第03讲 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. Section A（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【寒假自学课】2025年八年级英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版）

第03讲 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. Section A 模块一 单词预习 模块二 课文预习 模块三 考点精讲精练 模块四 语法精讲精练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1．预习Section A新单词 2．预习Section A新课文 3．掌握Section A核心考点 4．掌握语法动词短语和动词不定式 clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 cheer [tʃɪə/, /tʃɪr] v. 欢呼; 喝彩 cheer up （使）变得更高兴; 振奋起来 give out 分发; 散发 volunteer [vɒlən'tɪə/ ,/vɑ:lən'tɪr/] v. 义务做; 自愿做 n. 志愿者 come up with 想出; 提出（主意、计划、回答等） put off 推迟 sign [saɪn/] n. 标志; 信号 notice ['nəʊtɪs/] n. 通知; 通告; 注意 v. 注意到; 意识到 hand out 分发 call up 打电话给（某人）; 征召 used to 曾经......; 过去...... lonely ['ləʊnli/] adj. 孤独的; 寂寞的 care for 照顾; 非常喜欢 several ['sevrəl/] pron. 几个; 数个; 一些 strong [strɒŋ/ ,/strɔ:ŋ/] adj. 强烈的; 强壮的 feeling ['fi:lɪŋ] n. 感觉; 感触 satisfaction [sætɪs'fækʃn/] n. 满足; 满意 joy [dʒɔɪ/] n. 高兴; 愉快 owner ['əʊnə(r)/] n. 物主; 主人 try out 参加......选拔; 试用 journey ['dʒɜ:(r)ni/] n.（尤指长途）旅行; 行程 raise [reɪz/] v. 募集; 征集 alone [ə'ləʊn/] adv. 独自; 单独 Section A --- 2d Helen: Hi, Tom. I'm making(现在进行时) some plans to work in an old people's home this summer. Tom: Really? I did that last summer! Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with（帮忙做……）? Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories （讲故事）about the past and how things used to be. Helen: That sounds（表示”听起来“，后接形容词） interesting. Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely（孤独的）区分alone表示”单独的“. We should listen to them and care for them. Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too. Section A --- 3a Students Who Volunteer Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor（动物医生，也可用vet）. He volunteers/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ （v. 自愿） at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. “It's hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction(满足感) when I see the animals get better and the look(n.) of joy on their owners’ faces.” Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself(”自己阅读“，反身代词oneself可以起到强调的作用) at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. Volunteering（动名词做主语，”志愿者活动“） here is a dream come true for me. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.” 考点1 .could的用法 用法分析 could是情态动词can的过去式。在此句中could并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。一般疑问句的肯定答语用Sure./Certainly./All right.等；否定答语用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t.等。 你可以尝试自己做早饭。You could try cooking breakfast yourself. 考点拓展 could的其他用法： （1）表示要求或请求。 Could you please tell me how to get there？你能告诉我如何到那儿吗？ （2）表示能力，此时是can的过去式。 He could speak English when he was four.他四岁时就可以说英语。 —It’s too hot. ___D___ I swim in the lake？ —No, you ______. That’s too dangerous！ A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t 考点2. clean up的用法 用法分析 clean up意为“打扫干净”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语。名词做其宾语时，可放在副词前，也可放在副词后；代词做其宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间。 教室很脏。请打扫一下。The classroom is dirty. Please clean it up. 注意 如果在clean和up中间加上连词符，它就是名词，表示“扫除”。 你必须对房间进行彻底打扫。You must give your room a good clean-up. 根据所给提示完成句子 By the time I joined Greener Group, they ___had volunteered to clean（up）the library/libraries___（义务打扫图书馆）for 2 years.（volunteer） 考点3. cheer up的用法 用法分析 cheer up意为"（使）变得高兴；振奋起来"，属于“动词+副词”结构，接代词it/them时要放在cheer up中间；接名词时放后面、中间都可以。 这个好消息使我们高兴了起来。The good news cheered us up. 【知识拓展】 （1）cheer作不及物动词，意为＂欢呼；喝彩＂。 The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们为之欢呼。 （2）cheer作及物动词，意为＂为……欢呼，高呼＂。 The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。 （3）cheer作可数名词，意为＂欢呼声；喝彩声＂。常用口语：Cheers! 干杯！ We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。 1.—Little Jenny looks unhappy today. —Don’t worry. A box of chocolates will ___C___ her ______. A give; up B. wake; up C. cheer; up D. pick; up 2.Let’s ______B_______ Xiaodong. He is very sad because of his lost pet cat. A. set up B. cheer up C. put up 考点4.give out的用法 用法分析 give out意为“分发；发放；发布”，相当于hand out，属于“动词+副词”结构，故接代词it/them时要放在give out中间；接名词时放后面、中间都可以。 请在课前发考试卷。Please give out the exam papers before class. 这些故事书很有趣。请把它们分给孩子们。These story-books are interesting. Please give them out to the children. 考点拓展 （1）give out还可意为＂用完；耗尽＂，为不及物动词短语，主语是被用光、耗尽之物。 Our food will give out. 我们的食物要吃完了。 （2）give out意为＂发出（光、热等）＂时，与give off同义。 The flowers in my garden give out/off a sweet smell. 我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。 （3）give out意为＂筋疲力尽＂。 The horse gave out. 马跑不动了。 I will give a T-shirt ___B___ my brother as a birthday present. A. by B. to C. from 考点5.notice的用法 用法分析 notice为可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”。 墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall. 考点拓展 notice做动词，意为“注意到；察觉到”。 常用结构如下： （1）notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已经完成。 I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。 （2）notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。 （3）be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）。 She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。 （4）notice sth. done注意到某事被做。 I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。 考点6. come up with的用法 用法分析 come up with（针对问题、方法等）提出或想出（主意等），相当于think up。 我想出了一个计划，我认为能行得通。I have come up with a plan and I think it will work. 这个聪明的男孩通常能提出一些好主意。The clever boy usually comes up with some good ideas. 考点拓展 与come 相关的短语： come from来自 come up to达到 come out出来，出版 come on加油 The government of China ___A___ the idea of A Belt and A Road in 2013. A. came up with B. cheered up C. put up 考点6.help out的用法 用法分析 help out意为“帮助解决困难”，是动副短语，out为副词，代词做宾语时要放在out之前。 我生病时他分担了我的工作。He helped me out when I was ill. 根据所给提示完成句子 —Is there anyone you admire in your life？ —Well, I ___look up to the policeman/policewoman who（has）helped me out of trouble/get out of trouble___（崇敬那位帮我摆脱困境的警察）.