，强调了认识到嗓音变化不可避免以及寻求帮助应对变化的重要性。 【11 题详解】 考查动词。句意：实际上，伴随衰老而来的许多不便都会损害嗓音。此处需要一个动词，根据语境及所给单词，“accompany”（陪伴，与…… 同时发生，伴随）符合句意，指那些与衰老同时出现的不便情况，故填 “A”。 【12 题详解】 考查副词。句意：多达三分之一的老年人据说经历了 “正常嗓音质量” 的变化。此处修饰动词 “experiences”，要用副词，“reportedly”（据说，据报道）符合语境，引出后面关于老年人嗓音变化情况的陈述，故填 “H”。 【13 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：针对老年人保护或改善嗓音功能的治疗方法是多种多样的。此处作表语，要用形容词，“diverse”（不同的，多种多样的）符合语境，说明治疗方法有多种类型，故填 “C”。 【14 题详解】 考查名词。句意：但一线的替代方案通常是一种非侵入性的治疗方法。此处需要一个名词作主语，根据语境及所给单词，“alternative”（可供选择的事物，替代方案）符合句意，指除了前面提到的药物治疗之外的其他可选方案，故填 “B”。 【15 题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然研究人员可能对各种因素在嗓音保护中所起的作用存在疑问，但他们一致认为戒烟能显著降低患与年龄相关的嗓音障碍的风险。此处需要一个动词，“doubt”（怀疑，疑问）符合语境，表达对相关因素作用的不确定态度，故填 “D”。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：值得注意的是，不良的嗓音变化会引发其他健康问题。此处修饰 “voice changes”，要用形容词，“undesirable”（不良的，不受欢迎的）符合语境，指那些不好的嗓音变化会带来后续影响，故填 “K”。 【17 题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果老年人感觉自己的嗓音在变化，并且影响到他们个人和职业发展以及人际交往的能力，他们可能会开始在社交方面退缩并变得抑郁。此处修饰动词 “withdraw”，要用副词，“socially”（在社交方面，社会上）符合语境，描述退缩的具体方面，故填 “J”。 【18 题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员越来越试图将许多老年人嗓音的 “障碍” 重新定义为衰老的自然组成部分。此处需要一个动词，“reframe”（重新构建，重新定义）符合语境，指改变对嗓音变化现象的看法，故填 “G”。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，对于老年人来说，认识到这些变化是不可避免的，是时间流逝的反映，这一点至关重要。此处需要一个动词，“reflecting”（反映，体现）符合语境，说明嗓音变化与时间流逝的关联，故填 “F”。 【20 题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于与年龄相关的嗓音变化是不可避免的，所以寻求帮助并不可耻。此处需要一个动词，“seeking”（寻求，寻找）符合语境，指寻求应对嗓音变化的帮助，故填 “I”。 （二） （2025年闵行一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. display B. features C. home D. peak E. timing F. mass G. equivalent H. favor I. extensive J. upsets K. distinction The Atacama Desert stretches along the coast of northern Chile, covering over 40,000 square miles of dry land. It has a reputation as the harshest desert in the world, although that （11）________ technically belongs to the Antarctica desert. In fact, some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall. Despite the severe conditions, the Atacama Desert is （12）________to a surprising number of plant species, many of which have evolved to survive long periods of drought. These flowers lie inactive, coming to life in a breathtaking（13）________that can stretch across thousands of square kilometers when conditions are favorable. This phenomenon is called a desert bloom. It occurs when infrequent rains cause a（n） （14）________growth of seeds that have lain inactive in the soil for years. These seeds are capable of resisting extreme heat and extended dryness. The current flowering isn't yet （15）________enough to be regarded as a desert bloom, covering only a few hundred square kilometers. But here's the strange thing: this phenomenon usually happens in the spring. Now, in Chile, it's winter —— so it's unusually early for something like this to happen. El Niño, a natural climate phenomenon that influences global weather, often plays a crucial role in the desert bloom. However, it is not yet confirmed whether it is to blame for the（16）________of this bloom. This phenomenon （17）________normal weather patterns, regularly bringing increased rainfall to regions that are typically dry. In the case of the Atacama desert, it can lead to occasional but significant rain events, which creates the perfect conditions for a desert bloom. The desert bloom（18）________ a collection of native flowers, each of which has adapted itself uniquely to the harsh environment. The current event, however, seems to（19）________ a specific purple flower that doesn't need a lot of water and grows in sandy sites. At its （20）________, a desert bloom can include up to 200 species, showcasing the toughness of life in this unpleasant environment. 参考答案： 11. K 12. C 13. A 14. F 15. I 16. E 17. J 18. B 19. H 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了阿塔卡马沙漠的相关情况，包括它虽条件恶劣但有着独特的沙漠开花现象，介绍了沙漠开花现象产生的原因、涉及的花卉特点以及厄尔尼诺现象对此现象可能产生的影响等内容。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：它有着世界上最严酷沙漠的名声，尽管严格来说这一殊荣属于南极沙漠。此处作主语，需要一个名词，根据 “belongs to” 以及所给单词，“distinction”（荣誉，殊荣，区别）符合语境，指世界上最严酷沙漠这一荣誉，故填 “K”。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管条件恶劣，阿塔卡马沙漠却是数量惊人的植物物种的家园，其中许多植物已经进化到能够在长期干旱中生存下来。“be home to...” 是固定短语，意为 “是…… 的家园，是…… 的所在地”，符合语境描述沙漠是众多植物物种生存的地方，故填 “C”。 【13 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些花处于休眠状态，在条件适宜时，它们会焕发生机，形成一片令人惊叹的景象，其范围可延伸数千平方公里。此处作介词 “in” 的宾语，需要一个名词，“display”（展示，景象）符合语境，指花开时呈现出的壮观景象，故填 “A”。 【14 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当罕见的降雨导致多年来一直潜伏在土壤中的种子大量生长时，就会出现这种现象。此处修饰 “growth”，要用形容词，“mass”（大量的，大批的）符合语境，描述种子大量生长的情况，故填 “F”。 【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：目前的开花范围还不够广泛，还不能被视为沙漠开花，其覆盖面积只有几百平方公里。此处作表语，要用形容词，“extensive”（广泛的，广阔的）符合语境，指开花的范围程度，故填 “I”。 【16 题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，目前还不确定它是否是此次开花时间异常的原因。此处作介词 “for” 的宾语，需要一个名词，“timing”（时间安排，时机，时间选择）符合语境，指开花的时间方面的情况，故填 “E”。 【17 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种现象扰乱了正常的天气模式，经常给通常干旱的地区带来更多降雨。此处需要一个动词作谓语，根据语境及所给单词，“upsets”（打乱，扰乱）符合句意，描述对天气模式的影响，故填 “J”。 【18 题详解】 考查动词。句意：沙漠开花展现了一系列本土花卉，每一种都独特地适应了恶劣的环境。此处需要一个动词作谓语，“features”（以…… 为特色，展示，展现）符合语境，指开花呈现出各种花卉的情况，故填 “B”。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，目前的情况似乎更青睐一种特定的紫色花朵，这种花不需要太多水分，生长在沙地。此处需要一个动词，“favor”（较喜欢，偏爱，有利于）符合语境，指当前情况更利于这种花生长，故填 “H”。 【20 题详解】 考查名词。句意：在其鼎盛时期，沙漠开花可包含多达 200 种植物，展示了在这种恶劣环境中生命的顽强。“at its peak” 是固定短语，意为 “在鼎盛时期，在巅峰状态”，符合语境描述开花最旺盛的时候，故填 “D”。 （三） （2025年普陀区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accents B. acquire C. boundaries D. fulfill E. guidelines F. liberally G. precisely H. priority I. prospect J. schedule K. suspect Find Your Life's Work Everyone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully ___11___ your potential?Here are some tips. ● Turn Passion into Profit Do not___ 12___ this statement:find something you like and you won't have to work a day. There is no better ___ 13 ___ than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog—as you can see, there are a lot of options. ● Imagine an Ideal World Another way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is ___14 ___to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don't limit yourself to ___15 ___ . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and ___ 16 ___ , and then think about how to translate them into reality. ● Recall Your Best Moments To determine your top ___ 17 ___ , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past?Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main___ 18 ___ are at this stage of life. ● Create a Roadmap You've identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B. Think about what skills you need to ___ 19 ___and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to ___20 ___them and start moving towards your goal. 【答案】 11. D 12. K 13. I 14. G 15. C 16. A 17. H 18. E 19. B 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种帮助人们找到人生事业的方法，包括将爱好转化为收益、构想理想世界、回顾美好时刻以及制定路线图等，旨在引导人们挖掘自身潜力，明确并朝着目标前进。 【11 题详解】 考查动词。句意：你想知道自己的职业是什么，在哪里可以成功地发挥自己的潜力吗？此处需要一个动词与 “your potential” 搭配，“fulfill” 有 “发挥，实现” 的意思，符合语境，表示实现自身潜力，故填 “D”。 【12 题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要怀疑这句话：找到你喜欢的事情，你就不用工作一天了。根据语境及所给单词，“suspect”（怀疑）符合句意，表达不要对这句话持有怀疑态度，故填 “K”。 【13 题详解】 考查名词。句意：没有比把爱好变成赚钱的好途径更好的前景了。此处需要一个名词作表语，“prospect”（前景，可能性）符合语境，指把爱好变现是很好的一种前景，故填 “I”。 【14 题详解】 考查副词。句意：也许你的目的正是让现实世界更接近这个理想形象。此处修饰动词 “bring”，要用副词，“precisely”（精确地，恰好，正是）符合语境，强调目的的精准指向，故填 “G”。 【15 题详解】 考查名词。句意：不要把自己局限在边界内。让幻想自由驰骋，让自己尽情梦想。此处作介词 “to” 的宾语，要用名词，“boundaries”（边界，界限）符合语境，指不要自我设限，故填 “C”。 【16 题详解】 考查名词。句意：写下脑海中浮现的任何想法。注意所有的细节和口音，然后思考如何将它们转化为现实。此处与 “details” 并列，也需要一个名词，“accents”（口音，腔调）在此处可引申为特色、特点等意思，符合语境，故填 “A”。 【17 题详解】 考查名词。句意：要确定你的首要任务，想想你经历过最快乐的时刻。此处需要一个名词，根据语境及所给单词，“priority”（优先事项，首要任务）符合句意，指确定最重要的事情，故填 “H”。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以，你会明白在人生的这个阶段你的主要指导方针是什么。此处需要一个名词作表语，“guidelines”（指导方针，准则）符合语境，指明白指导自己行动的准则，故填 “E”。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：想想你需要获得哪些技能，哪些日常习惯值得添加到你的生活中。此处需要一个动词与 “skills” 搭配，“acquire”（获得，习得）符合语境，表示获取技能，故填 “B”。 【20 题详解】 考查动词。句意：你在地图上标注的具体要点越多，就越容易安排并朝着你的目标前进。此处需要一个动词，“schedule”（安排，预定）符合语境，指对这些要点进行合理安排，故填 “J”。 （四） （2025年嘉定一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. ended C. exchanged D. increased E. mirrored F. narrow G. non-judgmentally H. non-productively I. shame J. stranger K. understood For Those in Crisis, a Friend to Text “A 19-year-old woman wrote to me in a text message, saying she was feeling hopeless and beginning to give up on life. . . . ” Aaron, a veteran (老兵) , has himself suffered from the similar stress and depression. He ___11___ the feeling. For the past year, Aaron has been volunteering with the Crisis Text Line (CTL), a free 24-hour service that people in need of a lifeline can ___12___ through the number 741741. The line currently has 1, 500 volunteer Crisis Consultants across the country and has ___13___ more than 19 million texts — 50,000 messages a day. As he had been instructed, Aaron “listened” openly and ___14___ to the young woman. He didn’t offer advice: he didn’t try to help her solve her problems. Mostly, his messages ___15___ back what he’d heard from her, occasionally emphasizing a strength that he’d noticed — like the fact that she’d taken this step to help herself even in the middle of her depression. “A lot of people feel extremely lonely,” he says. “Sometimes it takes a(n) ___16___ , not a close friend, to say, ‘Hey, you’ve been through a lot, but you’ve been helping yourself. If you can do that, you can do more. ’ Many people reply, ‘I’ve never thought about it that way.’” The goal of a crisis line, explains Nancy Lublin, who runs the CTL, is ___17___ . It’s not treatment; it’s meant to bring people from “a moment of hot to a moment of cool, ” so consultants can suggest ways the texter can move to a place of ___18___ safety. Researchers are excited about the text line. “Teens have been reluctant to use crisis services,” observes Anthony Pisani. “The CTL offers a layer of protection from the ___19___ of expressing your weaknesses.” As for the woman with whom Aaron was communicating, the opportunity to share her feelings with a kind stranger appeared to help. “She said she couldn't remember the last time anyone had told her they believed in her,” Aaron recalls. She ___20___ the conversation the way people often do, by texting, “Thanks for listening.” 