专题19 形容词副词- 2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（北京专用）

热点题型·重点语法攻略 专题19 形容词副词 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。 1.名词 noun n. student  学生 2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6.数词 numeral num. three 三 7.冠词 article art. a 一个 8.介词 preposition prep. at 在... 9.连词 conjunction conj. and 和 10.感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。 【知识要点1】基本句法功能 1、形容词主要用来修饰名词，在句子中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，跟定冠词the连用时，相当于名词，可以充当主语和宾语。   I bought a new book yesterday. （形容词作定语）   He is tall. （形容词作表语）   We can make it more beautiful. （形容词作宾语补足语）   Tired, he fell asleep quickly. （形容词作状语）   The poor are poor. （the+形容词作主语）   We should help the poor. （the+形容词作宾语） 2、副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，在句子中充当状语。  He runs very fast. （副词very，修饰副词fast，而副词fast修饰动词run）  The book is quite interesting. （副词quite，修饰形容词interesting） 【知识要点2】比较级最高级 1、形容词和副词的比较级，用于两者之间的比较，常与than连用。   He is taller than his classmates. 2、形容词和副词的最高级，用于三者及三者以上的对象中，表示：“（在……中）最……”。在使用最高级时，句中往往要出现表示范围的词语或结构。   He is the tallest in his class. 3、比较级的两个特殊用法：   （1）在否定句中使用比较级，可以表示最高级意思。即：比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级意义。   I have never seen a better one.  (=This is the best one that I have ever seen.)   （2）比较级与than any other/than others连用，表示最高级意义。   Shanghai is bigger than any other city/than other cities in China. (=Shanghai is the biggest city in China.) 题型01 形容词变副词 【题型诠释】 情况 变化规则 示例 一般情况 直接加-ly sharp→sharply; particular→particularly; extreme→extremely; poor→poorly; recent→recently; fair→fairly; certain→certainly; regular→regularly;slow→slowly;sudden→suddenly; huge→hugely; rare→rarely 以-y结尾的单词 变y为i, 再加-ly easy→easily; angry→angrily; necessary→necessarily; clumsy→clumsily(注意：y的读音同“ai”，直接加-ly，如：shy→shyly) 以le结尾的单词 去e,再加-y gentle→gently; terrible→terribly; comfortable→comfortably(特殊情况：whole→wholly) 以-ue结尾的单词 去e,再加-ly true→truly 以-ic结尾的单词 加-ally basic→basically; scientific→scientifically specific→specifically (特殊情况：public→publicly) 以-ll结尾的单词 只加-y full→fully; dull→dully 题型02 常考形容词后缀 【题型诠释】 形容词后缀 用法 示例 -al 表示“属于...的， 具有...性质的” globe→global; option→optional; tradition→traditional; nature→natural; person→personal; music→musical; origin→original -ful 用于名词或动词后，表示“富有...的，充满...的，有...性质的” beauty→beautiful；wonder→wonderful；care→careful；success →successful；meaning→meaningful；pain→painful；peace→peaceful；power→powerful；faith→faithful -ing 用于动词后，表示“令/使人...的”或“...的”或“正在...的” 令人...的：amaze→amazing; convince→convincing; encourage→encouraging; inspire→inspiring; freeze→freezing...的：care→caring; shine→shining/shiny; exist→existing; visit→visiting正在...的：fall→falling                           -ed 用于动词后，表示“具有...特征的”或“被...的”或“感到...的” 有...的：sight→sighted；qualify→qualified; fail→failed; advance→advanced被...的：import→imported; intend→intended; build→built已经...的：fall→fallen; boil→boiled; retire→retired感到...的：please→pleased; move→moved; excite→excited; disappoint→disappointed -ble(-able/-ible) 表示“可/能...的，具有...性质的” remark→remarkable; value→valuable; afford→affordable; knowledge→knowledgeable；reason→reasonable; comfort→comfortable; access→accessible -y 表示“充满...的，有...倾向的，似...地” wealth→wealthy；fog→foggy；guilt→guilty;noise→noisy; taste→tasty；smell→smelly; luck→lucky; ice→icy; juice→juicy; word→wordy -ive 表示“有…性质的，有…倾向的” Impress→impressive; effect→effective; create→creative -ous 表示“有...性质的，充满...的” anxiety→anxious; humor→humorous; continue→continuous; courage→courageous; variety→various; curiosity→curious         -ly 表示“具有……性质或特点的，每隔……时间的” friend→friendly; dead→deadly; live→lively; love→lovely; day→daily; week→weekly; month→monthly -ic 表示“与……有关的” history→historic; symbol→symbolic; system→systematic; hero→heroic -en 表示“由……制成(或构成)的，像……一样的” wood→wooden; wool→woollen; gold→golden 【高考真题】 1.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1111．threw (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 【答案】exactly 【解析】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 2.