专题14 阅读表达- 2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（北京专用）

热点题型·阅读表达攻略 专题14 阅读表达 阅读表达题是2021年北京高考新增题型。本题要求阅读完一篇文章(300词左右，但模拟考试题文章篇幅略长一些)，文体不限(2021年为说明文，2022年为记叙文，2023年为说明文)，回答4道小题，包括细节信息题、改错题和开放写作题。 命题特点及考查点 第1,2小题通常为获取事实信息题，主要考查学生获取语篇中重要信息，并根据问题组织语言做出精准、简洁的回答。 第3小题是判断正误及解释题。本题需要学生将错误信息部分下划线并进行解释。本题考查点在于判断理解、解释，语言表达及逻辑连贯方面的能力。 第4小题为开放写作题，分值为5分，要求学生写一段40词左右的文段，就某一问题进行阐述或发表观点。本小题不仅考查考生把握文章作者观点以及运用语言发表观点、反映情感态度和价值观的能力，对考生的文章理解、观点输出和语言表达能力也提出了较大挑战，是考生普遍感到困难的一道题。 阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则: (1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。 (2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。 (3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。 其次,审题时要注意两个方面: (1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。 (2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。 题型01 细节理解题 【题型诠释】 细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who, what, where, when, why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。这类题型的提问方式常为: Do your eyes need everyday attention? When/Where did the story happen? Who put rubbish into different bags? 凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。 原文:On the first day of school, our professor introduced a little old lady to us. 问题:Who did the professor introduce on the first day of school? 思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little old lady. 题型02 主旨大意题 【题型诠释】 主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。 主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea of the passage? /What is the passage mainly about? /What is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage? /What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? /What does the writer want to tell us? 由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。 ★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。 原文:Each educational system has its own advantages. For example, the Japanese students learn more math and science than American students by the end of high school. The advantage of the educational system in America is that students learn to think by themselves. The teaching method makes them more creative. 问题:What does the writer want to tell us? 思路:通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:Each educational system has its own advantages. ★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。 原文:首段末句:But what about blue food? 第二段末句:Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual colors of red, green, brown, yellow and orange. 第三段末句:This is perhaps why we don’t usually use blue food coloring for drinks, cakes and other food. 第四段首句:Some people say we eat with our eyes. 尾段:So will we ever see blue foods on our plates? The answer seems to be “no”, at least in countries like the UK and the USA. 问题:What is the passage mainly about? 思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:People don’t like the blue food and the reasons. 题型03 信息归纳题 【题型诠释】 要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。 原文:I never knew her and nor did I know what to do, but I was there, saying some comforting words to a stranger in pain. I asked her to stand still for a few minutes. We then looked for a place for her to sit. From out of nowhere, her friend joined us. 问题:What did the writer do for the girl? 思路:通过寻读并整合信息,考生应回答出两点:The writer said some comforting words to her and looked for a place for her to sit. 题型04 开放性问答题 【题型诠释】 要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。 开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。 原文:According to an international survey in 2016, young people in emerging(新兴的)countries like China and India have a greater sense of hope for the future, compared with those living in developed areas such as Europe, North America and Australia. … It was found that 53% of those questioned in China thought the world was becoming a better place—the highest among the countries surveyed. Some of them also felt hopeful about the future because of the development of technology. However, young people in France, Italy and Turkey had a pessimistic outlook on the future. 问题:What’s your opinion of the future? And why? 思路:通过阅读获悉在新兴国家,如中国和印度,年轻人由于技术的进步对未来充满希望,而法国、意大利和土耳其的年轻人则持消极态度。此题虽为开放性题目,但考生应结合自身国籍考虑,参考答案为:I feel hopeful about the future, because the technology is developing quickly. 考生在答完五道试题后,要进行复读审核。要对照短文内容对所写答案进行审核,反复斟酌,做出修正,以减少错误和疏漏。 【高考真题】 【2024北京卷】 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43. In the story success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 【2023北京卷】 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 40．How are habits built? 41．In what way is a routine different from a habit? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 43．What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 【答案】40．Habits are built through learning and repetition. 41．A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 42．Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 43．I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。 