（look） 考点7. lonely的用法 用法分析 lonely为形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”。 她常感到寂寞。She often feels lonely. 【易混辨析】lonely与alone lonely 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的 形容词（adj.） 定语或表语 alone 独自；单独 形容词（adj.） 或副词（adv.） 作形容词时，只能作表语 The old man lives in a lonely town. He has no children and he is alone. He lives alone, but doesn’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他没有孩子，是个单身汉。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。 1.It is very relaxing to listen to light music by oneself.（同义替换）___C___ A. together B. lonely C. alone D. again 2,When you feel helpless and _____________, just remember you are not _____________ in the world because your friends are around you. A. alone；alone B. alone；lonely C. lonely；alone 【答案】C 考点8.care for的用法 用法分析 care for表示“照顾，照料”，相当于take care of或look after. The children are well cared for in the kindergarten. = The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园得到了很好的照顾。 【知识拓展】 （1）care for还可意为＂喜欢＂，多用于疑问句和否定句，其同义短语为be fond of。 They do not much care for art. 他们对艺术不是很喜欢。 （2）care for可意为＂照料；照顾＂，与take care of同义。 The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。 —Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus. —That’s good. The old should be ___D___. A. looked for B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for 考点9. several 的用法 用法分析（1）several做形容词，意为“几个的；数个的”，用来修饰可数名词复数，做定语。 这儿有几则新闻。Here are several pieces of news. （2）several做代词，意为“几个，数个，—些”，常用作主语或宾语。 他们中的几个人昨天去海滩了。Several of them went to the beach yesterday. 考点拓展（1）修饰可数名词复数的词（组）：several, many, few, a few, a numberof等。 （2）修饰不可数名词的词（组）：much, litle, a little等。 （3）既可以修饰可数名词的复数又可以修饰不可数名词的词（组）：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。 My sister can speak ___A___ languages. She can speak English, Spanish and Japanese. A. several B. few C. all 考点10. feeling的用法 用法分析 feeling为可数名词，意为“感觉，感触”，其动词形式为feel，表示人的愤怒、悲伤、快乐、饥饿等感觉时为可数名词。 考点拓展 feel做系动词时，后接形容词做表语；做实义动词时，是感官动词，其后可接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，即：feel sb. /sth.do sth.（感觉某人/某物做某事），feel sb. /sth.doing sth.感觉某人/某物正在做某事。 I feel relaxed after the test.考试后我觉得很放松。 People felt the houses shake in Wenchuan.汶川的人感到房子在摇晃。 I can feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹到我的脸上。 固定搭配（1）feel like意为“想要（做某事）”，其后接名词或动名词，不能接不定式。 He didn’t feel like going to school.他不想去上学。 （2）feel like的另一个意思是“摸起来好像”。 It feels like silk.它摸起来像丝绸。 考点11.owner的用法 用法分析 owner为可数名词，意为“物主；主人”，the owner of意为“…...的主人”。 Who is the owner of the dog？谁是这只狗的主人？ 注意 own v.拥有；adj，自己的。 考点12. hope的用法 用法分析hope意为＂希望；期望＂；后常接动词不定式；构成短语＂hope to do sth＂意为＂希望做某事＂。 I hope to see my pen pal, Lucy. 我希望见到我的笔友露西。 【易混辨析】 hope与wish＂希望＂不同 hope hope to do sth ＂希望做某事＂ hope + (that)从句＂希望……＂，常表示可以实现的愿望 wish wish sb sth＂希望某人……＂，表示祝愿 wish to do sth＂希望做某事＂ wish sb to do sth＂希望某人做某事＂ wish +（that）从句＂希望……＂，常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望 　　hope和wish都可作名词，但hope意为＂希望＂；wish意为＂愿望；心愿；祝愿＂。学&科网 【误区警示】 hope后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hope to do sth，但不可以表达为hope sb to do sth。 The volunteers hope _____________ something for the poor children in the Western areas. A. to do B. doing C. did D. do 【答案】A 考点13. journey 的用法 用法分析 journey为名词，意为“（尤指长途）旅行；行程”。 考点辨析 tour, trip, journey, travet （1）tour指到各地观光、考察，中途有停留点，绕行后再回到原出发点的旅行，也用来指观光与商业旅行等。 He made a three-day tour to Hong Kong.他去香港进行了一次三日游。 （2）trip多指使用任何交通工具的一去一回的短途旅行或指旅行和访问的总的情况，可意为“远足”。 He is going on a trip.他要外出旅行。 I took several trips to Qingdao.我去过青岛几次。 （3）journey一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行，常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长，而且有最终不一定又回到原出发地的含义，常蕴涵辛苦的意味。 He decided to make his journey to Ottawa.他决定到渥太华旅游。 （4）travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，泛指一切陆上、水上或空中的旅行，尤指到国外的旅行，它无定向的目的地，有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式。 Did you enjoy your travels in China？你的中国之行愉快吗？ 考点14. come true的用法 用法分析 come true意为“实现”，其中的come是系动词，true是表语。 Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。 —If you try hard, your dream will ___A___. —Yes, I ______ . A. come true; will B. be truly; will C. come true; do D. be true; do 考点15.put off的用法 用法分析 put off意为“推迟；拖延”，可与名词、代词、宾语从句或动名词连用，但不能接不定式。off为副词，接代词时放在put与off之间。 Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.今日事，今日毕。 【知识拓展】 常见put构成的短语 1.—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow？ —I’m afraid not. You can’t ___A___ today’s work till tomorrow. A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up 2.因为大雨他们不得不推迟举行运动会。 They had to _____________ _____________ _____________ the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 3.咱们把这幅画贴在墙上吧。 Let’s _____________ _____________ the picture on the wall. 2.put off having 3.put up　 考点16.call up的用法 用法分析 call up意为“给……打电话”，后面接指人的词汇，该短语是由“动词+副词”构成，如果它的宾语是代词，代词要放在副词之前。 请马上给他打电话。Please call him up at once, please. 注意 表示“给......打电话”的常见说法有：give sb. a call, ring sb. up, give sb. a ring, telephone/phone sb. up, telephone/phone（to）sb.等。 On my way home, I saw a granny fall down. I offered help first and then ___A___ the police. A. called up B. cared for C. cheered up D. found out 考点17. raise的用法 用法分析 raise做及物动词，意为“募集；征集”，其过去式和过去分词均为raised。常用短语：raise money for…意为“为……筹款”。 They want to raise money for homeless people.他们想为无家可归的人筹钱。 考点拓展 raise的其他含义： （1）举起；提升。 Raise your hand to get permission to speak.举手争取发言权。 （2）培养；抚养。 The poor parents raised her as an engineer.贫穷的父母把她培养成一位工程师。 —How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital？ —We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs.（同义替换） A. collect B. put up C. spend 一．动词短语 一、基本用法 1.动词短语的定义 在英语中，动词短语是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语，表达一种特定的含义，其作用和动词差不多。有些动词短语相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。 2.动词短语的构成 一般情况下，动词短语在结构上主要有：动词+介词；动词+副词；动词+副词+介词；动词+名词+介词。 （1）类型1：动词+介词 “动词+介词"构成的短语相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后，这类介词有at, for, after, from, into, of, on, to, with, about等。 