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法
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题
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讲
练
命题点 6 非谓语动词
(选词填空:
必考 1 道)
考点精讲
非谓语动词在句中不可单独作谓语,
它不受
主语人称和数的限制,
有三种形式:动词不定式、
动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 解答此
类试题时,
考生可参考以下步骤:
1.
判定本题应使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词:判
断句子是否缺少谓语。
(1)若句子缺少谓语,
该动词就用谓语动词形式。
一般情况下,
动词作谓语放在主语之后,
比如
“I
love
you. ”中的 love 就是谓语动词;
(2)若句中已有谓语动词,
而且没有并列连词使
其与所选动词并列,
该动词就用非谓语动词
形式。
2.
判定本题应使用非谓语动词的哪种形式:
(1)根据动词的固定搭配和固定句型来确定;
(2)根据非谓语动词的句法功能来确定用哪种形
式。 如:作主语或宾语,
用动词不定式或动
名词;作目的状语,
用动词不定式等。
考点 1
动词不定式(必考 1 道)
(2022 版课标要求:掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目
的状语)
基本形式:to+动词原形(不定式符号 to 有时可以
省略)
否定形式:not
to+动词原形。
1.
动词不定式( to
do)的句法功能
句法功能 用法及例句
作宾语
(2023. 85)
常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)
(v. + to
do
sth. ) 有: want,
afford,
agree,
choose,
decide,
expect,
fail,
used
to
等。 如:
I
want
to
keep
the
classroom
clean.
我想保
持教室干净。
更多接动词不定式作宾语的动词见《晨
读册》P66
续表
句法功能 用法及例句
作宾语
补足语
常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
(v. +sb. / sth. +
to
do
sth. )有:advise,
allow,
ask,
encourage,
expect,
force,
invite,
tell,
warn 等。 如:
Our
teacher
advises
us
to
keep
the
classroom
clean.
老师建议我们保持教室干净。
更多接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动
词见《晨读册》P67
注意:一些使役动词和感官动词后接动词
不定式作宾语补足语时,
应省略动词不定
式中的 to,
但是变被动语态时,
要还原 to。
此类动词常见的有:
三看(see,
watch,
notice);
三使( let,
make,
have);
一听(hear)和一感觉( feel)。
如: My
mother
made
me
clean
my
room
yesterday
morning.
= I
was
made
to
clean
my
room
by
my
mother
yesterday
morning.
昨天
早上我妈妈让我打扫我的房间。
作状语
▶作目的状语(2024. 79,样卷 85)
Jim
got
up
early
to
cook
breakfast
for
his
mother.
吉姆早起为了给他妈妈做早饭。
▶作结果状语
Paul
is
too
excited
to
say
anything.
保罗
太激动以至于什么也说不出。
▶作原因状语
I
am
very
happy
to
talk
with
you.
我很开
心和你交谈。
作主语
▶动词不定式作主语时,
常用 it 作形式主
语,
真正的主语———动词不定式则被后
置。 如:
Its
important
to
keep
the
classroom
clean.
保持教室干净很重要。
▶若动词不定式位于句首作主语,
谓语动
词用第三人称单数。 如:
To
help
others
makes
James
happy.
帮助别
人使詹姆斯快乐。
88
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续表
句法功能 用法及例句
作定语
动词不定式作定语时,
要置于被修饰的词
之后,
作后置定语。 如:
I
am
not
free
now.
I
have
lots
of
things
to
do.
我现在没空。 我有许多事情要做。
作表语
动词 不 定 式 作 表 语 常 位 于 系 动 词 之
后。 如:
My
purpose
is
to
keep
the
classroom
clean.
我的目的是保持教室干净。
2.
动词不定式的常用句型
(1)too+adj. +to
do
sth.
太……而不能做某事
(2)adj. +enough
to
do
sth.
足够……做某事
(3)prefer
to
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth.
宁愿做某
事而不愿做某事
(4)Its+adj. ( +for
sb. ) +to
do
sth.