41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。 42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 43．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 【2022北京卷】 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】 40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。 【40.【解析】 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 【41.【解析】 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 【42.【解析】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 【43.【解析】 开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 【2021北京卷】 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 40. According to this passage，what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 【答案】40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 43. Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other.（参考答案） 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 【43题详解】 考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other. 【最新模考】 （2024·北京西城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 1．What made the plane on which they were flying crash? 2．Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. 4．What lesson can you learn from the story?  (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Engine problems. 2．Because the weather was bad. 3．The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 4．The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四名哥伦比亚儿童在亚马逊失事后幸存超过一个月，靠着他们土著背景和对雨林的熟悉生存下来。他们知道如何在丛林中找到食物，并且与亚马逊和谐相处。经过40天的搜救，他们被发现并送往医院康复。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023.(他们乘坐的单引擎塞斯纳飞机在2023年5月1日出现了发动机问题，随后消失了。)”可知，他们乘坐的飞机坠毁了是因为引擎出了问题。故答案为Engine problems. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. (恶劣的天气使军队在两周内无法找到坠机地点，后来他们在那里发现了三具成年人的尸体，其中包括孩子们的母亲。)”可知，事故发生后军队花了很长时间才找到孩子们是因为恶劣的天气。故答案为Because the weather was bad. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.(他们与亚马逊合作，而不是对抗亚马逊，他们靠水果和种子生存，同时给婴儿喂食他们在飞机上找到的混合了丝兰粉的水。)”可知，孩子们幸存下来不是因为他们与雨林作斗争，而是因为他们利用了对雨林的深入了解。他们知道哪些水果可以安全食用，哪些植物应该避免食用，利用雨林的资源而不是与之对抗，因此错误的部分为“fighting against(对抗亚马逊雨林)”，故答案为The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 4．开放性试题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.(虽然世界上许多人都认为这个幸存的故事是一个奇迹，但也有人指出，这是土著社区世代相传的古老而亲密的热带雨林知识的结果。土著部落与亚马逊有着密切的关系，他们深深尊重为他们提供住所和营养成分的森林。毫无疑问，正是他们与雨林的密切联系和对雨林的了解帮助了孩子们的生存。)”可知，这个故事强调了传统知识和尊重环境的重要性。它强调了土著智慧的价值和他们对自然的深刻理解，展示了这些知识如何对在充满挑战的情况下生存至关重要，故答案为The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. （2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I think about running a timed mile in elementary school PE class, I can still feel the full-body sensation of stress. The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students, which included five events: the mile run, sit-ups, pull-ups or push-ups, a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run. Twice a year, the top 15 percent of participants nationwide were honored with a Physical Fitness Award. At my school, the winners’names were painted on one of the gym’s walls. For years I stared admiringly at those names, wondering if I would ever make the cut. But no matter how hard I tried, I could never pull my chin above the bar. I believe deeply in the value of physical activity for both the mind and the body. However, it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dozen half-marathons, at a comfortable pace, that I even began to believe I was a sportswoman. I’ve heard similar stories from many people. My friend Natalia, a group fitness instructor, said that for years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks to her experience in PE class. It was only when she took a fitness class that she began to see herself as physically capable. Their experiences, and my own, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports, there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life. It’s taken years to meet myself where I am. When I run a mile these days, I feel so good by the end that I want to run another. I still can’t do a traditional pull-up, but a trainer at my gym recently introduced me to assisted pull-ups with resistance bands; I delight in finally feeling up to the task. Fitness shouldn’t be for the few. We all benefit from sports, whether we earn our names on the wall or not. 5．What is the National Physical Fitness Test? 6．What was in her mind when the author stared at the names on the wall? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. 8．What do you think of the idea “fitness shouldn’t be for the few” in the last paragraph? （In about 40 words） 【答案】5．It is a biennial assessment given to elementary through high school students. 6．She was wondering if she would ever make the cut. 7．According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. According to the passage, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment but there is definitely a positive opportunity for them to make sports a source of joy in their life. 8．