寒假作业08 过去完成时及其被动语态 选修二 Unit 3-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题08 过去完成时及其被动语态 选修二 Unit 3 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、过去完成时的用法 考点二、过去完成时被动语态的用法 考点三、过去完成时及其被动语态应注意的问题 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 过去完成时的用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 2. 构成 ： had + 过去分词。 3. 用法及例句 表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作 ： By the time he got to the station, the train had left. （当他到达车站时，火车已经离开了。） “ 火车离开 ” 这个动作在 “ 他到达车站 ” 这个过去动作之前就完成了。 用于宾语从句中，从句动作先于主句动作发生 ： He said that he had seen the movie before. （他说他以前看过这部电影。） “ 看电影 ” 这个动作在 “ 说 ” 之前发生。 用于 hardly/scarcely...when...; no sooner...than... 句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示 “ 一 …… 就 ……” ： Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang. （我一进房间电话就响了。） 表示意向的动词（如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等）用于过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算或意图等 ： I had intended to visit you, but I was ill. （我本打算去看你，但我生病了。） ) ( 在含有 before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句动作和从句动作先后发生，先发生的动作常用过去完成时（有时也可用一般过去时） ： After we had finished dinner, we watched TV. （我们吃完饭后，看了电视。）也可以说 After we finished dinner, we watched TV. 但用过去完成时更强调动作的先后顺序。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for ten minutes. A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on 2. She told me that she ______ to the Great Wall twice. A. has been B. had been C. will go D. would go 3. By the end of last week, we ______ five English songs. A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. were learning 4. I ______ the book for two days before I found it. A. had looked for B. have looked for C. looked for D. am looking for 5. Hardly ______ when it began to rain. A. he arrived B. he had arrived C. arrived he D. had he arrived 二、填空题 1. They ______ (leave) for London before I got to the airport. 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison ______ (build) his own chemistry lab. 3. I thought I ______ (see) him before. 4. She ______ (finish) her homework before her mother came back. 5. The train ______ (depart) when we got to the station. 过去完成时被动语态的用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去完成时的被动语态表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经被完成的动作。 2. 构成 ： had been + 过去分词。 3. 用法及例句 强调在过去某个时间之前，某个动作已经被完成，且动作的承受者是句子重点 ： The bridge had been built by the end of last year. （到去年年底，这座桥已经被建造好了。）重点是 “ 桥被建造 ” 这个被动动作在去年年底前完成。 在叙述过去的事件中，当需要突出某个动作在另一个过去动作之前的被动完成状态时使用 ： The book had been returned to the library before I realized I needed it again. （在我意识到我又需要这本书之前，它已经被还回图书馆了。） ) ( 用于含有过去时间状语的句子中，描述在该时间之前已经完成的被动动作 ： By 5 o'clock yesterday, all the tasks had been completed. （到昨天五点，所有任务都已经被完成了。） 在间接引语中，当转述在过去某个时间之前已经完成的被动动作时使用 ： She said that the letter had been received. （她说信已经收到了。） 用于固定句型中，如 It was the first/second...time (that) sb. had done sth. ，表示 “ 这是某人第几次做某事 ” ，其中从句用过去完成时，且常为被动语态（如果是及物动词） ： It was the second time that the song had been sung in public. （这是这首歌第二次在公共场合被演唱。） ) 一、单项选择题 1. The house ______ by the end of last month. A. had been built B. has been built C. was being built D. would be built 2. The letter ______ by the time I got home. A. would be received B. has been received C. was received D. had been received 3. By the time the police arrived, the thief ______. A. had been caught B. has been caught C. was caught D. would be caught 4. It was the first time that the song ______ in public. A. has been sung B. had been sung C. was sung D. would be sung 5. The window ______ by someone before we came in. A. had been broken B. has been broken C. was broken D. would be broken 二、填空题 1. The book ______ (write) by a famous author before it was published. 2. By the time we got to the theater, all the tickets ______ (sell) out. 3. The bridge ______ (build) for two years before it was opened to traffic. 4. It was said that the problem ______ (solve) before the meeting. 5. The cake ______ (eat) by the children before their mother came back. 过去完成时及其被动语态应注意的问题限 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 注意区分主动和被动关系 ：一定要准确判断句子中的动作是主动发生还是被动发生，从而正确选择使用过去完成时还是过去完成时的被动语态。例如： The window had been broken. （窗户被打破了，强调被动）和 The boy had broken the window. （男孩打破了窗户，强调主动）。 2. 时间状语的使用 ：过去完成时被动语态常与 by + 过去时间点、 by the end of + 过去时间、 before + 过去时间等时间状语连用，这些时间状语可以帮助我们确定动作发生的先后顺序，从而正确使用该时态。例如： By the time we arrived at the theater, the tickets had been sold out. （当我们到达剧院时，票已经被卖完了。） ) ( 3. 动词过去分词的正确形式 ：要牢记不规则动词的过去分词形式，以确保正确构成过去完成时被动语态。例如： write - written - had been written ； break - broken - had been broken 。 )一、单项选择题 1. The car ______ by my father. A. was repaired B. has been repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired 2. By the time we arrived at the factory, the products ______. A. had been produced B. have been produced C. were produced D. would be produced 3. The mistake ______ before the teacher found it. A. had been corrected B. has been corrected C. was corrected D. would be corrected 4. The old house ______ by the storm. A. has been damaged B. had been damaged C. was damaged D. would be damaged 5. The letter ______ in English. A. had been written B. has been written C. was written D. would be written 二、改错题 1. The book was written by a famous writer before I had bought it. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. By the time the meeting had started, all the people had been arrived. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. The window had been broke by the naughty boy before his mother came home. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. The task had completed before the deadline. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. It was the second time that the poem has been recited in public. ___________________________________________________________________________ 阅读下面短文，根据意思或所给的词，完成空格填空，使短文通顺 It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1 (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2 (take) out my key 3 I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4 (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6 (knock) at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7 (get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 (phone) saying that she 9 (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10 a window. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 We walked inside a museum in Garden City and looked around, eager 1 (meet) Kobie Boykins, a NASA engineer. He helped to design the Mars rover (探测器) Curiosity, 2 is still exploring to this day. In a big presentation room, Boykins 3 (talk) about the team’s newest rover, Mars 2020. We asked him if the new rover would be 4 most complicated one he and his team 5 (make) so far. He told us that most of the engineering would be the same. However, the rover is still more   6 (advance) and will be able to get more accurate test   7 (result). When Boykins finished his presentation, some people brought him into another room where we would interview him. We asked if he felt he was   8 a lot of pressure at work. He told us that he   9 (actual) put a lot of pressure on himself. He said that working on the spacecraft wasn’t putting him in that position, but he still wanted to make   10 perfect. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 1 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 2 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 3 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 4 （break）. In 194 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 5 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 6 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 7 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 8 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 9 the Navajo language. And the code, 10 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 一、阅读理解 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd.B．He’s strict.C．He’s brave.D．He’s rude. 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point.B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians.D．To advocate animal protection. （2023·全国·高考真题）Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 1 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 5 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 二、语法填空 （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 2 guests showed up 3 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 4 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 过去完成时及其被动语态 选修二 Unit 3 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、过去完成时的用法 考点二、过去完成时被动语态的用法 考点三、过去完成时及其被动语态应注意的问题 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 过去完成时的用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 2. 构成 ： had + 过去分词。 3. 用法及例句 表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作 ： By the time he got to the station, the train had left. （当他到达车站时，火车已经离开了。） “ 火车离开 ” 这个动作在 “ 他到达车站 ” 这个过去动作之前就完成了。 用于宾语从句中，从句动作先于主句动作发生 ： He said that he had seen the movie before. （他说他以前看过这部电影。） “ 看电影 ” 这个动作在 “ 说 ” 之前发生。 用于 hardly/scarcely...when...; no sooner...than... 句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示 “ 一 …… 就 ……” ： Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang. （我一进房间电话就响了。） 表示意向的动词（如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等）用于过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算或意图等 ： I had intended to visit you, but I was ill. （我本打算去看你，但我生病了。） ) ( 在含有 before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句动作和从句动作先后发生，先发生的动作常用过去完成时（有时也可用一般过去时） ： After we had finished dinner, we watched TV. （我们吃完饭后，看了电视。）