重难点04 语法填空之主谓一致-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点04 语法填空之主谓一致 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 考点1考查语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致） （5年14考） 2024新课标I卷--walks; 2024新课标II卷--were; 2024新课标II卷—was built; 2024全国甲卷--were; 2024九省联考卷—were used; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has established; 2023全国乙卷—was amazed; 2022北京卷—has increased; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2022浙江1月卷—is designed; 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2020新课标—are called. 1. 考查语法一致用法。 2.考查意义一致用法。 3.考查就近一致的用法。 4. 主谓一致往往伴随着动词时态、语态的综合考查，考生应学会在真实语境中加以运用。 考点2考查意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式） （5年1考） 2017江苏--was 考点3考查就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等） （5年4考） 2021北京卷—has been; 2019江苏卷—has given; 2019天津卷—was given; 2017天津卷—is regarded。 考点一：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）。 1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 2. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses. 3. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 4. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people. 5. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far. 6. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.  7. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year. 8.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons. 9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress. 10. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area. 11. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks. 12. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out. 13. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 14. (2019天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 考点二：意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）。 1. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 2. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words. 3. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now. 4. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine. 5. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 6. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 7. The elderly _____________ (take)  good care of in our country at present. 8. The beautiful_______ (be) not always useful, while the young_______(be) always striving for something useless. 9. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time. 考点三：就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等）。 1. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 2. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites. （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等）微练】 1．Not only the parents but also the children ________ (be) going to visit the Bird’s Nest next week. 2．________ (be) either you or I going there tomorrow? 3．It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only natural talent but also years of practice ________ (need). 4．Either you or one of your classmates ________ (be) to attend the sports meeting next week. 5．There ________ (be) a book and two pencils on the desk. 6．In the past thirty years, there ________ (be) great changes in every field of life in our country. 7．As a matter of fact, not your deskmate but you________ (be) to blame for the matter. 8．Last year, neither the experts nor the physician ________ (be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease. 9．There ________ (be) one tree and three children on the film poster. 10．________ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming? 【类型二：意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）微练】 1．Every man and every woman ________ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. They all think what their fathers do are meaningful. 2．The number of guests invited ________ (be) 50, but a number of them ________ (be) absent for the heavy rain. 3．The writer and teacher ________ (give) a warm welcome now. 4．So far, every possible means ________ (try) to solve the problem. 5．The beautiful ________ (be) not always useful, while the young ________ (be) always striving for something useless. 6．The injured in the earthquake ________ (send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. 7．Large amounts of money ________ (spend) on medical treatment since last year. 8．Now the teacher together with the students ________ (be) discussing Reading Skills that ________(be) newly published in America. 9．Early to bed and early to rise ________ (be)a good habit. 10．“All ________(be)present and all ________(be)going on well.” our monitor said. 【类型三：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）微练】 1．Thirty percent of air in the city (pollute) so far. 2．My teacher as well as my classmates (be) friendly to me when I first came to the new school. 3．A large quantity of books (contribute) to the children in the countryside since then. 4．It was really annoying that my car (stick) in the mud the other day. 5．Producing a paper bag (use) four times as much energy as producing a plastic one. 6．Large amounts of money (spend) on the construction of the school last year. 7．Joining us in the studio tonight (be) James Smith, Vincent Brown and Julie Archer . 8．Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. 9．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. 10．As far as I know, a large amount of money spent on the construction of the school last year. 【类型四：主谓一致高考真题微练】 1.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 3.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 4.（2024全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 5. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 6.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 7.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 8.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 9.