【答案】11. K 12. A 13. C 14. G 15. E 16. J 17. F 18. D 19. I 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Crisis Text Line (CTL)是一个帮助人们在情感危机中找到支持的短信服务，通过志愿者提供倾听和陪伴，帮助人们安抚情绪，找到安全的方法。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：他理解这种感觉。空处为句子的谓语动词。此处表示Aaron理解压力和抑郁带来的感受。understand“理解”符合语境。句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故选K。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：在过去的一年里，Aaron一直在危机短信热线（CTL）做志愿者，这是一个24小时免费服务，有需要的人可以通过拨打741741这个号码接入。根据空前的can可知，空处需要动词原形。根据“a free 24-hour service that people in need of a lifeline”可知，需要的人能通过拨打741741这个号码接入危机短信热线。access为动词“进入”，符合语境。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：该热线目前在全国各地有1500名志愿者危机顾问，每天交换超过1900万条短信，即5万条。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据空后的more than 19 million texts可知，这条热线已经交换了超过1900万条短信。exchange为动词“交换”，符合语境。根据空前的has可知，本句话为现在完成时态，空处需要过去分词。故选C。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：按照指示，Aaron以开放和非评判的态度“倾听”这位年轻女士的心声。空处需要副词和空前的openly作并列状语，修饰动词listened。non-judgmentally为副词“不批评地”，符合语境。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：大多数情况下，他的信息只是反映了从她那里听到的内容，偶尔强调他注意到的一个优点——比如她在抑郁症期间还能采取行动帮助自己这一点。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据空前的“He didn’t offer advice: he didn’t try to help her solve her problems.”可知，Aaron不给建议，他的信息只反映他听到的内容。mirror为动词“反映”，符合语境。句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故选E。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：“很多人感到非常孤独，”他说。“有时候，需要一个陌生人，而不是亲密的朋友，来说‘嘿，你经历了很多，但你在帮助自己。’根据空前的a (n)可知，空处需要名词。根据not a close friend可知，此处表示一个陌生人。stranger为名词“陌生人”，符合语境。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：CTL的负责人Nancy Lublin解释说，危机热线的目标刚刚好。空处需要形容词作表语。narrow为形容词“刚刚好的”，此处指危机热线的目标刚刚好，即他们不是去治疗，而是让人们冷静下来。故选F。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它的目的是让人们从“激动时刻”转变为“冷静时刻”，这样顾问就可以建议发件人如何转移到更安全的状态。空处需要形容词作定语。increased为形容词“增强的”，此处指让人们转移到更安全的状态。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：CTL提供了一层保护，让你在表达自己的弱点时不会感到羞耻。空处需要名词作介词的宾语。根据“expressing your weaknesses”可知，人们在表达自己的弱点时会感到羞愧。shame为名词“羞愧”，符合语境。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：她像人们通常做那样，通过发短信结束了对话：“谢谢你倾听。”空处为句子的谓语动词。根据“Thanks for listening.”可知，这位女士结束了对话。end为动词“结束”，符合语境。句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故选B。 （五） （2025年虹口一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arguably B．fed C．match D．corresponding E．determine F．hint G．implications H．noticeably I．self-fulfilling J．substantial K．tasked People Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their Names A new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names. The researchers sought to ____11____ whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance, or if individuals’ facial appearances change over the years to ____12____ the social stereotypes(刻板印象) connected to their names. In the study, 9 - to 10-year-old children and adults were ____13____ with paring faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their ____14____ names, considerably above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part-of the study, a machine learning system was ____15____ a large database of images of human faces. The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were ____16____ more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names On the other hand, no ____17____ similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) ____18____ prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name. Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways, for example, because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the ____19____ of a religious name. Dr. Yonat Zwebner, Arison School of Business, Reichman University says, “Our findings ______20______ at the broader significance of this surprising effect— the powerful influence of social stereotypes.” 【答案】11. E 12. C 13. K 14. D 15. B 16. H 17. J 18. I 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项新研究，发现人们往往会改变自己的外貌以符合自己的名字。同时研究指出人的面部与名字之间的相似性源于一种自我实现的预言，即面部外貌会随着时间的推移而改变，以适应与名字相关的社会期望。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员试图确定父母是基于婴儿的外貌选择婴儿名字，还是个人的面部外貌会随着时间的推移而改变，以符合与他们名字相关的社会刻板印象。空格处为不定式to do形式作目的状语，且空格处为谓语动词，determine意为“确定”，符合句意。故选E项。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空格处与or前的choose为并列成分，且为不定式to do形式，match意为“匹配，符合”，此处表示“符合社会刻板印象”，符合句意。故选C项。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在这项研究中，9至10岁的儿童和成年人被要求将面孔与名字配对。空格处为谓语动词，且为被动语态be done形式，task“分配任务”符合句意，be tasked with意为“被分配任务做……”，此处构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“参与者们被分配了将面孔与名字配对的任务”。故选K项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究结果显示，儿童和成年人都正确地将成人面孔与相应的名字匹配起来，大大超过了偶然水平。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词names，corresponding为形容词，意为“相应的”符合句意。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在研究的另一部分，一个机器学习系统被输入了一个庞大的人脸图像数据库。空格处为谓语动词，且为被动语态be done形式，feed“输入”符合句意，be fed with为固定短语，意为“被输入”，此处构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“机器学习系统被输入了庞大的人脸数据库”。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：计算机识别出，同名成人的面部特征明显比不同名成人的面部特征更相似。空格处为副词作状语，修饰形容词similar，noticeably意为“明显地”，此处表示“明显地相似”，符合句意。故选H项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一方面，与名字不同的儿童相比，同名儿童之间没有发现实质性的相似性。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词similarity，substantial为形容词，意为“实质性的”，此处表示“实质性的相似性”，符合句意。故选J项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员得出结论，一个人的面部与名字之间的相似性源于一种自我应验的预言。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词prediction，self-fulfilling意为“自我实现的，自我应验的”，此处表示“一种自我应验的预言”，符合句意。故选I项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种刻板印象可以通过许多方式形成，例如，因为这个名字与一个著名人物有关，或者由于一个宗教名字的含义。空格处为介词of的宾语，此处implications意为“含义”表示“一个宗教名字的含义”，符合句意。故选G项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：Reichman大学的阿里森商学院Yonat Zwebner博士说：“我们的发现暗示了这一惊人效应的更广泛意义——社会刻板印象的强大影响力。”空格处为谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，此处hint意为“暗示”表示“发现暗示了这一惊人效应的更广泛意义”，符合句意。故选F项。 （六） （2025年长宁一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adaptable B. broadened C. dramatically D. handful E. inevitably F. likelihood G. maintained H. perception I. properly J. remarkable K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) ____11____ of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not ____12____: one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but ____13____ that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her ____14____ that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team ____15____ the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the ____16____ of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised ____17____ in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell ____18____. Sobel says this may be further proof as to how ____19____ the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour ____20____. Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. 【答案】11. D 12. J 13. G 14. K 15. B 16. F 17. C 18. I 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关嗅觉的新发现。原本人们认为位于大脑前部的嗅球在人类的嗅觉能力中起着至关重要的作用，但研究人员发现了少量女性虽然没有嗅球，却有着完全正常的嗅觉。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员现在发现了一组嗅觉完全正常但似乎缺乏嗅球的女性。分析句子可知，此空可填名词，handful ，表“少数”，“a handful of” 表示 “少量的，几个”，符合句意。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该团队，包括美国阳光科学研究所的Tali Weiss和Noam Sobel，表示嗅球的缺失是不寻常的，但并不显著：每10000人中就有一人没有嗅球，但我们曾认为没有嗅球的人不能闻到气味。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，remarkable，表“显著的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，在一项关于嗅觉和生殖能力之间可能联系的研究过程中，研究小组遇到了一名29岁的女性，她与众不同：她缺乏嗅球，但坚称自己的嗅觉仍然非常好。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，maintained，表“断言”，为maintain的过去式，符合句意。故选G项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员对她的每一项测试都表明，她确实有很好的辨别气味的能力，尽管她缺乏通常认为必要的嗅球。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与后面保持一致用一般过去时，suggested，表“表明”，为suggest的过去式，符合句意。故选K项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：该团队扩大了调查范围，发现了更多这样的女性，但根本没有男性。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，broadened ，表“扩大”，为broaden的过去式，符合句意。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员估计，在没有这些大脑结构的情况下，女性能够正常嗅觉的可能性约为0.6%。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，likelihood，表“可能性”，为名词，符合句意。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，左撇子女性发生这种情况的可能性大大增加。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，dramatically，表“显著地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：在左撇子中，缺乏嗅球的女性有大约4%的机会仍然能够正常嗅觉。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，properly，表“适当地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑适应性：如果它缺乏嗅球，它可以识别自己，因此其他大脑区域不可避免地承担着气味的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，adaptable，表“能适应的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑的适应性：如果它缺乏嗅球，它可以识别自己，因此其他大脑区域不可避免地承担着气味的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词， inevitably，表“不可避免的”，为副词，符合句意。故选E项。 （七） （2025年徐汇一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. present B. accomplishment C. plug D. household E. defeated F. significant G. diagnose H. addicts I. amateur J. alerted K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of ____11____ in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n)____12____, a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to ____13____ their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us ____14____ a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer ____15____ who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to ____16____ door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to ____17____ the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed ____18____ weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was ____19____, easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were ____20____ not all of them responded.) 【答案】11. B 12. I 13. A 14. K 15. H 16. D 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了DefCon黑客大会上，黑客通过挑战安全系统寻找漏洞，并向相关行业反馈以提升安全性。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：最初，你会得到一种成功感。