第06讲 主谓一致-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第06讲 主谓一致 目录 考情透视·目标导航 1 知识导图·思维引航 2 考点突破·考法探究 2 考点一 主谓一致的原则 2 1. 语法一致原则 2 2. 意义一致原则 3 3. 就近原则 3 考点二 主谓一致的应用 3 1. 谓语动词用单数的情况 3 2. 谓语动词用复数的情况 4 3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 5 分层训练·巩固提升 7 【基础巩固】 7 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 考点一 主谓一致的原则 1. 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. · A sad movie makes me cry. · Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 2. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 · The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级） · Generally speaking, the disable need more help. · Someone is knocking at the door. 3. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 · There is an apple and two pears on the table. · There are two pears and an apple on the table. 考点二 主谓一致的应用 1. 谓语动词用单数的情况 (1) 不可数名词作主语时 · Water is very important for humans. · Knowledge is power. · Happiness lies first of all in health. (2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 · Eight hours of sleep is enough . · Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson. · Ten kilometers is a long distance. (3) 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 · Each of the students has a dictionary. · Either is good enough for me. · Neither of the books is useful to him. · No man is born wise. (4) 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 · Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. · I think that something interesting is going to happen. · Everybody deserves a chance. · Nothing is more important than health. (5) 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 · Very little has been done about it. · Much of the time was wasted. · Much water is needed in this place. (6) 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 · Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. · More than one chair is in the room. · One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl. (7) “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 · One of these notebooks is mine. · The number of the members in the swimming club is 50. (8) 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 · Physics is not his strong point. · China is a developing country. · Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read. · The United Nations was formed in 1945. 2. 谓语动词用复数的情况 (1) 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时 · Both of my sisters are teachers. · A few vegetables were left. · Several of the grapes are bad. (2) “the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时 · The young are full of energy. (3) “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时 · The Smiths were watching TV this time last night. (4) 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时 · The Olympic Games are held once every four years. · The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. (5) 只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时 · These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends. · Police are hunting the criminal. 3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 (1) 主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时 1　 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数 · His family has moved into the new house. · The public was convinced of his innocence. · There was a big audience at the evening party. 2　 看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数 · The class are busy cleaning the classroom. · The audience were deeply moved by the plot. · My family are waiting for me. (2) 主语为all, any, some, most, enough, half或由其所修饰时 1　 主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 · All of the players want to win the game. · I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie. · Some of the women have long curly black hair. 2　 主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 · All of the work has been finished. · Most of the food tastes delicious. · Half of the land is covered by grass. (3) 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定 · The rest of the food is eaten by him. · The rest of the students are staying at the classroom. · Two thirds of the members are girls. · More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow. (4) 主语为none时 1　 表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 · She tried ten hats, but none were suited her. · None have arrived here yet. 2　 表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 · We need to buy some milk, because none is left. · None is as tall as Tom. (5) 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时 1　 前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式； · My glasses are broken. · His trousers have worn out. · The scissors aren’t sharp. 