第08讲 名词和冠词-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第08讲 名词和冠词 目录 考情透视·目标导航 1 知识导图·思维引航 2 考点突破·考法探究 2 名词 2 考点一 名词词义辨析 2 考点二 名词的数 5 考点三 名词所有格 7 冠词 8 考向1 冠词的分类 8 考向2 冠词的基本用法 8 分层训练·巩固提升 10 【基础巩固】 10 【能力提升】 26 名词 名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。 中考考点分布： 一、名词词义辨析（重点）； 二、名词的数； 三、名词所有格。 冠词 冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 中考考查重点： 一、冠词的用法； 二、不用冠词的情况。 名词 考点一 名词词义辨析 1. 易混名词辨析（近义词） 1. advice, suggestion (1)advice多指“忠告；劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an, many, a few等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some, much, a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice, ask for advice等。 (2)suggestion 多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a, some, many, a few等直接修饰,有复数形式。常见搭配有give a suggestion, make a suggestion等。 2. people, person, man (1)people表示“人;人们”时是集体名词, 表复数概念, 不能表示“一个人”。只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people, 如two people意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”, 此时有单、复数之分, one people 意为“一个民族”, two peoples意为“两个民族”。 (2)person是个体名词, 它泛指man, woman或child中的任何一个, 其复数形式是persons。 (3)man意为“男人”, 与woman相对, 其复数形式为men; man也可表示“人;人类”, 此时man用作单数名词, 且不加冠词。 3. noise, voice, sound (1)noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”, 常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 (2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。 (3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”, 可以是人或动物的声音, 也可以是大自然的任何声音。 4. problem, question 两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题, 常与动词 solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题, 常与动词ask或answer连用。 此外, problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题, 而question却无此含义。 5. news, message和information (1)news不可数名词，通常指通过电视、报纸、 广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的消息。 (2)message,可数名词，通常指口头传递或书写的“音信”。 (3)information不可数名词，通常指通过观察、学习、阅读和交谈得到的资料、信息等。 6. cause reason和 excuse 1）cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事件有因果关系。 2）reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。 3）excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。 7.instruction ，direction与introduction instruction ：意为“指示；命令；用法说明”。强调详细的一步一步地具体指引或指示，常用复数形式 direction ：意为“方向；（行路的）指引，（用法、操作的）说明”，常用复数形式。仅强调方向性的指引，没有一步一步地具体指示 introduction 多指对事物性质、形状等的“介绍”。 2. 常考的高频名词（形近词） 1.activity 活动 address 地点 advertisement广告 advantage 优点 attention注意力 action 行为，行动 ability 能力 2.challenge 挑战 chance 机会 choice 选择 change改变 collection 收集物 competition 竞赛 composition 作文，文章 cause 原因 communication 沟通，交流 comment 评论 community社区 condition条件 confidence自信心 conversation 谈话，会话 courage勇气 crowd群，人群 culture文化 champion战役 3. distance距离 disease 疾病 difference 差异，不同 decision决定 difficulty 困难 direction方向，指示 director导演，负责人 development 发展 discussion讨论 4. experiment 实验 event 事件，活动 explanation解释 energy 能源，能量 expression 表情，短语。 Education教育 exchange交换 effect 效果，影响 environment 环境 excuse借口 experience经验，经历 5. fact事实 feeling感觉，情感 form 格式，表格 fear害怕 furniture 家具 fashion时尚 6. guide指南;导游;向导 government政府;治理， gift礼物;天赋 guard保护;警卫 guest客人 7. habit习惯 hobby爱好 health健康 harm伤害 heat 加热 honour荣誉;尊敬; hug 拥抱 8. impression印象 influence影响，效果 interest 爱好，利益，兴趣 information信息 Industry工业 instruction 指令，说明 interview采访;面试 introduction介绍 invention发明 instrument仪器，乐器; 9. language 语言 law法律 level 水平 lamp灯 lantern 灯笼，提灯 literature文学 10. meaning 意义 memory记忆 message口信，信息 method 方法 mistake错误 manner方式;举止;礼貌; master大师，师傅 material 材料 11. passenger 旅客 patient 病人 population 人口 present礼物， 现在 practice 实践，业务活动，惯例;训练; president总统;院长，主席; pressure压力programme 方案，程序。节目 progress 进步 purpose 目的 position地点，职位，位置。 12. reason理由 record记录 relationship 关系 relative亲戚 research调查 result结果 13. safety安全 score得分，分数 secret 秘密 service服务 shame 羞耻 sign符号，标记 silence安静 situation情况;状况;形势society社会 solution解决方案 speech演讲 spirit 精神 standard 标准，水准 success成功 suggestion 建议 survey调查 symbol 象征 14. task 任务 taste品味，味道 technology 技术 test测试 trade贸易 traffic交通 treasure 珠宝 trouble麻烦事，困境 truth 真相 talent才能;天赋 15. university 大学 universe宇宙 wave波 wealth 财富 weight重量 wonder 疑惑 wound伤口 考点二 名词的数 1. 可数名词及其单、复数 1）可数名词复数的规则变化 规则变化 示 例 1 大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks ② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries ④ 以o结尾的名词，大多数加-s，少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes ⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词： 树叶 半 数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮， 架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命 注意：可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。 2）可数名词复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示 例 ① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women ② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish （注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes） ③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen 3）其他情况： ① “某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。如： 中日不变：Chinese, Japanese 英法变：Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen 其余-s加后面：Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians ② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如： a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books 复合词中第一个词是man或woman时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如： a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors ③ 只表示复数意义的名词：trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle （牛；家畜） ④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如： My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。 All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。 2. 不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。 （1）常见的不可数名词 物质类：air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood 抽象类：advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work （2）不可数名词的数 ① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如： a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸 two bags of rice两袋米 ② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的，而在表示个体或种类时是可数的，如： Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。 It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。 As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人，但是作为一位母亲，她是一个失败者，因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。 3）有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。 名词 词义 可数 不可数 change 变化 零钱 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 exercise 习题 锻炼 experience 经历 经验 fish 鱼（类） 鱼肉 （4）修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词： 只修饰可数名词 a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的 只修饰不可数名词 a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的, a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多, plenty of 大量的 考点三 名词所有格 形式 用法 构成 示 例 ’s所有格 用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词 直接加’s Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球 yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸 以s结尾的复数名词只加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟 并列名词所有格 Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 （共同拥有） Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间（各自拥有） of所有格 主要用于无生命的名词 A of B the name of the book 书名 the middle of the park 公园中间 双重所有格 表示部分或其中之一 A of B’s a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学 some friends of my brother’s 我哥哥的一些朋友 冠词 考向1 冠词的分类 分类 说明 例子 不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书 an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩 定冠词 the 只有一种形式，一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片 考向2 冠词的基本用法 一、 不定冠词a、an的用法 1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别： （1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。 （2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。 二、定冠词the的用法 用法 例子 1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂） Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano 7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table. 