【2022年北京卷】That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). 【答案】worse 【解析】考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。 3.【2021年北京卷】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home． 【16题详解】safely 考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。 4.【2020年北京卷】 Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible. 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。 5.【2020年北京卷】They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise. 【10题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。 【最新模考】 （2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many of our actions are initiated by emotion. Challenging situations will arise in our lives and 11 we handle these situations is a mark of how mature and independent we are. Keeping our emotions 12 dominating our lives is essential because stable emotion brings a sense of contentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 13 (help) techniques to control our emotions, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises. 【答案】 13．helpful 【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。作者介绍了控制情绪的重要性以及几种实用的方法。 13．考查形容词。 句意：幸运的是，有许多有用的技巧来控制我们的情绪，比如冥想、瑜伽和呼吸练习。本空用形容词helpful“有帮助的”，修饰名词techniques，作定语。故填helpful。 （2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Lauren Schroeder, a high school student, 17 (show) up to a community food drive last year, she saw what people there got — just a lot of 18 (can) goods. She decided to become the change she wanted to see. Schroeder grew 7,000 pounds of produce and gave it all away to food banks. Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for 19 (supply) and seeds. Her goal is 20 (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. 【答案】 18．canned 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要说明了高中生劳伦·施罗德种植了7000磅农产品，并全部捐给了食品银行。她的工作引起了美国未来农民组织的注意，该组织给了她一些钱来购买物资和种子。她的目标是在毕业前捐出2万磅蔬菜。 18．考查形容词。句意：去年，高中生劳伦·施罗德参加了一个社区食品募捐活动，她看到那里的人们有很多罐头食品。修饰名词goods应用形容词canned，表示“罐头的”。故填canned。 （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 11 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally 12 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 13 (happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind 14 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 【答案】11．stressful 12．healthier 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。 11．考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词periods应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。 12．考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“become better”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点题型·重点语法攻略 专题19 形容词副词 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。 1.名词 noun n. student  学生 2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6.数词 numeral num. three 三 7.冠词 article art. a 一个 8.介词 preposition prep. at 在... 9.连词 conjunction conj. and 和 10.感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。 【知识要点1】基本句法功能 1、形容词主要用来修饰名词，在句子中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，跟定冠词the连用时，相当于名词，可以充当主语和宾语。   I bought a new book yesterday. （形容词作定语）   He is tall. （形容词作表语）   We can make it more beautiful. （形容词作宾语补足语）   Tired, he fell asleep quickly. （形容词作状语）   The poor are poor. （the+形容词作主语）   We should help the poor. （the+形容词作宾语） 2、副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，在句子中充当状语。  He runs very fast. （副词very，修饰副词fast，而副词fast修饰动词run）  The book is quite interesting. （副词quite，修饰形容词interesting） 【知识要点2】比较级最高级 1、形容词和副词的比较级，用于两者之间的比较，常与than连用。   He is taller than his classmates. 2、形容词和副词的最高级，用于三者及三者以上的对象中，表示：“（在……中）最……”。在使用最高级时，句中往往要出现表示范围的词语或结构。   He is the tallest in his class. 3、比较级的两个特殊用法：   （1）在否定句中使用比较级，可以表示最高级意思。即：比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级意义。   I have never seen a better one.  (=This is the best one that I have ever seen.)   （2）比较级与than any other/than others连用，表示最高级意义。   Shanghai is bigger than any other city/than other cities in China. (=Shanghai is the biggest city in China.) 