也可以说 After we finished dinner, we watched TV. 但用过去完成时更强调动作的先后顺序。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for ten minutes. A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on 答案：B 解析：begin 是短暂性动词，不能与 for ten minutes 这样的时间段连用，应该用 be on 表示 “上映” 这个延续性动作。“电影开始” 在 “我到达电影院” 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以选 B。 2. She told me that she ______ to the Great Wall twice. A. has been B. had been C. will go D. would go 答案：B 解析：宾语从句中，“她去长城两次” 这个动作在 “她告诉我” 之前发生，“告诉我” 是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时，选 B。 3. By the end of last week, we ______ five English songs. A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. were learning 答案：C 解析：by the end of last week 表示到过去某个时间为止，用过去完成时，“学歌曲” 这个动作在这个时间之前完成，所以选 C。 4. I ______ the book for two days before I found it. A. had looked for B. have looked for C. looked for D. am looking for 答案：A 解析：“寻找书” 这个动作在 “找到书” 之前，“找到书” 是过去时，所以 “寻找书” 用过去完成时，选 A。 5. Hardly ______ when it began to rain. A. he arrived B. he had arrived C. arrived he D. had he arrived 答案：D 解析：Hardly...when... 句型中，主句用过去完成时且部分倒装，所以选 D。 二、填空题 1. They ______ (leave) for London before I got to the airport. 答案：had left 解析：“他们离开” 在 “我到达机场” 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，leave 的过去分词是 left。 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison ______ (build) his own chemistry lab. 答案：had built 解析：by the time 引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时，主句动作在从句动作之前完成，用过去完成时，build 的过去分词是 built。 3. I thought I ______ (see) him before. 答案：had seen 解析：在 thought 这个过去动作之前 “见过他”，用过去完成时，see 的过去分词是 seen。 4. She ______ (finish) her homework before her mother came back. 答案：had finished 解析：“完成作业” 在 “妈妈回来” 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，finish 的过去分词是 finished。 5. The train ______ (depart) when we got to the station. 答案：had departed 解析：“火车离开” 在 “我们到达车站” 之前，用过去完成时，depart 的过去分词是 departed。 过去完成时被动语态的用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 概念 ：过去完成时的被动语态表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经被完成的动作。 2. 构成 ： had been + 过去分词。 3. 用法及例句 强调在过去某个时间之前，某个动作已经被完成，且动作的承受者是句子重点 ： The bridge had been built by the end of last year. （到去年年底，这座桥已经被建造好了。）重点是 “ 桥被建造 ” 这个被动动作在去年年底前完成。 在叙述过去的事件中，当需要突出某个动作在另一个过去动作之前的被动完成状态时使用 ： The book had been returned to the library before I realized I needed it again. （在我意识到我又需要这本书之前，它已经被还回图书馆了。） 用于含有过去时间状语的句子中，描述在该时间之前已经完成的被动动作 ： By 5 o'clock yesterday, all the tasks had been completed. （到昨天五点，所有任务都已经被完成了。） 在间接引语中，当转述在过去某个时间之前已经完成的被动动作时使用 ： She said that the letter had been received. （她说信已经收到了。） 用于固定句型中，如 It was the first/second...time (that) sb. had done sth. ，表示 “ 这是某人第几次做某事 ” ，其中从句用过去完成时，且常为被动语态（如果是及物动词） ： It was the second time that the song had been sung in public. （这是这首歌第二次在公共场合被演唱。） ) 一、单项选择题 1. The house ______ by the end of last month. A. had been built B. has been built C. was being built D. would be built 答案：A 解析：by the end of last month 表示到过去某个时间为止，房子是被建造，用过去完成时的被动语态，所以选 A。 2. The letter ______ by the time I got home. A. would be received B. has been received C. was received D. had been received 答案：D 解析：“信被收到” 在 “我到家” 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 D。 3. By the time the police arrived, the thief ______. A. had been caught B. has been caught C. was caught D. would be caught 答案：A 解析：“小偷被抓住” 在 “警察到达” 之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 A。 4. It was the first time that the song ______ in public. A. has been sung B. had been sung C. was sung D. would be sung 答案：B 解析：It was the first time that... 句型中，从句用过去完成时，歌曲是被演唱，用被动语态，所以选 B。 5. The window ______ by someone before we came in. A. had been broken B. has been broken C. was broken D. would be broken 答案：A 解析：“窗户被打破” 在 “我们进来” 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 A。 二、填空题 1. The book ______ (write) by a famous author before it was published. 答案：had been written 解析：书是被写，在 “出版” 之前完成，用过去完成时的被动语态，write 的过去分词是 written。 2. By the time we got to the theater, all the tickets ______ (sell) out. 答案：had been sold 解析：“票被卖完” 在 “我们到达剧院” 之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，sell 的过去分词是 sold。 3. The bridge ______ (build) for two years before it was opened to traffic. 答案：had been built 解析：桥是被建造，建造这个动作在 “通车” 之前持续了两年，用过去完成时的被动语态，build 的过去分词是 built。 4. It was said that the problem ______ (solve) before the meeting. 答案：had been solved 解析：“问题被解决” 在 “会议” 之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，solve 的过去分词是 solved。 5. The cake ______ (eat) by the children before their mother came back. 答案：had been eaten 解析：“蛋糕被孩子们吃掉” 在 “妈妈回来” 之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，eat 的过去分词是 eaten。 