8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old. 9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States 10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 13. 用在某些固定的表达法。 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上 三、不用冠词的情况 用法 例子 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood. 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers. 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. 6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 【基础巩固】 1.( 24·天津）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A. a; the B. an; the C. 不填; 不填 D. an; 不填 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园，“garden”首字母发辅音音素，用a；第二处特指花园里的花，用定冠词the。故选A。 2.( 24·天津）Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _________ down. A. body B. voice C. interest D. service 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不要在公共汽车上大声说话。你应该小点声。 考查名词辨析。body身体；voice嗓音；interest兴趣；service服务。根据“Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ... down.”可知，不要大声说话，所以要小点声，故选B。 3.( 24·安徽）—Art serves as a ________ between different nations. —Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication. A. river B. wall C. palace D. bridge 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——艺术是不同国家之间的桥梁。 ——是的。它真的有助于跨文化交流。 考查名词辨析。river河流；wall墙；palace宫殿；bridge桥梁。根据“Art serves as a...between different nations”可知，此处是指艺术是不同国家之间交流的一座桥梁。故选D。 4.( 24·福建）—I like the ________ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town. A. food B. service C. environment 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我喜欢我们学校附近饭店的食物。——我也是。它们有我们镇上最好的厨师。 考查名词辨析。food食物；service服务；environment环境。根据“They have the best cooks in our town.”可知饭店有最好的厨师，所以食物是好吃的。故选A。 5.( 24·武汉）—Have you set a ________ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A. date B. lock C. wallpaper D. language 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你的新手机上锁了吗？——当然。我必须保护我的个人信息。 考查名词辨析。date日期；lock锁；wallpaper墙纸；language语言。根据“I have to protect my personal information.”可知，用锁保护手机里的个人信息，故选B。 6.( 24·江西）I like acting and I’m in the ________ group at school. A. theater B. chess C. speech D. ping-pong 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我喜欢表演，我是学校剧团的成员。 考查名词辨析。theater戏剧；chess象棋；speech演讲；ping-pong乒乓。根据“I like acting”可知，喜欢表演，所以是戏剧团，故选A。 7.( 24·江苏扬州）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A. stages B. advantages C. messages D. passages 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你知道为什么要把斑马鱼带到神舟十八号上去吗？——它们具有体积小、培育周期短等优点。 考查名词辨析。stages阶段；advantages优势；messages信息；passages段落。根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18”可知，答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因，结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知，这些应是它们的优势，故选B。 9.( 24·江苏镇江）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A. habit B. present C. victory D. dream 【答案】A 【解析】句意：海伦每天写英文日记作为一种习惯来提高她的写作技巧。 考查名词辨析。habit习惯；present礼物；victory胜利；dream梦想。根据“keeps English diaries every day as a … to develop her writing skills”可知，海伦每天写英文日记，这是一种习惯，故选A。 10. （24·山东滨州）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——期末考试就要来了。最近怎么样？——还不错，谢谢。我只是把它当作平常的一场考试。我想我能做到。 考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；/不填。此处表示泛指，当作一场平常的考试，usual是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。 11.（24·山东滨州）—On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _________. A. method B. energy C. height D. industry 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——2024年4月25日，中国神舟十八号宇宙飞船成功升空。——哇，中国的航天技术达到了一个新的高度。 考查名词辨析。method方法；energy能量；height高度；industry工业。根据“China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully”可知，神州十八号的成功升空标志着中国的航天技术达到了新高度。故选C。 12.( 24·山东东营口）—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A. meals B. exams C. sleep D. exercise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——根据The Brain Science of Exam一书，当你饿的时候，你的大脑会更活跃。——真有趣！所以为了更好地记住事情，我们可以在饭前学习。 考查名词辨析。meals餐，饭；exams考试；sleep睡眠；exercise锻炼。根据“your brain is more active when you are hungry”可知，饥饿的时候大脑更活跃，所以为了更好地记住事情，可以在饭前学习。故选A。 13. Tom and Tim have some ________ and ________. A. tomatos; chicken B. tomatoes; chickens C. tomatoes; chicken D. tomatos; chickens 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤姆和蒂姆吃了一些西红柿和鸡肉。 考查可数名词复数和不可数名词。tomato表示“西红柿”，其复数形式为tomatoes；chicken表示“鸡肉”时，是不可数名词，表示“小鸡”时，是可数名词。根据“Tom and Tim have some...”可知此处是指鸡肉，故选C。 14.This is ______ bedroom. They both like it very much. A. Mary and Helen B. Mary's and Helen's C. Mary's and Helen D. Mary and Helen's 【答案】D 【解析】若一样东西为两人共有，则只需在后一个人的名字的词尾加" -'s"；若表示两人分别所有的东西，则分别在两人的名字的词尾加"-'s"，这时被修饰的名词要用复数形式。根据后一句"她们两人都非常喜欢它。"，可知应该是两人共同所有的卧室，故选D。 15. I don’t know ________ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some ________? A. what to talk, advice B. what to say, advice C. how to talk, advices D. how to say, advices 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我不知道该在会上关于空难该说些什么。你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查疑问词+动词不定式的结构和不可数名词。根据“I don’t know…about the air crash at the meeting. ”可知此句是宾语从句，“the air crash at the meeting”是“说”的内容，应用动词say，排除选项A和C；advice“意为建议”，是不可数名词， give some advice意为“给一些建议”，排除选项D。故选B。 16. I don’t want to use your pen. I want to use ________. A. somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C. somebody else D. somebody’s else’s 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我不想要用你的钢笔。我想要其他人的。 考查名词所有格。somebody else’s其他人的；somebody’s else错误表达；somebody else其他人；somebody’s else’s错误表达。空处需要填写名词所有格，表示“其他人的钢笔”，somebody else“其他人”，表示名词所有格使用somebody else’s，故选A。 17. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _________. A. two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time 【答案】A 【解析】句意：没有人认为在两天内完成这么多工作是容易的。 考查名词所有格。根据语境可知，此处指“两天的时间”，可用“基数词+复数名词的所有格+名词”；也可以用复合名词，基数词和名词之间要有连字符隔开，且名词只能用单数形式；据此，排除选项BCD；这里表示“两天的时间”用two days’ time，故选A。 18. —________ is it from our school to the subway station? —It’s about ________ walk. A. How far; ten minutes B. How far; ten minutes’ C. How long; ten minutes D. How long; ten minutes’ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——从我们学校到地铁站有多远？ ——步行大约十分钟。 考查特殊疑问句。how far多远，提问距离；how long多长时间，提问时间。ten minutes十分钟； ten minutes’十分钟的。根据答语可知，第一个空问从我们学校到地铁站有多远，用how far提问；第二个空修饰名词walk用名词所有格形式。故选B。 19. Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class. A. any student’s B. any other student C. anyone else D. any other student’s 【答案】D 【解析】句意：玛丽的英语比班上其他任何学生都要好得多。 考查所有格。any student’s任何学生的；any other student其他任何学生；anyone else其他任何人any other student’s其他任何学生的；any other指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或物。这里比较的对象是英语成绩，故用名词所有格any other student’s。故选D。 20. —Whose bikes are these? —They are ________. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这些是谁的自行车？——它们是莉莉和露西的。 考查名词所有格。由提示词are判断，这里应该是莉莉和露西都有自行车，因此应该是在每个人名后都加’s。也就是Lily’s and Lucy’s的表达。选项C是两个人共用一辆自行车，不符合语境，排除。故选B。 21. —I hear some ________ will go to your school. —Yes. Some teachers from ________ will get here this afternoon. A. Germans; Germany B. Germen; Germany C. Germans; German 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我听说一些德国人将要去你们学校。——是的。一些来自德国的老师今天下午将会到这里。 考查词义辨析。German德国人，复数形式是Germans；Germany德国。根据“some...will go to your school”并结合选项可知，第一空使用Germans，表示一些德国人来学校；根据“Some teachers from”可知，第二空使用Germany，表示来自德国的老师。故选A。 22. (2023·武汉) —Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team. —His height gives him a big ________. A. situation B. challenge C. achievement D. advantage 【答案】D 【解析】句意： ——彼得被选为学校排球队队员。——他的身高给了他很大的优势。 考查名词辨析。situation情况；challenge挑战；achievement成就；advantage优势。根据“His height gives him a big”可知他的身高在选拔中是一个优势。故选D。 23. (2023·湖北荆州) —What can you learn from Journey to the West? —I learn that we should have enough _______ to overcome the difficulties in our life. A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——从《西游记》中你能从中学到什么？