根据句中“locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in”可知，此处表示被锁在家外面之后破门而入，获得了成功的感觉，空处应用名词accomplishment，sense of  accomplishment表示“成就感，成功感”。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：但随后令人担忧的是，如果你能以外行的身份闯入自己的地方，那么专业人士的速度可能会快五倍。根据句中“a professional could do so five times faster”可知，此处表示作为外行，与专业人士的速度进行对比，空处应用名词amateur，表示“业余爱好者，外行”。故选I。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：每年，充满激情的黑客都会在拉斯维加斯的DefCon大会上见面，展示他们的知识和能力。根据句中“passionate hackers meet at DefCon”可知，此处表示黑客在DefCon黑客大会上见面，他们会展示自己的知识和能力，空处应用动词present，表示“展示”。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：提到“黑客”这个词，我们中的许多人都会想象一个17岁的怪人坐在卧室里，非法侵入五角大楼的美国国防机密。根据句中“a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼)”可知，此处表示提到黑客时许多人想象的场景，空处应用动词picture ，表示“想象”。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些人喜欢寻找安全漏洞的挑战：无法改掉这个习惯的电脑成瘾者。根据句中“who can’t break the habit”可知，此处表示无法改掉这个习惯，也就是对电脑成瘾的人，空处应用名词addicts，表示“瘾君子，对……入迷的人”。故选H。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们非常小心地查看各种系统，从互联网到移动通信再到家用门锁。根据句中“door locks”以及语境可知，此处表示家用门锁，空处应用形容词household ，表示“家庭的，家用的”。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：通过这样做，他们为我们所有人提供了很好的服务，因为他们将他们的发现传递给设计这些系统的行业，然后这些行业能够填补安全漏洞。根据句中“they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems”以及语境可知，此处表示黑客将自己的发现传递给使用各种系统的行业，所以这些行业会填补安全漏洞，空处应用动词plug，表示“填入，填补”。故选C。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但当谈到更现代的设备时，演讲者揭示了几个品牌的机电锁的重大弱点。根据前句“one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock”以及本句中“weaknesses”可知，最安全的锁之一是一把有4000年历史的埃及锁，所以此处应表示现代设备中，几个品牌的机电锁的显著缺点，空处应用形容词significant，表示“显著的”。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：一个使用指纹扫描进入的生物锁很容易被一个回形针击败。根据句中“easily, by a paper clip”可知，此处表示指纹锁很容易被一个回形针击败，空处应用动词defeated，表示“击败”。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：不幸的是，尽管所有不安全锁的制造商都收到了警报，但并非所有制造商都做出了回应。根据上文中“the presenters revealed __8__ weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks”可推知，此处表示不安全锁的制造商收到警报，空处应用动词alerted，表示“使……警觉”。故选J。 （八） （2025年杨浦一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. energy B. choking C. conditional D. sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others’ desires during Christmas to maintain peace. This pressure increases ___11___ when we strive to make everyone happy, a behavior recognized as “people pleasing”, which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent’s love was ___12___ or emotionally inconsistent. People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family. Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily ___13___ people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. “They often make great team players, can read the ___14___ of a room, and are excellent at putting other people at ease,” explains Snape. However, the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships, over-work, and being taken advantage of. And these stresses only get ___15___ over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) ___16___ that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or ___17___. Snape advises you remember that, by setting boundaries, you aren’t being ___18___; you are actually helping the other person understand what you need, which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well ___19___ that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by ___20___ it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. 【答案】11. H 12. C 13. I 14. A 15. J 16. F 17. B 18. G 19. K 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们中的许多人都面临着在节日期间为取悦他人而产生的压力。人际关系教练Helen Snape提出了一些建议来缓解压力。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我们努力让每个人都快乐时，这种压力就会不成比例地增加，这种行为被认为是“取悦他人”，这种行为通常来自童年经历，即父母的爱是有条件的或情感上不一致的。此处应用副词修饰动词increases，作状语，根据句意可知，此处表示“不成比例地”应用副词disproportionately，故选H。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我们努力让每个人都快乐时，这种压力就会不成比例地增加，这种行为被认为是“取悦他人”，这种行为通常来自童年经历，即父母的爱是有条件的或情感上不一致的。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意和下文“emotionally inconsistent”可知，此处表示父母的爱是有条件的，“有条件的”，应用形容词conditional，故选C。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：海伦·斯内普（Helen Snape）是一位健康的人际关系教练，她表示，有一些迹象可以帮助您轻松发现取悦他人的人。help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用动词原形，根据句意和上文“there are signs to help easily”可知，有一些迹象帮助人们轻松发现那些取悦他人的人，“发现”为动词spot，故选I。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：“他们往往是优秀的团队合作者，能够解读房间的活力，并且非常擅长让其他人放松，”斯内普解释道。此处应用名词作宾语，根据句意可知，表示“活力”，应用名词energy，故选A。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些压力只会在节日期间变得更加严重。上文“People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family.”提到在节日期间，那些取悦他人的人们在取悦他人方面会格外明显可知，这种取悦他人的压力在节日期间变得更加强烈，get intensified意为“变得强烈”，故选J。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：斯内普建议，为了避免陷入你以后讨厌的经历，你必须提前确定并传达你的界限。此处应用名词作宾语，由a可知，应用名词单数，根据句意可知，此处表示“一段时间；一段经历”，应用名词episode，故选F。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对于讨好他人的人来说，这是很难做到的，因为他们担心这会让家庭气氛感到压抑或窒息。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，此处表示“令人窒息的”应用形容词choking，故选B。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：斯内普建议你记住，设定界限并不是刻薄；你实际上是在帮助对方了解你的需求，从长远来看，这将使这种关系以健康的方式持续下去。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，表示“刻薄的”，为形容词mean，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“设置这些限制会让人感到不舒服，但你可以放心，这种不舒服是暂时的，你会挺过去的，”斯内普说。此处应用形容词作表语，表示“确定的”，应用形容词assured。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：她建议通过在大自然中散步、平静的音乐或与朋友交谈等两项调节活动中来控制这种情绪不适。根据句意可知，此处表示将调节这种不适夹在两项调节活动之间，即通过调节两项活动来缓解这种不适，表示“把……夹在……之间”，为动词sandwich，由by可知，应用动名词作宾语，故选D。 （九） （2025年静安一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unnoticed B. decompose C. estimated D. fulfil E. replacement F. readily G. launch H. ultimate I. minimize J. hazard K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) ____11____ to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and ____12____ ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal ____13____ in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes ____14____,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The ____15____ available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise ____16____ in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) ____17____ for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to ____18____ eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s ____19____ dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) _____20_____ 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. 【答案】11. J 12. I 13. K 14. A 15. F 16. B 17. E 18. G 19. H 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了时尚行业正面临可持续性和环境挑战，以及设计师们如何探索创新方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，其中Zsofia Kollar利用人类头发作为创新材料来减少对环境的影响。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据后文“designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint”可推知，时尚产品生产被认为对环境有害，所以要探索创新的方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，用名词hazard作宾语，意为“危害”，符合语境。故选J项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据前文“reduce waste”可推知，要减少浪费，要最小化生态足迹，用动词minimize意为“最小化”，用原形构成不定式短语作 ways的后置定语，符合语境。故选I项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据后文“in clothing”以及“yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool”可推知，我们在服装中使用了除自己头发外的动物纤维，用可数名词fiber作宾语，意为“纤维”，有a variety of(各种各样的)修饰，用复数形式。故选K项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据前文“we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair...”和后文“Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?”可知，们的头发是被忽视的服装材料，用形容词unnoticed作表语，意为“未被注意的”，符合语境。故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种很容易获得的废弃物不需要土地、水或资源来生产。根据后文“available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce”可知，头发这种废弃物是很容易获得的，用副词readily作状语，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故选F项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：她的创新还节省了数千吨的头发，否则这些头发将在垃圾填埋场中分解。根据后文“in rubbish landfills”可知，头发会在垃圾填埋场中分解，用动词decompose作从句谓语，意为“分解”，在助动词would后用原形。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，这种织物可以作为棉花等天然材料的替代品，棉花的生产需要大量的水。根据下文“for natural materials like cotton”和“whose production requires large quantities of water”可知，棉花的生产需要大量的水，所以很容易获得的头发可以作为棉花的替代品，用名词replacement作宾语，意为“替代品”，符合语境。故选E项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：但Kollar已经与一家高端时尚品牌合作，推出环保时尚系列。根据后文“eco-friendly fashion collections”可知，Kollar推出环保时尚系列，用动词launch，意为“推出，发行”，用原形构成不定式短语。故选G项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废弃物，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据后文“dream”和“transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually”可知，这是他的最终梦想，用形容词ultimate作定语，意为“最终的”，符合语境。故选H项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废料，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据常识和后文“550,000 tons of human hair”可知，55万吨人类头发是估计的数字，用形容词estimated作定语，意为“估计的，预计的”，符合语境。故选C项。 （十） （2025年金山一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．access B．firmly C．grounded D．identity E．insistence F．locally G．luxurious H．place I．reduced J．resistant K．scale Change of heart It was October 2005. The destructive earthquake, killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan a week earlier, had ___11___ the valley to mud and broken stones. Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Lari was once famous for designing towers of glass and concrete. Over the decades, she has been known as the “starchitect” by taking part in many commercial projects, attracted by their creative freedom, large budgets and ___12___ materials. According to her, “it was a very exciting feeling.” Yet she found ways to stay ___13___. “I realized I was just working with rich people,” she says. She could no longer justify fashioning buildings out of unsustainable materials like mirrored glass when millions had limited ___14___ to housing and even water. That’s why she decided to move on. And here, in this disaster-stricken area, she’d be drawing plans to make homes ___15___ to earthquakes, using stone and timber debris (木材碎片). Pakistan’s location and environment ___16___ it within the top ten countries most impacted by climate change even though the country itself emits (散发) less than 1% of global greenhouse gases. Ironically, rebuilding projects funded by governments tend to use concrete and many other expensive, non-local building supplies. In contrast, Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials which can be sourced ___17___, such as bamboo, stand up to disasters better. Lari’s ___18___ on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. She says about 60,000 zero-carbon houses have been built since 2010. Next, she wants to ___19___ up and restore one million households. At age 83, Lari still often recalls of those early days. On one visit, villagers pulled out their best chairs and table. “They had lost everything,” she says, “but they covered this damaged table with a beautiful cloth. And then they served us with theirbest-known specialties: biscuits, tea and eggs.” She says she is still re-engineering her ____20____-from “starchitect” to humanitarian. And doing disaster-relief work feels deeply right. 