2　 若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 · A pair of pants is on his bed. · Three pairs of trousers are enough. (6) and连接并列主语时 1　 并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数 · Lily and Grace are good friends. · A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday. 2　 并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数 · A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon. · The singer and dancer is popular among the young people. · Bread and butter is his favorite food. (7) “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · There is a bank and two shops on this road. · There are two shops and a bank on this road. (8) 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday. · Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday. (9) 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 · My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. · I as well as my sister am good at English. · His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. (10) 非谓语动词作主语 1　 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 · Listening to music is a way too relax myself. · To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 2　 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用 复数 · To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. · To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. (11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 1　 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数 · I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. · The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. 2　 “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名 词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数 · Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. · Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 【基础巩固】 一、单项选择 1. There ________ any eggs in the kitchen. I need to buy some. A. are B. aren’t C. is D. isn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：厨房里没有鸡蛋了。我需要买一些。考查主谓一致。are是，主语是you或复数形式；aren’t不是，主语是you或复数形式；is是，主语是第三人称单数形式；isn’t不是，主语是第三人称单数形式。此处是there be结构，遵循就近原则；根据“I need to buy some.”可知，本句是否定句，主语是复数形式，谓语用复数形式，因此用aren’t。故选B。 2. —I am so thirsty. Can I have _______ to drink? —There _______ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it? A. something; is a little B. anything; are some C. anything; is some D. something; are a few 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我好渴。我能喝点什么吗？——冰箱里有一点苹果汁。你想要吗？考查不定代词和主谓一致。something一些东西，通常用于肯定句中或表示希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中；anything任何东西，通常用于否定句或者疑问句中；a little一些，接不可数名词；are是，复数；is是，单数；some一些；a few一些，接可数名词。根据“I am so thirsty. Can I have”可知，第一个设空处是希望得到肯定答复的问句，填something；第二个设空处后“apple juice”是不可数名词，结合“Do you want it?”可知，是有一些苹果汁，设空处前是“There”，遵循就近原则，填is。故选A。 3. Not just I but Tom and Mary ________ fond of watching television. A. am B. is C. are D. was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：不仅是我，汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。考查主谓一致。根据“Not just I but Tom and Mary…fond of watching television.”可知，句子中“not just…but also”，意为：不仅……而且……。这个结构连接了两个名词或代词作为并列主语时，谓语动词应该与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，“Tom and Mary”是靠近谓语动词的主语，句子谓语动词应该用复数形式“are”。故选C。 4. —What are you going to do this weekend? —I along with my classmates ________ going to climb Mount Guiqing. A. were B. are C. am D. was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这个周末你打算做什么？——我和我的同学们要去爬贵青山。考查主谓一致。along with连接前后两个主语时，使用的是就远原则，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。I对应的be动词是am。故选C。 5. Neither she nor I _________ there last week. A. was B. were C. am D. are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她和我上周都不在那里。考查主谓一致及时态。根据“last week”可知，时态用一般过去时，排除C、D选项；neither ... nor连接的并列主语，谓语需遵循“就近原则”，就近的主语是I，因此be用was。故选A。 6. My cousin and I often _________ on Sundays. A. play football B. play the football C. plays the football D. plays football 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我的表哥和我经常在每个周日踢足球。考查一般现在时和冠词。句子为一般现在时，根据主语“My cousin and I”可知，谓语动词用原形，先排除CD；football表示“足球”，球类前不加冠词。故选A。 7. Millie’s hair ________ short, but her sister ________ long hair. A. is; has B. are; have C. are; has D. is; have 【答案】A 【解析】句意：米莉的头发是短的，但她姐姐有长发。考查谓语。is是，be动词的三单形式；are是；has有，动词第三人称单数形式；have有，动词原形。根据“Millie’s hair...short”是“主系表”结构，short是形容词，所以空处用be动词，主语是不可数名词hair，be动词用is；根据“her sister...long hair”可知是“主谓宾”结构，空处缺少谓语动词，主语是第三人称单数her sister，所以谓语动词用三单形式，has符合语境。故选A。 8. ________ people prefer HUAWEI smart-phones, and about ________ of them are grown-ups. A. A number of; four fifth B. A number of; four fifths C. The number of; four fifths D. The number of; four fifth 【答案】B 【解析】句意：许多人更喜欢华为智能手机，其中大约五分之四的人是成年人。考查词义辨析和分数表达。a number of许多，大量，谓语动词用复数；the number of……的数量，谓语动词用单数。根据“people prefer HUAWEI phones”可知，此处指的是许多人，用a number of，排除C和D；分数的表达中分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，序数词要用复数，4/5的表示方法为four fifths。故选B。 