（2021新课标II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 10. (2017江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. 【类型五：主谓一致单句写作微练】 1. (2023全国乙卷) 学唱英文歌对我来说是难忘经历，这让我艺术性欣赏人生之美。(be) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2022全国乙卷) 结果是说到学英语，学生们喜欢用娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2022全国甲卷) 保护海洋就是保护我们自己。(be) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2022全国甲卷) 世界海洋日，排在6月8日，目的是提高我们海洋保护意识。(fall, aim) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2021新高考I卷) 自从我订阅你们报纸以来成为忠实的读者。(be) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【类型六：主谓一致语篇训练】【追踪长臂猿分布的变化】 （24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists at the international conservation charity Zoological Society of London (ZSL) have used historical records from China stretching back over 400 years 1 (track) changes in the distribution of gibbons (长臂猿), which today are some of China’s most 2 (threaten) species. This is one of the first instances 3 use ancient historical records to reconstruct the course of extinctions across several centuries. 4 (use) local government records dating from as early as 1600 AD, the researchers were able to infer the former presence of gibbons in different regions. They found that only a few hundred years ago, gibbons 5 (distribute) across almost half of China. 6 , gibbon populations collapsed during the 20th century, and today they survive in only a few remote forests. One of China’s gibbon species, the Hainan gibbon, is now probably the 7 (rare) mammal species in the world, 8 a total population of only 26 – 28 individuals. Dr Samuel Turvey, senior research fellow at ZSL, said: “China has a fantastically rich historical record, including 9 wealth of environmental data that has rarely been used for conservation 10 (manage). Because of the current global environmental crisis, we have to explore new ways to better understand the kinds of factors that put species in danger of extinction.” ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点04 语法填空之主谓一致 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 考点1考查语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致） （5年14考） 2024新课标I卷--walks; 2024新课标II卷--were; 2024新课标II卷—was built; 2024全国甲卷--were; 2024九省联考卷—were used; 2024浙江1月卷—have started; 2023北京卷—has established; 2023全国乙卷—was amazed; 2022北京卷—has increased; 2022新课标I卷—were; 2022全国甲卷—has walked; 2022浙江1月卷—is designed; 2022新课标II卷—was fixing; 2020新课标—are called. 1. 考查语法一致用法。 2.考查意义一致用法。 3.考查就近一致的用法。 4. 主谓一致往往伴随着动词时态、语态的综合考查，考生应学会在真实语境中加以运用。 考点2考查意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式） （5年1考） 2017江苏--was 考点3考查就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等） （5年4考） 2021北京卷—has been; 2019江苏卷—has given; 2019天津卷—was given; 2017天津卷—is regarded。 考点一：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）。 1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 1. has caused。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是has caused。 2. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses. 2. is; are。What引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与be动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是is; are。 不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 3. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 3. were used。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致；这里one third后面省略了of 20 notebook computers，复数意义；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是were used。 4. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people. 4. is covered; are。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是the country，单数意义；be covered with是固定词组；the majority of…短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里是the citizens，应用复数。故答案是is covered; are。 分数，百分数，some，all, most, the rest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。 5. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far. 5. is; have been eaten。Butter and bread表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，so far常与现在完成时连用，故答案是is; have been eaten。 6. In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.  6. has。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有each, every时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是has。 and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时， 其谓语要用单数形式。 7. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth ________(wash) away each year. 7. are being washed。large/huge quantities of…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作还在进行又是被动语态，故答案是are being washed。 a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数。 8.The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them _______(be)absent for different reasons. 8. was; were。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是was; were。 the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。 9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________(wear) evening dress. 9. wears。the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数；结合语境应用一般现在时。故答案是wears。 one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。 10. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area. 10. is being built。many a new house表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是is being built。 11. The summer holiday is coming and we each ______(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks. 11. are。本句each是同位语，真正主语是we,谓语用复数形式。故答案是are。 all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定。 12. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out. 12. am。在It is…that…强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案是am。 在It is…that…强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致：It后是is/was；如果强调主语，则that后谓语应与被强调主语保持语法一致。 13. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 13. is regarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。 14. (2019天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 14. was given。