I agree with the idea that "fitness shouldn't be for the few," as it promotes inclusivity and encourages everyone to participate in physical activities. It emphasizes the importance of sports for all individuals, regardless of their athletic abilities. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了体育课和体能评估对个人自我认知的影响，以及体育运动对身心健康的价值。 5．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students(一英里跑是全国体能测试的一部分，这是一项每两年对从小学至高中学生进行的评估)”可知，全国体能测试是一项两年一次的评估，对象是小学到高中的学生。故答案为：It is a biennial assessment given to elementary through high school students。 6．考查细节理解。根据第一段“For years I stared admiringly at those names, wondering if I would ever make the cut.(多年来，我一直羡慕地凝视着那些名字，想知道自己是否有一天也能成为其中的一员)”可知，作者盯着墙上的名字，想知道自己是否能达到要求。故答案为：She was wondering if she would ever make the cut。 7．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Their experiences, and my own, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports, there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life.( 他们的经历和我自己的经历让我相信，即使体育课和体能评估未能让你与运动建立起积极的关系，肯定也有一个积极的机会，让运动成为你生命中的快乐源泉)”可知，作者认为，即使体育课和体能测试不能让你与运动建立起积极的关系，也一定有积极的机会让它成为你生活中的乐趣来源。所以陈述中“and then they will find it difficult(然后他们将发现……困难)”表述错误，应修改为“but there is definitely a positive opportunity for them(但是肯定也有一个积极的机会使他们……)”，故答案为：According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. According to the passage, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment but there is definitely a positive opportunity for them to make sports a source of joy in their life 8．开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如根据最后一段中的“We all benefit from sports, whether we earn our names on the wall or not.”可知，我们都能从运动中受益，不管我们的名字是否出现在墙上。由此可知，健身是每个人都应该享有的权利，而不是少数人的特权。故答案为：I agree with the idea that “fitness shouldn't be for the few,” as it promotes inclusivity and encourages everyone to participate in physical activities. It emphasizes the importance of sports for all individuals, regardless of their athletic abilities. （2024·北京昌平·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I always wanted to be like explorers Marco Polo or Ibn Battuta. They traveled the world with curiosity and a desire to share with others the marvels they discovered. They had no Internet, guidebooks, social media, blogs, vlogs, reviews, or slideshows. And with so much information available, how can one possibly be like these travel writing pioneers? The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students. I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms. And how does that work out? I have contributed to 130 international publications with articles about what I discovered. I do not recommend this approach to everyone. But what I do suggest is that you give up your desire to have everything planned in advance, and that you stop obsessing about all the trip details and trying to make it a perfect trip. Whether you are traveling with a tour group, friends, family, or solo, leave unstructured time, so magic can happen. Many people I know approach travel like a job, and a stressful one at that. They want to make sure they cover all the bases and don’t miss anything. But in my opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. So how do you make your trip unique? I call it slow travel. It’s not just about slowing down. Instead of running from place to place, you look around you, you take your environment in, you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before. You can start talking to people. Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for. They may tell you about places and events that will enrich your trip. They give you local insider tips. They may even accompany you or invite you to join them for an experience. They have enriched every trip I have taken. And the more you talk to people — even if you are shy — the more you develop the self - confidence to do more of it. And then you are really in the present, having an experience that is uniquely yours. 9．Why does the author’s way of travelling shock her students? 10．What does the author think of most people’s way of travelling? 11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. 12．Besides slow travel, in what other aspect （s） in our life do you think we should slow down? Why? （In about 40 words） 【答案】9．The author plans nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to him/her on its own terms. 10．In the author’s opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. 11．You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. According to the passage, the writer thinks we can make our trip unique by slow travel. We can notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before and talking with local people. Making a detailed plan is not part of slow travel. 12．言之有理即可 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文论述了作者对旅游方式的看法。 9．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students. I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms.”（答案可能会让你震惊，就像我的旅行新闻系学生一样。