(对某人来说)
做某事是……的。
(5)Its +adj. + of
sb. + to
do
sth.
某人做某事是
……的。
(6)Its
time
to
do
sth.
该是做某事的时候了。
(7)Its
ones
turn
to
do
sth.
轮到某人做某事了。
(8)It
takes / took
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
某人花
费多长时间做某事。
(9)find / think / feel
it+adj. +to
do
sth.
发现 / 认为 /
感到做某事是……的。
3.
“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或
表语。 如:
When
to
go
to
Beijing
hasnt
been
decided
yet.
什么时候去北京还没定下来。 ( 作主
语)
I
havent
decided
when
to
leave
Beijing.
我还
没决定什么时候离开北京。 (作宾语)
My
question
is
how
to
go
to
Beijing.
我的问
题是如何去北京。 (作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为
宾语从句。 如:
Can
you
tell
me
where
to
buy
a
cup?
= Can
you
tell
me
where
I
can
buy
a
cup?
你能告诉我在哪里能买到一个杯子吗?
考点 2
动名词(2022 版课标仅作理解要求)
1.
动名词(v. -ing)的句法功能
句法功能 用法及例句
作宾语
作动词宾语:常见接动名词作宾语的动词
(v. +
doing
sth. )有:avoid,
consider,
enjoy,
finish,
imagine,
keep 等。 如:
I
enjoy
playing
football
very
much.
我非常
喜欢踢足球。
更多接动名词作宾语的动词见《晨读
册》P66
作介 词 宾 语: I
have
no
experience
in
teaching
English.
我没有教英语的经验。
作主语
若动名词位于句首作主语,
谓语动词用第
三人称单数。 如:
Getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit.
早起是个
好习惯。
作表语
His
job
is
teaching
Chinese
in
a
school.
他
的工作是在一所学校教汉语。
作定语
We
need
a
washing
machine.
我们需要一台
洗衣机。
2.
动名词的常用搭配或句型
(1)be
good
at / do
well
in
doing
sth.
擅长做某事
(2)be
interested
in
doing
sth. / have
( an)
interest
in
doing
sth.
对做某事感兴趣
(3) be / get / become
used
to
doing
sth.
习惯于做
某事
(4)be
busy
doing
sth.
忙于做某事
(5)be
worth
doing
sth.
值得做某事
(6)cant
help
doing
sth.
情不自禁做某事
(7)feel
like
doing
sth.
想要做某事
(8)give
up
doing
sth.
放弃做某事
(9)have
a
hard
time
in
doing
sth.
做某事很艰难
(10) have
difficulty / problems / trouble
( in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
(11) have
fun
( in)
doing
sth. / have
a
good
time
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事很开心
(12)have
luck
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有运气
(13)look
forward
to
doing
sth.
期望做某事
98
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(14)prefer
doing
to
doing
喜欢做……胜过做
……
(15)stick
to
doing
sth. / hold
on
to
doing
sth.
坚持
做某事
(16)pay
attention
to
doing
sth.
注意做某事
(17) spend+时间 / 金钱+( in)
doing
sth.
花费时
间 / 金钱做某事
(18)succeed
in
doing
sth.
成功做某事
(19)Thank
sb.
for
doing
sth.
因某人做了某事而
感谢某人。
(20)What / How
about
doing
sth. ?
做某事怎么样?
注意
有一些动词后面既可以接动名词,
也可以接
动词不定式:
(1)意义相同类
①like / love
to
do
sth. = like / love
doing
sth.
喜欢 /
喜爱做某事
②begin / start
to
do
sth. = begin / start
doing
sth.
开
始做某事
③hate
to
do
sth. = hate
doing
sth.
讨厌做某事
(2)意义不同类
forget
doing
sth.
忘记做过某事(已做)
forget
to
do
sth.
忘记去做某事(未做){
remember
doing
sth.
记得做过某事(已做)
remember
to
do
sth.