9. There ________ a few glasses on the desk and there ________ some water in each of them. A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. is; is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：桌子上有几个杯子，每个杯子里都有一些水。考查there be句型。前句主语“a few glasses”表示复数概念，be动词应用are；后句主语“some water”为不可数名词，be动词应用is。故选A。 10. ________ my father ________ my mother wants to go to the concert with me, so I am going to buy three tickets. A. Neither; nor B. Both; and C. Not only; but also D. Either; or 【答案】C 【解析】句意：不仅我爸爸，我妈妈也想和我一起去音乐会，所以我打算买三张票。考查连词辨析。neither…nor…既不……也不……；both...and...两者都；not only…but also…不但……而且……；either…or…或者……或者……。根据“so I am going to buy three tickets”可知，爸爸和妈妈都想和我一起去音乐会，排除A、D项。both...and...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式‌，而句中的“wants”是第三人称单数，排除B项。not only...but also...遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词的数与离它最近的主语保持一致，符合题意。故选C。 11. ________ the teachers in their school is 208 and one fifth of them are ________ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他们学校的教师人数为208人，其中五分之一是女教师。考查主谓一致和复合名词复数。a number of表示“许多的”，后跟名词复数时谓语用复数；the number of表示“……的数量”，后跟名词复数时谓语用单数。根据“is”可知，用the number of；第二空根据“one fifth of them are”可知，是指女教师，此处表示复数，woman也用复数形式。故选C。 12. This pair of boots_______ me very well, but they______ over 400 yuan. I don’t have enough money for them, A. fit; spend B. fits; cost C. matches; take D. match; cost 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这双靴子很适合我，但是它们花费400多元，我没有足够的钱买它们。考查动词辨析。fit适合，spend花费；cost花费；match搭配；take拿；句中“this pair of”这双，后接名词复数，谓语用单数，排除A、D。固定短语sth. fit sb.表示“某物适合某人”，排除C。sth. cost sb.+金钱，表示“某物花费某人多少钱”。故选B。 13. —I hear ________ your grandpa ________ your grandma enjoy watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do. A. either; or B. between; and C. both; and D. neither; nor 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我听说你爷爷和奶奶都喜欢看京剧。——对，就像许多老年人一样。考查连词辨析。either ... or或者……或者……；between...and...在两者之间；both...and...两者都；neither ... nor既不……也不……。根据“just as many old people do.”可知，此处表示爷爷和奶奶都喜欢看京剧。用both...and...连接并列主语。故选C。 14. Not only the twins but also Sandy always ________ and they are ________ students in our class. A. works hard; the most hard-working B. works hard; the hardest C. hard work; the most hard-working D. hard work; the hardest 【答案】A 【解析】句意：不仅是双胞胎，而且桑迪总是努力学习，他们是我们班最努力的学生。考查短语辨析和形容词最高级。works hard努力工作，动词短语；hard work努力工作，名词短语；the most hard-working最努力的；the hardest最困难的。根据“Not only the twins but also Sandy always ...”可知，此句缺少谓语动词，不能用hard work，排除CD选项；再根据“Not only the twins but also Sandy always works hard”可知，第二空应用hard-working的最高级，表示“他们是班上最努力的学生”。故选A。 15. —Who __________ sport in your family? —My father and I __________. A. like; like B. likes; likes C. like; are D. likes; do 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你家谁喜欢运动？——我父亲和我都喜欢。考查主谓一致。根据“Who”可知，Who作主语，此处谓语动词使用三单形式，排除A、C，“My father and I”为主语，谓语动词用原形，第二空使用助动词do代替like。故选D。 16. I will go to Wuxi Museum. The works ________ art there ________ great. A. of; is B. of; are C. for; are D. for; is 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我要去无锡博物馆。那里的艺术品很好。考查介词短语和主谓一致。根据“The works…art”可知第一空应用“of”，works of art“艺术品”，排除选项C和D；主语“The works of art”是复数，be动词应用“are”。故选B。 17. —Dad, I want to have a computer and a camera. —You can have ________ a computer ________ a camera. We don’t have enough money for both. A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also D. both; and 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——爸爸，我想要一台电脑和一架相机。——你可以在电脑和相机中选一个。我们没有足够的钱买两个。考查连词辨析。neither...nor...两者都不；either...or...或者……或者……；not only...but also...不仅……而且……；both...and...两者都。根据“We don’t have enough money for both.”可知爸爸的回答是不能两个都买，那前面就是在电脑和相机中选一个，“either...or...”符合题意。故选B。 18. Liam, my little son, can ________ swim ________ skate. He’s going to have some training this summer vacation. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的小儿子利亚姆既不会游泳也不会滑冰。今年暑假他将接受一些训练。考查连词辨析。both...and...……和……都；either...or...要么……要么……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；not only...but also...不仅……而且……。根据“He’s going to have some training this summer vacation.”可知，利亚姆是既不会游泳也不会滑冰，故选C。 19. —Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —Either. ________ tea ________ coffee are my favourites. A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Either; or 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——茶和咖啡，你更喜欢哪一个？——两者中的任何一个。茶和咖啡都是我的最爱。考查连词辨析。not only...but also不但……而且；both...and两者都；neither...nor两者都不；either...or要么……要么。根据“Either”可知茶和咖啡都可以，可见喜欢茶和咖啡，根据“are”可知此处用both...and连接。故选B。 20. Mr Wang together with his two sons ________early every morning. A. practise running B. practice to run C. practises running D. practises to run 【答案】C 【解析】句意：王先生和他的两个儿子每天早晨都练习跑步。考查主谓一致和动词短语。practise doing sth“练习做某事”，根据“Mr Wang together with his two sons…early every morning.”可知，此处指的是当“together with”两个主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致。