【答案】11. I 12. G 13. C 14. A 15. J 16. H 17. F 18. E 19. K 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴基斯坦的女建筑师从“明星建筑师”到人道主义者的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：一周前在巴基斯坦、印度和阿富汗发生的破坏性地震造成约7.9万人死亡，并将山谷夷为平地。根据句意可知设空处是reduce意为“使变成”，和had构成过去完成时，应用过去分词，故选I。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：几十年来，她被称为“明星建筑师”，参与了许多商业项目，被他们的创意自由，庞大的预算和奢华的材料所吸引。根据句意可知设空处是luxurious，意为“奢华的”，修饰名词materials作定语，故选G。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，她找到了保持脚踏实地的方法。根据句意可知设空处是grounded，意为“脚踏实地的”，作表语，故选C。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：当数百万人无法获得住房甚至水的时候，她再也无法证明用镜面玻璃等不可持续的材料来建造建筑是合理的。根据句意可知设空处是access，意为“入口，通道”，作宾语，短语have access to意为“具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会”。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而在这里，在这个受灾地区，她正在绘制计划，用石头和木屑建造抗震房屋。根据句意可知设空处是resistant，意为“有抵抗力的”，作定语，故选J。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：巴基斯坦的地理位置和环境使其成为受气候变化影响最大的十个国家之一，尽管该国本身排放的温室气体不到全球的1%。根据句意可知设空处是place，意为“使处于”，作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是 Pakistan’s location and environment，故选H。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：相比之下，Lari的庇护所受到传统设计的启发，使用可在当地采购的可持续材料，如竹子，可以更好地抵御灾害。根据句意可知设空处是locally，意为“本地地”，修饰动词作状语，故选F。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：Lari对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的坚持反映了她对地球的承诺。根据句意可知设空处是insistence，意为“坚持”，作主语，故选E。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：接下来，她想扩大规模，恢复100万户家庭。 根据句意可知设空处是scale，和up构成短语scale up，意为“增加，提高”，故选K。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：她说，她仍在重新塑造自己的身份——从“明星建筑师”变成人道主义者。根据句意可知设空处是identity，意为“身份”，作宾语，故选D。 （十一） （2025年奉贤一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enter B. echo C. physical D. linked E. supposed F. initial G. literally H. diverse I. weather J. alternative K. effectively Skyquake If you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have ___11___ names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as “Seneca guns”; in Belgium they’re called “mistpoeffers”; and the Japanese refer to them as “uminari”, which ___12___ means “cries from the sea”. Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they ___13___ Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could ___14___ across a wide area. However, there is no ___15___ evidence reaching the ground. A(n) ___16___ explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies. Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from ___17___ sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, ___18___ ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is ___19___ to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these ____20____ mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound. Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. 【答案】11. H 12. G 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. J 17. I 18. K 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了天震这一物理现象以及对其成因的相关解释，并指出或许不同地方的天震有不同的成因，但目前其真实原因仍然是个谜。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：世界各地都有关于天震的报道，不同地区的当地人对天震有不同的称呼。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰names。根据“in different regions”可知，不同地区有不同的称呼。diverse意为“不同的”。故选H。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：日本人将它们称为“uminari”，字面意思是“大海的哭声”。空处修饰动词means，应用副词。这里是对“uminari”字面义的解释。literally意为“按字面，字面上”作状语。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些太空岩石在进入地球大气层时会爆炸。空处作when时间状语从句的谓语，应用动词。一般现在时，表示将来。根据空后的“Earth’s atmosphere”可知，这里指进入地球的大气层。enter意为“进入”。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果这发生在厚厚的云层之上，声音可能会在广阔的区域内回响。空前有could，空处应用不及物动词的原形。根据“the sound”和“across a wide area”可知，这里表示声音在广阔区域内产生回响。echo意为“回响”should后接动词原形。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，没有实证到达地面。空处应用形容词作定语。根据空后的“evidence”可知，这里指证明声音到达地面的实物证据。physical意为“物质的，有形的”作定语。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一种解释是气体从湖底流出。根据第二段的“Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause.(一些科学家认为，一种流星可能是原因。)”可知，前面给了关于天震的一种解释，认为可能是流星造成的，这里讲述另一种解释，应用形容词alternative，意为“可替代的，另外的”作定语。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员将当地新闻报道与天气传感器和地震探测器的信息进行了比较。根据下文中的“because of special weather conditions”可知，研究人员考虑了天气状况，由此可知，他们有搜集天气传感器的信息。weather意为“天气”作定语。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们无法确定任何与奇怪噪音同时发生的地震活动，有效地排除了地面震动是造成这种现象的原因。空处用副词，修饰ruling。根据“They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises”可知，无法确定任何与奇怪噪音同时发生的地震活动，这种发现可以有效排除地面震动是诱发因素。effectively意为“有效地”作状语。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们得出结论，这种现象与大气有关。根据“this phenomenon is”和“to the atmosphere”可知，这种现象与大气有关。be linked to意为“与……有联系”符合句意。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：多年来，许多这些所谓的神秘噪音被证明是由飞行速度超过声速的军用飞机引起的。空处应用形容词，修饰mystery noises。这里表示所谓的神秘噪音。supposed意为“所谓的，误信的”。故选E。 （十二） （2025年黄浦区一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clarity B．enriching C．ideally D．recharge E．refreshed F．schedule G．selfish H．socially I．strike J．tolerate K．varying How to Get the Most Out of Alone Time Solitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negative emotional state, solitude can be a positive and ____11____ experience. As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become ____12____ awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t ____13____ being alone while transitioning to a better situation. Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain ____14____ on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to ____15____ and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life. It’s essential to ____16____ a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have ____17____ needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better ____18____ daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back ____19____. Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as _____20_____ or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. 【答案】11. B 12. H 13. J 14. A 15. D 16. I 17. K 18. F 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了独处的重要性和如何充分利用独处时光，提出了对独处的不同看法以及如何在独处和社交互动之间找到平衡的观点。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然我们通常将孤独视为一种消极的情绪状态，但独处可以是一种积极且充实的体验。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当定语，和上文的“positive”一致。选项B“enriching”，形容词，意为“充实的”，符合句意。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果我们花太多时间独处，可能会变得在社交上笨拙，从而更难与他人建立联系并从周围的人那里获得反馈。根据下文“making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us”可知，空处指的是“社交上”。选项H“socially”，副词，意为“社交上”，符合句意。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你无法忍受独处，你可能会让自己长期处于一些不利的情境或做出不利于自己的选择，这主要是因为你无法在过渡到更好的处境时忍受独处。根据上文“If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run”可推测，空处指的是“忍受”。选项J“tolerate”，动词，意为“忍受”，符合句意。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：它可以让你专注于自己的思想和感受，对个人挑战有更清晰的认识，并加深对自己的了解。根据下文“develop a deeper understanding of yourself”可知，空处指的是对个人挑战有更清晰的“了解”。选项A“clarity”，名词，意为“认识”，符合句意。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：独处还可以是在应对现代生活的需求和干扰中充电和寻找平静的一种方式。根据上文“Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth.”可知，独处是自我反思、放松、创造和个人成长的时间。由此可推测，空处的意思和“成长、充电”相关。选项D“recharge”，动词，意为“充电”，符合句意。故选D。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：在独处和社交互动之间找到平衡至关重要。根据空后的“balance between solitude and social interaction”可推测，空处指的是“努力找到”；选项I“strike”，动词，意为“努力找到、寻求”，符合句意。故选I。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不同的人对独处的需求各不相同，找到适合自己的独处时间量对于过上充实的生活至关重要。根据上文的“Different individuals”可推测，空处指的是“不同的”。选项K“varying”，形容词，意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选K。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：你最好每天安排一些独处的时间。根据空后的“daily time for solitude”可推测，空处指的是“安排”；选项F“schedule”，动词，意为“安排”，符合句意。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，午餐时间，独自去散步，回来后就会感到精神焕发。根据上文“at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself”以及常理可知，散步回来后，会感到“精神焕发”。选项E“refreshed”，意为“精神焕发的”，符合句意。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：想要独处可能会被视为自私或反社会；你应该想着他人并为他们做事。根据空后的“anti-social”可推测，空处与“不社交”相似。选项G“selfish”，形容词，意为“自私的”，符合句意。故选G。 （十三） （2025年松江一模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. admission B. broad C. comfortably D. decoded E. forerunner F. hardly G. replaced H. risky I. spread J. subjects K. switches More Than a Popularizer Certain creative works possess such an endless ability to bounce that they become fixed in the culture. One such book is Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point. Published more than two decades ago, it dug into a (n) ___11___ range of topics, from crime rates in New York to shoe sales, all from the perspectives of epidemiology (流行病学). “Ideas and products and messages and behaviors ___12___ just like viruses do,” he wrote. Gladwell presented his readers with a series of stories, mysteries and puzzles, and then ___13___ them, revealing his workings in a cheerful and confident narrative (描述性的) voice. Listen to me, he seemed to whisper to his readers, and I will show you the hidden workings of society, and how you, as an individual, can influence or “tip” the trends that shape it. Almost 25 years and six books later, he wrote a follow-up, Revenge of the Tipping Point, which is like its ___14___ in its self-confidence, attractiveness and clarity. However, the new book bears the mark of an author living in a country very different to the United States 25 years ago. The case studies about shoes in The Tipping Point are ___15___ by stories that touch on the anxieties of modern America. Many of his ___16___ are familiar and yet he empowers them with a new energy. In chapter five, he further explorers the question of diversity in offers from the Ivy League, ___17___ an underreported issue, and yet he somehow thinks from a totally different angle. Instead of examining the means by which first-class institutions keep minorities out, he reveals the ways in which Harvard, through its ___18___ policy for athletes, only invites rich and white applicants in. Gladwell combines viewpoints about epidemiology with the detail of a court copy or direct quotation, and ___19___ between different worlds, drawing comparisons and contrasts — that’s where part of his charm lies. It is an exciting technique, but it comes with ____20____ elements — his topics, so highly charged at an individual level, sometimes lack sympathy. 