记得去做某事(未做){
regret
doing
sth.
对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
regret
to
do
sth.
对要做的事感到遗憾(未做){
mean
doing
sth.
意味着做某事
mean
to
do
sth.
打算做某事{
need
to
do
sth.
(某人)需要做某事
need
doing
sth.
(某物)需要被……{
stop
doing
sth.
停止做某事
stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做另一件事{
try
doing
sth.
尝试做某事
try
to
do
sth.
设法 / 努力做某事{
考点 3
分词(2022 版课标仅作理解要求)
1.
分词的句法功能
分词包括现在分词 ( v. -ing) 和过去分词
(v. -ed),
其常见句法功能有:
用法 例句
作补
足语
现在分词作补足语,
被
修饰的宾语或主语是
它的逻辑主语(即主动
关系)。
I
hear
my
sister
singing.
我听见我
姐姐 / 妹妹在唱歌。
过去分词作补足语,
被
修饰的宾语或主语是
它的逻辑宾语(即动宾
关系)。
I
had
my
hair
cut
last
night.
昨天晚上我
理发了。
作定语
现在分词作定语,
所修
饰的词是其逻辑主语。
Do
you
know
the
boy
playing
football?
你认识正在踢球的
那个男孩吗?
过去分词作定语,
所修
饰的词是其逻辑宾语。
Please
hand
in
your
written
exercises.
请
上交你(们)的书面
练习。
2.
现在分词与过去分词的区别
角度 意义 示例
语态
现在分词表
示主动意义
a
sleeping
girl
一个正在睡觉
的女孩
an
exciting
story
一个令人兴奋
的故事
过去分词表
示被动意义
the
moved
people
被 感 动 的
人们
a
broken
mirror
打碎的镜子
时间
现在分词表
示正在进行
的动作
developing
countries
发 展 中
国家
boiling
water
沸水
过去分词表
示已完成的
动作
developed
countries
发达国家
boiled
water
已经煮开过的水
(可能是凉开水)
3.
过去分词的常见句型
(1)主语+have / get
sth.
done 使……被……
如:
I
want
to
have / get
these
chairs
fixed.
我想把
这些椅子修理一下。
(2)It
is
+过去分词+that 句型
①It
is
reported
that
据报道……
②It
is
said
that
据说……
③It
is
hoped
that
人们希望……
④It
is
well-known
that
众所周知……
⑤It
is
suggested
that
有人建议……
⑥It
is
required
that
人们要求……
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考点精练
一、单项选择
易错点专练
1.
(2024 自贡) To
save
energy,
dont
forget
C
the
light
before
you
leave
the
room.
A.
turn
off B.
turning
off
C.
to
turn
off
2.
Mary
dances
very
well.
Ill
never
forget
A
her
dance
for
the
first
time.
A.
seeing B.
to
see C.
see
3.
—There
is
a
wonderful
football
match
on
TV
now.
Why
not
stop
B
it?
—OK,
lets
watch
it
together.
A.
watch
B.
to
watch
C.
watching
4.
Our
English
teacher
told
us
to
spend
as
much
time
as
we
can
C
English.
A.
read B.
to
read C.
reading
5.
Nick
felt
terribly
sorry.
He
said
he
didnt
mean
C
the
rule.
A.
break B.
breaking C.
to
break
6.
If
we
want
to
catch
the
first
train,
that
will
mean
B
the
house
at
6:00.
A.
leave B.
leaving C.
to
leave
7.
Its
going
to
rain.
Please
remember
B
the
window
before
you
leave
the
room.
A.
close B.
to
close C.
closing
8.
—I
remember
B
the
theater
ticket
home,
but
I
cant
find
it.
—Dont
worry.
Lets
look
for
it
together.
A.
bring B.
bringing C.
to
bring
9.
( 2020 北部湾经济区 Ⅱ 卷 38 题改编) Now
the
Chinese
government
has
made
laws
C
wild
animals.
A.
protect B.
protected C.
to
protect
10.