句子时态为一般现在时，Mr Wang“王先生”，第三人称作主语，谓语动词应为三单形式，且practise doing sth“练习做某事”，固定短语，符合语境。故选C。 21. Tom, as well as his parents, ________ to the park every Sunday. A. go B. goes C. has gone 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆和他的父母每个星期天都去公园。考查时态和主谓一致。根据“every Sunday”可知，句子用一般现在时，as well as连接的成分作主语时，遵循就远原则，根据“Tom”可知，谓语动词用单三。故选B。 22. Everyone except Tom and Mike London before. A. has gone to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has been to 【答案】D 【解析】句意：除了汤姆和迈克之外，每个人都曾经去过伦敦。考查现在完成时和主谓一致。have been to去过（已回来）；have gone to去了（还未回来）。根据“before”可知，已经回来，用结构have been to；根据“Everyone except Tom and Mike”可知，此处except连接的成分作主语时，遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词和Everyone保持一致，助动词用has。故选D。 23. —Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A. were saved B. was saved C. have saved D. has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机在内都获救了。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。由题干中的“Have you heard...”可知，事故发生在过去，且 “车上所有的人”和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done，主语“all on board including the driver”遵循就远原则，所以助动词用were；故选A。 24. No news ________ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be 【答案】C 【解析】句意：没有消息就是好消息。考查主谓一致。am是，用于主语是第一人称单数现在时；are是，用于主语第二人称以及复数的现在时；is是，用于主语是第三人称单数或者不可数名词的现在时；be是。本题是一句谚语，用一般现在时，主语中“news新闻，消息”是不可数名词，所以be动词用is。故选C。 25. Physics ______ my favorite while politics ______ her favorite. A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are 【答案】A 【解析】句意：物理是我最喜欢的，而政治是她最喜欢的。考查主谓一致。学科名词做主语，谓语用单数形式is。故选A。 26. How time flies! Ten years ________ since I ________ the army. A. have passed; joined in B. passed; have joined C. has passed; joined D. passed; joined 【答案】C 【解析】句意：时间过得真快！我参军已经十年了。考查主谓一致及动词时态。此处是含since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，主句用现在完成时，结构是have/has done，从句为一般过去时，故排除B、D两项。Ten years表时间，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故用助动词has。故选C。 27. 30, 000 dollars_______ a lot of money, but it's_______ than we need. A. is; far more B. are; very much C. is; far less D. are; very little 【答案】C 【解析】从横线后的than可以推出本空中应该选择形容词的比较级，因而排除BD选项。然后根据句意，前句中提到三万美元是很大一笔钱了，但后句中有一个but表明，这些还是不够的。应该选less。本题中far是修饰比较级的，表示远远不够的.故选C 考点：考查主谓一致及比较级。 28. My family __________ a big one. My family __________ all here. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的家庭很大。我的家人都在这里。考查主谓一致。第一空，根据“My family...a big one.”可知此处family意为“家庭”，看作一个整体，be动词使用is；第二空，根据“My family...all here.”可知此处family意为“家人”，be动词应用are。故选B。 29. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion now. And it is becoming larger and larger. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【解析】句意：中国的人口现已超13亿。现在这个数量正在变得越来越大。考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据“now”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，population“人口”作主语，be动词要用单数形式is。故选A。 30. It’s 1:30 pm now. Half the class ________ in class one. A. is sing B. is singing C. are singing D. sings 【答案】C 【解析】句意：现在是下午一点半。一半的同学在一班唱歌。考查现在进行时和主谓一致。is sing结构错误；is singing现在进行时；are singing现在进行时；sings一般现在时。根据“1:30 pm now”可知，时态为现在进行时，排除选项A和D；主语Half the class中class是集体名词，此处指“班里的同学们”，因此be动词用复数。故选C。 31. I have some money, and I think 29 yuan ________ enough. A. be B. are C. is D. am 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我有一些钱，我想29元足够了。考查be动词。金钱“29 yuan”作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故选C。 32. Every summer the Greens __________ fishing in their hometown. A. go B. have gone C. went D. goes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：每年夏天格林一家都会回他们老家钓鱼。考查动词时态。根据“Every summer”可知，是表示经常发生的动作或习惯，因此用一般现在时；the Greens表示“格林一家人”，是复数形式，谓语动词应动词原形，故选A。 33. The new couple ________for two weeks. A. have married B. has been married C. have been married D. got married 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这对新人已经结婚两周了。考查现在完成时及主谓一致。根据关键词for two weeks可知，本句时态为现在完成时，即have/has+过去分词，故排除D选项；主语 The new couple表复数概念，应用助动词have，故排除B选项；marry为瞬间性动词，当与时间段连用时，要转化为延续性动词be married，故排除A选项，故此处应为have been married。故选C。 34. Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A. is; isn’t B. are; aren’t C. is; are D. are; is 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们学校的篮球队在篮球比赛中进入了决赛。另一支来自第五中学的队员们表现也很好。考查be动词和集体名词的主谓一致。分析第一处可知，此处表示“球队”的含义，指单数整体，所以be动词使用is；根据“doing very well too”可知，表现好的是队员而不是无生命的球队，所以第二处表示“队员”，指复数概念，又根据“too”可知，此处表示肯定含义“表现得好”。故选C。 35. The police searching the shops on both sides of the street any possible clues. A. are; for B. are; with C. is; for D. is; with 【答案】A 【解析】句意：警察们正在为任何可能的线索搜查街道两边的商店。根据句意及题干分析第一空主语是集合名词The police，所以谓语动词要用复数are；第二空“为……搜查……”是search...for...，故选A。 考点：考查主谓一致和介词的用法 36. —The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live. —Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay. A. is; offer B. are; give C. are; provide D. is; afford 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——无家可归的人如此的穷，以至于他们没地方住。——的确，但是让我们高兴的是，当地政府能够给他们提供特殊的住处。考查主谓一致和动词辨析。