过去完成时及其被动语态应注意的问题限 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 注意区分主动和被动关系 ：一定要准确判断句子中的动作是主动发生还是被动发生，从而正确选择使用过去完成时还是过去完成时的被动语态。例如： The window had been broken. （窗户被打破了，强调被动）和 The boy had broken the window. （男孩打破了窗户，强调主动）。 2. 时间状语的使用 ：过去完成时被动语态常与 by + 过去时间点、 by the end of + 过去时间、 before + 过去时间等时间状语连用，这些时间状语可以帮助我们确定动作发生的先后顺序，从而正确使用该时态。例如： By the time we arrived at the theater, the tickets had been sold out. （当我们到达剧院时，票已经被卖完了。） 3. 动词过去分词的正确形式 ：要牢记不规则动词的过去分词形式，以确保正确构成过去完成时被动语态。例如： write - written - had been written ； break - broken - had been broken 。 ) 一、单项选择题 1. The car ______ by my father. A. was repaired B. has been repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired 答案：C 解析：这里强调车被父亲修理，且动作在过去某个时间之前完成，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 C。如果选 A 只是陈述过去车被修理这个事实，没有体现 “过去的过去”。 2. By the time we arrived at the factory, the products ______. A. had been produced B. have been produced C. were produced D. would be produced 答案：A 解析：by the time 引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时，“产品被生产” 在 “我们到达工厂” 之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 A。B 选项时态错误，C 选项没有体现动作先后顺序，D 选项不符合语境。 3. The mistake ______ before the teacher found it. A. had been corrected B. has been corrected C. was corrected D. would be corrected 答案：A 解析：“错误被纠正” 在 “老师发现错误” 之前，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 A。B 选项时态不对，C 选项没有突出先后顺序，D 选项不符合逻辑。 4. The old house ______ by the storm. A. has been damaged B. had been damaged C. was damaged D. would be damaged 答案：B 解析：这里强调房子在过去某个时间之前被暴风雨损坏，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 B。如果没有上下文，C 选项语法上也正确，但不如 B 选项更能体现动作先后顺序。 5. The letter ______ in English. A. had been written B. has been written C. was written D. would be written 答案：A 解析：如果强调在过去某个时间之前信就已经用英语写好了，用过去完成时的被动语态，选 A。如果只是陈述信是用英语写的这个事实，C 选项也可以，但根据题目语境，A 选项更合适。 二、改错题 1. The book was written by a famous writer before I had bought it. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 had bought 改为 bought 解析：before 引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，这里 “买书” 这个动作在 “书被写” 之后，所以从句用一般过去时 bought。 2. By the time the meeting had started, all the people had been arrived. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 had been arrived 改为 had arrived 解析：arrive 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，这里表示 “人们到达” 这个主动动作在 “会议开始” 之前完成，用过去完成时 had arrived。 3. The window had been broke by the naughty boy before his mother came home. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 broke 改为 broken 解析：过去完成时被动语态的构成是 had been + 过去分词，break 的过去分词是 broken。 4. The task had completed before the deadline. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：在 had 后加 been 解析：task 与 complete 是被动关系，任务是被完成，所以用过去完成时的被动语态 had been completed。 5. It was the second time that the poem has been recited in public. ___________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 has been recited 改为 had been recited 解析：It was the second time that... 句型中，从句用过去完成时，这里 “诗被背诵” 在 “这是第二次” 这个过去时间之前，所以用 had been recited。 阅读下面短文，根据意思或所给的词，完成空格填空，使短文通顺 It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1 (wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2 (take) out my key 3 I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4 (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6 (knock) at the door. There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7 (get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 (phone) saying that she 9 (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10 a window. 【答案】 1．was wearing 2．to take 3．but 4．had left 5．was 6．knocked 7．got 8．had phoned 9．would go 10．through 【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。叙述了我到家门口发现没带钥匙，最后爬窗户进去的一件小事。 1．考查过去进行时。结合语境可知，天气很冷，我正穿着一件大衣。而全文基调为过去时，故用过去进行时。故填was wearing。 2．考查不定式表目的。句意：我走到门口，把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙。可知，put my hand的目的是take out my key，to表目的。故填to take。 3．考查连词。句意：我走到门口，把手放进口袋里拿出我的钥匙，可是没有找到。结合语境，前后文具有明显的转折含义。故填but。 4．考查过去完成时。句意：我突然想起我把它放在办公室的桌子上了。结合语境可知，我把钥匙落在桌上为过去的过去，且对过去造成影响。leave的过去分词形式为left。故填had left。 5．考查一般过去时及主谓一致。句意：我知道我妻子在家，孩子们现在肯定已经放学回来了，所以我敲门。根据全文基调，此处应填过去式，my wife为单数，is的过去分词形式为was。故填was。 6．考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知，此处填一般过去式。knock的过去式为knocked故填knocked。 7．考查一般过去时。结合语境及全文基调可知，此处填一般过去式get的过去式为got。故填got。 8．考查过去完成时。句意：他说我妻子说她下午和孩子们一起去购物。可知，he said为过去时，而我的妻子打电话在这之前，且对过去产生影响。故填had phoned。 9．考查过去将来时。结合语境可知，妻子说她将要去购物，又因基调为过去时，故此处使用过去进行时。故填would go。 10．考查介词。句意：我得从爬窗户进去。through有从内部穿过的意思。故填through。