专题01 语法填空之有提示词（动词时态、语态、非谓语及形容词副词等级）-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题01 语法填空之有提示词 （动词时态、语态、非谓语及形容词、副词等级） 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 2 考点01 动词时态 2 考点02 动词语态 10 考点03 非谓语动词 14 考点04 形容词副词等级 18 高考练场 23 题型01 语法单句填空 23 题型02 语法语篇填空 35 上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 考点归纳 考点01 动词时态 考点1　基本用法 1. 常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。 2. 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。 People speak English all over the world. (主动语态) English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成 进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 考点2　常考时态的用法 1. 一般现在时 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 Tom often goes to school by bike. (2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。 Spring follows winter. (3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。 The flowers look beautiful. (4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。 The party begins at 7 o’clock. (5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。 I’ll write you a letter as soon as I get there. If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world. Wherever you go, you will see the same thing. 2. 现在进行时 (1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 Are you working hard this term? The car is being repaired. (2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。 We are going hiking this Sunday. (3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。 He is always getting angry with me. 3. 现在完成时 (1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。 He has already obtained a scholarship. (2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。 The film has been on for half an hour. (3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。 It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4. 现在完成进行时 (1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。 I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon. (2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。 I have been telephoning him several times this morning. 5. 一般将来时 (1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 The football game will begin soon. (2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。 Fish will die without water. (3)表示临时的决定。 — We don’t have any milk in our fridge. — I’ll go and buy some. (4)其他表示将来的结构 ① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。 I’m going to have my hair cut after work. Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain. ② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。 There is to be an English exam next Monday. Father warned his son，“You are to be back by ten.” The worst is still to come. ③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。 I am about to go shopping. 注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。 If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you. 6. 过去将来时 表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 He said he would come to our school. 7. 一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 I bought a new bike last week. (2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He often watched TV at night. 8. 过去进行时 (1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 I was playing computer games when my parents came home. He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him. (2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。 Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents. 9. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets. (2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。 We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain. No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. It was the third time he had been out of work that year. (3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 考点3　几组时态的区别 一般过去时 一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系 Were you at school yesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。) 现在完成时 现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续 I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。) 过去完成时 过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作 When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。) 考点4　固定结构中的时态 hardly...when...,no sooner...than...“一……就……” 主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时 Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in. This/That/It is/was the first/second...time+that从句“是……次做某事” 若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. It+be...before... “要过……才”或“在……以后才” 若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时 I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back. was/were doing...when“正在做某事,这时(突然)” 在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式 I was about to leave when he came in. I had just locked the door when I realised I had left my key on the kitchen table. was/were about to do...when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)” had done...when“刚做完某事,这时(突然)” It is/has been+时间段+since since从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了” It has been three years since he worked here. 他不在这工作已经三年了。 It has been three years since he smoked. 他已经戒烟三年了。 It has been three years since he began to smoke. 他吸烟有三年了。 考点6 主动语态表示被动意义 系动词+形容词 look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear The soup smells good but tastes terrible. 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态 cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep This kind of material washes easily. The pen writes smoothly. 表开始、结束、运动的动词 begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式 need,require,want,be worth Your hair wants cutting. The floor requires washing. The book is worth reading. 不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系 hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible The question is difficult to answer. The box is heavy to carry. The project is impossible to complete in a year. 看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 1．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has made 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语so far，此处应用现在完成时态，主语为our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填：has made。 