look after照顾，照看 look for寻找 look at看 wait for等待 take after与……相像 care for 喜欢agree with同意 think about考虑 come from来自 send for 派人去请 depend on依靠 think of想起 hear from 收到……的来信 ask for请求，要求 break into破门而入 come across偶然碰到 laugh at嘲笑 stand for代表 look into调查 （2）类型2：动词+副词 “动词+副词"构成的短语既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。名词做宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后。代词做宾语时只能位于动词与副词之间，常见的副词有：out, up, on, back, away, over, off等 cheer up振奋起来 clean up打扫干净 give up放弃 fixup修理 put up张贴；举起；搭建 put off推迟 take away拿走 turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn up开大；调高 turn down调低；关小；拒绝 turn out结果是 turn over翻转 bring up提出；抚养 get up起床；站起 make up编造 stay up熬夜 show up 出席；露面 pick up捡起；接电话 look up查找；向上看 take up学着做；开始做；占据 get out出去 find out发现give out= hand out分发 look out注意；小心 put out扑灭 get on上车；进展 try on试穿keep on继续（进行） hold on等一等（别挂电话） put on穿上；上演；增加（体重） put away把……收好 put down写下，记下 put out熄灭 put back放回原处 eat up吃光 （3）类型3：动词+副词+介词 “动词+副词+介词"构成的短语，是动副短语和动介短语的合体，相当于及物动词，宾语放在介词的后面。 come up with想出 catch up with赶上 look forward to期待，期望 run out of耗尽，用尽get away from脱身 get along with相处 go on with继续 keep away from远离 （4）类型4：动词+名词+介词 “动词+名词+介词”构成的短语只能用作及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。 Make fun of取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 make friends with与……朋友 have a look at看一看 make sense of理解，弄懂 take part in参加 二、特殊用法 1.在“动词+副词”构成的动词短语中，副词可以和后面做宾语的名词进行位置上的互换，但如果宾语是代词，该宾语通常放在动词和副词之间。 I did want a holiday abroad, but I’ve given up the idea.我确实想出国度假，但我已放弃了这个想法。 2.在“动词+介词”和“动词+副词+介词”型的动词短语中，不论是名词还是代词做宾语都必须放在介词的后面。 I agree with what you said.我同意你说的。 He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.他努力学习希望能赶上同班同学。 二．动词不定式 一、基本用法 1.动词不定式的形式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，使用时有时可以不带to，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语，to本身无意义，动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。 2.动词不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式前面加not，即“not+动词不定式”。 3.动词不定式的用法 动词不定式（短语）具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。 （1）动词不定式（短语）做主语 动词不定式（短语）在句中做主语时，一般位于句首，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数，有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。 To learn foreign languages is very useful.学外语很有用。 I think it’s necessary for us to read a lot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。 （2）动词不定式（短语）做表语 动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，常用于be动词的后面。 My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。 （3）动词不定式（短语）做宾语 动词不定式（短语）做宾语有两种情况：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另—种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。” I hope to see you tomorrow.我希望明天见到你。 注意 其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有： 想要，拒绝，忘记（want, refuse, forget） 需要，努力，学习（need, try, learn） 选择，同意，帮助（choose, agree, help） 希望，决定，开始（hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start） （4）动词不定式（短语）做宾语补足语 常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, teach, allow, promise, order, advise, expect, wish, invite, encourage, make, warn, help等。 They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。 （5）动词不定式（短语）做定语 动词不定式（短语）做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，置于被修饰词之后，即做后置定语。 —Would you like something to eat？你想要些吃的吗？ —Yes, please.好的。 注意 动词不定式（短语）做定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。 The old man has no house to live in.这位老人没有房子住。 （6）动词不定式（短语）做状语 动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。 ①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。 To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。 ②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。 The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。 ③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。 I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。 二、特殊用法 1.不定式（短语）做主语时，常用it代替它做形式主语，而将不定式放到后面，有三种情况： （1）It is+名词+to do sth. It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。 （2）It takes/took sb.+some time+ to do sth. How long did it take you to finish your homework？你花了多长时间完成作业？ （3）It is+形容词（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/of sb.）+to do sth. It is clever of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。 2. feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it做形式主语，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。 3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。 （1）在使役动词have, make, let之后。 His mother makes him sweep the floor.他妈妈让他扫地。 （2）在感官动词（短语）feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at之后。 Did you notice her leave the room？她离开房间时你注意到了吗？ （3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可带上to。 He often helps me（to）learn maths.他经常帮助我学数学。 （4）在一些固定搭配中，如“had better do sth.”，“Why not do sth.？”，“would rather do sth. than do sth.”等。 【巩固练习】 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The teacher often tells us not _____________ (not surf) the Internet. 2. Come on! I have something important to _____________ (tell) you. 3. I haven’t decided when to _____________ (take) a holiday yet. 4. To _____________ (be) healthy, we should eat more vegetables and fruits. 5. My job is to _____________ (study) hard. 6. That is the only way we can imagine _____________ (reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom. 7. Last year, she decided _____________ (try) out for a volunteer after­school reading program. 8. Would you like _____________ (go) and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 9. She hopes _____________ (be) a volunteer during this summer vacation. 10. Please promise _____________ (not tell) lies any more, will you? 1. to surf 2. tell 3. take 4. be 5. study 6. to reduce 7. to try 8. to go 9. to be 10. not to tell 二. 同义句转换，每空一词 1. The boy takes after his mother. The boy ____________ ____________ ____________ his mother. 