(2024 云南改编) Our
headmaster
will
invite
a
scientist
B
us
a
speech
on
space
technology.
A.
give B.
to
give C.
giving
11.
( 2024 凉山州) B teenagers
eyesight,
experts
advise
them
to
stay
away
from
electronic
products.
A.
Protect B.
To
protect C.
Protecting
12.
Its
reported
that
China
plans
C
astronauts
to
the
moon
before
2030.
A.
send B.
sending C.
to
send
13.
Many
people
enjoy
A
zongzi
by
themselves
on
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival.
A.
making B.
made C.
to
make
14.
—The
art
festival
is
coming.
Its
a
good
chance
to
show
ourselves.
—You
are
very
good
at
A .
And
you
will
be
the
most
popular
star.
A.
singing B.
sing C.
to
sing
15.
Boys
and
girls,
good
luck
and
wish
you
C
good
grades
in
a
new
year.
A.
get B.
getting C.
to
get
16.
Today,
we
must
continue
working
B
our
skies
blue,
waters
clean
and
lands
clear.
A.
keep B.
to
keep C.
keeping
17.
If
you
have
difficulty
B
out
the
problem,
you
can
ask
the
teacher
for
help.
A.
work B.
working C.
to
work
18.
—Mike,
we
are
told
not
B
the
phone
while
crossing
the
street.
—I
am
sorry.
I
wont
do
it
again.
A.
answering B.
to
answer C.
answer
19.
—I
have
less
homework
than
before.
—Me
too.
Now
we
have
enough
time
C
books.
A.
read B.
reading C.
to
read
20.
It
took
him
half
an
hour
C
the
violin
last
night.
A.
playing B.
play C.
to
play
21.
—Most
teenagers
like
humorous
TV
shows.
—Me
too.
I
cant
help
A
when
I
watch
them.
A.
laughing B.
to
laugh C.
laugh
22.
Most
of
the
students
are
looking
forward
to
A
themselves
after
the
exams.
A.
relaxing B.
relaxed C.
relax
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23.
—Do
you
know
there
are
more
than
3, 000
languages
B
in
the
world?
—Sorry,
I
have
no
idea.
A.
speaking B.
spoken C.
speak
二、选词填空
visit know make save improve become help
Doctors
are
usually
busy
every
day.
However,
when
I
was
in
primary
school,
my
dream
was
to
1.
a
doctor.
In
fact,
as
a
little
boy,
I
didnt
2.
clearly
about
this
job.
After
I
grow
up,
I
know
its
not
easy
to
be
a
doctor.
Doctors
play
an
important
part
in
3.
lives.
They
are
always
busy
and
dont
have
much
personal
time.
My
grandfather
suffered
from
cancer
(患上癌症) when
I
was
eight
years
old.
One
day,
my
mother
bought
something
for
my
grandfather
and
took
me
to
the
hospital
to
4.
him.
When
I
reached
there,
I
saw
he
seemed
to
be
in
great
pain.
Then
I
asked
my
mom
about
the
reason.
She
told
me
my
grandfather
was
in
bad
health
and
the
doctors
were
trying
to
5.
him
get
healthy
again.
At
that
time,
the
doctors
gave
me
some
hope.
I
know
its
difficult
to
be
a
great
doctor,
so
I
plan
to
6.
myself.
Im
going
to
university
for
higher
education.
If
I
become
a
doctor,
Id
like
to
7.
those
people
in
need.
I
hope
the
world
can
become
better
because
of
great
doctors.
命题点 7 主谓一致(2022 版课标仅作理解要求)
考点精讲
在英语句子中,
谓语受主语支配,
谓语必须
与主语在人称和数上保持一致,
这就叫主谓一
致。 循其规律,
大致可归纳为三个原则:语法一
致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
考点 1
语法一致原则
主 语 谓语 例 句
不可数名词
可数名词单数及
第三人称单数
one
of +可数名词
复数 / 复数代词
either,
neither,
each,
every 或 no
+单数名词
复合不定代词
动词不定式 ( 短
语)、 动名词 ( 短
语)或从句
the
number
of + 可
数名词复数
单数
Water
is
important
to
everyone.