2．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机，节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知，order是谓语动词，由the other day可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ordered。 3．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 4．One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD．(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was listening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一天，Gene和Hannah Bortnick听到客厅里传来钢琴曲。他们以为3岁的儿子Ethan在听CD。空处应填谓语动词的形式，从句主语为Ethan，动作发生在过去且正在进行，应用过去进行时。故填was listening。 5．The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn’t know existed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had owned 【详解】考查时态。句意：在我50岁生日的那一周，我的婚姻突然走到了尽头。我的房子、家具和我所有的一切都被卖掉了，用来偿还我不知道存在的债务。own这个动作发生在was sold之前，was sold是过去的动作，因此空格处时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去已经完成的动作，因此空格处是had owned。故填had owned。 6．Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has heard 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从最近引起媒体关注以来，Woon已经从包括美国在内的10个国家的度假村和餐馆听到了消息。根据时间状语“Since it drew recent media attention”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为Woon，谓语为单数形式。故填has heard。 7．Personally, I don’t think pop-ups are a passing trend. From what we (learn) from our customers so far, they are always looking for unique products and experiences, exactly something that pop-up shops can offer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have learned 【详解】考查动词。句意：就我个人而言，我不认为弹出窗口是一种过时的趋势。从目前为止我们从客户那里了解到的情况来看，他们总是在寻找独特的产品和体验，这正是弹出式商店所能提供的。故填have learned。 8．So far, the researchers (demonstrate) stem cell therapy in preclinical lab tests. Tsuji said they were looking for outside collaborators to help develop clinical applications for the new hair growth technology. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have demonstrated 【详解】考查动词。句意：到目前为止，研究人员已经在临床前实验室测试中证明了干细胞疗法。Tsuji说，他们正在寻找外部合作者来帮助开发这种新的毛发生长技术的临床应用。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语，句中so far意为“到目前为止”为现在完成时时间标志。故填have demonstrated。 9．Jason set up a plan that in five years he (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would show 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，故填would show。 10．The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had known 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外。我早就知道那家工厂要倒闭了。know这一动作先于came这一过去的动作发生，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had known。 考点02 动词语态 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 )It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 )In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 （3）特别注意：现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。 1．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 2．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were hired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候，90名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。hire与主语 employees 为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were hired。 3．The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were deposited 【详解】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：雌鸟:再也不会到巢里去照顾在温暖的沙子里孵化的蛋了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示过去发生的动作，故使用一般过去时。同时that指代前文的eggs,其与deposit之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were deposited。 4．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be built 【详解】考查动词。句意：四川不久将修建更多的高速公路，以促进当地经济。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中soon意为“不久”，表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。同时more expressways与build之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。 5．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)．（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】are being added 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，手机已经具备了游戏、音乐和日历等功能，而且还添加了更多的新功能 。表示动作正在进行，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为functions，谓语用复数。故填are being added。 6．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。 7．Apparently,the most depressing day of the year is the third Monday in January, when it’s cold and dark outside. This day (nickname) ‘Blue Monday’ by psychologist Cliff Arnall in 2004. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was nicknamed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：显然，一年中最令人沮丧的日子是一月的第三个星期一，这天外面又冷又黑。2004年，心理学家Cliff Arnall将这一天戏称为“忧郁星期一”。根据后文in 2004可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为This day，谓语动词用单数。故填was nicknamed。 8．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been influenced 【详解】考查时态。句意：人们已经被影响而对科技上瘾。一项调查报告称，“上瘾”是人们最常使用的词，用来描述他们与iPad和类似设备的关系。分析句子，设空处作谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影响故使用现在完成时。同时people和influence之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态，people(人们)作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。 9．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are supplied/will be supplied 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里，顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他们会被提供一杯饮料，这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语they指代customers，和谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语they是复数人称代词，故填are supplied或will be supplied。 10．The discovery has caused huge excitement among historians, as it provides firm evidence about a ruler whose life (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumors (谣言) concerning his cold blood since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been shadowed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一发现在历史学家中引起了巨大的轰动，因为它为这位统治者的生活提供了确凿的证据，尽管有官方记录，但自从1485年他死于博斯沃思战役后，有关他冷血的谣言一直笼罩着他的生活。分析句子可知，whose引导的定语从句缺谓语动词，结合时间状语“since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485”可知，应是现在完成时，且动词“shadow(在……上投下或覆盖阴影)”与主语“whose life”之间为被动关系，应是现在完成时被动结构：have/has been done，且主语“whose life”为第三人称单数。故填has been shadowed。 考点03 非谓语动词 · 不定式用法 1. 构成 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done /被动 to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 4. It happened to be raining when I got there. 