——我学会了我们应该有足够的勇气去克服生活中的困难。 考查名词辨析。danger危险；success成功；courage勇气；excitement兴奋。根据“we should have enough…to overcome the difficulties in our life.”可知，克服生活中的困难需要足够的勇气。故选C。 24. (2023·江苏扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou? —I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________! A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——扬州有哪些名胜古迹？——我推荐瘦西湖。乘船游览是一种美妙的体验！ 考查名词辨析。movement移动，转移；attraction有吸引力的事物；experience经历；research研究。根据“A boat tour is a wonderful”可知，此处说的是一种体验/经历，故选C。 25. (2023·安徽)The proper ________ of your spare time will make your life colorful. A. date B. use C. name D. cause 【答案】B 【解析】句意：恰当地使用空闲时间会使你的生活丰富多彩。 考查名词辨析。date日期；use使用；name名字；cause原因。根据“…will make your life colorful.”可知，想让生活丰富多彩，就要利用好空闲时间。故选B。 26. (2023·沈阳) Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ________. A. scientist B. painter C. musician D. writer 【答案】C 【解析】句意：贝蒂对音乐很着迷。她的梦想是成为一名音乐家。 考查名词辨析。scientist科学家；painter画家；musician音乐家；writer作家。根据“Betty is crazy about music.”可知痴迷于音乐，想要成为音乐家。故选C。 27. (2023·长春)John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema. A. films B. music C. books D. weather 【答案】A 【解析】句意：约翰·史密斯经常浏览电影新闻，想知道电影院在上映什么。 考查名词辨析。films电影；music音乐；books书；weather天气。根据“o know what’s on in the cinema”可知想要知道电影院在上映什么，由此知道经常浏览电影新闻。故选A。 28. (2023·山东滨州) —What’s your secret of writing so well? —I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child. A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你写得这么好的秘诀是什么？——我读了很多书，鲁迅的作品对我小时候有很大的影响。 考查名词辨析。difference不同；attention关注；situation情况；influence影响。根据“the works of Lu Xun had a strong...on me”可知鲁迅的作品对我有影响。故选D。 29.—I have in learning English and I'm so worried. Could you help me with it? —Sure, I'd love to. A. joy B. interest C. trouble D. fun 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。joy“快乐”；interest“兴趣”；trouble“困难”；fun“乐趣”。根据“我很担心”以及“你可以帮助我吗”可知此处表示“我学习英语有困难”，故选C。 30. —Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report? —I'm not sure. Maybe I need to read some ________ about it before writing. A. reasons B. rewards C. results D. reviews 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你决定在报告里写关于《格利佛游记》的什么内容了吗？——我不确定。也许我需要在写之前阅读一些关于它的评论。 考查名词辨析。reasons理由；rewards奖励；results结果；reviews评论。空格后的it指代前文提到的“Gulliver in Lilliput”，结合“I’m not sure”可知，并不太确定写什么，所以需要参考一些有关它的评论，故选D。 31. Peter is interested in reading books about animals and plants. He has a real ______ of animals， birds and flowers. A. courage B. knowledge C. energy D. experience 【答案】B 【解析】句意：彼得对阅读有关动植物的书感兴趣。他对动物、鸟类和花卉非常了解。 courage"勇气"；knowledge"知识，学问"；energy"活力，精力"；experience"经历，经验"；根据题意"彼得对阅读有关动植物的书感兴趣"，可推测"他对动物、鸟类和花卉非常了解"，" have a real knowledge of 对什么有真正的了解"，所以knowledge符合要求。所以选：B。 32. A sudden windfall， which makes a man get rich quickly， may break the balance of a person's life. "Windfall" in the sentence means ______. A. advantage B. discovery C. agreement D. wealth 【答案】D 【解析】句意：一笔突如其来的横财，可以使一个人迅速致富，可能打破一个人的生活平衡。"Windfall" 在句子中的意思是财富。advantage"优点，好处"；discovery"发现，探索"；agreement"一致，同意"；wealth"财富"；根据题意"可以使一个人迅速致富"，可推测应该为"财富"，所以wealth符合题意。所以选：D。 33. To spread our traditional culture，many teenagers came up with new .For example，Suansuan，a college student，has posted over 50 videos on Bilibili to show her love for our culture. A. methods B. messages C. meanings D. medicines 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了传播我们的传统文化，许多青少年想出了新的方法。例如，大学生Suansuan在Bilibili上发布了50多个视频，以表达她对我们文化的热爱。methods方法；messages消息；meanings意义；medicines药物。根据For example，Suansuan，a college student，has posted over 50 videos on Bilibili to show her love for our culture."例如，大学生Suansuan在Bilibili上发布了50多个视频，以表达她对我们文化的热爱" ，可知，此处是说想出新的方法。所以选：A。 34. The little girl has such a good ______ that she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school. A. experience B. suggestion C. collection D. memory 【答案】D 【解析】句意：小女孩的记忆力很好，第一天上学就可以记住所有同学的名字。 考查名词辨析。experience经历；suggestion建议；collection收藏品；memory记忆力。根据"she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school.""第一天上学就可以记住所有同学的名字。"可知，这个小女孩的记忆力很好，因此用"memory"符合题意。所以选：D。 35. ﹣Have you been to Harry's __________ yet？ ﹣Yes. I couldn't help singing and dancing along with him. A. report B. concert C. class D. speech 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你去过哈里的音乐会了吗？ ﹣是的。我忍不住和他一起唱歌跳舞。A. report报告； B. concert 音乐会； C. class 课；D. speech演讲。根据下句我忍不住和他一起唱歌跳舞。可知上句句意是你去过哈里的音乐会了吗 ？Harry's concert 哈里的音乐会。所以选：B。 36. If you don't know how to fix the machine， just follow the______. A. introductions B. resolutions C. predictions D. instructions 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果你不知道怎么修理机器，只需按照说明操作. introductions介绍，resolutions决定，决心，predictions预言，instructions说明，操作指南，根据题意，只需按照说明操作，可知，只有D符合题意. 所以选：D. 37.Though Zhong Nanshan is in his eighties， he makes great __________ to the medical development. I can't agree more. He is my hero. A. celebration B. conversation C. contribution D. collection 【答案】C 【解析】句意：虽然钟南山已经八十多岁了，但他为医疗发展做出了巨大的贡献. celebration庆祝，conversation交谈，contribution贡献，collection收藏；根据句意"虽然钟南山已经八十多岁了，但他为医疗发展做出了巨大的贡献"和语法可知，要填"贡献"，其它选项语意不通. 所以选：C. 38. I've come to the ______ that Lydia is the right person to make friends with. She is friendly，helpful and honest. A. information B. direction C. conclusion D. invitation 【答案】 【解析】句意：我得出结论，莉迪亚就是那个值得交朋友的人. 她善良，乐于助人，诚实. 本题考查名词辨析. information信息；direction方向；conclusion结论；invitation邀请. come to the conclusion得出结论. 符合语境. 此处表示：我得出了结论，莉迪亚就是那个值得交朋友的人. 所以选：C. 39. We need courage to face the ________，so be brave enough! A. spirit B. ability C. wealth D. difficulty 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们需要勇气去面对困难，所以要勇敢！ spirit精神；ability能力；wealth财富；difficulty困难。根据"We need courage to face the"可知需要勇气面对困难。所以选：D。 40. Spending more time together helps to improve the ________ between parents and kids. A. environment B. relationship C. preparation D. activities 【答案】B 【解析】句意：花更多的时间在一起有助于改善父母和孩子之间的关系。 A环境；B关系；C准备；D活动；结合语境可知：花更多的时间在一起是为了改善父母和孩子之间的关系。所以选：B。 41. Although the match is moving in an unexpected_____，our team will win finally，I believe. A. instruction B. introduction C. position D. direction 【答案】D 【解析】句意：虽然比赛朝着意想不到的方向在发展，但是我想我们队最终会获得胜利的。 A指示，说明；B介绍；C位置；D方向；结合句意可知：比赛朝着意想不到的方向在发展。此处需要填入名词"方向"。所以选：D。 42. Paul keeps doing sports every day，so he is always full of . A. change B. knowledge C. energy D. courage 【答案】C 【解析】句意：保罗每天坚持运动，所以他总是精力充沛。 change零钱、变化；knowledge知识；energy精力、活力；courage勇气。根据"Paul keeps doing sports every day"保罗每天坚持运动，因此推测他总是"精力"充沛，所以选energy。所以选：C。 43.The Queqiao satellite （卫星） has been a ________ bridge between the Earth and the Moon. A. competition B. contribution C. celebration D. communication 【答案】D 【解析】句意：鹊桥卫星一直是地球和月球之间的通信桥梁。 competition比赛；contribution贡献；celebration庆祝；communication通信。根据"between the Earth and the Moon"可知，卫星负责地球和月球之间的通信。所以选D。 44. At the beginning of his first class，Mr. Wang gave us a general ________ about chemistry. A. attention B. conversation C. direction D. introduction 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在第一堂课开始的时候，关于化学王先生给我们作了大体介绍。 attention注意，关注；conversation交谈，谈话；direction方向，趋势，用法说明；introduction介绍。根据预测句意，要填"概述"，其它选项语意不通。所以选：D。 45. To tell you the truth， I don't want to join in the singing competition. Come on. You just need more practice to build up your . A. challenge B. confidence C. development D. energy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：说实话，我不想参加歌唱比赛. 加油. 你只需要更多的练习来建立你的自信. challenge挑战；confidence自信；development发展，energy能量. 根据句意"说实话，我不想参加歌唱比赛. 加油. 你只需要更多的练习来建立你的自信"和语法可知，要填"自信"，其它选项语意不通. 所以选：B. 46. If you go to ________ Britain, don’t forget to visit ________ British Museum. It’s a 30-minute bus ride from ________ River Thames. A. the; /; / B. the; the; / C. /; /; the D. /; the; the 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果你去英国，别忘了参观大英博物馆。 