题型01 形容词变副词 【题型诠释】 情况 变化规则 示例 一般情况 直接加-ly sharp→sharply; particular→particularly; extreme→extremely; poor→poorly; recent→recently; fair→fairly; certain→certainly; regular→regularly;slow→slowly;sudden→suddenly; huge→hugely; rare→rarely 以-y结尾的单词 变y为i, 再加-ly easy→easily; angry→angrily; necessary→necessarily; clumsy→clumsily(注意：y的读音同“ai”，直接加-ly，如：shy→shyly) 以le结尾的单词 去e,再加-y gentle→gently; terrible→terribly; comfortable→comfortably(特殊情况：whole→wholly) 以-ue结尾的单词 去e,再加-ly true→truly 以-ic结尾的单词 加-ally basic→basically; scientific→scientifically specific→specifically (特殊情况：public→publicly) 以-ll结尾的单词 只加-y full→fully; dull→dully 题型02 常考形容词后缀 【题型诠释】 形容词后缀 用法 示例 -al 表示“属于...的， 具有...性质的” globe→global; option→optional; tradition→traditional; nature→natural; person→personal; music→musical; origin→original -ful 用于名词或动词后，表示“富有...的，充满...的，有...性质的” beauty→beautiful；wonder→wonderful；care→careful；success →successful；meaning→meaningful；pain→painful；peace→peaceful；power→powerful；faith→faithful -ing 用于动词后，表示“令/使人...的”或“...的”或“正在...的” 令人...的：amaze→amazing; convince→convincing; encourage→encouraging; inspire→inspiring; freeze→freezing...的：care→caring; shine→shining/shiny; exist→existing; visit→visiting正在...的：fall→falling                           -ed 用于动词后，表示“具有...特征的”或“被...的”或“感到...的” 有...的：sight→sighted；qualify→qualified; fail→failed; advance→advanced被...的：import→imported; intend→intended; build→built已经...的：fall→fallen; boil→boiled; retire→retired感到...的：please→pleased; move→moved; excite→excited; disappoint→disappointed -ble(-able/-ible) 表示“可/能...的，具有...性质的” remark→remarkable; value→valuable; afford→affordable; knowledge→knowledgeable；reason→reasonable; comfort→comfortable; access→accessible -y 表示“充满...的，有...倾向的，似...地” wealth→wealthy；fog→foggy；guilt→guilty;noise→noisy; taste→tasty；smell→smelly; luck→lucky; ice→icy; juice→juicy; word→wordy -ive 表示“有…性质的，有…倾向的” Impress→impressive; effect→effective; create→creative -ous 表示“有...性质的，充满...的” anxiety→anxious; humor→humorous; continue→continuous; courage→courageous; variety→various; curiosity→curious         -ly 表示“具有……性质或特点的，每隔……时间的” friend→friendly; dead→deadly; live→lively; love→lovely; day→daily; week→weekly; month→monthly -ic 表示“与……有关的” history→historic; symbol→symbolic; system→systematic; hero→heroic -en 表示“由……制成(或构成)的，像……一样的” wood→wooden; wool→woollen; gold→golden 【高考真题】 1.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1111．threw (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 2.【2022年北京卷】That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). 3.【2021年北京卷】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home． 4.【2020年北京卷】 Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible. 5.【2020年北京卷】They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise. 【最新模考】 （2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many of our actions are initiated by emotion. Challenging situations will arise in our lives and 11 we handle these situations is a mark of how mature and independent we are. Keeping our emotions 12 dominating our lives is essential because stable emotion brings a sense of contentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 13 (help) techniques to control our emotions, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises. （2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Lauren Schroeder, a high school student, 17 (show) up to a community food drive last year, she saw what people there got — just a lot of 18 (can) goods. She decided to become the change she wanted to see. Schroeder grew 7,000 pounds of produce and gave it all away to food banks. Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for 19 (supply) and seeds. Her goal is 20 (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 11 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally 12 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 13 (happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind 14 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$