注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定 式。 注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如： I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。 I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。 I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。 2．用法 To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语） He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语） I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语） His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语） She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语） The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. · 动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written ★ 必背动词 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 consider考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 propose 建议 resume 继续 ban 禁止 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 keep 继续 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 recommend推荐 advise建议 involve涉及 mention提及 resist 抵制 permit 默许 allow 允许 ★ 必背句型 The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. · 分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，可作表定状补，常考作表语、定语、状语。 1．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土耳其伊斯坦布尔的大巴扎有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1455年。date back to表示“追溯到”，本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，且history与date back to为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填dating。 2．His (laugh) at in the presence of all his friends made him annoyed.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being laughed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在所有朋友面前被嘲笑，这使他很生气。此处为动名词的复合结构作主语，结合语境可知，他是被嘲笑的，需用动名词的被动语态。故填being laughed。 3． (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中，许多勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。本句谓语为choose，此处为非谓语动词，且expose“使暴露”与逻辑主语many brave tourists and scientists为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Exposed。 4．They hurried to the water, only (find) a baby seal there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to find 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他们匆忙赶到水边，却发现那里有一只小海豹。句子已有谓语动词hurried，本空需要用非谓语动词。only to do结构是不定式作结果状语，用来表示一种意料之外的结果，本空用find“发现”的不定式。故填to find。 5．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们都很感激有机会出国深造。appreciate doing sth.“感激做某事”，动名词作宾语。此处表示“他们感激被给了机会”，所以需要动名词的被动形式，即being done的结构。故填being given。 6． (engage) myself in the local atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To engage 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了融入当地的氛围， 我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了融入当地的氛围”。该空位于句首，首字母大写。故填To engage。 7．Her father, the first person from Hunan Province (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly (influence) her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 to reach influenced 【详解】考查不定式和时态。句意：她的父亲是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的湖南人，极大地影响了她。person有序数词first修饰，用reach“到达”的不定式，作后置定语。本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，第二空用influence“影响”的过去式，作谓语。故填①to reach；②influenced。 8．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】created 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：相比之下，“龙”，一个19世纪创造的词，让人想起力量和财富，应该与它的西方表亲区分开来。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语reminds，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰word，word 和create二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语在句中作后置定语。故填created。 9．Often ________ (find) sitting on a ticket gate, Milo greeted commuters and brought smiles to all she encountered, making the spring morning a little brighter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】found 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Milo经常被发现坐在检票口，向上下班往返的人打招呼，并给她遇到的所有人带来微笑，使春天的早晨变得更加明亮。本句谓语为greeted，此处为非谓语动词，且Milo与find“发现”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，表示被动。故填found。 10．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being forced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当然，在家进行循环利用是非常重要的。然而，被迫回收利用通常意味着我们已经有了比我们需要的更多的材料。分析可知，设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，根据上下文意思可知是被迫的意思，所以用动名词的被动结构，故填being forced。 考点04 形容词副词级别 01　基本用法 1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态，在句中一般作定语、表语或宾语补足语等。 Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (作定语) English is compulsory for Chinese students. (作表语) Please keep the door open. (作宾补) 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频率等，在句中主要作状语。 Please write slowly and carefully. (修饰动词) Mary and Jane are quite different. (修饰形容词) He spoke too quickly to understand. (修饰副词) He is badly in need of money. (修饰介词短语) Generally , it’s a book worth reading. (修饰句子) 2. 形容词和副词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上人或事物之间的比较。比较的对象应为同类，且不能相互包容，常用结构为“比较级＋than＋比较对象”，“the＋最高级＋比较范围”。 The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. Allan is the second tallest player in the team. Lucy runs faster than Lily. 02　形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成 1：规则变化 构　成 例词 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est small smaller smallest great greater greatest hard harder hardest 以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st fine finer finest cute cuter cutest able abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est fat fatter fattest thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est easy easier easiest happy happier happiest early earlier earliest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful popular more popular most popular efficiently More efficiently most efficiently 2：不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,ill worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式 项　目 例　句 as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……” This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen a more interesting film. less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” This room is less beautiful than that one. the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……” The harder you work,the more progress you will make. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day. more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” He is more shy than unfriendly. 以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等 The book is superior to that one I just finished reading. no+比较级+than两者都不 This book is no more interesting than that once. The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… the older of the two 03　形容词、副词的倍数表达法 (1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。 (2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than... The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。 (3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of... The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。 (4)... 倍数＋what从句 Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。 (5)... 倍数＋that/those of... In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。 044　形容词作定语的位置 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置: 修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent,everything possible 以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available,the only solution possible alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据“tasks”可知需要用形容词来修饰名词，根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 4．If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 less fewer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们按照他的计划，我们可以用更少的钱和更少的人把工作做得更好。分析句子结构可知，结合空前better可推知，空处应用比较级与此对应，根据句意，所以空处应依次填less，修饰不可数名词money；fewer修饰people。故填①less；②fewer。 5．Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】less likely 【详解】考查形容词和固定搭配。句意：另一项由哥伦比亚大学国家成瘾和药物滥用中心进行的研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或更多的孩子不太可能出现毒品和酒精问题。结合句意空处应填less likely，be less likely to do sth.意为“不太可能做某事”，固定搭配。故填less likely。 6．Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is (influence) in my opinion. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，influence的形容词形式是influential，根据句意，表达“最有影响力的”之意，应用最高级。故填the most influential。 7．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more confused 【详解】考查比较级。句意：学生们更加困惑，但在那时开始了测试。根据句意以及“even”可知，空处填比较级more confused作表语。故填more confused。 8．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】happier 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意: 全家人聚在一起是再幸福不过的事了。句中使用固定搭配“否定词not + 形容词比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此填比较级形式happier。故填happier。 9．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 【答案】more likely 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：年轻人越多地面临经济问题，就越可能变得负责任。此处考查固定句型，the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…“越……越……”，故填more likely。 10．World War II, the (deadly) human conflict of all time, had shattered  people’s lives everywhere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】deadliest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：第二次世界大战是有史以来最致命的人类冲突，摧毁了各地人民的生活。根据句意及空前的the可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。故填deadliest。 高考练场 I. 单句语法填空 1．Last year, the tennis player (withdraw) from several tournaments due to injury. 【答案】withdrew 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年，这位网球运动员因伤退出了几场比赛。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语“Last year”可知应用一般过去时，设空处填动词不定式withdrew。故填withdrew。 2．It was by the end of the day that we (sell) over 2,000 tickets. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had sold 【详解】考查时态。句意：到那天结束时，我们已经卖了2000多张票。本句话为强调句型，强调时间状语。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语by the end of the day可知，句子的时态为过去完成时态。故填had sold。 3．I (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我本打算去机场送你，但正当我准备出发时，来了一个意外的访客。结合句意可知，此处考查had intended/ planned/ expected…“本打算/计划/期待”，它们是特殊的虚拟语气，表示没有按计划/安排等完成任务，故填had intended。 4．She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I (have) a job teaching English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have/am going to have 【详解】考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。 5．The girl, as well as her parents, (be) going to visit China next week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个女孩和她的父母下周将访问中国。当主语后面跟有 as well as 连接的名词时，谓语动词的形式要和主语保持一致。本句的主语是 The girl，为第三人称单数，根据 next week可知用一般将来时，be going to结构中，be动词用 is。故填is。 6．The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has grown 【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：这个海港位于长江口，自1842年开放以来，占地面积已扩大到1.5平方英里。根据since it was opened in 1842可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语seaport为第三人称单数。故填has grown。 7．Nathen ________ (cycle) along a remote road when he came across an abandoned kitten. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was cycling 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：Nathen在一条偏僻的路上骑自行车时，遇到了一只被遗弃的小猫。cycle“骑自行车”。根据句意和空后的when和came可知，此处为固定句型was/were doing... when...，本空用过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，主语Nathen为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was cycling。 8．ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools (ban) it since its birth. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have banned 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据since its birth可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语some schools为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填have banned。 9．To address this problem, experts (increase) the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000 characters by the end of 2023, according to the government. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had increased 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：据政府称，为了解决这一问题，专家们在2023年底之前将数据库从3.2万个字符增加到7万个字符。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语by the end of 2023可知，此处为过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”已经完成的动作。故填had increased。 10．Zheng He, one of the most influential explorers, (take) charge of the task. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】took 【详解】考查时态。句意：郑和，最有影响力的探险家之一，负责这项任务。空处为句子的谓语，表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填took。 11．As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, (keep) logs of their voyages and charted the coast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】kept 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：航行时，航海家们记录罗盘读数，记录航行日志，绘制海岸地图。