从泰晤士河坐巴士30分钟就到了。 考查冠词辨析。第一空在专有名词Britain前，不需要加冠词。第二空表示专有名词“大英博物馆”the British Museum。第三空表示专有名词“泰晤士河”the River Thames，故选D。 47.Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【解析】句意：丹尼尔今天早餐吃了一个鸡蛋，一片面包和一杯牛奶。考查冠词辨析。egg（鸡蛋）是单数名词，以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰；根据句意语法，可知选B。 48. —There is ________ uniform in the soccer club. —Is ________ uniform Bob’s? A. a; the B. an; the C. an; an D. the; an 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——足球俱乐部里有一件校服。——这件校服是鲍勃的吗？ 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词之前；the定冠词，表示特指或前文提到的人或物等。根据句意可知，空一表示泛指，且uniform以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a；空二是指前文提到的这件校服，故应用定冠词the。故选A。 49. I’ve had ______ bad headache all day, so I think I’ll go to ______ bed early. A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. 不填；不填 D. a; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我头痛得很厉害，所以我想我要早点睡觉。Have a bad headache 和go to bed 都是固定搭配。 50. ---How do you go to ________ work? ---I usually take _________ bus. A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; ／ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：---你怎么去上班？---我通常乘公共汽车。go to work 上班。固配。 Take a bus 乘公汽。 51. Tom likes playing _______ piano while Tim likes playing ________ football. A. the ...the B. / ...the C. the .../ D. / .../ 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤姆喜欢弹钢琴，而蒂姆喜欢踢足球。乐器前面一般加定冠词。球类棋类前面不用冠词。 52. I have _________European pen friend, and he likes playing ________guitar. A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我有一个欧洲的笔友，他喜欢弹吉他。 考查冠词辨析。a.泛指，指一个，用于辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前；an.泛指，指一个，用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前；the.特指，用在独一无二名词前，如地球、月亮、太阳等。European虽然以元音字母开头，但音标是以辅音音素开头的单词，前面用不定冠词a；guitar吉他，属器乐，需加定冠词 the，即play the guitar。结合句意和语境，可知选D。 53.You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我们谈论过去70年的巨大成就时,您能看出我们脸上的骄傲。doubt意为“怀疑”;pride意为“骄傲”;regret意为“后悔”;ability意为“能力”。根据句意可知选B。 54. Beijing Opera is an important part of Chinese ________. A. culture B. invention C. condition D. introduction 【答案】A 【解析】句意：京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。 考查名词辨析。culture文化；invention发明；condition条件；introduction介绍。根据常识可知，京剧是中国传统文化的一种，故选A。 55. —Is this photo taken in Tibet？ —Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in the of the photo. A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction 【答案】B 【解析】句意：--这张照片是在西藏拍摄的吗？--是的。在照片的背景中你可以看到美丽的雪山。form形状，形式，外形，表格；background背景，底色；shape形状；introduction介绍，说明。in the background of the photo在照片的背景中。所以选B。 56. In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language. A. information B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在两个人的对话中，65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的。 考查名词辨析。information信息；pronunciation发音；introduction介绍；communication交流；根据“In a conversation between two persons”以及“through body language”可知，此处指的是“交流”中65%是肢体语言，故选D。 57.The sun gives out light and . Without the sun, there will be no life on the earth. A. temperature B. beauty C. heat D. peace 【答案】C 【解析】句意:太阳发出光和热。没有太阳,地球上将没有生命。temperature意为“温度”;beauty意为“美”;heat意为“热”;peace意为“和平”。根据句意可知选C。 58. —We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology. —Hard to believe! Scientists are full of 　 　which leads to great changes in our life.  A. attraction B. invention C. position D. contribution 【答案】B　 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。attraction意为“引力,吸引人的事物”;invention意为“发明”;position意为“位置,职位”;contribution意为“贡献,捐款”。根据句意可知选B。 59. —What’s the _________ of Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022? —Together for a Shared Future! A. plan B. symbol C. theme D. sport 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——2022年北京冬奥会的主题是什么？——携手共创美好未来！ 考查名词辨析。plan计划；symbol象征；theme主题；sport运动。根据“Together for a Shared Future!”可知“携手共创美好未来”是北京冬奥会的主题，故选C。 60. Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of _______. A. achievement B. agreement C. development D. entertainment 【答案】D 【解析】句意：听音乐和看电影都是放松的娱乐方式。 考查名词辨析。achievement成就；agreement同意；development发展；entertainment娱乐。根据“Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of...”可知，听音乐和看电影都是娱乐方式，故选D。 61. ——Tu You you received the Nobel Prize for her________ of anemisinin(青蒿素). ——And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science. A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：——屠呦呦因为发现了青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。——而且她是第一位在科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的中国人。design设计；thought想法；invention发明；discovery发现。因为anemisinin(青蒿素).是原来就存在的，因此是发现了它。故选D。 62. —What's the ________of traveling by bike? —It can save money，keep us healthy and does not pollute the air. A. purpose B. suggestion C. advantage D. knowledge 【答案】C 【解析】句意：-骑车旅行的优势是什么？-可以节省金钱，让我们保持健康，还能不污染空气。A.目的；B.建议；C.优势；D.知识。从答句可以看出是在描述骑车旅行的“优势”，故前句是在问优势是什么，选C。 63.—Boys and girls, please follow my _______ when you are in the lab. —OK, Miss Wang. A. conversations B. licenses C. instruction D. habits 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——孩子们，当你们在实验室的时候，请我说的做。——好的，王老师。考查名词辨析题。A. conversations交谈；B. licenses执照；C. instruction指令；D. habits习惯。follow one’s instruction按照某人的指示。根据句意结构，可知ABD选项的意思都不符句意，故选C。 64. From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city. A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation 【答案】C 【解析】句意：从我在电视塔顶部的位置，我可以完美地看到我们的城市。 考查名词辨析。tradition传统；condition条件；position位置；situation形式，情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知，此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。 65.— She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition. — I’m proud of her. I wish her a great . A. speed B. method C. pressure D. success 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——她要去参加诗歌决赛了。——我为她感到骄傲，同时也希望她获得巨大成功。考查名词辨析。A. speed速度；B. method方法；C. pressure压力；D. success成功。根据上文我为她感到骄傲，可推知应是希望她获得巨大成功，所以D选项符合题意，其它选项均与句意不符，故答案选D。 66.-It's dangerous to drive after drinking. -That's true. It can increase the ______ of traffic accidents. A. advantage B. stress C. safety D. risk 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——酒后开车是危险的。—对的。酒后开车可能增加交通事故的风险。根据句意可知选D。 67. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your_______ , you must keep moving. A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability 【答案】C 【解析】 promise意为"承诺"; position意为位置；balance意为"平衡”；ability意 为"能力” to keep balance意为"保持平衡”。将各选项代入语境可知选C。 68. — They gave their different ___________ on your new plan last night. What do you think of them? —Most of them are practical, and I’d like to accept them. A. reasons B. comments C. results D. excuse 【答案】B 【解析】A. reasons理由 B. comments评论 C. results 结果 D. excuse 借口 句意：昨晚他们给这新计划不同的评论，你认为怎么样？----大多数评价很实用，我愿意接受他们。 69. — What do you want to be in the future? —I want to be a ___________ because I want to show people the most popular clothes. A. host B. model C. writer D. modern 【答案】B 【解析】A. host 主持人 主人 B. model 模特 C. writer作家 D. modern现代化的 句意：我想当模特，因为我想向人们展示最流行的服装。 70. In 2023, according to the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST), more than10 percent of Chinese citizens(公民) have basic(基本的) scientific knowledge, a(n) ________ from 8.2 percent in 2022. A. improve B. number C. result D. increase 【答案】D 【解析】句意：据中国科学技术协会(CAST)统计，2023年，超过10%的中国公民有基本的科学知识，比2012年的8.2%有所增长。 考查名词词义辨析。improve改善；number号码；result结果；increase增长。根据“more than10 percent of Chinese citizens”以及“from 6.2 percent in 2022”可知，此处是指比2015年的6.2%有所增长，故选D。 71.If you want to take __________short ride in the city, choose __________shared bike. A. a;／ B. the; the C. a; a D. ／; a 【答案】C 【解析】句意“如果你想要一个短途旅行，选择一个共享单车”。第一空处，根据take a short ride“短途旅行”可知，排除B和D；第二空处，shared bike是可数名词单数，且译为“一个共享单车”，故选C。 72.Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in east of China. A. an B. / C. the D. a 【答案】C 【解析】句意：青岛是一座美丽的城市，位于中国东部。表示方向的名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an；in the +方位名词+of，表示在……方向上，故答案为C。 73.Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】B 【解析】句意：丹尼尔今天早餐吃了一个鸡蛋，一片面包和一杯牛奶。考查冠词辨析。egg（鸡蛋）是单数名词，以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰；根据句意语法，可知选B。 74.- Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday? - OK. Let's add it to _____________ weekend plan. A. a B. an C. the D. ／ 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——彼得，这个星期天我们去野餐好吗？——好的，让我们把它加入周末计划吧。考查冠词用法。根据句意可知此处是指加入我们制定的周末计划，表示特指，所以应用定冠词the来修饰；结合选项可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。 75. I like playing ________ piano, but Jerry likes playing ________ football. A. the; a B. the; / C. /; the D. a; an 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我喜欢弹钢琴，但杰瑞喜欢踢足球。 考查冠词。play后接乐器类名词时，名词前加定冠词the，play the piano“弹钢琴”；play后接球类名词时，名词前不用冠词，play football“踢足球”。故选B。 【能力提升】 A语法填空 In the middle (1)________ my home country there are very large places. They are hot and dry (2)________ (land) called deserts. All over the deserts are farms and small towns. Families live a long way from other people. Sometimes they are the only people for thousands of kilometres. These (3)________ (family) children cannot go to school like you. About 65 years ago, these people found that using strong (4)_________ (radio) was a possible way for families living far away to communicate with each other. What about using them for school? In this way, children could talk to each other like at school. This was how the first “School of the Air” started. The children each spent about thirty (5)_________ (minute) a day on the radio. They talked to their teacher about their work and difficulties. The teacher designed some (6)_________ (exercise) and tasks based on what they learned and posted them to the children. After finishing their work, the children sent it back to their teacher to mark. The teacher also travelled around the country. He tried to visit each child twice each year. This was sometimes difficult. The journey was very long and could be dangerous. In addition, the school held camps once a year. The children could all meet each other and shared their learning (7)________ (experience). With the (8)_________ (develop) of technology, computers are becoming popular. The government provides families with computers so that the children can use the Internet to talk to their teachers and classmates by (9)__________ (e-mail) now. The teachers enjoy their work very much because they get to know the children and their families very well. It is (10)_________ interesting way to learn, don’t you think? 【答案】of land families’ radios minutes exercises experience development e-mail an B 完形填空（24·河南） Last night, Frank had a dream about the coming math test, which troubled him very much these days. So he was in a 1 mood (心情) when he woke up. Uncle Robin once told Frank about “white noise”—noise made by a fan or soft rain is a (n) 2 of white noise. Frank had tried it and it really worked! After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 3 white noise with his headphones. With the 4 of the math test still in his mind, Frank went to get his headphones. He 5 he had left them on his desk, but they were gone. His little brother Andy was always 6 his things—without asking. He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in 7 . “Where are my headphones? You can’t just take my things! Or I’ll take yours!” He grabbed (抓起) one of his brother’s toys and 8 it on the ground, breaking it into two pieces. Andy started to 9 , and Frank stormed out, feeling better. Frank’s mom heard the shouting and went into Andy’s room. “Hey,” she said 10 , “stop for a second and tell me how you’re feeling.” Mom never shouted. Frank knew that she thought it was better to talk about 11 instead of getting angry. “He always does this, Mom!” Frank shouted. “I’ll have a math test…and…and I had a bad dream …” Frank 12 shouting. In a calm (平静的) voice, he said, “I 13 what I did was bad. I’m sorry, Andy. I really get mad 14 you take things without asking, but breaking your toy wasn’t 15 . I will buy you a new one.” Frank’s mom said, “Well done, Frank, and, Andy, ask first next time, OK?” “OK, I’m sorry too,” said Andy and they all smiled. 1. A. bad B. cheerful C. playful D. strange 2. A. list B. gift C. example D. introduction 3. A. talk about B. listen to C. turn down D. wait for 4. A. results B. thoughts C. prizes D. purposes 5. A. expected B. decided C. discovered D. remembered 6. A. repairing B. cleaning C. breaking D. borrowing 7. A. anger B. fear C. shame D. surprise 8. A. tied B. burnt C. threw D. placed 9. A. cry B. rest C. help D. share 10. A. sadly B. shyly C. softly D. bravely 11. A. dreams B. habits C. choices D. feelings 12. A. kept B. stopped C. enjoyed D. practiced 13. A. wish B. know C. hear D. promise 14. A. unless B. before C. when D. though 15. A. right B. easy C. enough D. crazy 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【导语】本文主要介绍弗兰克因为担心考试想用耳机听白噪音，但是发现自己的耳机不见了。弗兰克想到弟弟安迪经常不问自取自己的东西，所以很生气，去摔了弟弟的玩具。妈妈知道后温柔地开导二人，二人也都认识到自己的错误。 1. 句意：所以他醒来时心情不好。 bad坏的；cheerful振奋的；playful幽默的；strange奇怪的。根据“Frank had a dream about the coming math test, which troubled him very much these days.”可知，弗兰克做了一个关于即将到来的数学考试的梦，这让他这些天非常困扰，所以醒来时心情不好。故选A。 2. 句意：罗宾叔叔曾经给弗兰克讲过“白噪音”——风扇或细雨发出的噪音就是白噪音的一个例子。 list清单；gift礼物；example例子；introduction介绍。根据“Uncle Robin once told Frank about “white noise”—noise made by a fan or soft rain is a (n)...of white noise.”可知，风扇或细雨发出的噪音就是白噪音的一个例子，故选C。 3. 句意：从那以后，每当他感到担心的时候，他就会用耳机听白噪音。 talk about谈论关于；listen to听；turn down拒绝；wait for等待。根据“whenever he felt worried about something, he would...white noise with his headphones”可知，每当他感到担心的时候，他就会用耳机听白噪音。故选B。 4. 句意：数学考试的事还在弗兰克的脑海里，他去拿耳机。 results结果；thoughts想法；prizes奖励；purposes目的。根据“With the...of the math test still in his mind, Frank went to get his headphones.”可知，数学考试的事还在弗兰克的脑海里，故选B。 5. 句意：他记得把它们放在桌子上了，但它们不见了。 expected期待；decided决定；discovered发现；remembered记得。根据“He...he had left them on his desk, but they were gone.”可知，他记得把耳机放在桌上了，但是没找到。故选D。 6. 句意：他的弟弟安迪总是不问他就借他的东西。 repairing修理；cleaning打扫；breaking打破；borrowing借。根据“His little brother Andy was always...his things—without asking.”可知，他的弟弟安迪总是不问他就借他的东西。故选D。 7. 句意：他跑进他弟弟的房间，愤怒地对他大喊大叫。 anger生气；fear害怕；shame羞愧；surprise惊讶。根据“He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in ...”可知，弟弟总是不问就借他的东西，这会儿耳机不见了，所以弗兰克很生气，故选A。 8. 句意：他抓起弟弟的一个玩具扔在地上，把它摔成两半。 tied系；burnt燃烧；threw扔；placed放置。根据“He grabbed (抓起) one of his brother’s toys and...it on the ground”可知，他抓起弟弟的一个玩具扔在地上，故选C。 9. 句意：安迪哭了起来，弗兰克气冲冲地走了出去，感觉好多了。 cry哭；rest休息；help帮助；share分享。根据“Andy started to..., and Frank stormed out, feeling better.”可知，弗兰克把安迪的玩具扔在地上，所以安迪哭了起来，故选A。 10. 句意：她温柔地说，“停一下，告诉我你感觉怎么样。” sadly悲伤地；shyly害羞地；softly温柔地；bravely勇敢地。根据“Mom never shouted.”可知，妈妈从不大叫，所以温柔地说，故选C。 11. 句意：弗兰克知道她认为与其生气，不如谈谈自己的感受。 dreams梦想；habits习惯；choices选择；feelings感觉。根据“Frank knew that she thought it was better to talk about...instead of getting angry.”可知，与其生气，不如谈谈自己的感受。故选D。 12. 句意：“他总是这样，妈妈！”弗兰克停止大叫。 kept保持；stopped停止；enjoyed欣赏；practiced练习。根据“In a calm (平静的) voice”可知，弗兰克停止大叫，平静地说，故选B。 13. 句意：我知道我做的不好。 wish希望；know知道；hear听见；promise承诺。根据“I...what I did was bad.”可知，知道自己做的不好，故选B。 14. 句意：我真的很生气你不经同意就拿走东西，但弄坏你的玩具是不对的。 unless除非；before在……之前；when当……时；though虽然。根据“I really get mad...you take things without asking”可知，当弟弟不问自取自己的东西时很生气，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 15. 句意：我真的很生气你不经同意就拿走东西，但弄坏你的玩具是不对的。 right正确的；easy容易的；enough足够的；crazy疯狂的。根据“but breaking your toy wasn’t...”可知，弄坏弟弟的玩具是不对的。