2. Can you come up with a good way to learn English well? Can you ____________ ____________ a good way to learn English well? 3. We can repair your watch at once. We can ____________ ____________ your watch at once. 4. We want to make the girl happy. We want to ____________ ____________ the girl. 5. Can you give out the exercise-books for me? Can you ____________ ____________ the exercise-books for me? 1. is similar to 2. think up 3. fix up 4. cheer up 5. hand out 三. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1. 最后，她终于想出了一个好主意。 She ____________ ____________ ____________ a good idea at last. 2. 她愿意帮助我摆脱困境。 She would like to ____________ ____________ ____________. 3. 我期待着我的笔友能尽快来信。 I’m ____________ ____________ ____________ hearing from my pen pal as soon as possible. 4. 会后他们不得不打扫房间。 They had to ____________ ____________ the room after the meeting. 5. 我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？ I’ve ____________ ____________ ____________ my money. Can you lend me some? 1. came up with 2. help me out 3. looking forward to 4. clean up 5. run out of 四. 用单词或短语的适当形式完成短文 Tom 1.___________ (volunteer) in an old people’s home last summer. He did some things 2.___________ (help) the old people. For example, he helped 3.___________ (clean up) their houses. He also fixed up the 4.___________ (break) chairs and 5.___________ (read) the newspaper to the old people. They told him stories about the past and how things 6.___________ (use to) be. Helen is making some plans 7.___________ (raise) some money for the old people’s home. She thinks it’s 8.___________ (interest) to help the old people. Today, a lot of old people are very 9.___________ (lonely). We should listen to them and care for them, because we’re all going to be old one day, too. 1. volunteered 2. to help 3. clean/to clean up 4. broken 5. read 6. used to 7. to raise 8. interesting 9. lonely 一.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出所缺的单词 1.The train j　　　 from Hangzhou to Shanghai takes about 40 minutes.  2.Liu Mei often works as a volunteer to　　　　up the sick people in the hospital.(使振作起来) 3.I kept thinking about the accident and woke up s　　　 times during the night.   4.Dogs are ready to help and save their 　　　(主人).   5.He has few friends to talk with, so he often feels l　　　 and helpless. 6.The government recruited(招募)thousands of college students as v　　　 for the Hangzhou Asian Games. 7.You should pay more attention to traffic s　　　 along the road while driving.  8.When I help others, I always get such a strong feeling of s　　　.  9.The elephant is so s　　　 that it can carry very heavy things.  10.They plan to r　　　 money to help the homeless people in the city.  1.journey　2.cheer　3.several　4.owners　5.lonely 6.volunteers　7.signs　8.satisfaction　9.strong　10.raise 二.单项选择 11.Mr. Wang asked me to　　　the papers as quickly as possible. A.give in　　　B.give out　　　C.give up　　　D.give off 12.My grandfather used to 　　　 TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to 　　　 out for a walk.  A.watch;go　　　B.watch;going C.watching;go 13.I don’t have any close friends here. I feel 　　　 from time to time. A.alone　　　B.happy　　　C.lonely　　　D.proud 14.—What are you going to do this weekend? —I am going to visit the sick kids in the hospital and　　　 them 　　　 as a volunteer.  A.wake;up　　　B.cheer;up C.give;up　　　D.pick;up 15.We have to 　　　 the sports meeting because of the bad weather.  A.turn off　B.put off　C.take off　D.get off 11.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:王老师让我尽快把试卷发了。根据“the papers”可知,这里指分发试卷。故选B。 12.B　考查易混短语辨析。句意:我爷爷过去常在晚饭后在家看电视,但现在他习惯了出去散步。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,used to后需要接动词原形,而be used to doing sth.则表示“习惯做某事”,be used to后需要接名词或动名词。故选B。 13.C　句意:在这儿我没有亲密的朋友,我时不时地感到孤单。根据“I don’t have any close friends here.”可知,我感到孤独,这里有一定的感情色彩,故选C。 14.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:——这周末你打算做什么?——我打算当志愿者去医院探望生病的孩子,并让他们高兴。根据语境可知,cheer...up符合语境,意思是“(使)变得更高兴,使……振奋”,故选B。 15.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:由于天气不好,我们不得不推迟运动会。turn off关闭;put off推迟;take off脱下;get off下车。根据“because of the bad weather”可知,因为天气不好,所以要推迟运动会。故选B。 三.根据汉语意思完成句子 16.玛丽在感到孤独时习惯听音乐。 Mary likes to listening to music when she 　　　　　　.  17.请帮我把这些练习册发下去。 Please help me 　　　　　these exercise books.  18.去年,她决定参加一个课后志愿者阅读项目的选拔。 Last year, she decided to 　　　　　 for a volunteer after-school reading program.  19.昨天我想出了一个庆祝爸爸生日的好办法。 Yesterday, I 　　　　　a good idea to celebrate my father’s birthday.  20.我们应该照顾老人。 We should　　　 　　　the old people.  16.feels lonely　17.hand out　18.try out　19.came up with　20.care for 四.按要求完成句子,每空一词 21.Please tell me where we can put our mobile phones.(改为同义句) Please tell me　　　 　　　 put our mobile phones.  22.She thought of great ideas to raise money in the end. (改为同义句) She thought of great ideas to raise money　　　 　　　.  23.The boy spent half an hour finishing his homework yesterday. (改为同义句) It 　　　 the boy half an hour 　　　 finish his homework yesterday.  24.This sign says “No Parking”.(对画线部分提问)   　　　 does this sign 　　　?  25.I help to take care of my grandmother on Sundays. (改为同义句)  I help to 　　　 　　　my grandmother on Sundays. 21.where to　22.at last　23.took;to　24.What;say25.care for 五.语法填空 　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 　　You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community service. You can develop good habits now. Community service is a great way to make　26　 difference in your neighborhood. You can also enjoy　27　(spend)time with friends and meeting new people. Here are some ideas for you to start 　28　(quick).   Do you play an instrument or love to draw? Offer to give free concerts at a senior center or spread your love of art by giving 　29　(lesson)to younger children. You can never imagine 　30　 happy you will be after that.  Do you live near a public park? You can volunteer　31　 (plant)or clean up the park. You’ll bring pleasure 　32　 everyone who uses the park.   