我什么都不提前计划，除了有一个地方住，让这个地方自己向我展示自己的条件）可知，作者的旅行方式让她的学生感到震惊是因为作者什么都不提前计划，除了有一个地方住，让这个地方自己向作者展示自己的条件。故回答为：The author plans nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to him/her on its own terms. 10．考查细节理解题。根据第四段“But in my opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list.”（但在我看来，他们只是照搬前人的做法，然后在一个列表上检查旅游景点。）可知，作者认为大多数人的旅行方式只是照搬前人的做法，然后在一个列表上检查每个旅游景点。故回答为：In the author’s opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. 11．考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“I call it slow travel. It’s not just about slowing down. Instead of running from place to place, you look around you, you take your environment in, you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before. You can start talking to people. Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for.”（我称之为慢旅行。这不仅仅是减速。你不再从一个地方跑到另一个地方，而是要环顾四周，融入周围的环境，注意到一些可能从来没有人注意到的东西。你可以开始和别人交流了。你遇到和交谈的随机的人是你不能计划的一个关键因素。）可知，“by making a detailed plan”是错误的。作者认为我们可以通过慢速旅行使我们的旅行与众不同。我们可以注意到以前可能没有人注意到的事情，并与当地人交谈。制定详细的计划不是慢速旅行的一部分。故回答为：You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. According to the passage, the writer thinks we can make our trip unique by slow travel. We can notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before and talking with local people. Making a detailed plan is not part of slow travel. 12．考查开放性试题。除了慢旅行，我认为生活的节奏应该慢下来，慢节奏的生活能让我们不焦虑，使我们体验到生活的美和意义。故回答为：I think the pace of life should be slow and slow pace of life can let us not worry, making us experience the beauty and meaning of life. （2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 How Gratitude Makes You Happier Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude. Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity, which are induced by oxytocin, a hormone released by the brain. Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life. 13．What does happiness include besides what we usually think? 14．On what does gratitude have a positive influence? 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. 16．How can you exercise being grateful? (In about 40 words) 【答案】13．It includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. 14．(Both) physical (health) and mental health. 15．Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they value “moderation”, a just enoughness. 16．One way to practice gratitude is to keep a daily gratitude journal and write down three things you are grateful for each day. Another practice is to often reflect on the positive factors in your life and cultivate an attitude of gratitude, which can also cultivate gratitude. 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲解了感恩如何使人更快乐，内容涉及感恩对身心健康的具体益处，并引用了研究结果作为支持，还举了斯堪的纳维亚人幸福感的例子来阐述观点，最后提出建议。 13．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中的“We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction.  But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. (我们通常认为幸福是一种主观的幸福感，一种快乐和满足的感觉。但幸福不仅仅是一种情感或短暂的感觉，它还包括一种深刻的意义、价值和生活目的。感恩以与所有这些相关的方式支持幸福。)”可知，除了我们通常认为的，幸福还包括生活中深刻的意义、价值和目标感。故答案为It includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. 14．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. (研究表明，感恩对我们的身体健康有着深远的影响。)”以及第三段中的“Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. (感恩对心理健康也有着强烈的积极影响。)”可知，感恩对身体健康和心理健康都有积极影响。故答案为：(Both) physical (health) and mental health. 15．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人自己决定着他们的幸福水平。他们欣赏一个运转良好的社会，在那里他们有经济保障，社会机构支持每个人。然而，还有其他一些事情。他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好。他们不会追求幸福，也不会一次加班好几个月。他们对健康的工作与生活平衡心存感激。由于这种满足和知足，他们觉得自己的生活有价值。)”可知，“Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们觉得自己的生命有价值。)”逻辑错误，正确的逻辑应该是：斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好的状态。故答案为：Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. 16．考查语言表达。练习感恩的一种方法是每天写一本感恩日记，写下你每天感激的三件事。另一种做法是经常反思生活中的积极因素，培养感恩的态度，也可以培养感恩。故答案为：One way to practice gratitude is to keep a daily gratitude journal and write down three things you are grateful for each day. Another practice is to often reflect on the positive factors in your life and cultivate an attitude of gratitude, which can also cultivate gratitude. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点题型·阅读表达攻略 专题14 阅读表达 阅读表达题是2021年北京高考新增题型。本题要求阅读完一篇文章(300词左右，但模拟考试题文章篇幅略长一些)，文体不限(2021年为说明文，2022年为记叙文，2023年为说明文)，回答4道小题，包括细节信息题、改错题和开放写作题。 命题特点及考查点 第1,2小题通常为获取事实信息题，主要考查学生获取语篇中重要信息，并根据问题组织语言做出精准、简洁的回答。 第3小题是判断正误及解释题。本题需要学生将错误信息部分下划线并进行解释。本题考查点在于判断理解、解释，语言表达及逻辑连贯方面的能力。 第4小题为开放写作题，分值为5分，要求学生写一段40词左右的文段，就某一问题进行阐述或发表观点。本小题不仅考查考生把握文章作者观点以及运用语言发表观点、反映情感态度和价值观的能力，对考生的文章理解、观点输出和语言表达能力也提出了较大挑战，是考生普遍感到困难的一道题。 阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则: (1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。 (2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。 (3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。 其次,审题时要注意两个方面: (1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。 (2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。 