内容正文:
英语
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第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题二 动词(必考)
命题点2 情态动词
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(10年3考)
【考情概述】
情态动词近7年未考,2017年以前在单项填空中考查2次;完形填空A)
中考查1次(2017.48),且均考查词义辨析。
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考点精讲
情态动词表示说话人对所说动作的观点, 如需要、可能、意愿等,
也可以表示推测。在形式上, 情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。情态
动词本身词义不完全, 不能单独使用, 必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。
其否定式一般是在其后加not, 一般疑问句通常将其提到句首。具体用法
如下:
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考点1 情态动词的基本用法
1. can与could
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
can
(2次) 表示能力, 意为“能,会” Jim can sing songs.
表示请求、许可, 意为“可以” Can I play basketball
now?
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情态动词 含义及用法 例句
could can 的过去式,意为"能,会”,表示
过去的能力 Lily could swim at the
age of 5.
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求或要
求。回答以could开头的一般疑问句
时用can/can't,不能用could/couldn't —Could you tell me
the way to the post
office?
—Yes, I can.
表示委婉、客气地提出建议 We could write a letter
to the headmaster.
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2.must, have to与should
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
must 表示主观看法, 意为“必须, 一定”
一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变
化 I must work hard.
have to 意为“不得不, 必须”, 多表示客观
必要
有人称、时态和数的变化,有时可与
must互换 I have to get up
early tomorrow.
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情态动词 含义及用法 例句
should 用于肯定句或否定句中时,意为“应
该”, 表示要求和命令, 也可以表示
劝告或建议 You should come
to school on time.
用于疑问句中时,表示向对方征询意
见 Should I go to her
party?
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3. mustn't与don't/doesn't/didn't have to
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
mustn't 意为“不准;禁
止” You mustn't talk to your
mother like that.
don't/doesn't/didn't
have to(2016.33) 意为“不必”, 相
当于needn't You don't have to take this
book to the classroom.
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4.may与might
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
may 表示请求、许可, 意为“可
以” May I speak to Amy?
might may的过去式。表示请求、
许可, 语气比 may 更委
婉 Might I ask you a question?
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5.will, would与shall
情态
动词 含义及用法 例句
will 表示意愿或请求, 用于疑问句中, 常用于第二人称 Will you please pass the
book to me?
would
表示建议或个人意愿, 表示建议时,
语气较委婉 Would you please help
me with my maths?
shall 常用于疑问句, 多用于第一、三人称, 表示请求或征求对方的意见 Shall we go to the
zoo?
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6. need与had better
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
need 作情态动词时, 意为“需要”, 常
用于否定句或疑问句中 Alex needn't attend the
meeting.
had
better 意为“最好”, 没有人称和数的变
化, 常缩写为'd better: had better
(not) do sth. 最好(不要)做
某事 You'd better come back
early today.
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1. 由may或might引出的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用
can't/mustn't。如:
—May/Might I sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗?
—Yes, you may/can./No, you can't/mustn't. 是的, 你可以。/不, 你不能。
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2. 由must引出的一般疑问句, 肯定回答常用must;否定回答常用
needn't/don't have to/doesn't have to/didn't have to。如:
—Must I hand in my homework this afternoon?我今天下午必须交作业吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. 是的, 你必须。/不,
你不必。
3. 由need引出的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn't。如:
—Need I do the work at once?我需要立刻做这项工作吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't. 是的, 你必须。/不, 你不必。
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考点2 情态动词表推测的用法
情态动词表推测时,依据可能性的大小排序为:must>could>may>
might>may not>can't。具体用法如下:
情态动词 用法 例句
must 表示非常有把握的肯定推
测,100%的可能性,意为
“一定,肯定”。 You must be tired after a long
walk. 走了很长一段路,你一定
累了。
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情态动词 用法 例句
could 表肯定推测,意为“有可
能,也许(20%~80%可能
性)”,语气较委婉。 The camera could be Anna's
because she likes taking photos.
这部相机可能是安娜的,因为她
喜欢拍照。
may 表肯定推测,意为“有可
能,也许”,用于肯定句,
表示把握不大的推测。 Your answer may be right. 你的
答案可能是对的。
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情态动词 用法 例句
might 表肯定推测,意为“有可
能,也许”,可能性低于
may,语气缓和,较委婉。 He might get there in time, but
I'm not sure. 他可能会及时赶到
那里,但我不确定。
may not 表否定推测,语气不确定,
意为“可能不”。 Mandy may not come tonight.
曼迪今晚可能不会来。
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情态动词 用法 例句
can't 表否定推测,意为“一定
不;不可能”。可能性几乎
为零。
注意:mustn't意为“禁止;不
允许;一定不要”,不用于否
定推测。 —Is this basketball Mike's? 这
个篮球是迈克的吗?
—It can't be his. He never
plays basketball.
不可能是他的。他从来不打篮
球。
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考点自测
易错点专练
1.—___ I finish the report now, Mr. Smith?
—No, you needn't.
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. May
2.—Excuse me, may I take the science fiction out of the reading room?
—Sorry, you ___. Just here, please.
A. may not B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't
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3.According to the traffic rules, children under the age of sixteen ___
ride e-bikes on the road.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. might not
4.—I can't stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I'm afraid you ___.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
5.—Must I study medicine and be a doctor like you, Dad?
—No, you ___, son. You're free to make your own decision.
A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
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6.[2015江西32题]Nathan likes his job because he ___ enjoy the beauty of
nature.
A. can B. must
C. should D. is supposed to
7.[2024无锡]Shh…! This is a library. You ___ keep your voice down.
A. can B. can't C. should D. shouldn't
8.[2024天津]It ___ be the only way to solve the problem. There are
other choices.
A. may not B. mustn't C. need D. should
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9.—Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ___ read until he was seven.
A. couldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. needn't
10.—Excuse me, ___ I sit here?
—You'd better not. It's the woman's seat.
A. need B. must C. could D. should
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