took，空处与charted为并列谓语动词，空处用动词过去式kept。故填kept。 12．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 【答案】has been 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是学生中唯一一个获得三年奖学金的人。先行词为the only one，关系代词代替先行词在从句中做主语，所以谓语动词应该用单数。再根据时间状语for three years可知应该用现在完成时，故填has been。 13．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people (respond) when they heard it for the first time.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would respond 【详解】考查时态。句意：当贝多芬自豪地在页面底部签名时，他试图想象人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，主语people与respond为主动关系，再由tried to imagine可知，这里时态应用过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。故填would respond。 14．Larry’s parents made up their mind that they (buy) a new house once their little daughter changed her job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would buy 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：拉里的父母下定决心，一旦小女儿换了工作，他们就买一所新房子。空处为从句谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应使用过去将来时。故填would buy。 15．When Alice came to herself, she did not know how long she (lie) there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been lying 【详解】考查时态。句意：当爱丽丝苏醒过来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久。结合语境以及“she did”应用过去完成进行时表示说话之前的行为一直在进行，且动作对过去产生的影响。故填had been lying。 16．Jeremy, who （concentrate）on his food, looked up at the mention of the word cash. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 【答案】had been concentrating 【详解】考查时态。句意：一直专注于吃东西的Jeremy一听到“钱”这个字就抬起头来。“concentrate”这一动作发生在“looked up”之前并且还在进行，应该用过去完成进行时。故填had been concentrating。 17．By the time you come here, you (experience) our traditional Chinese culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have experienced 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意：当你来到这里时，你将体验到我们的中国传统文化。根据“By the time you come here”可知，此处应用将来完成时。动词experience意为“体验”。故填will have experienced。 18．Is it likely that the scientists (discover) a cure for cancer by the year 2040? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have discovered 【详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们有可能在2040年之前找到治疗癌症的方法吗？分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中的by the year 2040意为“截止到2040年”，为将来完成时的时间标志即表示科学家们在将来某一时间以前已经发现。故填will have discovered。 19．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is regarded 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最好的全方位运动形式之一。本句描述客观事实，动词regard和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词与主语cycling保持一致，应该用单数形式。故填is regarded。 20．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 21．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 22．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been influenced 【详解】考查时态。句意：人们已经被影响而对科技上瘾。一项调查报告称，“上瘾”是人们最常使用的词，用来描述他们与iPad和类似设备的关系。分析句子，设空处作谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影响故使用现在完成时。同时people和influence之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态，people(人们)作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。 23．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are supplied/will be supplied 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正是在这些咖啡馆里，顾客可以问是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他们会被提供一杯饮料，这要感谢一个陌生人的好意。空前的主语they指代customers，和谓语动词supply之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，此处可使用一般现在时或一般将来时，主语they是复数人称代词，故填are supplied或will be supplied。 24．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were hired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候，90名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。hire与主语 employees 为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were hired。 25．The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were deposited 【详解】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：雌鸟:再也不会到巢里去照顾在温暖的沙子里孵化的蛋了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示过去发生的动作，故使用一般过去时。同时that指代前文的eggs,其与deposit之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were deposited。 26．Over the Huangpu River (build) four grand bridges in Shanghai so far. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have been built 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，在黄浦江上四座大桥已经被建成。根据so far（到目前为止）可知空格处要用现在完成时，本句是将表示方位的介词短语置于句首而形成的倒装句。由于build与主语four grand bridges 是被动关系，因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been built。 27．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)．（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】are being added 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，手机已经具备了游戏、音乐和日历等功能，而且还添加了更多的新功能 。表示动作正在进行，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为functions，谓语用复数。故填are being added。 28．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。 29．When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may （fool） into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be fooled 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：当点击危险网站或软件的链接时，您可能会被愚弄，提供密码、用户名或财务详细信息等个人信息。may后接动词原形。主语you和动词fool之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填be fooled。 30．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would be carried 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：我上个月被派到这个村子去看看未来两年的发展计划将如何实施。根据句意可知，此处描述的是去过将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时，plan与carry是被动关系，应用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be carried。 31．You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) by running. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍然可以通过跑步来降低死亡的风险。空处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填dying。 32．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spent 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词remembers，所以spend用非谓语形式，pend和happy time是被动关系，这里用过去分词做后置定语，修饰happy time。故填spent。 33．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being performed 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth.听到某人/某物正在做某事。又因为音乐和演奏之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动形式being done。故填being performed。 34．On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一回来，父亲就要求他的儿子解释他学到了什么。