专题20 非谓语动词- 2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（北京专用）

热点题型·重点语法攻略 专题20 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，北京高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 非谓语动词在北京近五年高考中的考查主要有： 不定式: 1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）； 2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型； 3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。 动词ing: 1．动词ing作的句法功能； 2. 动词ing的各种形式及其意义。 过去分词: 1．过去分词作状语； 2．过去分词作定语； 3. 过去分词作宾补； 4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。 题型01 动词不定式 【题型诠释】 ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） 1. 考查动词不定式短语作目的状语，不定式多放在句首，后边多用逗号。 2.考查动词不定式短语作定语，名词前有形容词或最高级。 3.考查动词不定式短语作主语，多用于It takes time to do sth句型。 4.考查动词不定式短语作宾语，需要牢记aim, threaten, agree, decide等动词常接动词不定式作宾语。 5.考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语用于allow, encourage, persuade等动词用于“动词+sb to do sth.”。 6.考查动词不定式短语作原因状语，多用于“be+形容词+to do”句型。 7.考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义，常用于“be+形容词+不定式”结构。 【典例】 【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 题型02 动名词 【题型诠释】 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  1. 考查动名词作介词宾语，有时该介词省略，需要平时注意积累spend time(in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing…等句型。 2.考查动名词作介词宾语，需要抓住介词in, after及look forward to, object to, be devoted to …动词短语等。 3.考查动名词作动词宾语，需要积累动词enjoy, appreciate。 4.考查动名词复合结构，难度较大。 【典例】 【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 题型03 现在分词 【题型诠释】 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） 1. 考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语，分词与句子谓语动词构成主动关系。 2. 考查现在分词短语作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 3.考查现在分词短语作宾补补足语，与句子宾语之间构成主动关系。 4.需要考生掌握现在分词和过去分词的基本区别是主被动关系。 【典例】 【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 11． 【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 题型04 过去分词：done 【题型诠释】 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染的河流 fallen leaves 落叶 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 1.考查过去分词短语作定语，与被修饰名词构成被动关系。 2.考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语，与宾语之间构成被动关系。 3.考查过去分词短语作表语，多表示“感到……”。 4.考查过去分词短语作插入语。 【典例】 【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【答案】supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 【高考真题】 1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【16题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 4.【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 12． 【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 5.【2023北京卷】She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 19.【答案】to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 20.【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 12.【答案】 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 7.【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 14. 【答案】supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 8. 【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 9.【2021年北京卷】From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。 10.【2021年北京卷】The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。 11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 【5题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 12.【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 【最新模考】 【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 15 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 17 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. 【答案】16．to access 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人的记忆的存储的方式以及大脑是如何处理感觉信号。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年龄的增长，有时某些记忆的门会被锁住，需要一把特殊的钥匙才能进入。此处表示目的，需用不定式。故填to access。 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandon) at the age of 6 by his poor parents! Charles Mulli was forced to become a street beggar in order to survive. Yet even in the midst of his poverty and despair, he still dreamed of being an important man someday. He 16 (labor) at many difficult jobs for the following several years. Mulli then saved money and bought a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transportation service company with a fleet of vehicles. All of his hard work turned Mull into a millionaire and an important man. 【答案】15．being abandoned 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了查尔斯·穆里从小被父母抛弃，但是他努力工作，最终成为一个百万富翁和一个重要人物。 15．考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：想象一下，6岁就被可怜的父母抛弃了！分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词imagine，所以abandon用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：imagine doing意为“想象一下做什么”，由根据后文的by可知，此处应用被动语态，所以用动名词的被动语态。故填being abandoned。 【2024年人大附中高三三模】Some university students carried out a campaign 14 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones This move was 15 (improve) their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majority of young people use their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 16 (try) to increase awareness about this problem. 【答案】 16．trying 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍手机上瘾的现象，以及一些学生和专家为解决此问题所作的努力。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：手机上瘾的问题早在几年前就被发现了，专家和心理学家试图提高人们对这个问题的认识。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语experts and psychologists和try之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填trying。 （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 18 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 19 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 20 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. 【答案】18．Having won 19．to improve 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用having done形式，首字母大写。故填Having won。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处improve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to improve。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点题型·重点语法攻略 专题20 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，北京高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 非谓语动词在北京近五年高考中的考查主要有： 不定式: 1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）； 2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型； 3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。 动词ing: 1．动词ing作的句法功能； 2. 动词ing的各种形式及其意义。 过去分词: 1．过去分词作状语； 2．过去分词作定语； 3. 过去分词作宾补； 4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。 题型01 动词不定式 【题型诠释】 【典例】 【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 题型02 动名词 【题型诠释】 【典例】 【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 题型03 现在分词 【题型诠释】 【典例】 【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 题型04 过去分词：done 【题型诠释】 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 【典例】 【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【高考真题】 1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 4.【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 5.【2023北京卷】She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 7.【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 8. 【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 9.【2021年北京卷】From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 10.【2021年北京卷】The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 12.【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 【最新模考】 【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 15 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 17 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandon) at the age of 6 by his poor parents! Charles Mulli was forced to become a street beggar in order to survive. Yet even in the midst of his poverty and despair, he still dreamed of being an important man someday. He 16 (labor) at many difficult jobs for the following several years. Mulli then saved money and bought a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transportation service company with a fleet of vehicles. All of his hard work turned Mull into a millionaire and an important man. 【2024年人大附中高三三模】Some university students carried out a campaign 14 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones This move was 15 (improve) their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majority of young people use their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 16 (try) to increase awareness about this problem. （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 18 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 19 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 20 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$