Do you know any sick or disabled people in your neighborhood? Offer to do yard work for　33　(they). Sweep the floor and 　34　(do) the dishes. Or just stop by for a friendly visit with some food.   Does your school encourage a buddy(伙伴)system? You can set up buddy systems which connect older children with　35　(young)ones. Buddies often spend time together reading books. Helping a young person grow into a smart reader is a gift that keeps on giving. [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了如何快速开始社区服务。 26.a　make a difference“有影响”,是固定搭配。故填a。 27.spending　句意:你还可以享受与朋友共度时光和结识新朋友的乐趣。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填spending。 28.quickly　修饰动词start用副词quickly“快速地”。 29.lessons　此处表泛指,用名词复数lessons“课”。 30.how　根据“happy you will be”可知,此处表示“多么开心”,用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 31.to plant　考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。volunteer to do sth.“自愿做某事”。故填to plant。 32.to/for　句意:你会给每个使用公园的人带来快乐。bring sth. to/for sb.“给某人带来某物”。故填to/for。 33.them　句意:主动提出为他们做庭院工作。此处作介词for的宾语,用代词宾格them。 34.do　句意:扫地洗碗。此处动词和Sweep并列,故此处用动词原形。故填do。 35.younger　根据“older children with...ones”可知,将较大的孩子和较小的孩子联系起来,用比较级younger。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第03讲 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. Section A 模块一 单词预习 模块二 课文预习 模块三 考点精讲精练 模块四 语法精讲精练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 1．预习Section A新单词 2．预习Section A新课文 3．掌握Section A核心考点 4．掌握语法动词短语和动词不定式 clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 cheer [tʃɪə/, /tʃɪr] v. 欢呼; 喝彩 cheer up （使）变得更高兴; 振奋起来 give out 分发; 散发 volunteer [vɒlən'tɪə/ ,/vɑ:lən'tɪr/] v. 义务做; 自愿做 n. 志愿者 come up with 想出; 提出（主意、计划、回答等） put off 推迟 sign [saɪn/] n. 标志; 信号 notice ['nəʊtɪs/] n. 通知; 通告; 注意 v. 注意到; 意识到 hand out 分发 call up 打电话给（某人）; 征召 used to 曾经......; 过去...... lonely ['ləʊnli/] adj. 孤独的; 寂寞的 care for 照顾; 非常喜欢 several ['sevrəl/] pron. 几个; 数个; 一些 strong [strɒŋ/ ,/strɔ:ŋ/] adj. 强烈的; 强壮的 feeling ['fi:lɪŋ] n. 感觉; 感触 satisfaction [sætɪs'fækʃn/] n. 满足; 满意 joy [dʒɔɪ/] n. 高兴; 愉快 owner ['əʊnə(r)/] n. 物主; 主人 try out 参加......选拔; 试用 journey ['dʒɜ:(r)ni/] n.（尤指长途）旅行; 行程 raise [reɪz/] v. 募集; 征集 alone [ə'ləʊn/] adv. 独自; 单独 Section A --- 2d Helen: Hi, Tom. I'm making(现在进行时) some plans to work in an old people's home this summer. Tom: Really? I did that last summer! Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with（帮忙做……）? Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories （讲故事）about the past and how things used to be. Helen: That sounds（表示”听起来“，后接形容词） interesting. Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely（孤独的）区分alone表示”单独的“. We should listen to them and care for them. Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too. Section A --- 3a Students Who Volunteer Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor（动物医生，也可用vet）. He volunteers/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ （v. 自愿） at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. “It's hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction(满足感) when I see the animals get better and the look(n.) of joy on their owners’ faces.” Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself(”自己阅读“，反身代词oneself可以起到强调的作用) at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. Volunteering（动名词做主语，”志愿者活动“） here is a dream come true for me. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.” 考点1 .could的用法 用法分析 could是情态动词can的过去式。在此句中could并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。一般疑问句的肯定答语用Sure./Certainly./All right.等；否定答语用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t.等。 你可以尝试自己做早饭。You could try cooking breakfast yourself. 考点拓展 could的其他用法： （1）表示要求或请求。 Could you please tell me how to get there？你能告诉我如何到那儿吗？ （2）表示能力，此时是can的过去式。 He could speak English when he was four.他四岁时就可以说英语。 —It’s too hot. I swim in the lake？ —No, you ______. That’s too dangerous！ A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t 考点2. clean up的用法 用法分析 clean up意为“打扫干净”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语。名词做其宾语时，可放在副词前，也可放在副词后；代词做其宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间。 教室很脏。请打扫一下。The classroom is dirty. Please clean it up. 注意 如果在clean和up中间加上连词符，它就是名词，表示“扫除”。 你必须对房间进行彻底打扫。You must give your room a good clean-up. 根据所给提示完成句子 By the time I joined Greener Group, they （义务打扫图书馆）for 2 years.（volunteer） 考点3. cheer up的用法 用法分析 cheer up意为"（使）变得高兴；振奋起来"，属于“动词+副词”结构，接代词it/them时要放在cheer up中间；接名词时放后面、中间都可以。 这个好消息使我们高兴了起来。The good news cheered us up. 【知识拓展】 （1）cheer作不及物动词，意为＂欢呼；喝彩＂。 The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们为之欢呼。 （2）cheer作及物动词，意为＂为……欢呼，高呼＂。 The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。 （3）cheer作可数名词，意为＂欢呼声；喝彩声＂。常用口语：Cheers! 干杯！ We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。 1.—Little Jenny looks unhappy today. —Don’t worry. A box of chocolates will her ______. A give; up B. wake; up C. cheer; up D. pick; up 2.Let’s Xiaodong. He is very sad because of his lost pet cat. A. set up B. cheer up C. put up 考点4.give out的用法 用法分析 give out意为“分发；发放；发布”，相当于hand out，属于“动词+副词”结构，故接代词it/them时要放在give out中间；接名词时放后面、中间都可以。 请在课前发考试卷。Please give out the exam papers before class. 这些故事书很有趣。请把它们分给孩子们。These story-books are interesting. Please give them out to the children. 考点拓展 （1）give out还可意为＂用完；耗尽＂，为不及物动词短语，主语是被用光、耗尽之物。 Our food will give out. 我们的食物要吃完了。 （2）give out意为＂发出（光、热等）＂时，与give off同义。 The flowers in my garden give out/off a sweet smell. 我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。 （3）give out意为＂筋疲力尽＂。 The horse gave out. 马跑不动了。 I will give a T-shirt my brother as a birthday present. A. by B. to C. from 考点5.notice的用法 用法分析 notice为可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”。 墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall. 考点拓展 notice做动词，意为“注意到；察觉到”。 常用结构如下： （1）notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已经完成。 I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。 （2）notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。 （3）be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）。 She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。 （4）notice sth. done注意到某事被做。 I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。 考点6. come up with的用法 用法分析 come up with（针对问题、方法等）提出或想出（主意等），相当于think up。 我想出了一个计划，我认为能行得通。I have come up with a plan and I think it will work. 这个聪明的男孩通常能提出一些好主意。The clever boy usually comes up with some good ideas. 考点拓展 与come 相关的短语： come from来自 come up to达到 come out出来，出版 come on加油 The government of China the idea of A Belt and A Road in 2013. A. came up with B. cheered up C. put up 考点6.help out的用法 用法分析 help out意为“帮助解决困难”，是动副短语，out为副词，代词做宾语时要放在out之前。 我生病时他分担了我的工作。He helped me out when I was ill. 根据所给提示完成句子 —Is there anyone you admire in your life？ —Well, I （崇敬那位帮我摆脱困境的警察）.（look） 考点7. lonely的用法 用法分析 lonely为形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”。 她常感到寂寞。She often feels lonely. 【易混辨析】lonely与alone lonely 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的 形容词（adj.） 定语或表语 alone 独自；单独 形容词（adj.） 或副词（adv.） 作形容词时，只能作表语 The old man lives in a lonely town. He has no children and he is alone. He lives alone, but doesn’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他没有孩子，是个单身汉。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。 1.It is very relaxing to listen to light music by oneself.（同义替换） A. together B. lonely C. alone D. again 2,When you feel helpless and _____________, just remember you are not _____________ in the world because your friends are around you. A. alone；alone B. alone；lonely C. lonely；alone 考点8.care for的用法 用法分析 care for表示“照顾，照料”，相当于take care of或look after. The children are well cared for in the kindergarten. = The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园得到了很好的照顾。 【知识拓展】 （1）care for还可意为＂喜欢＂，多用于疑问句和否定句，其同义短语为be fond of。 They do not much care for art. 他们对艺术不是很喜欢。 （2）care for可意为＂照料；照顾＂，与take care of同义。 The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。 —Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus. —That’s good. The old should be . A. looked for B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for 考点9. several 的用法 用法分析（1）several做形容词，意为“几个的；数个的”，用来修饰可数名词复数，做定语。 这儿有几则新闻。Here are several pieces of news. （2）several做代词，意为“几个，数个，—些”，常用作主语或宾语。 他们中的几个人昨天去海滩了。Several of them went to the beach yesterday. 考点拓展（1）修饰可数名词复数的词（组）：several, many, few, a few, a numberof等。 （2）修饰不可数名词的词（组）：much, litle, a little等。 （3）既可以修饰可数名词的复数又可以修饰不可数名词的词（组）：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。 My sister can speak languages. She can speak English, Spanish and Japanese. A. several B. few C. all 考点10. feeling的用法 用法分析 feeling为可数名词，意为“感觉，感触”，其动词形式为feel，表示人的愤怒、悲伤、快乐、饥饿等感觉时为可数名词。 考点拓展 feel做系动词时，后接形容词做表语；做实义动词时，是感官动词，其后可接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，即：feel sb. /sth.do sth.（感觉某人/某物做某事），feel sb. /sth.doing sth.感觉某人/某物正在做某事。 I feel relaxed after the test.考试后我觉得很放松。 People felt the houses shake in Wenchuan.汶川的人感到房子在摇晃。 I can feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹到我的脸上。 固定搭配（1）feel like意为“想要（做某事）”，其后接名词或动名词，不能接不定式。 He didn’t feel like going to school.他不想去上学。 （2）feel like的另一个意思是“摸起来好像”。 It feels like silk.它摸起来像丝绸。 考点11.owner的用法 用法分析 owner为可数名词，意为“物主；主人”，the owner of意为“…...的主人”。 Who is the owner of the dog？谁是这只狗的主人？ 注意 own v.拥有；adj，自己的。 考点12. hope的用法 用法分析hope意为＂希望；期望＂；后常接动词不定式；构成短语＂hope to do sth＂意为＂希望做某事＂。 I hope to see my pen pal, Lucy. 我希望见到我的笔友露西。 【易混辨析】 hope与wish＂希望＂不同 hope hope to do sth ＂希望做某事＂ hope + (that)从句＂希望……＂，常表示可以实现的愿望 wish wish sb sth＂希望某人……＂，表示祝愿 wish to do sth＂希望做某事＂ wish sb to do sth＂希望某人做某事＂ wish +（that）从句＂希望……＂，常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望 　　hope和wish都可作名词，但hope意为＂希望＂；wish意为＂愿望；心愿；祝愿＂。学&科网 【误区警示】 hope后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hope to do sth，但不可以表达为hope sb to do sth。 The volunteers hope _____________ something for the poor children in the Western areas. A. to do B. doing C. did D. do 考点13. journey 的用法 用法分析 journey为名词，意为“（尤指长途）旅行；行程”。 考点辨析 tour, trip, journey, travet （1）tour指到各地观光、考察，中途有停留点，绕行后再回到原出发点的旅行，也用来指观光与商业旅行等。 He made a three-day tour to Hong Kong.他去香港进行了一次三日游。 （2）trip多指使用任何交通工具的一去一回的短途旅行或指旅行和访问的总的情况，可意为“远足”。 He is going on a trip.他要外出旅行。 I took several trips to Qingdao.我去过青岛几次。 （3）journey一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行，常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长，而且有最终不一定又回到原出发地的含义，常蕴涵辛苦的意味。 He decided to make his journey to Ottawa.他决定到渥太华旅游。 （4）travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，泛指一切陆上、水上或空中的旅行，尤指到国外的旅行，它无定向的目的地，有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式。 Did you enjoy your travels in China？你的中国之行愉快吗？ 考点14. come true的用法 用法分析 come true意为“实现”，其中的come是系动词，true是表语。 Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。 —If you try hard, your dream will . —Yes, I ______ . A. come true; will B. be truly; will C. come true; do D. be true; do 考点15.put off的用法 用法分析 put off意为“推迟；拖延”，可与名词、代词、宾语从句或动名词连用，但不能接不定式。off为副词，接代词时放在put与off之间。 Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.今日事，今日毕。 【知识拓展】 常见put构成的短语 1.—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow？ —I’m afraid not. You can’t today’s work till tomorrow. A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up 2.因为大雨他们不得不推迟举行运动会。 They had to _____________ _____________ _____________ the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 3.咱们把这幅画贴在墙上吧。 Let’s _____________ _____________ the picture on the wall. 考点16.call up的用法 用法分析 call up意为“给……打电话”，后面接指人的词汇，该短语是由“动词+副词”构成，如果它的宾语是代词，代词要放在副词之前。 请马上给他打电话。Please call him up at once, please. 注意 表示“给......打电话”的常见说法有：give sb. a call, ring sb. up, give sb. a ring, telephone/phone sb. up, telephone/phone（to）sb.等。 On my way home, I saw a granny fall down. I offered help first and then the police. A. called up B. cared for C. cheered up D. found out 考点17. raise的用法 用法分析 raise做及物动词，意为“募集；征集”，其过去式和过去分词均为raised。