考查动词时态及语态。last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。 主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。 考点二：意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）。 1. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 1. were searching。was/were doing…when…是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；police表示警察总称，复数意义。故答案是were searching。 2. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words. 2. were moved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。故答案是were moved。 某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, audience作主语，谓语动词必须用复数。 3. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now. 3. is；are watching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；are watching。 4. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine. 4. is made; are。be made up of表示“由……组成”；the committee这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定语从句，先行词是20 members，复数意义，故答案是is made; are。 family, class, committee, team, group等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。 5. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 5. has been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是has been tried。 6. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 6. have been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词all,复数意义，故答案是have been tried。 单复数同形的名词如sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese等作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。 7. The elderly _____________ (take)  good care of in our country at present. 7. are taken。结合语境应用被动语态；at present暗示用一般现在时；The elderly相当于The elderly people，复数意义，故答案是are taken。 8. The beautiful_______ (be) not always useful, while the young_______(be) always striving for something useless. 8. is; are。“the+形容词”表示抽象概念谓语用单数；“the+形容词”表示一类人谓语用复数。故答案是is; are。 the + 形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数；表示抽象概念时，用单数。 9. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time. 9. has passed; is。前半句since应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是has passed; is。 名词短语如 New York Times, the United Nations作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时视为整体，谓语动词常用单数。 考点三：就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等）。 1. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 1. is。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是one of your students，单数意义。be to do表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。 并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 2. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites. 2. are; is。There be…句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millions of websites和a lot of useful information，故答案是are; is。 There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等）微练】 1．Not only the parents but also the children ________ (be) going to visit the Bird’s Nest next week. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：下周不仅父母要去鸟巢，孩子们也要去。根据next week可知，这里表示将来，be going to do...意为“将要做……”，be动词可为am/is/are，为一般将来时。主语由Not only...but also...连接，谓语应和but also后面的主语保持一致，这里the children为复数，谓语应用复数形式。故填are。 2．________ (be) either you or I going there tomorrow? 【答案】Are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：明天是你还是我去那里？根据“going”以及“tomorrow”可知，这里是现在进行时表将来，所填be应是时态助动词；同时结合句子的主语“either you or I”为“either A or B”结构，应是遵循就近原则，be的位置靠近“you”，应是用are，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Are。 3．It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only natural talent but also years of practice ________ (need). 【答案】is needed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：对于业余爱好者来说，尝试它很有趣，但要擅长它，不仅需要天赋，还需要多年的练习。not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，此处need和主语years of practice之间为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is needed。 4．Either you or one of your classmates ________ (be) to attend the sports meeting next week. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：要么你，要么你的一位同学要参加下周的运动会。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语next week可知此句为一般将来时，用be to do结构，表示按照安排或计划将要做某事；either...or...连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与or后面的主语保持一致；one of your classmates是单数，故填is。 5．There ________ (be) a book and two pencils on the desk. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：桌子上有一本书和两支铅笔。这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况，且there be句型遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致，本句中离be动词最近的主语为a book，是第三人称单数形式，所以此空应用is。故填is。 6．In the past thirty years, there ________ (be) great changes in every field of life in our country. 【答案】have been 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三十年里，我国生活的各个领域都发生了巨大的变化。设空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语In the past thirty years可知，应用现在完成时，主语changes为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been。 7．As a matter of fact, not your deskmate but you________ (be) to blame for the matter. 【答案】were/are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，不是你的同桌，而是你应该为这件事负责。not...but...连接并列的主语，谓语应遵循“就近原则”，和you保持一致。本句既可表示过去发生的事情，也可表示现在的情况，应用一般过去时或一般现在时。故填were或are。 8．Last year, neither the experts nor the physician ________ (be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease. 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：去年，专家和医生都对这种严重疾病的治疗不感兴趣。设空处作谓语，由“Last year”可知，此句用一般过去时，neither…nor…连接两个并列名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，句中谓语动词与“the physician”保持一致，用单数形式，故填was。 9．There ________ (be) one tree and three children on the film poster. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：电影海报上有一棵树和三个孩子。句子描述现状，用一般现在时。there be句型的单复数按就近原则，根据one tree可知，用单数。故填is。 10．________ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming? 【答案】Are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你和你哥哥都对游泳不感兴趣吗？