水对每个人都很重要。
The
young
man
is
from
Paris.
那位年轻人来自巴黎。
One
of
the
books
is
boring.
这些书里有一本很无聊。
Each
person
has
a
new
book.
每个人都有一本新书。
Everybody
has
a
chance
to
win.
每个人都有机会赢。
What
he
said
is
very
meaningful. 他 说 的 话 很 有
意义。
The
number
of
the
apples
is
12.
苹果的数量是十二。
续表
主 语 谓语 例 句
a
number
of +可数
名词复数
可数名词复数、人
称代词复数及第
二人称单数 you
and 或 both and
连接的名词
复数
A
number
of
books
were
given
to
the
poor
students.
许多书
被捐给了那些贫穷的学生。
The
children
were
in
the
classroom
two
hours
ago.
那些
孩子们两个小时前在教室里。
Both
Jenny
and
Kate
are
my
friends.
詹妮和凯特都是我的
好朋友。
主 语 后 面 跟 有
with,
together
with,
except,
but,
like,
as
well
as,
rather
than,
including 等
取决
于主
语的
数
The
mother,
together
with
her
three
sons,
was
happy.
这位
妈妈和她的三个儿子都很
开心。
分数 / 百分数+of +
名词
a
lot
of / lots
of /
plenty
of / the
rest
of+
名词
取决
于名
词的
数
60%
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.
我们班百分之
六十的学生是女生。
A
lot
of
people
are
in
the
classroom.
许多人在教室里。
29
参考答案·广西英语(YLNJ)
精
讲
册
9.
A 10.
C 11.
A 12.
A 13.
C 14.
C
二、1.
normal 2.
helps
3.
her 4.
mistakes 5.
share
6.
away 7.
step
8.
because 9.
like 10.
problem
九年级(上)
Units
5~ 6
教材重难精讲练
1.
C 2.
A 3.
C 4.
B 5.
B 6.
C 7.
A
词汇语法综合练
一、1.
B 2.
C 3.
A 4.
B 5.
B 6.
C 7.
C 8.
B
9.
A 10.
C
二、1.
without 2.
traditional 3.
tools 4.
choose
5.
enough 6.
influence 7.
and 8.
done
9.
second 10.
serve
九年级(上)
Units
7~ 8
教材重难精讲练
1.
C 2.
A 3.
B 4.
I
will
study
hard
so
that
I
can
achieve /
realize
my
dream. 5.
C 6.
C 7.
A
8.
B 9.
A 10.
A 11.
A 12.
A
词汇语法综合练
一、1.
C 2.
B 3.
B 4.
C 5.
B 6.
C 7.
A 8.
A
9.
B 10.
A 11.
C 12.
A 13.
C 14.
A 15.
C
二、1.
show
2.
us
3.
promises 4.
money
5.
always
6.
because 7.
tried 8.
leave 9.
from 10.
hard
九年级(下)
Units
1~ 4
教材重难精讲练
1.
C 2.
B 3.
what 4.
if 5.
wonder 6.
C 7.
C
8.
A 9.
B 10.
B 11.
A 12.
I
am
proud
of
China. /
I
take
pride
in
China. 13.
C 14.
B 15.
A 16.
C
17.
B
词汇语法综合练
一、1.
A 2.
A 3.
A 4.
C 5.
B 6.
C 7.
A 8.
B
9.
B 10.
C 11.
C 12.
B
二、1.
earth
2.
different 3.
Their
4.
get 5.
kinds
6.
so
7.
in
8.
grow 9.
slowly 10.
trying
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题一 动词
命题点 1 动词词义辨析
一、1.
A 2.
A 3.
C 4.
B 5.
B 6.
A 7.
C 8.
C
9.
A 10.
A 11.
A 12.