offer提供；give给；provide提供；afford付得起。the homeless表示所有无家可归的人，表复数概念，因此be动词用are；排除A和D；provide sb with sth表示“提供某人某物”。故选C。 37. The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】句意：近年来，在习主席的领导下，我国的穷人越来越少。考查主谓一致。根据题干可知“the+形容词”表示一类人，作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和句意可知近年来，中国的穷人越来越少，故时态用现在进行时，所以填are。故选B。 38. The fish ______ for some time. You’d better cook them at once. A. have been dead B. has died C. have died D. has been dead 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这些鱼已经死了一段时间了。你最好马上煮了它们。考查现在完成时。根据“for some time”可知动词应用延续性动词，而die“死亡”是非延续性动词，排除BC；根据“cook them”可知此处“The fish”是复数，助动词用have。故选A。 39. —This pair of shoes ________ my trousers. May I ________? —OK, here you are. A. match; try it on B. matches; try it on C. matches; try them on D. match; try on them 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这双鞋和我的裤子很相配。我可以试穿一下吗？——好的，给你。考查主谓一致和代词辨析。第一个句子的主语是This pair of shoes，谓语动词用单三，排除A、D；第二个空指的是“试穿这双鞋子”，应用代词them指代shoes。故选C。 40. —Here ________ a pair of shoes. —Yes. And the shoes ________ yellow. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这是一双鞋。——对。鞋子是黄色的。考查主谓一致。are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式。根据第一个空空后的“a pair of shoes”可知，此处用is；根据第二个空空前的“the shoes”可知，此处用are。故选C。 41. Most of the shoes in the store ________ on sale and this pair of shoes ________ very cheap. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. has; is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：商店里大部分的鞋都在打折，这双鞋很便宜。考查主谓一致。两处均使用be动词作谓语，第一处“Most of the shoes”作主语，所以选are，排除CD；第二处“this pair of shoes”作主语，是一个整体，故谓语动词使用单数is。故选A。 42. ________ Linda ________ Mary ________ good friends. A. Both; of; is B. Both; and; is C. Both; of; are D. Both; and; are 【答案】D 【解析】句意：琳达和玛丽是好朋友。考查并列连词及主谓一致。both...and...“……和……”，连接两部分作主语时，be动词用复数形式，both of“两者都”，后接宾格。此处应用both...and...连接，be动词用are，故选D。 43. Doing eye ________ a good way to keep your eyes healthy. A. exercise is B. exercise are C. exercises is D. exercises are 【答案】C 【解析】句意：做眼保健操是保持眼睛健康的好方法。考查名词的用法和主谓一致。exercise泛指一般的身体活动时，为不可数名词，在指具体的体操动作或具体练习题时，为可数名词，常用复数形式，此处指做眼保健操，要用复数形式，do eye exercises“做眼保健操”；单个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选C。 44. There are two roads, and either________ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 【答案】D 【解析】句意：有两条路，其中一条通向车站。考查动词时态及主谓一致。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时，代词either作主语，谓语动词用其单三形式。故选D。 45. Everyone except Mary and Lily ________ there when the meeting began. A. is B. are C. were D. was 【答案】D 【解析】句意：会议开始时，除了玛丽和莉莉以外，所有人都在那里。考查be动词和一般过去时。根据“Everyone except Mary and Lily...there”可知，主语是不定代词“Everyone”，be动词应用单数形式，故排除选项B和C；结合“when the meeting began”，可知句子用一般过去时，be动词应用was。故选D。 46. You can see ______ of students in our the class ______ glasses. A. 80 percents; wear B. 80 percent; wears C. 80 percents; wears D. 80 percent; wear 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你可以看到我们班80%的学生戴眼镜。考查主谓一致。percent没有复数形式，因此应使用percent而不是percents；句子的主语是students，谓语动词用动词原形wear。故选D。 47. ________ of the students in our class ________ money to the disabled people these days. A. Two thirds; have raised B. Two third; has raised C. Two three; have raised D. Two thirds; has raised 【答案】A 【解析】句意：最近，我们班三分之二的学生为残疾人募捐。考查分数的表达和主谓一致。分数的表达方式：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于1时，分母要用复数，三分之二为two thirds，排除BC；当分数作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词单复数保持一致，根据“the students”可知助动词用have。故选A。 48. My family ________ big and my family ________ watching TV. A. is; likes B. are; like C. is; like D. are; likes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我有一个大家庭，我的家人喜欢看电视。考查动词。该句陈述事实，为一般现在时。family作“家庭”讲时是单数，所以第一空用is；family作“家人”讲时是复数，第二空应用动词原形like。故选C。 49. —Here is some ________. Would you like to have some? —Yes, please. A. bread B. hamburgers C. strawberries D. apples 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这是一些面包。你想来点吗？——是的，请。 考查名词辨析。bread面包；hamburgers汉堡包；strawberries草莓；apples苹果。根据“Here is some”可知是here be句型，遵循“就近原则”，设空处应该是不可数名词或可数名词单数，只有选项A符合题意。故选A。 50. This pair of red gloves ________. How much ________? A. feel soft; is it B. feels softly; are they C. feels soft; are they D. feel softly; is it 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这副红手套摸起来很软。它们多少钱？考查主谓一致及形容词用法。第一空主语This pair of 为单数，谓语动词用三单形式，feel的三单形式为feels，系动词后面加形容词soft“柔软的”；第二空询问手套多少钱，指代两只手套为复数，用they指代，be动词用are。故选C。 51. —Sir, how many bananas do you need? —Three pounds ________ OK. A. are B. were C. is D. was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——先生，您需要多少香蕉？——三磅就可以了。考查主谓一致。表示金钱、时间、距离、长度等的复数名词作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。句中主语是“Three pounds”，be动词应该用单数，时态为一般现在时，系动词用is，故选C。 52. The number of teachers in our school _____ small and a large number of them ______ women teachers. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is, is 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们学校的教师人数很少，其中大部分是女教师。