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第08讲 名词和冠词 目录 考情透视·目标导航 1 知识导图·思维引航 2 考点突破·考法探究 2 名词 2 考点一 名词词义辨析 2 考点二 名词的数 5 考点三 名词所有格 7 冠词 8 考向1 冠词的分类 8 考向2 冠词的基本用法 8 分层训练·巩固提升 10 【基础巩固】 10 【能力提升】 16 名词 名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。 中考考点分布： 一、名词词义辨析（重点）； 二、名词的数； 三、名词所有格。 冠词 冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。 中考考查重点： 一、冠词的用法； 二、不用冠词的情况。 名词 考点一 名词词义辨析 1. 易混名词辨析（近义词） 1. advice, suggestion (1)advice多指“忠告；劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an, many, a few等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some, much, a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice, ask for advice等。 (2)suggestion 多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a, some, many, a few等直接修饰,有复数形式。常见搭配有give a suggestion, make a suggestion等。 2. people, person, man (1)people表示“人;人们”时是集体名词, 表复数概念, 不能表示“一个人”。只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people, 如two people意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”, 此时有单、复数之分, one people 意为“一个民族”, two peoples意为“两个民族”。 (2)person是个体名词, 它泛指man, woman或child中的任何一个, 其复数形式是persons。 (3)man意为“男人”, 与woman相对, 其复数形式为men; man也可表示“人;人类”, 此时man用作单数名词, 且不加冠词。 3. noise, voice, sound (1)noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”, 常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 (2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。 (3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”, 可以是人或动物的声音, 也可以是大自然的任何声音。 4. problem, question 两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题, 常与动词 solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题, 常与动词ask或answer连用。 此外, problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题, 而question却无此含义。 5. news, message和information (1)news不可数名词，通常指通过电视、报纸、 广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的消息。 (2)message,可数名词，通常指口头传递或书写的“音信”。 (3)information不可数名词，通常指通过观察、学习、阅读和交谈得到的资料、信息等。 6. cause reason和 excuse 1）cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事件有因果关系。 2）reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。 3）excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。 7.instruction ，direction与introduction instruction ：意为“指示；命令；用法说明”。强调详细的一步一步地具体指引或指示，常用复数形式 direction ：意为“方向；（行路的）指引，（用法、操作的）说明”，常用复数形式。仅强调方向性的指引，没有一步一步地具体指示 introduction 多指对事物性质、形状等的“介绍”。 2. 常考的高频名词（形近词） 1.activity 活动 address 地点 advertisement广告 advantage 优点 attention注意力 action 行为，行动 ability 能力 2.challenge 挑战 chance 机会 choice 选择 change改变 collection 收集物 competition 竞赛 composition 作文，文章 cause 原因 communication 沟通，交流 comment 评论 community社区 condition条件 confidence自信心 conversation 谈话，会话 courage勇气 crowd群，人群 culture文化 champion战役 3. distance距离 disease 疾病 difference 差异，不同 decision决定 difficulty 困难 direction方向，指示 director导演，负责人 development 发展 discussion讨论 4. experiment 实验 event 事件，活动 explanation解释 energy 能源，能量 expression 表情，短语。 Education教育 exchange交换 effect 效果，影响 environment 环境 excuse借口 experience经验，经历 5. fact事实 feeling感觉，情感 form 格式，表格 fear害怕 furniture 家具 fashion时尚 6. guide指南;导游;向导 government政府;治理， gift礼物;天赋 guard保护;警卫 guest客人 7. habit习惯 hobby爱好 health健康 harm伤害 heat 加热 honour荣誉;尊敬; hug 拥抱 8. impression印象 influence影响，效果 interest 爱好，利益，兴趣 information信息 Industry工业 instruction 指令，说明 interview采访;面试 introduction介绍 invention发明 instrument仪器，乐器; 9. language 语言 law法律 level 水平 lamp灯 lantern 灯笼，提灯 literature文学 10. meaning 意义 memory记忆 message口信，信息 method 方法 mistake错误 manner方式;举止;礼貌; master大师，师傅 material 材料 11. passenger 旅客 patient 病人 population 人口 present礼物， 现在 practice 实践，业务活动，惯例;训练; president总统;院长，主席; pressure压力programme 方案，程序。节目 progress 进步 purpose 目的 position地点，职位，位置。 12. reason理由 record记录 relationship 关系 relative亲戚 research调查 result结果 13. safety安全 score得分，分数 secret 秘密 service服务 shame 羞耻 sign符号，标记 silence安静 situation情况;状况;形势society社会 solution解决方案 speech演讲 spirit 精神 standard 标准，水准 success成功 suggestion 建议 survey调查 symbol 象征 14. task 任务 taste品味，味道 technology 技术 test测试 trade贸易 traffic交通 treasure 珠宝 trouble麻烦事，困境 truth 真相 talent才能;天赋 15. university 大学 universe宇宙 wave波 wealth 财富 weight重量 wonder 疑惑 wound伤口 考点二 名词的数 1. 可数名词及其单、复数 1）可数名词复数的规则变化 规则变化 示 例 1 大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks ② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes ③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries ④ 以o结尾的名词，大多数加-s，少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes ⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v，再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词： 树叶 半 数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮， 架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命 注意：可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用，有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。 2）可数名词复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示 例 ① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women ② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish （注意：fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形；指鱼的种类时复数是fishes） ③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen 3）其他情况： ① “某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。如： 中日不变：Chinese, Japanese 英法变：Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen 其余-s加后面：Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians ② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数，一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如： a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books 复合词中第一个词是man或woman时，两个名词都变为复数形式。如： a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors ③ 只表示复数意义的名词：trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle （牛；家畜） ④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时，表示单数意义；指这些集体的成员时，则表示复数意义。如： My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。 All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。 2. 不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。 （1）常见的不可数名词 物质类：air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood 抽象类：advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work （2）不可数名词的数 ① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如： a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸 two bags of rice两袋米 ② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的，而在表示个体或种类时是可数的，如： Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。 It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。 As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人，但是作为一位母亲，她是一个失败者，因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。 3）有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。 名词 词义 可数 不可数 change 变化 零钱 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 exercise 习题 锻炼 experience 经历 经验 fish 鱼（类） 鱼肉 （4）修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词： 只修饰可数名词 a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的 只修饰不可数名词 a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的, a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多, plenty of 大量的 考点三 名词所有格 形式 用法 构成 示 例 ’s所有格 用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词 直接加’s Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球 yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸 以s结尾的复数名词只加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟 并列名词所有格 Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 （共同拥有） Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间（各自拥有） of所有格 主要用于无生命的名词 A of B the name of the book 书名 the middle of the park 公园中间 双重所有格 表示部分或其中之一 A of B’s a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学 some friends of my brother’s 我哥哥的一些朋友 冠词 考向1 冠词的分类 分类 说明 例子 不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书 an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩 定冠词 the 只有一种形式，一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片 考向2 冠词的基本用法 一、 不定冠词a、an的用法 1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别： （1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。 （2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。 