句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，该句子是一般疑问句，此处应填入助动词，“对……感兴趣”为be interested in，且neither...nor连接主语时，谓语动词单复数应与靠近主语的主语一致，此处与you一致，所以be动词应用are，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Are。 【类型二：意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）微练】 1．Every man and every woman ________ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. They all think what their fathers do are meaningful. 【答案】has 【详解】句意：每个男人和女人都有充分的理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到自豪。他们都认为他们的父亲所做的是有意义的。用and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式，所以填has。 2．The number of guests invited ________ (be) 50, but a number of them ________ (be) absent for the heavy rain. 【答案】was, were 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：邀请的客人人数是50人，但有许多人因大雨而缺席。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。The number of +名词复数，谓语用单数形式，be动词应用was。第二处主语a number of them为复数，be动词应用were。故填①was②were。 3．The writer and teacher ________ (give) a warm welcome now. 【答案】is being given 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这位作家兼教师现在正受到热烈欢迎。根据now可知，此处描述现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。动词give意为“给予”，和主语构成被动关系。the writer and teacher是指一个人，作主语为第三人称单数。故填is being given。 4．So far, every possible means ________ (try) to solve the problem. 【答案】has been tried 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经尝试了一切可能的方法来解决这个问题。空处作句子的谓语。根据句中的So far可知，这里应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去某时一直持续到现在。主语means和try之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。且means(方法)单复数同形，其前有every修饰，谓语应用单数形式。故填has been tried。 5．The beautiful ________ (be) not always useful, while the young ________ (be) always striving for something useless. 【答案】is，are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：美丽并不总是有用的，而年轻人总是在追求无用的东西。第一空，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，“the+形容词”表示抽象概念，谓语用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用is；第二空，句子描述现在正在进行的情况，应用现在进行时，“the+形容词”表示一类人，为复数意义，be动词使用are，与空后的striving 构成现在进行时。故填①is，②are。 6．The injured in the earthquake ________ (send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. 【答案】were sent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：地震中的伤者昨天被送往最近的医院。主语The injured和动词send之间是被动关系，结合时间状语yesterday可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“the+形容词”表示一类人，为复数意义，be动词使用were。故填were sent。 7．Large amounts of money ________ (spend) on medical treatment since last year. 【答案】have been spent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自从去年以来，大量的钱被花在医疗上。分析句子可知，空白处在句中作谓语，句子的时间状语是since last year，所以句子应用现在完成时，“large amounts of+名词”作句子主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式，主语Large amounts of money与谓语spend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been spent。 8．Now the teacher together with the students ________ (be) discussing Reading Skills that ________(be) newly published in America. 【答案】is，was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：现在老师和学生们正在讨论美国最新出版的《阅读技巧》。根据时间状语Now可知，空1处用现在进行时，the teacher为单数，介词短语together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词应和前面的主语保持一致，应用is。根据句意，空2处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语that指代先行词Reading Skills是一本书，是单数，应用was。故填①is；②was。 9．Early to bed and early to rise ________ (be)a good habit. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：早睡早起是个好习惯。结合句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，Early to bed and early to rise意为“早睡早起”是一个整体概念，所以be动词应该用is。故填is。 10．“All ________(be)present and all ________(be)going on well.” our monitor said. 【答案】are，is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：“所有人都来了，一切都很顺利。”我们的班长说。由句意知空①前的all表示“所有人”，作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，空②前的all表示“一切情况；所有”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为直接引语，应用一般现在时。故空①答案为are，空②答案为is。 【类型三：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）微练】 1．Thirty percent of air in the city (pollute) so far. 【答案】has been polluted 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，该市30%的空气已被污染。由so far可知，句子时态用现在完成时，空气是被污染，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语Thirty percent of air是单数，因此空格处用has been polluted。故填has been polluted。 2．My teacher as well as my classmates (be) friendly to me when I first came to the new school. 【答案】was 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我第一次来到新学校时，我的老师和我的同学都对我很友好。空处缺少谓语，结合came可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语为teacher，be动词用was。故填was。 3．A large quantity of books (contribute) to the children in the countryside since then. 【答案】have been contributed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意；从那时起，大量的书籍被捐赠给了农村的孩子们。根据since then可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词contribute意为“捐赠”，和主语构成被动关系，主语A large quantity of books是复数。故填have been contributed。 4．It was really annoying that my car (stick) in the mud the other day. 【答案】was stuck 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：前几天我的车陷在泥里，真烦人。本句是that引导的主语从句，stick作从句谓语，和主语my car之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据前文的was可知，用一般过去时。故填was stuck。 5．Producing a paper bag (use) four times as much energy as producing a plastic one. 【答案】uses 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍。空处应填谓语动词，此处是动名词短语Producing a paper bag作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故填uses。 6．Large amounts of money (spend) on the construction of the school last year. 【答案】were spent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：去年在学校的建设上花了大量的钱。设空处在句中作谓语，large amounts of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与amounts保持主谓一致，用复数形式，因此空格处谓语动词用复数，由last year可知，时态用一般过去时，主语Large amounts of money与动词spend之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填were spent。 7．Joining us in the studio tonight (be) James Smith, Vincent Brown and Julie Archer . 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和倒装句。句意：今晚我们演播室的嘉宾是詹姆斯·史密斯、文森特·布朗和朱莉·阿彻。