考查主谓一致。根据“The number of teachers”可知，此处表示“……的数量”，the number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第一空be动词用is；根据“a large number of them”可知，此处表示“大量的……”，a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，因此第二空be动词用are。故选C。 53. Everyone except Tom and Mike ________ Wuxi before. A. has gone to B. have been to C. has been to D. have gone to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：除了汤姆和迈克，每个人都去过无锡。考查现在完成时以及主谓一致。have been to去过（已回来）；have gone to去了（还未回来）。根据“before”可知已经回来，用结构have been to；根据“Everyone except Tom and Mike”可知此处except连接的成分作主语时，遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词和Everyone保持一致，助动词用has。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第06讲 主谓一致 目录 考情透视·目标导航 1 知识导图·思维引航 2 考点突破·考法探究 2 考点一 主谓一致的原则 2 1. 语法一致原则 2 2. 意义一致原则 2 3. 就近原则 3 考点二 主谓一致的应用 3 1. 谓语动词用单数的情况 3 2. 谓语动词用复数的情况 4 3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 5 分层训练·巩固提升 7 【基础巩固】 7 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 考点一 主谓一致的原则 1. 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. · A sad movie makes me cry. · Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 2. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 · The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级） · Generally speaking, the disable need more help. · Someone is knocking at the door. 3. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 · There is an apple and two pears on the table. · There are two pears and an apple on the table. 考点二 主谓一致的应用 1. 谓语动词用单数的情况 (1) 不可数名词作主语时 · Water is very important for humans. · Knowledge is power. · Happiness lies first of all in health. (2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 · Eight hours of sleep is enough . · Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson. · Ten kilometers is a long distance. (3) 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 · Each of the students has a dictionary. · Either is good enough for me. · Neither of the books is useful to him. · No man is born wise. (4) 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 · Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. · I think that something interesting is going to happen. · Everybody deserves a chance. · Nothing is more important than health. (5) 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 · Very little has been done about it. · Much of the time was wasted. · Much water is needed in this place. (6) 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 · Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. · More than one chair is in the room. · One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl. (7) “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 · One of these notebooks is mine. · The number of the members in the swimming club is 50. (8) 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 · Physics is not his strong point. · China is a developing country. · Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read. · The United Nations was formed in 1945. 2. 谓语动词用复数的情况 (1) 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时 · Both of my sisters are teachers. · A few vegetables were left. · Several of the grapes are bad. (2) “the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时 · The young are full of energy. (3) “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时 · The Smiths were watching TV this time last night. (4) 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时 · The Olympic Games are held once every four years. · The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. (5) 只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时 · These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends. · Police are hunting the criminal. 3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 (1) 主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时 1　 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数 · His family has moved into the new house. · The public was convinced of his innocence. · There was a big audience at the evening party. 2　 看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数 · The class are busy cleaning the classroom. · The audience were deeply moved by the plot. · My family are waiting for me. (2) 主语为all, any, some, most, enough, half或由其所修饰时 1　 主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 · All of the players want to win the game. · I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie. · Some of the women have long curly black hair. 2　 主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 · All of the work has been finished. · Most of the food tastes delicious. · Half of the land is covered by grass. (3) 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定 · The rest of the food is eaten by him. · The rest of the students are staying at the classroom. · Two thirds of the members are girls. · More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow. (4) 主语为none时 1　 表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 · She tried ten hats, but none were suited her. · None have arrived here yet. 2　 表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 · We need to buy some milk, because none is left. · None is as tall as Tom. (5) 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时 1　 前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式； · My glasses are broken. · His trousers have worn out. · The scissors aren’t sharp. 