第10部分 动词-小学生毕业总复习必须掌握的英语知识点

第0部分动司 知识结构导图 及物动词：后可直接接宾语 实义动词 不及物动词：后不可直接接宾语 表状态的连系动词(be,look,smel..)》 连系动词 表转变成结果的连系动词(get,become..) 动 be(am,is,are,was,were) 助动词 have(has,had) 词 do(did,does) 情态动词 can. must,need,will,may 动词的几种基本形式 I can drive a car. 什么是动词 动词是表示动作或状态的词。（如：come,go,open,wash, sing等) 动词的分类 按照动词的词义和动词在句中所起的作用来划分，可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和 情态动词四类。 1.实义动词 (1)实义动词又称行为动词，能独立作谓语。 We love animals very much.我们非常喜欢动物。 C小9子 The sun sets in the west.太阳从西边落下。 (2)实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 ①及物动词后可以直接接宾语。 I like reading books very much.我很喜欢读书。 Can you sweep the floor??你能把地扫扫吗？ ②不及物动词后不可接宾语。 The flowers come out in spring.春天时花开了。 The sun goes up.太阳升起来了。 2.连系动词 连系动词也叫系动词，不能单独作谓语，必须和名词、形容词等一起使用，作句子的 谓语。 (1)表状态的连系动词 be是 Iook看上去 smel闻起来 sound听起来 feel感觉 keep保持 Idon't feel well today.我今天不太舒服。 The park looks very beautiful..公园看起来很漂亮。 (2)表转变或结果的连系动词 become变得 get变得 grow长得 turn变得 g0变得 come成为 The song sounds beautiful.这首歌听起来很好听。 The weather is becoming warmer and warmer..天气变得越来越暖了， 经典考题 选择。 Let's put the food under the tree,or it will bad. A.look B.go C.make D.take 解析：本句意为“让我们把食物放在树下吧，否则会变坏的。”表示“变得”向坏 的结果变化，多用g0。 答案：B 3.助动词 助动词是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能的动词。助动词本身没有实义，不能单独作谓 语。助动词主要有be,do,have(has,had)。 I am a worker.我是一名工人g She doesn't do housework well.她做不好家务e He has a ticket of the film.他有电影票。 Do you have a sister?你有妹妹吗？ C小9子 (1)助动词的特征 助动词 功能 举例 He is washing clothes. 构成进行时 be（am,is,are, 他在洗衣服。 was,were) Mr Wang is kind to us. 构成系表结构 王先生对我们很友善。 We have known each other for years. have(has,had) 构成完成时态 我们已经认识多年了。 I don't know why you're late. 构成疑问句、否定句 我不知道你为什么迟到。 She does love music. do(did,does) 加强语气 她的确喜欢音乐。 She dances as well as I do. 替代主要动词 她跳舞跳得和我一样好。 (2)助动词的用法 be用作助动词和它用作连系动词一样，有人称、数和时态的变化。 知 识链 接 be的用法口诀 我用am,你用are, 变否定，更容易， is用于他、她、它。 be后not莫忘记。 单数名词用is, 疑问否定任你变， 复数名词全用areo 句首大写莫迟疑。 ==========m====== 4.情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词词义不完全，不能单独作谓语， 只能与动词原形一起构成谓语。小学阶段常见情态动词有can,must,need,will,may, could等。 Can you swim across the river?你能游过河吗？ I must go home now.我现在必须回家了。 May I come in?我能进来吗？ We may go fishing this Monday.我们这周一也许去钓鱼。 C小了 动词的儿种基本形式 大多数的英语动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、过去式、过去 分词、现在分词。 1.动词原形 动词原形是动词未经任何变化的原本形式，即我们常在词典词目中所看到的动词。如： have,do,work,study等。 2.第三人称单数现在式 动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。 情况 变法 例词 get-gets leave-leaves 一般情况 词尾加-s help-helps play-plays 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,-o guess-guesses teach-teaches 词尾加-es 结尾的动词 wash-washes g0—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 fly-flies cry-cries 变y为i,再加-es 的动词 try-tries study-studies 3.过去式和过去分词 动词的过去式和过去分词变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 (1)动词过去式和过去分词的规则变化 情况 变法 例词 look-looked play-played 一般情况 词尾加-ed help-helped want-wanted 以不发音字母e结尾 live-lived hope-hoped 词尾加-d 的动词 like-liked decide-decided 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 study-studied 变y为i,再加-ed 的动词 carry-carried fly-flied 末尾只有一个辅音字母 stop-stopped plan-planned 双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 的重读闭音节动词 nod-nodded drop-dropped (2)动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化 有些动词过去式和过去分词的变化是不规则的，这些动词不规则变化需要逐个记忆。当 然，也可以用词典或书本后面的不规则动词表来查看更多的不规则动词的变化形式。 C小9婴 4.现在分词 情况 变法 例词 go一going ask-asking 一般情况 词尾加-ing play-playing study-studying 以不发音字母e结尾 write-writing come-coming 去掉e,再加-ing 的动词 take—taking close-closing 末尾只有一个辅音字母 get-getting sit-sitting 双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing 的重读闭音节动词 run-running begin-beginning die-dying tie-tying 以e结尾的动词 将ie变为y,再加-ing lie-lying 百过关测试 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Uncle Lee to fly to Dalian.(want) 2.-What does she do? -She is a (wait) 3.The meat in the plate very fresh.(be) 4.Do you many pens？(have) 5.Let me a piece of cake.(have) 6.What time he usually up?(get) 7.The story two days ago.