题型01 细节理解题 【题型诠释】 细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who, what, where, when, why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。这类题型的提问方式常为: Do your eyes need everyday attention? When/Where did the story happen? Who put rubbish into different bags? 凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。 题型02 主旨大意题 【题型诠释】 主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。 主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea of the passage? /What is the passage mainly about? /What is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage? /What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? /What does the writer want to tell us? 由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。 ★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。 原文:Each educational system has its own advantages. For example, the Japanese students learn more math and science than American students by the end of high school. The advantage of the educational system in America is that students learn to think by themselves. The teaching method makes them more creative. 问题:What does the writer want to tell us? 思路:通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:Each educational system has its own advantages. ★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。 原文:首段末句:But what about blue food? 第二段末句:Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual colors of red, green, brown, yellow and orange. 第三段末句:This is perhaps why we don’t usually use blue food coloring for drinks, cakes and other food. 第四段首句:Some people say we eat with our eyes. 尾段:So will we ever see blue foods on our plates? The answer seems to be “no”, at least in countries like the UK and the USA. 问题:What is the passage mainly about? 思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:People don’t like the blue food and the reasons. 题型03 信息归纳题 【题型诠释】 要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。 原文:I never knew her and nor did I know what to do, but I was there, saying some comforting words to a stranger in pain. I asked her to stand still for a few minutes. We then looked for a place for her to sit. From out of nowhere, her friend joined us. 问题:What did the writer do for the girl? 思路:通过寻读并整合信息,考生应回答出两点:The writer said some comforting words to her and looked for a place for her to sit. 题型04 开放性问答题 【题型诠释】 要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。 开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。 原文:According to an international survey in 2016, young people in emerging(新兴的)countries like China and India have a greater sense of hope for the future, compared with those living in developed areas such as Europe, North America and Australia. … It was found that 53% of those questioned in China thought the world was becoming a better place—the highest among the countries surveyed. Some of them also felt hopeful about the future because of the development of technology. However, young people in France, Italy and Turkey had a pessimistic outlook on the future. 问题:What’s your opinion of the future? And why? 思路:通过阅读获悉在新兴国家,如中国和印度,年轻人由于技术的进步对未来充满希望,而法国、意大利和土耳其的年轻人则持消极态度。此题虽为开放性题目,但考生应结合自身国籍考虑,参考答案为:I feel hopeful about the future, because the technology is developing quickly. 考生在答完五道试题后,要进行复读审核。要对照短文内容对所写答案进行审核,反复斟酌,做出修正,以减少错误和疏漏。 【高考真题】 【2024北京卷】 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【2023北京卷】 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 40．How are habits built? 41．In what way is a routine different from a habit? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 43．What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 【2022北京卷】 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 【2021北京卷】 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 40. According to this passage，what is arguing？ 41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） 【最新模考】 （2024·北京西城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 1．What made the plane on which they were flying crash? 2．Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. 4．What lesson can you learn from the story?  (In about 40 words) （2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I think about running a timed mile in elementary school PE class, I can still feel the full-body sensation of stress. The mile run was part of the National Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given to elementary through high school students, which included five events: the mile run, sit-ups, pull-ups or push-ups, a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run. Twice a year, the top 15 percent of participants nationwide were honored with a Physical Fitness Award. At my school, the winners’names were painted on one of the gym’s walls. For years I stared admiringly at those names, wondering if I would ever make the cut. But no matter how hard I tried, I could never pull my chin above the bar. I believe deeply in the value of physical activity for both the mind and the