2　 若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 · A pair of pants is on his bed. · Three pairs of trousers are enough. (6) and连接并列主语时 1　 并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数 · Lily and Grace are good friends. · A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday. 2　 并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数 · A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon. · The singer and dancer is popular among the young people. · Bread and butter is his favorite food. (7) “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · There is a bank and two shops on this road. · There are two shops and a bank on this road. (8) 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday. · Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday. (9) 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 · My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. · I as well as my sister am good at English. · His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. (10) 非谓语动词作主语 1　 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 · Listening to music is a way too relax myself. · To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 2　 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用 复数 · To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. · To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. (11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 1　 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数 · I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. · The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. 2　 “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名 词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数 · Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. · Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 【基础巩固】 一、单项选择 1. There ________ any eggs in the kitchen. I need to buy some. A. are B. aren’t C. is D. isn’t 2. —I am so thirsty. Can I have _______ to drink? —There _______ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it? A. something; is a little B. anything; are some C. anything; is some D. something; are a few 3. Not just I but Tom and Mary ________ fond of watching television. A. am B. is C. are D. was 4. —What are you going to do this weekend? —I along with my classmates ________ going to climb Mount Guiqing. A. were B. are C. am D. was 5. Neither she nor I _________ there last week. A. was B. were C. am D. are 6. My cousin and I often _________ on Sundays. A. play football B. play the football C. plays the football D. plays football 7. Millie’s hair ________ short, but her sister ________ long hair. A. is; has B. are; have C. are; has D. is; have 8. ________ people prefer HUAWEI smart-phones, and about ________ of them are grown-ups. A. A number of; four fifth B. A number of; four fifths C. The number of; four fifths D. The number of; four fifth 9. There ________ a few glasses on the desk and there ________ some water in each of them. A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. is; is 10. ________ my father ________ my mother wants to go to the concert with me, so I am going to buy three tickets. A. Neither; nor B. Both; and C. Not only; but also D. Either; or 11. ________ the teachers in their school is 208 and one fifth of them are ________ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman 12. This pair of boots_______ me very well, but they______ over 400 yuan. I don’t have enough money for them, A. fit; spend B. fits; cost C. matches; take D. match; cost 13. —I hear ________ your grandpa ________ your grandma enjoy watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do. A. either; or B. between; and C. both; and D. neither; nor 14. Not only the twins but also Sandy always ________ and they are ________ students in our class. A. works hard; the most hard-working B. works hard; the hardest C. hard work; the most hard-working D. hard work; the hardest 15. —Who __________ sport in your family? —My father and I __________. A. like; like B. likes; likes C. like; are D. likes; do 16. I will go to Wuxi Museum. The works ________ art there ________ great. A. of; is B. of; are C. for; are D. for; is 17. —Dad, I want to have a computer and a camera. —You can have ________ a computer ________ a camera. We don’t have enough money for both. A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also D. both; and 18. Liam, my little son, can ________ swim ________ skate. He’s going to have some training this summer vacation. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also 19. —Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —Either. ________ tea ________ coffee are my favourites. A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Either; or 20. Mr Wang together with his two sons ________early every morning. A. practise running B. practice to run C. practises running D. practises to run 21. Tom, as well as his parents, ________ to the park every Sunday. A. go B. goes C. has gone 22. Everyone except Tom and Mike London before. A. has gone to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has been to 23. —Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A. were saved B. was saved C. have saved D. has been saved 24. No news ________ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be 25. Physics ______ my favorite while politics ______ her favorite. A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are 26. How time flies! Ten years ________ since I ________ the army. A. have passed; joined in B. passed; have joined C. has passed; joined D. passed; joined 27. 30, 000 dollars_______ a lot of money, but it's_______ than we need. A. is; far more B. are; very much C. is; far less D. are; very little 28. My family __________ a big one. My family __________ all here. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is 29. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion now. And it is becoming larger and larger. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. It’s 1:30 pm now. Half the class ________ in class one. A. is sing B. is singing C. are singing D. sings 31. I have some money, and I think 29 yuan ________ enough. A. be B. are C. is D. am 32. Every summer the Greens __________ fishing in their hometown. A. go B. have gone C. went D. goes 33. The new couple ________for two weeks. A. have married B. has been married C. have been married D. got married 34. Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A. is; isn’t B. are; aren’t C. is; are D. are; is 35. The police searching the shops on both sides of the street any possible clues. A. are; for B. are; with C. is; for D. is; with 36. —The homeless ________ so poor that they have nowhere to live. —Exactly, but to our joy, the local government can ________ them with special places to stay. A. is; offer B. are; give C. are; provide D. is; afford 37. The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A. is B. are C. was D. were 38. The fish ______ for some time. You’d better cook them at once. A. have been dead B. has died C. have died D. has been dead 39. —This pair of shoes ________ my trousers. May I ________? —OK, here you are. A. match; try it on B. matches; try it on C. matches; try them on D. match; try on them 40. —Here ________ a pair of shoes. —Yes. And the shoes ________ yellow. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 41. Most of the shoes in the store ________ on sale and this pair of shoes ________ very cheap. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. has; is 42. ________ Linda ________ Mary ________ good friends. A. Both; of; is B. Both; and; is C. Both; of; are D. Both; and; are 43. Doing eye ________ a good way to keep your eyes healthy. A. exercise is B. exercise are C. exercises is D. exercises are 44. There are two roads, and either________ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 45. Everyone except Mary and Lily ________ there when the meeting began. A. is B. are C. were D. was 46. You can see ______ of students in our the class ______ glasses. A. 80 percents; wear B. 80 percent; wears C. 80 percents; wears D. 80 percent; wear 47. ________ of the students in our class ________ money to the disabled people these days. A. Two thirds; have raised B. Two third; has raised C. Two three; have raised D. Two thirds; has raised 48. My family ________ big and my family ________ watching TV. A. is; likes B. are; like C. is; like D. are; likes 49. —Here is some ________. Would you like to have some? —Yes, please. A. bread B. hamburgers C. strawberries D. apples 50. This pair of red gloves ________. How much ________? A. feel soft; is it B. feels softly; are they C. feels soft; are they D. feel softly; is it 51. —Sir, how many bananas do you need? —Three pounds ________ OK. A. are B. were C. is D. was 52. The number of teachers in our school _____ small and a large number of them ______ women teachers. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is, is 53. Everyone except Tom and Mike ________ Wuxi before. A. has gone to B. have been to C. has been to D. have gone to 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$