(happen) 8.Will I Santa Claus(圣i诞老人)at Christmas?(see) 9.I like football after school.(play) 10. the door,please.(open) 二、英汉互译。 1.open the door 2.draw a picture C小9搜 3.have a meeting 4.mend a bike 5.take a photo 6.fly a kite 7.浇树 8.寻找 9.露出 10.制作风筝 11.拉小提琴 12.读杂志 13.去旅行 14.醒来 三、选择填空。 ( )1.Everything fast in spring. A.begin B.grows C.grew D.began )2.She at five yesterday morning. A.gets up B.went up C.got up D.was getting up )3.-What are you doing? -'m a storybook. A.reading B.reads C.seeing D.read )4.Everyone here.Let's begin our class. A.are B.is C.was D.be ( )5.Did you the apple,Lucy? A.eat B.ate C.eats D.eating ）6. you ready?"the teacher asks. A.Can B.Will C.Shall D.Are )7.1 fifteen next week. A.am B.was C.were D.will be 四、按要求改写下面句子。 l.They play football in the afternoon.(改写成现在进行时) 2.I often go swimming in summer..(用第三人称he改写) C小9了 Q 3.I go to school at seven o'clock.(用yesterday改写) 4.I have a meeting at five o'clock.(改写成一般将来时) 5.I watch TV every evening.(改写成现在进行时)》 五、从方框钟选出合适的单词完成短文，每个词限用一次。 Iswam went walked flew studied gave saw jumped clever was Today 1. a fun day.I2. to Mike's home in the morning.I 3. English with him.Then we 4. to a park by bike.We 5. kites.Sudden- ly my kite flew into the lake.My dog 6. the kite.It 7. into the lake and 8 to my kite.Five minutes later,it 9. the kite to me.What a 10. dog！ C小装了四、L.thirty2.one hundred and forty3.one hun- 8.D dred and twelve 4.nine 5.forty-five 二、l.as well as2.faster,faster3.badly, 五、1.D2.B3.D4.C5.C6.C worse,worst 4.more carefully 5.good,fast 7.A8.D 6.friendly 7.really 六、略 第10部分动词 第6部分代词 一、l.wanted2.waiter3.is4.have5.have 一、略 6.dose,get 7.happened 8.see 9.playing 二、1.he2.it3.hey4.she/i5.they 10.Open 6.it 二、1.开门2.画画3.开会4.修理自行车 三、l.Where2.What3.When4.Which 5.照相6.放风筝7.water the trees 5.Whose 6.Whom 8.look for 9.come out 10.make kites 四、1.A2.A3.B4.B5.B6.C 11.play the violin 12.read a magazine 7.D8.B9.C10.A 13.go hiking 14.wake up 五、1.What,see2.many,students3.Are, 三、1.B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.D any 4.Where,do,play 5.This,is 7.D 6.No,it isn't.7.Whom 8. y,1.They are playing football in the afternoon. 第7部分介词 2.He often goes swimming in summer. 3.I went to school at seven o'clock yesterday. 一、1.A2.B3.C4.A5.A6.A 4.I will have a meeting at five o'clock. 7.D8.C9.C10.A 5.I am watching TV. 二、1.in2.at3.by4.above5.al6.on 五、I.was2.walked3.studied4.wet 7.for 8.at,in 9.from,to 10.for 三、1.in2.at3.in4.near5.near6.by 5.flew 6.saw 7.jumped 8.swam 7.beside 8.in front of 9.before 10.in the 9.gave 10.clever front of 11.on 12.over 13.over 第11部分动词的时态 14.above 15.After 16.behind 17.behind 四、1.in2.with3.over4,on5.at 一、I.stopped2.played3.brushed4.became 6.under 5.ran 6.enjoyed 7.knew 8.met 9.put 五、1.at→in2.in+at3.in+on4.on+in 10.read 11.putting 12.having 13.singing 5.at→in6.of→with7.of→in8.on→by 14.eating 15.getting 16.playing 17.mak- 9.in→on10.to→at ing 18.watering 19.studying 20.washing 二、L.do,get2.take3.am,don't work 第8部分形容词 4.wants 5.happened 6.go 7.is 8.have -.1.taller 2.quicker 3.the biggest 4.younger 9.come 10.Did 5.happy 6.slowly 7.well,better,the best 三、1.B2.A3.A4.B5.C6.D 8.fast 9.more 10.warmer,warmer 7.A8.D9.B10.C 二、I.longer2.better3.more excited4.taller 四、1.She went to school at seven o'clock. 5.earlier 6.shorter 7.higher 8.heavier 2.He often goes swimming in summer. 9.younger 10.fatter 11.lighter 3.I am watching TV. 12.stronger 4.I will get home at seven. 三、L.tall2.cold3.short4.hungry5.tired 5.They are playing table tennis. 四、1.B2.A3.B4.D5.D6.A 第12部分句法 7.D 五、1.empty/hungry2.light3.short4.black 第一节陈述句 5.wrong/left 6.old 7.different 8.poor 一、1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B 9.small 10.less 二、l.haven't2.is3.shouldn't4.doesn't 5.didn't 6.must 7.will 8.can 第9部分副词 三、l.It is Lucy's birthday today. -、1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.B7.C 2.They are having English class now. 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