命题点5 非谓语动词(必考)-【一战成名新中考】2025江西中考英语·一轮复习·教材精讲练优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题二 动词（必考） 命题点5 非谓语动词（必考） 2 【考情概述】 非谓语动词主要在完形填空B）中考查动词不定式（10年11考，其中 2021年和2017年考查2道）。考查情况有以下两种： 1.填含to的动词不定式：①作宾语（3次）；②作目的状语（4次）； ③作宾语补足语（2023.46）；④构成疑问词+动词不定式，在句中作宾语 （2020.59）。 2.to在题干中已给出，填动词原形：①作目的状语（2021.50）；②与 形容词短语构成复合谓语（2017.55）；③作宾语补足语。 3 考点精讲 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、过去分词） 三类。它们不能单独作谓语， 但仍保留动词的某些特征。它们没有人称 和数的变化， 但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。 在做此类试题时， 应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词， 然 后才能确定选用动词的哪种形式。 4 1.判定本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。 （1）当句子缺少谓语时， 该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下， 动 词作谓语放在主语之后， 如“I love you.”中， “love”就是谓语动词； （2）当句中已有谓语动词， 而且没有并列连词使其与所填动词并列时， 该动词就用非谓语动词形式,如“I want to go to the zoo.”中, “to go”就是 非谓语动词。 5 2.判定本题该用非谓语动词的哪种形式： （1）根据非谓语动词的句法功能确定用非谓语动词的哪种形式， 即所作 的成分; （2）根据句式和固定搭配来确定。 6 考点1 动词不定式 1.动词不定式（to do）的功能 功能 例句 作宾语 I want to keep the classroom clean. 作宾语补足语 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 作状语 目的状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean. 原因状语 I am happy to see the clean classroom. 结果状语 I am free enough to clean the classroom. 7 功能 例句 注意:有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。 ①感官动词（see, hear, feel, notice等）。如: I saw the boy get out. ②使役动词（let, make, have等）。如：His funny action made me laugh. 8 2.常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组（v.+to do sth.） 见《晨读册》P124 3.常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（v.+sb.+to do sth.） 见《晨读册》P125 9 4. 动词不定式的常用句型 （1）too+adj.+to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 （2）adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 （3）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 （4）It's+adj.（+for sb.）+to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是……的。 （5）It's+adj.+of sb. +to do sth. 某人做某事是……的。 （6）It's time to do sth. 该是做某事的时候了。 （7）It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。 （8）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事。 10 5.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 （1）动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如： When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. （作主语） I haven't decided when to leave Beijing. （作宾语） My question is how to go to Beijing. （作表语） （2）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me where to buy a cup? =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup? 11 考点2 动名词 1.动名词（v.-ing）的功能 功能 例句 作主语 Teaching English is interesting. 作宾语 动词的宾语 She likes teaching English. 介词的宾语 She is good at teaching English. 作表语 Her job is teaching English in a middle school. 作定语 She wants to buy a washing machine. 12 若动词不定式/动名词作主语， 谓语动词用第三人称单数。 2.常见的接动名词作宾语的动词/词组（v.+doing sth.） 见《晨读册》P125 13 3. 动名词的常用搭配与句型 （1）be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 （2）be interested in doing sth./have （an） interest in doing sth. 对做 某事感兴趣 （3）be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 （4）be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 （5）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 （6）can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 14 （7）feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 （8）give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 （9）have a hard time in doing sth. 做某事很艰难 （10）have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth. 做某事有困难 （11）have fun （in） doing sth./have a good time （in） doing sth. 做 某事很开心 （12）have luck （in） doing sth. 做某事有运气 （13）look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事 15 （14）prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做某事胜过做某事 （15）stick to doing sth./hold on to doing sth. 坚持做某事 （16）pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 （17）spend+时间/金钱+（in） doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 （18）succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 （19）Thank sb. for doing sth. 因某人做了某事而感谢某人。 （20）What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？ 16 考点3 分词 分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词的形式通常为“v.-ing”， 表示主动、进行之意；过去分词的形式通常为“v.-ed”， 表示被动、完成 之意。 17 1.分词的功能 功能 用法 例句 作补 足语 现在分词作补足语， 被补充说明的宾语或主 语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）。 I heard my sister singing. 过去分词作补足语， 被补充说明的宾语或主 语是它的逻辑宾语（即动宾关系）。 I had my hair cut last night. 18 功能 用法 例句 作定 语 现在分词作定语， 被修饰的词是其逻辑主 语。 Do you know the boy playing football? 过去分词作定语， 被修饰的词是其逻辑宾 语。 Please hand in your written exercises. 2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 （1）在语态上， 现在分词表示主动意义， 过去分词表示被动意义。如： a sleeping girl一个睡着的女孩 the moved people被感动的人们 （2）在时间上， 现在分词表示正在进行的动作， 过去分词表示已完成 的动作。如： developing countries发展中国家 developed countries发达国家 20 3.过去分词的常见句型 （1）主语+have/get sth. done. “使……被……”。如： I want to have/get these chairs fixed. 我想把这些椅子修理一下。 （2）It be+过去分词+that… 句型。如： It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is well-known that… 众所周 知…… It is suggested that… 有人建议…… It is required that… 人们要求…… 21 考点自测 Passage 1 control find take test do stay check send share lift have We can't remember clearly since when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we go out 1.________ dinner. Once a dish comes, instead of 2._______ our chop- sticks, we take out our mobiles and click. Later, we post（上传）the to have lifting 22 photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, 3._________ whether we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal. A recent study suggests that what we are used to 4._______ is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. 5.________ this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked 6.________ photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, the less delicious the food seemed to them. to check doing To test to take Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After 7.________ the photos online, one will not be able 8.__________ himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone like my photos? I hope 9.________ a lot of people like them!” It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are 10.________ with real people. So, next time you eat out with your family or friends, please let the food be delicious as it is, and just tell yourself to 11.______ your life with people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time. sending to control to find staying share Passage 2 sing act get prepare practice learn perform smile watch take improve The school talent show was coming! I was so excited because I liked singing very much and wanted 1.________ part in it. So I entered for it at once. Then the first audition（试唱） came. I was in such a hurry that I didn't get fully 2.__________. But I still did my best. It was my first to take prepared 25 time 3._______ in front of so many people, so I was really nervous. When I finished, the only problem was that I wasn't loud enough. For the rest of the week, I practiced hard 4.___________ it. It was such a great challenge for me because I was a quiet girl. But I knew I had to 5.____ over it. I chose 6._______ the song Ode to Joy. When I practiced during my free time, I realized that I never knew how hard it was 7.___________ to act to improve get to sing to perform On the day we performed, many people came 9.__________ the show. I took a deep breath and tried 10._________ lively. The show was successful. The school talent show was a good experience for me, which made me 11.______ a lot from it. to watch to smile learn before I did it. I needed to pay attention to not only the song I was singing, but also my facial expressions. As I kept 8.__________, I got better and better. practicing $$