B 13.
C 14.
C 15.
B
16.
B 17.
B 18.
C 19.
A 20.
A
二、1.
A 2.
C 3.
B 4.
B 5.
C 6.
A 7.
C 8.
A
9.
C 10.
C
命题点 2 动词短语辨析
一、1.
A 2.
C 3.
B 4.
A 5.
C 6.
B 7.
B 8.
C
9.
C 10.
B 11.
A 12.
A 13.
C 14.
C 15.
A
16.
B 17.
C 18.
A 19.
A 20.
A 21.
C 22.
C
23.
A 24.
B 25.
B 26.
A 27.
B 28.
B 29.
C
30.
C
二、1.
A 2.
C 3.
B 4.
A 5.
B
命题点 3 情态动词
1.
B 2.
B 3.
C 4.
B 5.
B 6.
C 7.
B 8.
A
9.
A 10.
C 11.
C 12.
B 13.
A 14.
C 15.
A
16.
C 17.
C 18.
C
命题点 4 动词的时态
一、1.
C 2.
A 3.
A 4.
B 5.
C 6.
C 7.
B 8.
C
9.
B 10.
A 11.
C 12.
C 13.
A 14.
A 15.
C
16.
A 17.
B 18.
B 19.
B 20.
A 21.
A 22.
C
23.
B 24.
C 25.
C 26.
B 27.
C 28.
C 29.
C
30.
C 31.
C 32.
A
二、1.
getting 2.
help 3.
put 4.
stood 5.
began
6.
have
命题点 5 动词的语态
一、1.
A 2.
A 3.
C 4.
C 5.
C 6.
B 7.
A 8.
C
9.
C 10.
A 11.
C 12.
A
二、1.
trying 2.
called 3.
collected 4.
solved 5.
used
6.
expected
命题点 6 非谓语动词
一、1.
C 2.
A 3.
B 4.
C 5.
C 6.
B 7.
B 8.
B
9.
C 10.
B 11.
B 12.
C 13.
A 14.
A 15.
C
16.
B 17.
B 18.
B 19.
C 20.
C 21.
A 22.
A
23.
B
二、1.
become 2.
know 3.
saving 4.
visit 5.
make
6.
improve 7.
help
命题点 7 主谓一致
1.
A 2.
B 3.
A 4.
C 5.
C 6.
A 7.
B 8.
C
9.
B 10.
A 11.
B 12.
A
专项提升 动词的适当形式填空
一、Group
1:1.
invented 2.
flew 3.
recycle
4.
succeed 5.
deal 6.
pronunciation
Group
2:1.
give 2.
allowed 3.
translate 4.
follows
5.
spent 6.
decision 7.
drivers
二、Passage
1:1.
make 2.
think 3.
tell 4.
pouring
5.
put 6.
needs 7.
taste 8.
drink
Passage
2:1.
surprise 2.
saw 3.
teach
4.
practising 5.
ride 6.
enjoys
Passage
3:1.
play 2.
jumping 3.
took 4.
winner
5.
brought 6.
were 7.
planted 8.
protect
专题二 名词
命题点 名词词义辨析
一、1.
B 2.
B 3.
C 4.
C 5.
B 6.
A 7.
A 8.
B
9.
C 10.
A 11.
C 12.
C 13.
B 14.
A 15.
B
16.
B 17.
C 18.
B 19.
B 20.
A 21.
C 22.
C
23.
B 24.
A 25.
A 26.
C 27.
C 28.
B 29.
C
30.
C
二、1.
C 2.
B 3.
A 4.
A 5.
B 6.
C
专项提升 名词的适当形式填空
一、Group
1:1.
prize 2.
photos 3.
teeth
4.
neighbour
s 5.
dangerous 6.
artist 7.
advice
Group
2:1.
children 2.
friendly 3.
novels
4.
teachers 5.
information 6.
kites 7.
volunteer
二、Passage
1:1.
culture 2.
traditional 3.
secrets
4