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 We walked inside a museum in Garden City and looked around, eager 1 (meet) Kobie Boykins, a NASA engineer. He helped to design the Mars rover (探测器) Curiosity, 2 is still exploring to this day. In a big presentation room, Boykins 3 (talk) about the team’s newest rover, Mars 2020. We asked him if the new rover would be 4 most complicated one he and his team 5 (make) so far. He told us that most of the engineering would be the same. However, the rover is still more   6 (advance) and will be able to get more accurate test   7 (result). When Boykins finished his presentation, some people brought him into another room where we would interview him. We asked if he felt he was   8 a lot of pressure at work. He told us that he   9 (actual) put a lot of pressure on himself. He said that working on the spacecraft wasn’t putting him in that position, but he still wanted to make   10 perfect. 【答案】 1．to meet 2．which 3．was talking/talked 4．the 5．had made 6．advanced 7．results 8．under 9．actually 10．it 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了参观博物馆，拜访了航天科学家Kobie Boykins，明白了成功源自对完美的追求。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们走进Garden City的一个博物馆，环顾四周，很想见见NASA的工程师Kobie Boykins。eager to do固定短语，“渴望做......”，不定式作目的状语，故填to meet。 2．考查定语从句。句意：他帮助设计了火星探测器Curiosity，至今仍在探索中。 is still exploring to this day.是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Curiosity，在从句中作主语，故填which。 3．考查一般过去时或者过去进行时。句意：在一个大的演示室里,Boykins谈到了团队最新的探测器，火星2020。根据上文可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时或者过去进行时，故填was talking/talked。 4．考查冠词。句意：我们问他这个新探测器是否是他和他的团队迄今为止制造的最复杂的一个。此处是形容词最高级，故填the。 5．考查过去完成时。句意：我们问他这个新探测器是否是他和他的团队迄今为止制造的最复杂的一个。根据时间状语so far，可知谓语动词用完成时态；根据主句的谓语动词asked，可知此处用过去完成时，故填had made。 6．考查形容词。句意：不过，这个探测器会更先进，并且会得到更准确的测试结果。形容词作表语，故填advanced。 7．考查名词。句意：不过，这个探测器会更先进，并且会得到更准确的测试结果。result是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故填results。 8．考查介词。句意：我们问他是否感到工作压力很大。under pressure固定短语，“在压力之下”，故填under。 9．考查副词。句意：他告诉我们，他实际上给自己施加了很大的压力。副词修饰动词作状语，故填actually。 10. 考查代词。句意：他说在飞船上工作并不会让他陷入那种境地,但他还是想让它完美。此处指代working on the spacecraft ，故用代词it，填it。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 1 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 2 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 3 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 4 （break）. In 194 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 5 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 6 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 7 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 8 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 9 the Navajo language. And the code, 10 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 【答案】 1．the 2．learned/learnt 3．their 4．had been broken 5．secrets 6．based 7．to keep 8．deaths 9．about 10．which 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。 1．考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。 2．考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。 3．考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 4．考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。 5．考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。 6．考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。 7．考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。 8．考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。故填deaths。 9．考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。 10．考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。 一、阅读理解 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd.B．He’s strict.C．He’s brave.D．He’s rude. 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university.B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient.D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases.D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point.B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians.D．To advocate animal protection. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 （2023·全国·高考真题）Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 1 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 5 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 1．根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 2．根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 3．根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 4．根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 5．根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 【点睛】 二、语法填空 （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 2 guests showed up 3 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 4 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】1．threw 2．exactly 3．had arrived 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。 1．考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 2．考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 3．考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$