句子使用了完全倒装，现在进行时表将来，主语为James Smith, Vincent Brown and Julie Archer ，be动词用are。故填are。 8．Many changes (take) place in our daily life since the light rail was built. 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：自从轻轨建成以来，我们的日常生活发生了许多变化。根据since the light rail was built可知，take place“发生”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，由此可知，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语changes是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have taken。 9．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 10．As far as I know, a large amount of money spent on the construction of the school last year. 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据我所知，去年学校的建设花了一大笔钱。a large amount of“大量的”，修饰不可数名词，谓语使用单数形式，主语money和spend之间是被动关系，根据last year可知句子使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was。 【类型四：主谓一致高考真题微练】 1.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 3.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 4.（2024全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 答案：were 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 答案：were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 6.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 7.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 答案：was amazed 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 8.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 答案：has increased 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 9.（2021新课标II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 10. (2017江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. 答案：was 【解析】考查动词时态及语态。Great Expectations是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。 【类型五：主谓一致单句写作微练】 1. (2023全国乙卷) 学唱英文歌对我来说是难忘经历，这让我艺术性欣赏人生之美。(be) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2022全国乙卷) 结果是说到学英语，学生们喜欢用娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2022全国甲卷) 保护海洋就是保护我们自己。(be) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2022全国甲卷) 世界海洋日，排在6月8日，目的是提高我们海洋保护意识。(fall, aim) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2021新高考I卷) 自从我订阅你们报纸以来成为忠实的读者。(be) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Learning singing English songs was a memorable experience for me, making me appreciate the beauty in my life artistically. 2. It turns out that students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning. 3. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. 4. World Ocean Day, which falls on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 5. I have been a devoted reader since I subscribed to the newspaper Youth. 【类型六：主谓一致语篇训练】【追踪长臂猿分布的变化】 （24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists at the international conservation charity Zoological Society of London (ZSL) have used historical records from China stretching back over 400 years 1 (track) changes in the distribution of gibbons (长臂猿), which today are some of China’s most 2 (threaten) species. This is one of the first instances 3 use ancient historical records to reconstruct the course of extinctions across several centuries. 4 (use) local government records dating from as early as 1600 AD, the researchers were able to infer the former presence of gibbons in different regions. They found that only a few hundred years ago, gibbons 5 (distribute) across almost half of China. 6 , gibbon populations collapsed during the 20th century, and today they survive in only a few remote forests. One of China’s gibbon species, the Hainan gibbon, is now probably the 7 (rare) mammal species in the world, 8 a total population of only 26 – 28 individuals. Dr Samuel Turvey, senior research fellow at ZSL, said: “China has a fantastically rich historical record, including 9 wealth of environmental data that has rarely been used for conservation 10 (manage). Because of the current global environmental crisis, we have to explore new ways to better understand the kinds of factors that put species in danger of extinction.” 【答案】 1．to track 2．threatened 3．that 4．Using 5．were distributed 6．However 7．rarest 8．with 9．a 10．management 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了伦敦动物学会的科学家们利用中国长达400多年的历史记录来追踪长臂猿分布的变化，并揭示了几个世纪以来物种灭绝的过程。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：伦敦动物学会(ZSL)的国际保护慈善组织科学家利用中国400多年来的历史记录追踪长臂猿分布的变化，如今长臂猿是中国一些最濒危的物种之一。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了追踪长臂猿分布的变化”。故填to track。 2．考查形容词。句意：伦敦动物学会(ZSL)的国际保护慈善组织科学家利用中国400多年来的历史记录追踪长臂猿分布的变化，如今长臂猿是中国一些最濒危的物种之一。根据空前的most可知，空处需要形容词，构成形容词的最高级，作定语修饰后面的名词。threatened为形容词“受到威胁的”。故填threatened。 3．考查定语从句。句意：这是首批利用古代历史记录重建几个世纪以来灭绝过程的例子之一。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为instances。先行词指物，在从句中作主语，且关系词前面有序数词修饰，所以只能用关系代词tha引导该从句。故填that。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用从公元1600年就有的地方政府记录，能够推断出长臂猿在不同地区的存在。空处需要非谓语动词形式作状语，该动词与逻辑主语the researchers构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Using。 5．考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：他们发现，就在几百年前，长臂猿还分布在中国近一半的地区。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语a few hundred years ago可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语gibbons与distribute构成被动关系，且主语为复数名词。故填were distributed。 6．考查副词。句意：然而，长臂猿种群在20世纪崩溃，如今它们仅存活于少数偏远森林中。根据上下文语境可知，空处需用副词however表示转折，意为“然而”，在句中作状语。句首单词首字母要大写，故填However。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国的长臂猿物种之一——海南长臂猿，现在可能是世界上最稀有的哺乳动物物种，总数量仅为26-28只。根据句意和空格前的定冠词the以及in the world可知，空处需用形容词最高级，表示“世界上最稀有的物种”。故填rarest。 8．考查介词。句意：中国的长臂猿物种之一——海南长臂猿，现在可能是世界上最稀有的哺乳动物物种，总数量仅为26-28只。根据空后的a total population of only 26 – 28 individuals可知，空处需要介词with，表示“有”，构成介词短语在句中作状语。故填with。 9．考查冠词。句意：伦敦动物学会的高级研究员塞缪尔•特维博士说：“中国有着极其丰富的历史记录，其中包括大量很少用于保护管理的环境数据。”a wealth of“大量的，丰富的”。故填a。 10．考查名词。句意：伦敦动物学会的高级研究员塞缪尔•特维博士说：“中国有着极其丰富的历史记录，其中包括大量很少用于保护管理的环境数据。”空处需填名词作介词for的宾语，manage的名词为management，意为“管理”。故填management。 ( 15 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$