二、定冠词the的用法 用法 例子 1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂） Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano 7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table. 8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old. 9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States 10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 13. 用在某些固定的表达法。 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上 三、不用冠词的情况 用法 例子 1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood. 2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers. 4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer. 5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school. 6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school 【基础巩固】 1.( 24·天津）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A. a; the B. an; the C. 不填; 不填 D. an; 不填 2.( 24·天津）Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _________ down. A. body B. voice C. interest D. service 3.( 24·安徽）—Art serves as a ________ between different nations. —Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication. A. river B. wall C. palace D. bridge 4.( 24·福建）—I like the ________ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town. A. food B. service C. environment 5.( 24·武汉）—Have you set a ________ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A. date B. lock C. wallpaper D. language 6.( 24·江西）I like acting and I’m in the ________ group at school. A. theater B. chess C. speech D. ping-pong 7.( 24·江苏扬州）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A. stages B. advantages C. messages D. passages 9.( 24·江苏镇江）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A. habit B. present C. victory D. dream 10. （24·山东滨州）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11.（24·山东滨州）—On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _________. A. method B. energy C. height D. industry 12.( 24·山东东营口）—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A. meals B. exams C. sleep D. exercise 13. Tom and Tim have some ________ and ________. A. tomatos; chicken B. tomatoes; chickens C. tomatoes; chicken D. tomatos; chickens 14.This is ______ bedroom. They both like it very much. A. Mary and Helen B. Mary's and Helen's C. Mary's and Helen D. Mary and Helen's 15. I don’t know ________ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some ________? A. what to talk, advice B. what to say, advice C. how to talk, advices D. how to say, advices 16. I don’t want to use your pen. I want to use ________. A. somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C. somebody else D. somebody’s else’s 17. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _________. A. two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time 18. —________ is it from our school to the subway station? —It’s about ________ walk. A. How far; ten minutes B. How far; ten minutes’ C. How long; ten minutes D. How long; ten minutes’ 19. Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class. A. any student’s B. any other student C. anyone else D. any other student’s 20. —Whose bikes are these? —They are ________. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy 21. —I hear some ________ will go to your school. —Yes. Some teachers from ________ will get here this afternoon. A. Germans; Germany B. Germen; Germany C. Germans; German 22. (2023·武汉) —Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team. —His height gives him a big ________. A. situation B. challenge C. achievement D. advantage 23. (2023·湖北荆州) —What can you learn from Journey to the West? —I learn that we should have enough _______ to overcome the difficulties in our life. A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement 24. (2023·江苏扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou? —I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________! A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research 25. (2023·安徽)The proper ________ of your spare time will make your life colorful. A. date B. use C. name D. cause 26. (2023·沈阳) Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ________. A. scientist B. painter C. musician D. writer 27. (2023·长春)John Smith often looks through the news about _______ to know what’s on in the cinema. A. films B. music C. books D. weather 28. (2023·山东滨州) —What’s your secret of writing so well? —I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child. A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence 29.—I have in learning English and I'm so worried. Could you help me with it? —Sure, I'd love to. A. joy B. interest C. trouble D. fun 30. —Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report? —I'm not sure. Maybe I need to read some ________ about it before writing. A. reasons B. rewards C. results D. reviews 31. Peter is interested in reading books about animals and plants. He has a real ______ of animals， birds and flowers. A. courage B. knowledge C. energy D. experience 32. A sudden windfall， which makes a man get rich quickly， may break the balance of a person's life. "Windfall" in the sentence means ______. A. advantage B. discovery C. agreement D. wealth 33. To spread our traditional culture，many teenagers came up with new .For example，Suansuan，a college student，has posted over 50 videos on Bilibili to show her love for our culture. A. methods B. messages C. meanings D. medicines 34. The little girl has such a good ______ that she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school. A. experience B. suggestion C. collection D. memory 35. ﹣Have you been to Harry's __________ yet？ ﹣Yes. I couldn't help singing and dancing along with him. A. report B. concert C. class D. speech 36. If you don't know how to fix the machine， just follow the______. A. introductions B. resolutions C. predictions D. instructions 37.Though Zhong Nanshan is in his eighties， he makes great __________ to the medical development. I can't agree more. He is my hero. A. celebration B. conversation C. contribution D. collection 38. I've come to the ______ that Lydia is the right person to make friends with. She is friendly，helpful and honest. A. information B. direction C. conclusion D. invitation 39. We need courage to face the ________，so be brave enough! A. spirit B. ability C. wealth D. difficulty 40. Spending more time together helps to improve the ________ between parents and kids. A. environment B. relationship C. preparation D. activities 41. Although the match is moving in an unexpected_____，our team will win finally，I believe. A. instruction B. introduction C. position D. direction 42. Paul keeps doing sports every day，so he is always full of . A. change B. knowledge C. energy D. courage 43.The Queqiao satellite （卫星） has been a ________ bridge between the Earth and the Moon. A. competition B. contribution C. celebration D. communication 44. At the beginning of his first class，Mr. Wang gave us a general ________ about chemistry. A. attention B. conversation C. direction D. introduction 45. To tell you the truth， I don't want to join in the singing competition. Come on. You just need more practice to build up your . A. challenge B. confidence C. development D. energy 46. If you go to ________ Britain, don’t forget to visit ________ British Museum. It’s a 30-minute bus ride from ________ River Thames. A. the; /; / B. the; the; / C. /; /; the D. /; the; the 47.Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 48. —There is ________ uniform in the soccer club. —Is ________ uniform Bob’s? A. a; the B. an; the C. an; an D. the; an 49. I’ve had ______ bad headache all day, so I think I’ll go to ______ bed early. A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. 