常用短语：raise money for…意为“为……筹款”。 They want to raise money for homeless people.他们想为无家可归的人筹钱。 考点拓展 raise的其他含义： （1）举起；提升。 Raise your hand to get permission to speak.举手争取发言权。 （2）培养；抚养。 The poor parents raised her as an engineer.贫穷的父母把她培养成一位工程师。 —How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital？ —We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs.（同义替换） A. collect B. put up C. spend 一．动词短语 一、基本用法 1.动词短语的定义 在英语中，动词短语是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语，表达一种特定的含义，其作用和动词差不多。有些动词短语相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。 2.动词短语的构成 一般情况下，动词短语在结构上主要有：动词+介词；动词+副词；动词+副词+介词；动词+名词+介词。 （1）类型1：动词+介词 “动词+介词"构成的短语相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后，这类介词有at, for, after, from, into, of, on, to, with, about等。 look after照顾，照看 look for寻找 look at看 wait for等待 take after与……相像 care for 喜欢agree with同意 think about考虑 come from来自 send for 派人去请 depend on依靠 think of想起 hear from 收到……的来信 ask for请求，要求 break into破门而入 come across偶然碰到 laugh at嘲笑 stand for代表 look into调查 （2）类型2：动词+副词 “动词+副词"构成的短语既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。名词做宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后。代词做宾语时只能位于动词与副词之间，常见的副词有：out, up, on, back, away, over, off等 cheer up振奋起来 clean up打扫干净 give up放弃 fixup修理 put up张贴；举起；搭建 put off推迟 take away拿走 turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn up开大；调高 turn down调低；关小；拒绝 turn out结果是 turn over翻转 bring up提出；抚养 get up起床；站起 make up编造 stay up熬夜 show up 出席；露面 pick up捡起；接电话 look up查找；向上看 take up学着做；开始做；占据 get out出去 find out发现give out= hand out分发 look out注意；小心 put out扑灭 get on上车；进展 try on试穿keep on继续（进行） hold on等一等（别挂电话） put on穿上；上演；增加（体重） put away把……收好 put down写下，记下 put out熄灭 put back放回原处 eat up吃光 （3）类型3：动词+副词+介词 “动词+副词+介词"构成的短语，是动副短语和动介短语的合体，相当于及物动词，宾语放在介词的后面。 come up with想出 catch up with赶上 look forward to期待，期望 run out of耗尽，用尽get away from脱身 get along with相处 go on with继续 keep away from远离 （4）类型4：动词+名词+介词 “动词+名词+介词”构成的短语只能用作及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。 Make fun of取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 make friends with与……朋友 have a look at看一看 make sense of理解，弄懂 take part in参加 二、特殊用法 1.在“动词+副词”构成的动词短语中，副词可以和后面做宾语的名词进行位置上的互换，但如果宾语是代词，该宾语通常放在动词和副词之间。 I did want a holiday abroad, but I’ve given up the idea.我确实想出国度假，但我已放弃了这个想法。 2.在“动词+介词”和“动词+副词+介词”型的动词短语中，不论是名词还是代词做宾语都必须放在介词的后面。 I agree with what you said.我同意你说的。 He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.他努力学习希望能赶上同班同学。 二．动词不定式 一、基本用法 1.动词不定式的形式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，使用时有时可以不带to，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语，to本身无意义，动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。 2.动词不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式前面加not，即“not+动词不定式”。 3.动词不定式的用法 动词不定式（短语）具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。 （1）动词不定式（短语）做主语 动词不定式（短语）在句中做主语时，一般位于句首，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数，有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。 To learn foreign languages is very useful.学外语很有用。 I think it’s necessary for us to read a lot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。 （2）动词不定式（短语）做表语 动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，常用于be动词的后面。 My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。 （3）动词不定式（短语）做宾语 动词不定式（短语）做宾语有两种情况：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另—种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。” I hope to see you tomorrow.我希望明天见到你。 注意 其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有： 想要，拒绝，忘记（want, refuse, forget） 需要，努力，学习（need, try, learn） 选择，同意，帮助（choose, agree, help） 希望，决定，开始（hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start） （4）动词不定式（短语）做宾语补足语 常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, teach, allow, promise, order, advise, expect, wish, invite, encourage, make, warn, help等。 They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。 （5）动词不定式（短语）做定语 动词不定式（短语）做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，置于被修饰词之后，即做后置定语。 —Would you like something to eat？你想要些吃的吗？ —Yes, please.好的。 注意 动词不定式（短语）做定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。 The old man has no house to live in.这位老人没有房子住。 （6）动词不定式（短语）做状语 动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。 ①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。 To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。 ②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。 The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。 ③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。 I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。 二、特殊用法 1.不定式（短语）做主语时，常用it代替它做形式主语，而将不定式放到后面，有三种情况： （1）It is+名词+to do sth. It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。 （2）It takes/took sb.+some time+ to do sth. How long did it take you to finish your homework？你花了多长时间完成作业？ （3）It is+形容词（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/of sb.）+to do sth. It is clever of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。 2. feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it做形式主语，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。 3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。 （1）在使役动词have, make, let之后。 His mother makes him sweep the floor.他妈妈让他扫地。 （2）在感官动词（短语）feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at之后。 Did you notice her leave the room？她离开房间时你注意到了吗？ （3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可带上to。 He often helps me（to）learn maths.他经常帮助我学数学。 （4）在一些固定搭配中，如“had better do sth.”，“Why not do sth.？”，“would rather do sth. than do sth.”等。 【巩固练习】 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The teacher often tells us not _____________ (not surf) the Internet. 2. Come on! I have something important to _____________ (tell) you. 3. I haven’t decided when to _____________ (take) a holiday yet. 4. To _____________ (be) healthy, we should eat more vegetables and fruits. 