body. However, it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dozen half-marathons, at a comfortable pace, that I even began to believe I was a sportswoman. I’ve heard similar stories from many people. My friend Natalia, a group fitness instructor, said that for years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks to her experience in PE class. It was only when she took a fitness class that she began to see herself as physically capable. Their experiences, and my own, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail to make you develop a positive relationship with sports, there is definitely a positive opportunity to make it a source of joy in your life. It’s taken years to meet myself where I am. When I run a mile these days, I feel so good by the end that I want to run another. I still can’t do a traditional pull-up, but a trainer at my gym recently introduced me to assisted pull-ups with resistance bands; I delight in finally feeling up to the task. Fitness shouldn’t be for the few. We all benefit from sports, whether we earn our names on the wall or not. 5．What is the National Physical Fitness Test? 6．What was in her mind when the author stared at the names on the wall? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the author, many people fail in PE class or fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult to make sports a source of joy in their life. 8．What do you think of the idea “fitness shouldn’t be for the few” in the last paragraph? （In about 40 words） （2024·北京昌平·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I always wanted to be like explorers Marco Polo or Ibn Battuta. They traveled the world with curiosity and a desire to share with others the marvels they discovered. They had no Internet, guidebooks, social media, blogs, vlogs, reviews, or slideshows. And with so much information available, how can one possibly be like these travel writing pioneers? The answer may shock you as it did my travel journalism students. I plan nothing in advance except for a place to stay and let the place reveal itself to me on its own terms. And how does that work out? I have contributed to 130 international publications with articles about what I discovered. I do not recommend this approach to everyone. But what I do suggest is that you give up your desire to have everything planned in advance, and that you stop obsessing about all the trip details and trying to make it a perfect trip. Whether you are traveling with a tour group, friends, family, or solo, leave unstructured time, so magic can happen. Many people I know approach travel like a job, and a stressful one at that. They want to make sure they cover all the bases and don’t miss anything. But in my opinion, they copy what others have done before them and check each site off on a list. So how do you make your trip unique? I call it slow travel. It’s not just about slowing down. Instead of running from place to place, you look around you, you take your environment in, you notice things that perhaps no one has ever noticed before. You can start talking to people. Random people you meet and talk to are a key element you cannot plan for. They may tell you about places and events that will enrich your trip. They give you local insider tips. They may even accompany you or invite you to join them for an experience. They have enriched every trip I have taken. And the more you talk to people — even if you are shy — the more you develop the self - confidence to do more of it. And then you are really in the present, having an experience that is uniquely yours. 9．Why does the author’s way of travelling shock her students? 10．What does the author think of most people’s way of travelling? 11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. You can make your trip unique by making a detailed plan, noticing new things in the place and meeting local people to experience local life. 12．Besides slow travel, in what other aspect （s） in our life do you think we should slow down? Why? （In about 40 words） （2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 How Gratitude Makes You Happier Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude. Gratitude has a strong positive impact on mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also promotes feelings like trust and generosity, which are induced by oxytocin, a hormone released by the brain. Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and where social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enough-ness. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life. 13．What does happiness include besides what we usually think? 14．On what does gratitude have a positive influence? 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Scandinavians don’t work overtime for months at a time because they feel their lives have value. 16．How can you exercise being grateful? (In about 40 words) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$