【答案】11. B 12. I 13. D 14. E 15. G 16. J 17. F 18. A 19. K 20. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《引爆点》这本书的特点。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这本书出版于二十多年前，从流行病学的角度出发，深入探讨了从纽约的犯罪率到鞋子销售等一系列广泛的话题。根据“from crime rates in New York to shoe sales, all from the perspectives of epidemiology”以及句意“广泛的”可知应填形容词broad，作定语修饰名词range。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：“想法、产品、信息和行为就像病毒一样传播，”他写道。根据“just like viruses do”以及句意“传播”可知应填动词spread，结合后文do可知为一般现在时，主语为Ideas and products and messages and behaviors，谓语用原形。故选I。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：格拉德威尔向读者呈现了一系列的故事、谜团和谜题，然后对它们进行解码，以一种欢快而自信的叙事方式揭示了他的作品。根据“revealing his workings in a cheerful and confident narrative voice”以及句意“解码”可知应填动词decode，根据上文presented可知为一般过去时。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：在写了近25年的6本书之后，他又写了一部续集《引爆点的复仇》，这本书在自信、吸引人和清晰方面都与先驱相似。根据“he wrote a follow-up, Revenge of the Tipping Point, which is like its”以及句意“先驱”（指《引爆点》）可知应填名词forerunner，作宾语。故选E。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：《引爆点》中关于鞋子的案例研究被触及现代美国焦虑的故事所取代。根据“by stories that touch on the anxieties of modern America”以及句意“取代”可知应填动词replace，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态，用过去分词replaced。故选G。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：他的许多主题都很熟悉，但他赋予他们一种新的能量。根据“he further explorers the question of diversity”以及句意“主题”可知应填复数名词subjects，作宾语。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：在第五章中，他进一步探讨了常春藤盟校录取通知书的多样性问题，这几乎不是一个被低估的问题，但他不知怎么地从一个完全不同的角度思考。根据“and yet he somehow thinks from a totally different angle”以及句意表示“几乎不”可知应填副词hardly，故选F。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：他没有研究一流大学如何将少数族裔拒之门外，而是揭示了哈佛如何通过其运动员录取政策，只邀请富有的白人申请者。根据“policy for athletes, only invites rich and white applicants in”以及句意“录取”可知应填名词admission，作定语修饰policy。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：格拉德威尔将流行病学的观点与法庭副本或直接引用的细节结合起来，并在不同的世界之间切换，进行比较和对比——这就是他的魅力所在。根据“between different worlds”以及句意“切换”可知应填switch，根据上文Gladwell combines可知，一般现在时，用三单形式。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是一种令人兴奋的技巧，但也伴随着风险因素——他的主题，在个人层面上如此激烈，有时缺乏同情。根据“so highly charged at an individual level, sometimes lack sympathy”以及句意“风险”可知应填形容词risky，作定语修饰名词elements。故选H。 （十四） （2025年青浦一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. currently B. elsewhere C. conducting D. instantly E. curved F. total G. civilians H. waves I. crewed J. set K. previous Record Number of People in Space It’s “rush hour” in Earth orbit at the moment. We’ve reached a record number of humans in space, NASA announces. Crew onboard the Russian Soyuz capsule, a flight to the International Space Station (ISS) that took place on Sept. 11, became record-breaking space residents this week, as the number (11) ______ up to the now 19 humans living and working in space. A US astronaut and two Russian astronauts have joined nine others (12) ______ onboard the ISS, and the two astronauts enjoying an extended stay, Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams. There are three “taikonauts” (13) ______ in orbit — Ye Guangfu, Li Cong, and Li Guangsu — onboard the Chinese Tiangong Space Station. There are also four (14) ______ in orbit — Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, and Anna Menon — who are taking part in SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission, and just carried out the first-ever private space walk at their own expense. With the amount of 19 humans, it beats the (15) ______ record for the most amount of humans in Earth’s orbit at one time. That record was (16) ______ last year in May 2023 when 17 people were in orbit, including astronaut Frank Rubio who was also on an unplanned extended stay. Bear in mind that the episode of the present time is not the record for the largest number of people in space. Using the US definition of space at 80 kilometers (50 miles), that record was broken in May 2023 when a(n) (17) ______ of 20 people were in space. This involved people on the ISS and the Tiangong space station, plus two private sub-orbital space ventures by Virgin and Axiom Space. Sub-orbital flights do not orbit the Earth. Instead, they follow a(n) (18) ______ trajectory (轨迹) that reaches the edge of space and then fall back to Earth. But back to September 2024, the present Polaris Dawn mission is particularly novel and exciting. Traveling in a Crew Dragon spacecraft is the furthest distance from Earth that a(n) (19) ______ vehicle has flown since the era of the Apollo program in the 1960s and early 1970s. Gillis and Menon also earn the record for the furthest a woman has ever flown from Earth. On September 12, the Polaris Dawn mission made even more history by (20) ______ the first spacewalk ever attempted by private citizens using SpaceX’s newly designed spacesuits. 【答案】11. J 12. A 13. B 14. G 15. K 16. H 17. F 18. E 19. I 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了地球轨道上的人类数量达到了创纪录的水平，分别介绍了国际空间站、中国天宫空间站以及 SpaceX 的 “北极星黎明” 任务中的人员情况，同时提及了相关的太空记录以及 “北极星黎明” 任务所创造的历史等内容。 【11 题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：本周，搭乘俄罗斯 “联盟号” 太空舱（9 月 11 日飞往国际空间站的一次飞行）的宇航员成为了破纪录的太空居民，因为人数达到了目前在太空生活和工作的 19 人。“set up to” 有 “达到，增加到” 的意思，符合语境，表示人数增加到一定数量，故填 “J”。 【12 题详解】 考查副词。句意：一名美国宇航员和两名俄罗斯宇航员已经加入了目前在国际空间站上的另外九人，还有两名宇航员 —— 布奇・威尔莫尔（Butch Wilmore）和苏尼・威廉姆斯（Suni Williams）正在进行长时间停留。此处修饰 “onboard the ISS”，表示目前所处的状态，用副词 “currently”（目前，当前），故填 “A”。 【13 题详解】 考查副词。句意：还有三名 “航天员”—— 叶光富、李聪和李光洙 —— 在中国天宫空间站的轨道上。根据语境可知是在其他地方（即天宫空间站）的轨道上，“elsewhere”（在别处，到别处）符合语境，故填 “B”。 【14 题详解】 考查名词。句意：还有四名平民在轨道上 —— 贾里德・艾萨克曼（Jared Isaacman）、斯科特・波蒂特（Scott Poteet）、萨拉・吉利斯（Sarah Gillis）和安娜・梅农（Anna Menon）—— 他们正在参与 SpaceX 的 “北极星黎明” 任务，并刚刚自费进行了有史以来第一次私人太空行走。根据后面介绍的人物参与私人太空任务等情况可知他们是平民身份，“civilians”（平民）符合语境，故填 “G”。 【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有了 19 人的数量，它打破了之前同一时间地球轨道上人数最多的记录。此处修饰 “record”，表示之前的记录，用 “previous”（以前的，先前的），故填 “K”。 【16 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一记录是在去年 2023 年 5 月创下的，当时有 17 人在轨道上，其中包括宇航员弗兰克・鲁比奥（Frank Rubio），他也经历了一次计划外的长时间停留。“was set” 是一般过去时的被动语态，“set”（设定，创下）符合语境，表示记录被创下，故填 “H”。 【17 题详解】 考查名词。句意：请记住，目前这一情况并非太空人数最多的记录。按照美国对 80 公里（50 英里）以上为太空的定义，这一记录在 2023 年 5 月被打破，当时总共有 20 人在太空。“a total of...” 表示 “总共……”，符合语境描述总人数的情况，故填 “F”。 【18 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：相反，它们沿着一条弧形轨迹飞行，到达太空边缘后再落回地球。此处修饰 “trajectory”（轨迹），用 “curved”（弧形的，弯曲的）来描述轨迹的形状，符合语境，故填 “E”。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：乘坐 “载人龙” 飞船飞行的距离是自 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代初阿波罗计划时代以来，载人飞行器离地球最远的一次。此处修饰 “vehicle”，表示载人的飞行器，用 “crewed”（载人的），故填 “I”。 【20 题详解】 考查动词。句意：9 月 12 日，“北极星黎明” 任务创造了更多历史，进行了有史以来第一次由平民使用 SpaceX 新设计的太空服尝试的太空行走。“by doing sth.” 表示通过做某事，此处用 “conducting”（进行，实施）符合语境，表示进行太空行走这一活动，故填 “C”。 （十五） （2025年崇明一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appealing B. attainable C. basically D. dramatically E. freedom F. kicks G. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawal FIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire Early Many Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone. “Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 11 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 12 so investors can choose how to spend their time. “The concept of the movement is 13 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California. A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security. People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 14 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts. Retiring early might sound 15 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 16 in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 17 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 18 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford. “FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “You may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 19 strategy should stay the same.” If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 20 . 【答案】 11. H 12. E 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. F 17. K 18. G 19. J 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 “财务独立，提前退休”（FIRE）这一生活方式运动，包括其理念、实现方式、面临的风险以及可能不适合某些人的原因等内容。 【11 题详解】 考查动词。句意：“财务独立，提前退休”（FIRE）是一种生活方式运动，它优先考虑极端的储蓄和投资，以便能够比传统方法允许的更早退休。此处需要一个动词作谓语，根据语境及所给单词，“prioritizes”（优先考虑，将…… 列为优先事项）符合句意，故填 “H”。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：FIRE 的目标是实现财务自由，这样投资者就可以选择如何支配自己的时间。根据前文提到的 “能够自主选择如何支配时间” 以及所给单词，此处应填 “freedom”（自由），表示财务方面达到自由的状态，故填 “E”。 【13 题详解】 考查副词。句意：总部位于加利福尼亚州福尔瑟姆的 True Worth 财务规划公司的理财规划师瑞秋・伯恩斯（Rachael Burns）表示：“这场运动的理念基本上就是拥有财务上的灵活性，从而拥有终极的生活灵活性。” 此处修饰动词 “having”，应用副词，“basically”（基本上，大体上）符合语境，故填 “C”。 【14 题详解】 考查副词。句意：通过大幅削减开支、寻找增加收入的方法，并将节省下来的钱投资于税收优惠账户和常规经纪账户的组合，人们利用 FIRE 提前退休。此处修饰动词 “reducing”，要用副词，“dramatically”（戏剧性地，大幅度地）符合语境，体现出削减开支的程度之大，故填 “D”。 【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：提前退休可能听起来很有吸引力，但也存在风险，而且并非适合所有人。此处作表语，要用形容词，“appealing”（有吸引力的，吸引人的）符合语境，描述提前退休这件事给人的感觉，故填 “A”。 【16 题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，如果你停止工作，在大约 65 岁医疗保险生效之前，你将不得不自己承担医疗费用，而且你的投资可能不会像你想象的那样表现良好。根据语境及所给单词，“kicks” 与 “in” 构成短语 “kicks in”，意为 “开始生效，起作用”，符合此处关于医疗保险生效的语境，故填 “F”。 【17 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这两种情况中的任何一种都可能产生后果，比如不得不提高你的提款率或需要重新进入职场。根据前文提到的可能面临的资金等问题以及所给单词，“withdrawal”（提款，撤回）符合语境，此处指提高提款的比率，故填 “K”。 