5. My job is to _____________ (study) hard. 6. That is the only way we can imagine _____________ (reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom. 7. Last year, she decided _____________ (try) out for a volunteer after­school reading program. 8. Would you like _____________ (go) and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 9. She hopes _____________ (be) a volunteer during this summer vacation. 10. Please promise _____________ (not tell) lies any more, will you? 二. 同义句转换，每空一词 1. The boy takes after his mother. The boy ____________ ____________ ____________ his mother. 2. Can you come up with a good way to learn English well? Can you ____________ ____________ a good way to learn English well? 3. We can repair your watch at once. We can ____________ ____________ your watch at once. 4. We want to make the girl happy. We want to ____________ ____________ the girl. 5. Can you give out the exercise-books for me? Can you ____________ ____________ the exercise-books for me? 三. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1. 最后，她终于想出了一个好主意。 She ____________ ____________ ____________ a good idea at last. 2. 她愿意帮助我摆脱困境。 She would like to ____________ ____________ ____________. 3. 我期待着我的笔友能尽快来信。 I’m ____________ ____________ ____________ hearing from my pen pal as soon as possible. 4. 会后他们不得不打扫房间。 They had to ____________ ____________ the room after the meeting. 5. 我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？ I’ve ____________ ____________ ____________ my money. Can you lend me some? 四. 用单词或短语的适当形式完成短文 Tom 1.___________ (volunteer) in an old people’s home last summer. He did some things 2.___________ (help) the old people. For example, he helped 3.___________ (clean up) their houses. He also fixed up the 4.___________ (break) chairs and 5.___________ (read) the newspaper to the old people. They told him stories about the past and how things 6.___________ (use to) be. Helen is making some plans 7.___________ (raise) some money for the old people’s home. She thinks it’s 8.___________ (interest) to help the old people. Today, a lot of old people are very 9.___________ (lonely). We should listen to them and care for them, because we’re all going to be old one day, too. 一.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出所缺的单词 1.The train j　　　 from Hangzhou to Shanghai takes about 40 minutes.  2.Liu Mei often works as a volunteer to　　　　up the sick people in the hospital.(使振作起来) 3.I kept thinking about the accident and woke up s　　　 times during the night.   4.Dogs are ready to help and save their 　　　(主人).   5.He has few friends to talk with, so he often feels l　　　 and helpless. 6.The government recruited(招募)thousands of college students as v　　　 for the Hangzhou Asian Games. 7.You should pay more attention to traffic s　　　 along the road while driving.  8.When I help others, I always get such a strong feeling of s　　　.  9.The elephant is so s　　　 that it can carry very heavy things.  10.They plan to r　　　 money to help the homeless people in the city.  二.单项选择 11.Mr. Wang asked me to　　　the papers as quickly as possible. A.give in　　　B.give out　　　C.give up　　　D.give off 12.My grandfather used to 　　　 TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to 　　　 out for a walk.  A.watch;go　　　B.watch;going C.watching;go 13.I don’t have any close friends here. I feel 　　　 from time to time. A.alone　　　B.happy　　　C.lonely　　　D.proud 14.—What are you going to do this weekend? —I am going to visit the sick kids in the hospital and　　　 them 　　　 as a volunteer.  A.wake;up　　　B.cheer;up C.give;up　　　D.pick;up 15.We have to 　　　 the sports meeting because of the bad weather.  A.turn off　B.put off　C.take off　D.get off 三.根据汉语意思完成句子 16.玛丽在感到孤独时习惯听音乐。 Mary likes to listening to music when she 　　　　　　.  17.请帮我把这些练习册发下去。 Please help me 　　　　　these exercise books.  18.去年,她决定参加一个课后志愿者阅读项目的选拔。 Last year, she decided to 　　　　　 for a volunteer after-school reading program.  19.昨天我想出了一个庆祝爸爸生日的好办法。 Yesterday, I 　　　　　a good idea to celebrate my father’s birthday.  20.我们应该照顾老人。 We should　　　 　　　the old people.  四.按要求完成句子,每空一词 21.Please tell me where we can put our mobile phones.(改为同义句) Please tell me　　　 　　　 put our mobile phones.  22.She thought of great ideas to raise money in the end. (改为同义句) She thought of great ideas to raise money　　　 　　　.  23.The boy spent half an hour finishing his homework yesterday. (改为同义句) It 　　　 the boy half an hour 　　　 finish his homework yesterday.  24.This sign says “No Parking”.(对画线部分提问)   　　　 does this sign 　　　?  25.I help to take care of my grandmother on Sundays. (改为同义句)  I help to 　　　 　　　my grandmother on Sundays. 五.语法填空 　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 　　You don’t need to wait until you’re an adult to take part in community service. You can develop good habits now. Community service is a great way to make　26　 difference in your neighborhood. You can also enjoy　27　(spend)time with friends and meeting new people. Here are some ideas for you to start 　28　(quick).   Do you play an instrument or love to draw? Offer to give free concerts at a senior center or spread your love of art by giving 　29　(lesson)to younger children. You can never imagine 　30　 happy you will be after that.  Do you live near a public park? You can volunteer　31　 (plant)or clean up the park. You’ll bring pleasure 　32　 everyone who uses the park.   Do you know any sick or disabled people in your neighborhood? Offer to do yard work for　33　(they). Sweep the floor and 　34　(do) the dishes. Or just stop by for a friendly visit with some food.   Does your school encourage a buddy(伙伴)system? You can set up buddy systems which connect older children with　35　(young)ones. Buddies often spend time together reading books. Helping a young person grow into a smart reader is a gift that keeps on giving. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$