不填；不填 D. a; the 50. ---How do you go to ________ work? ---I usually take _________ bus. A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; ／ 51. Tom likes playing _______ piano while Tim likes playing ________ football. A. the ...the B. / ...the C. the .../ D. / .../ 52. I have _________European pen friend, and he likes playing ________guitar. A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the 53.You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability 54. Beijing Opera is an important part of Chinese ________. A. culture B. invention C. condition D. introduction 55. —Is this photo taken in Tibet？ —Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in the of the photo. A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction 56. In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language. A. information B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication 57.The sun gives out light and . Without the sun, there will be no life on the earth. A. temperature B. beauty C. heat D. peace 58. —We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology. —Hard to believe! Scientists are full of 　 　which leads to great changes in our life.  A. attraction B. invention C. position D. contribution 59. —What’s the _________ of Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022? —Together for a Shared Future! A. plan B. symbol C. theme D. sport 60. Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of _______. A. achievement B. agreement C. development D. entertainment 61. ——Tu You you received the Nobel Prize for her________ of anemisinin(青蒿素). ——And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science. A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery 62. —What's the ________of traveling by bike? —It can save money，keep us healthy and does not pollute the air. A. purpose B. suggestion C. advantage D. knowledge 63.—Boys and girls, please follow my _______ when you are in the lab. —OK, Miss Wang. A. conversations B. licenses C. instruction D. habits 64. From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city. A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation 65.— She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition. — I’m proud of her. I wish her a great . A. speed B. method C. pressure D. success 66.-It's dangerous to drive after drinking. -That's true. It can increase the ______ of traffic accidents. A. advantage B. stress C. safety D. risk 67. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your_______ , you must keep moving. A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability 68. — They gave their different ___________ on your new plan last night. What do you think of them? —Most of them are practical, and I’d like to accept them. A. reasons B. comments C. results D. excuse 69. — What do you want to be in the future? —I want to be a ___________ because I want to show people the most popular clothes. A. host B. model C. writer D. modern 70. In 2023, according to the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST), more than10 percent of Chinese citizens(公民) have basic(基本的) scientific knowledge, a(n) ________ from 8.2 percent in 2022. A. improve B. number C. result D. increase 71.If you want to take __________short ride in the city, choose __________shared bike. A. a;／ B. the; the C. a; a D. ／; a 72.Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in east of China. A. an B. / C. the D. a 73.Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / 74.- Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday? - OK. Let's add it to _____________ weekend plan. A. a B. an C. the D. ／ 75. I like playing ________ piano, but Jerry likes playing ________ football. A. the; a B. the; / C. /; the D. a; an 【能力提升】 A语法填空 In the middle (1)________ my home country there are very large places. They are hot and dry (2)________ (land) called deserts. All over the deserts are farms and small towns. Families live a long way from other people. Sometimes they are the only people for thousands of kilometres. These (3)________ (family) children cannot go to school like you. About 65 years ago, these people found that using strong (4)_________ (radio) was a possible way for families living far away to communicate with each other. What about using them for school? In this way, children could talk to each other like at school. This was how the first “School of the Air” started. The children each spent about thirty (5)_________ (minute) a day on the radio. They talked to their teacher about their work and difficulties. The teacher designed some (6)_________ (exercise) and tasks based on what they learned and posted them to the children. After finishing their work, the children sent it back to their teacher to mark. The teacher also travelled around the country. He tried to visit each child twice each year. This was sometimes difficult. The journey was very long and could be dangerous. In addition, the school held camps once a year. The children could all meet each other and shared their learning (7)________ (experience). With the (8)_________ (develop) of technology, computers are becoming popular. The government provides families with computers so that the children can use the Internet to talk to their teachers and classmates by (9)__________ (e-mail) now. The teachers enjoy their work very much because they get to know the children and their families very well. It is (10)_________ interesting way to learn, don’t you think? B 完形填空（24·河南） Last night, Frank had a dream about the coming math test, which troubled him very much these days. So he was in a 1 mood (心情) when he woke up. Uncle Robin once told Frank about “white noise”—noise made by a fan or soft rain is a (n) 2 of white noise. Frank had tried it and it really worked! After that, whenever he felt worried about something, he would 3 white noise with his headphones. With the 4 of the math test still in his mind, Frank went to get his headphones. He 5 he had left them on his desk, but they were gone. His little brother Andy was always 6 his things—without asking. He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in 7 . “Where are my headphones? You can’t just take my things! Or I’ll take yours!” He grabbed (抓起) one of his brother’s toys and 8 it on the ground, breaking it into two pieces. Andy started to 9 , and Frank stormed out, feeling better. Frank’s mom heard the shouting and went into Andy’s room. “Hey,” she said 10 , “stop for a second and tell me how you’re feeling.” Mom never shouted. Frank knew that she thought it was better to talk about 11 instead of getting angry. “He always does this, Mom!” Frank shouted. “I’ll have a math test…and…and I had a bad dream …” Frank 12 shouting. In a calm (平静的) voice, he said, “I 13 what I did was bad. I’m sorry, Andy. I really get mad 14 you take things without asking, but breaking your toy wasn’t 15 . I will buy you a new one.” Frank’s mom said, “Well done, Frank, and, Andy, ask first next time, OK?” “OK, I’m sorry too,” said Andy and they all smiled. 1. A. bad B. cheerful C. playful D. strange 2. A. list B. gift C. example D. introduction 3. A. talk about B. listen to C. turn down D. wait for 4. A. results B. thoughts C. prizes D. purposes 5. A. expected B. decided C. discovered D. remembered 6. A. repairing B. cleaning C. breaking D. borrowing 7. A. anger B. fear C. shame D. surprise 8. A. tied B. burnt C. threw D. placed 9. A. cry B. rest C. help D. share 10. A. sadly B. shyly C. softly D. bravely 11. A. dreams B. habits C. choices D. feelings 12. A. kept B. stopped C. enjoyed D. practiced 13. A. wish B. know C. hear D. promise 14. A. unless B. before C. when D. though 15. A. right B. easy C. enough D. crazy 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$