【18 题详解】 考查名词。句意：FIRE 还要求将开支削减到最低限度，这样你就有更多的收入用于投资，而这并不是每个人都能负担得起的。“the bare minimum” 是固定短语，意为 “最低限度，最少量”，符合语境要求削减开支到最低程度的意思，故填 “G”。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你可能需要根据市场情况在某些年份调整支出或储蓄，但基本策略应该保持不变。此处修饰名词 “strategy”，要用形容词，“underlying”（根本的，潜在的，基本的）符合语境，强调基础、根本的策略，故填 “J”。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：缺乏应急资金或背负高息债务可能是 FIRE 不可行的其他原因。此处作表语，要用形容词，“attainable”（可达到的，可实现的）符合语境，指 FIRE 这种方式可能因为这些原因而无法实现，故填 “B”。 （十六） （2025年宝山一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. available B. informed C. movement D. generate E. tourism F. digitally G. prevent H. marketing I. comfort J. vividly K. inaccessible Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don't have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced (拥抱) 11 with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the 12 of your living room. You might argue that you don't have a VRheadset (头戴装置), but no matter. Two travel styles are 13 : monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to change the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head 14 , so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to "travel," these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can't, you can virtually preview a place and make more 15 decisions about it. You're able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination 16 organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can dazzle (使赞叹) their audience and 17 interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By 18 documenting, storing and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly 19 historical sites and cultural landmarks. People with accessibility challenges, such as those with physical disabilities or health concerns that 20 their travel, will enjoy the inclusive approach VR provides. Literally anyone can now experience an adventure, virtually! Whether you're unable to travel, don't have enough money or prefer to be an armchair traveler, you can still explore the world. 【答案】11. E 12. I 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. H 17. D 18. F 19. K 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了虚拟现实（VR）技术在旅游业中的应用，包括其不同的呈现形式、在帮助人们做旅行决策、助力企业营销、文化教育及为出行不便人群提供便利等方面所发挥的作用，展现了 VR 为人们带来的独特旅行体验。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果是这样，可以考虑通过虚拟现实（VR）进行旅行，旅游业已张开双臂欣然接纳了它。此处作动词 “embraced” 的宾语，需要一个名词，根据后文围绕 VR 在旅游方面的应用等内容以及所给单词，“tourism”（旅游业）符合语境，故填 “E”。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：人工智能旅行性价比高，能让你足不出户就能看世界。“the comfort of...” 表示 “…… 的舒适环境”，符合此处表示在自家客厅舒适的环境中就能体验旅行的语境，故填 “I”。 【13 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有两种旅行方式可供选择：单视场和立体视场。此处作表语，说明两种旅行方式是可以被选用的，“available”（可获得的，可利用的，可供选择的）符合语境，故填 “A”。 【14 题详解】 考查名词。句意：头戴装置中的软件会跟踪你的头部动作，所以只要转动头部，你就能以更逼真的方式探索每一个新场景。根据 “tracks”（跟踪）以及后文 “by just turning your head” 可知是跟踪头部的 “movement”（动作，移动），故填 “C”。 【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除了考察你可能想去但去不了的地方，你还可以虚拟预览一个地方，并做出更明智的决定。此处修饰 “decisions”，应用形容词，“informed”（了解情况的，见识广的，明智的）符合语境，指基于虚拟预览能做出更合理明智的决定，故填 “B”。 【16 题详解】 考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，旅行社、酒店和目的地营销组织正在利用这一工具为自己谋利。此处与 “travel agencies”（旅行社）、“hotels” 并列，指的是相关的组织，“marketing”（营销）符合语境，“destination marketing organizations” 表示 “目的地营销组织”，故填 “H”。 【17 题详解】 考查动词。句意：通过创造虚拟体验，企业可以让受众赞叹不已，并激发他们对特定目的地或住宿的兴趣。此处与 “dazzle” 并列，需要一个动词，且根据语境是要产生兴趣，“generate”（产生，引起）符合要求，故填 “D”。 【18 题详解】 考查副词。句意：通过数字化记录、存储和分享信息，非营利组织 CyArk 正通过 VR 探索帮助保护濒危的文化遗产地。此处修饰动词 “documenting”（记录）、“storing”（存储）和 “sharing”（分享），应用副词，“digitally”（以数字方式，数字化地）符合语境，故填 “F”。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了培养对世界更广泛的了解，学生们现在可以进行虚拟实地考察，前往以前无法到达的历史遗迹和文化地标。此处修饰 “historical sites and cultural landmarks”，根据语境是之前难以到达的地方，“inaccessible”（难以到达的，无法接近的）符合语境，故填 “K”。 【20 题详解】 考查动词。句意：有出行障碍的人，比如那些因身体残疾或健康问题而无法出行的人，将享受 VR 提供的包容性方式。此处需要一个动词作定语从句中的谓语，根据 “accessibility challenges” 以及所给单词，“prevent”（阻止，妨碍）符合语境，指妨碍他们出行，故填 “G”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 选词填空 编者按：2025年上海十六区高三一模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 （一） （2025年浦东新区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accompany B. alternative C. diverse D. doubt E. predictable F. reflecting G. reframe H. reportedly I. seeking J. socially K. undesirable Voice changes as you age Do you sound… old? As we age, reductions in muscles and changes in the position you sit or stand make it harder to produce the same sounds that came easily in the past. Actually, many of the inconveniences that (11)_________ aging can damage the voice. If you’ve noticed your voice changing as you age, you’re not alone. Up to one in three older adults (12)_________ experiences a change in “normal voice quality.” Treatments that preserve or improve vocal(嗓音的) function for aging adults are highly (13)_________. There’s medication like hormone replacement therapy or thyroid(甲状腺) medication targeted at reducing an enlarged thyroid, which can cause vocal changes. But the front-line (14)_________ is usually a non-invasive therapeutic approach. It is a personalized physical therapy including vocal and breathing exercises designed to maintain vocal range, preserve volume, and handle individual issues. Overall, surgery is often unnecessary for the vast majority of patients with age-related issues. Keeping active and fit as you age can preserve muscle mass, strength, and benefit the breathing system. Voice experts further stress the importance of nutrition and hydration(水化作用), suggesting older adults drink plenty of water, adopt healthy diets and use steam generators at home. While researchers may (15)_________ the role that various factors play in voice preservation, they agree that quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of developing age-related voice disorders. What is noteworthy is that (16)_________ voice changes will cause other health concerns. If older adults are feeling like their voice is changing, and it’s impacting their ability to engage in personal and professional growth, or interpersonal communication, they can start to withdraw (17)_________ and become depressed. Researchers are increasingly trying to (18)_________ many “disorders” of the aging voice as a natural part of aging. Thus, it’s crucial for older adults to recognize that these changes are inevitable, (19)_________ the passage of time. Besides medical interventions, psychological support also plays a vital role in helping older adults handle voice changes. Since age-related voice changes are inevitable, there’s no shame in (20)_________ help. Our voice is very personal at any age. （二） （2025年闵行一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. display B. features C. home D. peak E. timing F. mass G. equivalent H. favor I. extensive J. upsets K. distinction The Atacama Desert stretches along the coast of northern Chile, covering over 40,000 square miles of dry land. It has a reputation as the harshest desert in the world, although that （11）________ technically belongs to the Antarctica desert. In fact, some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall. Despite the severe conditions, the Atacama Desert is （12）________to a surprising number of plant species, many of which have evolved to survive long periods of drought. These flowers lie inactive, coming to life in a breathtaking（13）________that can stretch across thousands of square kilometers when conditions are favorable. This phenomenon is called a desert bloom. It occurs when infrequent rains cause a（n） （14）________growth of seeds that have lain inactive in the soil for years. These seeds are capable of resisting extreme heat and extended dryness. The current flowering isn't yet （15）________enough to be regarded as a desert bloom, covering only a few hundred square kilometers. But here's the strange thing: this phenomenon usually happens in the spring. Now, in Chile, it's winter —— so it's unusually early for something like this to happen. El Niño, a natural climate phenomenon that influences global weather, often plays a crucial role in the desert bloom. However, it is not yet confirmed whether it is to blame for the（16）________of this bloom. This phenomenon （17）________normal weather patterns, regularly bringing increased rainfall to regions that are typically dry. In the case of the Atacama desert, it can lead to occasional but significant rain events, which creates the perfect conditions for a desert bloom. The desert bloom（18）________ a collection of native flowers, each of which has adapted itself uniquely to the harsh environment. The current event, however, seems to（19）________ a specific purple flower that doesn't need a lot of water and grows in sandy sites. At its （20）________, a desert bloom can include up to 200 species, showcasing the toughness of life in this unpleasant environment. （三） （2025年普陀区一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accents B. acquire C. boundaries D. fulfill E. guidelines F. liberally G. precisely H. priority I. prospect J. schedule K. suspect Find Your Life's Work Everyone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully ___11___ your potential?Here are some tips. ● Turn Passion into Profit Do not___ 12___ this statement:find something you like and you won't have to work a day. There is no better ___ 13 ___ than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog—as you can see, there are a lot of options. ● Imagine an Ideal World Another way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is ___14 ___to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don't limit yourself to ___15 ___ . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and ___ 16 ___ , and then think about how to translate them into reality. ● Recall Your Best Moments To determine your top ___ 17 ___ , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past?Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main___ 18 ___ are at this stage of life. ● Create a Roadmap You've identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B. Think about what skills you need to ___ 19 ___and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to ___20 ___them and start moving towards your goal. （四） （2025年嘉定一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. access B. ended C. exchanged D. increased E. mirrored F. narrow G. non-judgmentally H. non-productively I. shame J. stranger K. understood For Those in Crisis, a Friend to Text “A 19-year-old woman wrote to me in a text message, saying she was feeling hopeless and beginning to give up on life. . . . ” Aaron, a veteran (老兵) , has himself suffered from the similar stress and depression. He ___11___ the feeling. For the past year, Aaron has been volunteering with the Crisis Text Line (CTL), a free 24-hour service that people in need of a lifeline can ___12___ through the number 741741. The line currently has 1, 500 volunteer Crisis Consultants across the country and has ___13___ more than 19 million texts — 50,000 messages a day. As he had been instructed, Aaron “listened” openly and ___14___ to the young woman. He didn’t offer advice: he didn’t try to help her solve her problems. Mostly, his messages ___15___ back what he’d heard from her, occasionally emphasizing a strength that he’d noticed — like the fact that she’d taken this step to help herself even in the middle of her depression. “A lot of people feel extremely lonely,” he says. “Sometimes it takes a(n) ___16___ , not a close friend, to say, ‘Hey, you’ve been through a lot, but you’ve been helping yourself. If you can do that, you can do more. ’ Many people reply, ‘I’ve never thought about it that way.’” The goal of a crisis line, explains Nancy Lublin, who runs the CTL, is ___17___ . It’s not treatment; it’s meant to bring people from “a moment of hot to a moment of cool, ” so consultants can suggest ways the texter can move to a place of ___18___ safety. Researchers are excited about the text line. “Teens have been reluctant to use crisis services,” observes Anthony Pisani. “The CTL offers a layer of protection from the ___19___ of expressing your weaknesses.” As for the woman with whom Aaron was communicating, the opportunity to share her feelings with a kind stranger appeared to help. “She said she couldn't remember the last time anyone had told her they believed in her,” Aaron recalls. She ___20___ the conversation the way people often do, by texting, “Thanks for listening.” （五） （2025年虹口一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arguably B．fed C．match D．corresponding E．determine F．hint G．implications H．noticeably I．self-fulfilling J．substantial K．tasked People Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their Names A new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names. The researchers sought to ____11____ whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance, or if individuals’ facial appearances change over the years to ____12____ the social stereotypes(刻板印象) connected to their names. In the study, 9 - to 10-year-old children and adults were ____13____ with paring faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their ____14____ names, considerably above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part-of the study, a machine learning system was ____15____ a large database of images of human faces. The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were ____16____ more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names On the other hand, no ____17____ similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) ____18____ prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name. Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways, for example, because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the ____19____ of a religious name. Dr. Yonat Zwebner, Arison School of Business, Reichman University says, “Our findings ______20______ at the broader significance of this surprising effect— the powerful influence of social stereotypes.” （六） （2025年长宁一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adaptable B. broadened C. dramatically D. handful E. inevitably F. likelihood G. maintained H. perception I. properly J. remarkable K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) ____11____ of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not ____12____: one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but ____13____ that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her ____14____ that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team ____15____ the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the ____16____ of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised ____17____ in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell ____18____. Sobel says this may be further proof as to how ____19____ the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour ____20____. Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. （七） （2025年徐汇一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. present B. accomplishment C. plug D. household E. defeated F. significant G. diagnose H. addicts I. amateur J. alerted K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of ____11____ in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n)____12____, a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to ____13____ their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us ____14____ a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer ____15____ who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to ____16____ door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to ____17____ the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed ____18____ weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was ____19____, easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were ____20____ not all of them responded.) （八） （2025年杨浦一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. energy B. choking C. conditional D. sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others’ desires during Christmas to maintain peace. This pressure increases ___11___ when we strive to make everyone happy, a behavior recognized as “people pleasing”, which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent’s love was ___12___ or emotionally inconsistent. People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family. Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily ___13___ people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. “They often make great team players, can read the ___14___ of a room, and are excellent at putting other people at ease,” explains Snape. However, the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships, over-work, and being taken advantage of. And these stresses only get ___15___ over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) ___16___ that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or ___17___. Snape advises you remember that, by setting boundaries, you aren’t being ___18___; you are actually helping the other person understand what you need, which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well ___19___ that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by ___20___ it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. （九） （2025年静安一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unnoticed B. decompose C. estimated D. fulfil E. replacement F. readily G. launch H. ultimate I. minimize J. hazard K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) ____11____ to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and ____12____ ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal ____13____ in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes ____14____,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The ____15____ available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise ____16____ in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) ____17____ for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to ____18____ eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s ____19____ dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) _____20_____ 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. （十） （2025年金山一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．access B．firmly C．grounded D．identity E．insistence F．locally G．luxurious H．place I．reduced J．resistant K．scale Change of heart It was October 2005. The destructive earthquake, killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan a week earlier, had ___11___ the valley to mud and broken stones. Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Lari was once famous for designing towers of glass and concrete. Over the decades, she has been known as the “starchitect” by taking part in many commercial projects, attracted by their creative freedom, large budgets and ___12___ materials. According to her, “it was a very exciting feeling.” Yet she found ways to stay ___13___. “I realized I was just working with rich people,” she says. She could no longer justify fashioning buildings out of unsustainable materials like mirrored glass when millions had limited ___14___ to housing and even water. That’s why she decided to move on. And here, in this disaster-stricken area, she’d be drawing plans to make homes ___15___ to earthquakes, using stone and timber debris (木材碎片). Pakistan’s location and environment ___16___ it within the top ten countries most impacted by climate change even though the country itself emits (散发) less than 1% of global greenhouse gases. Ironically, rebuilding projects funded by governments tend to use concrete and many other expensive, non-local building supplies. In contrast, Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials which can be sourced ___17___, such as bamboo, stand up to disasters better. Lari’s ___18___ on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. She says about 60,000 zero-carbon houses have been built since 2010. Next, she wants to ___19___ up and restore one million households. At age 83, Lari still often recalls of those early days. On one visit, villagers pulled out their best chairs and table. “They had lost everything,” she says, “but they covered this damaged table with a beautiful cloth. And then they served us with theirbest-known specialties: biscuits, tea and eggs.” She says she is still re-engineering her ____20____-from “starchitect” to humanitarian. And doing disaster-relief work feels deeply right. （十一） （2025年奉贤一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. enter B. echo C. physical D. linked E. supposed F. initial G. literally H. diverse I. weather J. alternative K. effectively Skyquake If you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have ___11___ names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as “Seneca guns”; in Belgium they’re called “mistpoeffers”; and the Japanese refer to them as “uminari”, which ___12___ means “cries from the sea”. Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they ___13___ Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could ___14___ across a wide area. However, there is no ___15___ evidence reaching the ground. A(n) ___16___ explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies. Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from ___17___ sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, ___18___ ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is ___19___ to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these ____20____ mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound. Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. （十二） （2025年黄浦区一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clarity B．enriching C．ideally D．recharge E．refreshed F．schedule G．selfish H．socially I．strike J．tolerate K．varying How to Get the Most Out of Alone Time Solitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negative emotional state, solitude can be a positive and ____11____ experience. As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become ____12____ awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t ____13____ being alone while transitioning to a better situation. Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain ____14____ on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to ____15____ and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life. It’s essential to ____16____ a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have ____17____ needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better ____18____ daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back ____19____. Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as _____20_____ or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. （十三） （2025年松江一模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. admission B. broad C. comfortably D. decoded E. forerunner F. hardly G. replaced H. risky I. spread J. subjects K. switches More Than a Popularizer Certain creative works possess such an endless ability to bounce that they become fixed in the culture. One such book is Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point. Published more than two decades ago, it dug into a (n) ___11___ range of topics, from crime rates in New York to shoe sales, all from the perspectives of epidemiology (流行病学). “Ideas and products and messages and behaviors ___12___ just like viruses do,” he wrote. Gladwell presented his readers with a series of stories, mysteries and puzzles, and then ___13___ them, revealing his workings in a cheerful and confident narrative (描述性的) voice. Listen to me, he seemed to whisper to his readers, and I will show you the hidden workings of society, and how you, as an individual, can influence or “tip” the trends that shape it. Almost 25 years and six books later, he wrote a follow-up, Revenge of the Tipping Point, which is like its ___14___ in its self-confidence, attractiveness and clarity. However, the new book bears the mark of an author living in a country very different to the United States 25 years ago. The case studies about shoes in The Tipping Point are ___15___ by stories that touch on the anxieties of modern America. Many of his ___16___ are familiar and yet he empowers them with a new energy. In chapter five, he further explorers the question of diversity in offers from the Ivy League, ___17___ an underreported issue, and yet he somehow thinks from a totally different angle. Instead of examining the means by which first-class institutions keep minorities out, he reveals the ways in which Harvard, through its ___18___ policy for athletes, only invites rich and white applicants in. Gladwell combines viewpoints about epidemiology with the detail of a court copy or direct quotation, and ___19___ between different worlds, drawing comparisons and contrasts — that’s where part of his charm lies. It is an exciting technique, but it comes with ____20____ elements — his topics, so highly charged at an individual level, sometimes lack sympathy. （十四） （2025年青浦一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. currently B. elsewhere C. conducting D. instantly E. curved F. total G. civilians H. waves I. crewed J. set K. previous Record Number of People in Space It’s “rush hour” in Earth orbit at the moment. We’ve reached a record number of humans in space, NASA announces. Crew onboard the Russian Soyuz capsule, a flight to the International Space Station (ISS) that took place on Sept. 11, became record-breaking space residents this week, as the number (11) ______ up to the now 19 humans living and working in space. A US astronaut and two Russian astronauts have joined nine others (12) ______ onboard the ISS, and the two astronauts enjoying an extended stay, Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams. There are three “taikonauts” (13) ______ in orbit — Ye Guangfu, Li Cong, and Li Guangsu — onboard the Chinese Tiangong Space Station. There are also four (14) ______ in orbit — Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, and Anna Menon — who are taking part in SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission, and just carried out the first-ever private space walk at their own expense. With the amount of 19 humans, it beats the (15) ______ record for the most amount of humans in Earth’s orbit at one time. That record was (16) ______ last year in May 2023 when 17 people were in orbit, including astronaut Frank Rubio who was also on an unplanned extended stay. Bear in mind that the episode of the present time is not the record for the largest number of people in space. Using the US definition of space at 80 kilometers (50 miles), that record was broken in May 2023 when a(n) (17) ______ of 20 people were in space. This involved people on the ISS and the Tiangong space station, plus two private sub-orbital space ventures by Virgin and Axiom Space. Sub-orbital flights do not orbit the Earth. Instead, they follow a(n) (18) ______ trajectory (轨迹) that reaches the edge of space and then fall back to Earth. But back to September 2024, the present Polaris Dawn mission is particularly novel and exciting. Traveling in a Crew Dragon spacecraft is the furthest distance from Earth that a(n) (19) ______ vehicle has flown since the era of the Apollo program in the 1960s and early 1970s. Gillis and Menon also earn the record for the furthest a woman has ever flown from Earth. On September 12, the Polaris Dawn mission made even more history by (20) ______ the first spacewalk ever attempted by private citizens using SpaceX’s newly designed spacesuits. （十五） （2025年崇明一模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appealing B. attainable C. basically D. dramatically E. freedom F. kicks G. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawal FIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire Early Many Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone. “Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 11 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 12 so investors can choose how to spend their time. “The concept of the movement is 13 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California. A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security. People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 14 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts. Retiring early might sound 15 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 16 in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 17 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 18 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford. “FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “You may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 19 strategy should stay the same.” If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 20 . （十六） （2025年宝山一模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. available B. informed C. movement D. generate E. tourism F. digitally G. prevent H. marketing I. comfort J. vividly K. inaccessible Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don't have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced (拥抱) 11 with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the 12 of your living room. You might argue that you don't have a VRheadset (头戴装置), but no matter. Two travel styles are 13 : monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to change the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head 14 , so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to "travel," these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can't, you can virtually preview a place and make more 15 decisions about it. You're able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination 16 organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can dazzle (使赞叹) their audience and 17 interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By 18 documenting, storing and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly 19 historical sites and cultural landmarks. People with accessibility challenges, such as those with physical disabilities or health concerns that 20 their travel, will enjoy the inclusive approach VR provides. Literally anyone can now experience an adventure, virtually! Whether you're unable to travel, don't have enough money or prefer to be an armchair traveler, you can still explore the world. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$