ask sb. to do sth.“请某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to explain。 35．He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (answer). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to answer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他用更严厉的语气重复了这个问题，“上帝在哪里！！？”男孩再次没有试图回答。make no attempt to do sth“没有试图做某事”固定短语。故填to answer。 36．It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】facing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：气候变化是我们所有生物所面临的最严峻的考验，我们需要通力合作，刻不容缓。分析句子可知，“(face) our entire species”作后置定语，修饰threat，threat与face之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填facing。 37．At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】winning 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在2016年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，迪卡普里奥获得最佳男主角奖，所有在场的观众都印象深刻。结合句意及空前的DiCaprio’s可知,空处应填动名词的形式，此处为动名词的复合结构，作主语。故填winning。 38．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人发现情绪会刺激他们在不饿的时候吃东西，这往往会导致他们从营养价值低的食物中摄入太多卡路里。固定搭配lead to“导致”，to是介词，后接动名词。故填eating。 39． (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Not having done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我以前没有做过这样的事情，不知道会得到什么样的反应。根据句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词，do与逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，应用现在分词；根据前半句的时间状语before，表明非谓语动词发生在主句谓语动作之前，应用现在分词的完成式。设空处在句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Not having done。 40．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being forced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当然，在家进行循环利用是非常重要的。然而，被迫回收利用通常意味着我们已经有了比我们需要的更多的材料。分析可知，设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，根据上下文意思可知是被迫的意思，所以用动名词的被动结构，故填being forced。 41．It’s the same today.  If students have the right resources (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：今天是一样的。如果学生们有合适的资源来探索自己的想法，许多人可以进行“教学”的工作——包括在大流行期间的护理人员和家长。根据句意可知，空格处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词。故填to explore。 42．There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】expanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一些方法可以解开我们在世界海洋中制造的混乱，包括扩大我们对海产品的认识，包括水母。including“包括……在内”为介词，介词要接名词或动名词作宾语，所以应填expand的动名词。故填expanding。 43．In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to allow 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在希腊城市塞萨洛尼基，交通运输部在公交车站安装了迷你图书馆，让乘客在等车时阅读，或者在旅途中借阅并在晚些时候归还。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处表示在公交车站安装了迷你图书馆的目的，应用动词不定式to do表目的，作目的状语。故填to allow。 44．Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (settle) for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】settled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你如何定义成功，请记住，我们生来要过我们真正想要和应得的生活，而不仅仅是为我们设定的生活。分析句子结构可知，动词settle在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语lives构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，表示被动，作定语。故填settled。 45．Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets went hot on social media lately, (cause) complaints because of the product’s price, six British pounds. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】causing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，用塑料袋包装成花束的各种树叶的照片在社交媒体上走红，因该产品的售价为6英镑而引发投诉。分析句子结构可知，动词cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，逗号后表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。 46．On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】placing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在摩托车后座，把信任给安全带你回家的人，这是一种提醒你他们爱你的方式。此处缺少主语，应用动名词做主语，故填placing。 47． (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Filled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：满是紧张，我紧紧地抓住我的堂兄。固定搭配be filled with“充满”，再根据句子结构可知，此空是非谓语动词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Filled。 48．Geography, (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】defined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地理学被定义为对地球的研究，一直专注于地图。但绘制地图并不总是那么容易。分析句子可知谓语动词为has had，所以define应使用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知define和逻辑主语Geography之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词Geography。结合介词as可知此处是固定搭配defined as 表示“被定义为”。故填defined。 49．With spring (approach), many cold-blooded animals are coming out for food. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：随着春天的临近，许多冷血动物都出来觅食了。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构，approach与宾语spring之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补。故填approaching。 50．The ageing of China’s population is becoming increasing evident, with the number of people aged 60 or above (expect) to reach 300 million by 2025. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】expected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人口老龄化日益明显，到2025年，60岁及以上的人口预计将达到3亿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处非谓语动词作宾补，expect与逻辑主语the number of people aged 60 or above之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填expected。 51．In the darkest days when Covid-19 was doing its worst, the human spirit shone at its (bright). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】brightest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在新冠最为肆虐的至暗日子里，人类精神闪耀着最明亮的光芒。分析句子可知，设空处所在结构为“at its+形容词最高级”, 表达“处于最……的状态”之意；结合所给词形容词bright，此处应填其最高级形式。故填brightest。 52．It has been revealed that countries with more forested land tend to see ________ (few) cases of mental health disorders. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】fewer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：据透露，森林覆盖率较高的国家，精神健康障碍的案例较少。结合句意和more forested land可知，本空需用few的比较级fewer，意为“更少的”，修饰名词cases，作定语。故填fewer。 53．Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half times (high) than those on the International Space Station. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】higher 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：火星表面的辐射水平是国际空间站上辐射水平的两倍半。根据空后的than和句意可知，设空处应填形容词high的比较级形式higher，表示“更高的”。故填higher。 54．But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far (large) groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】larger 【详解】考查比较级。句意: 但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中反复测试， 以确定到底运动过程中的哪些方面会产生最大的差异。空前的far可修饰比较级，所以空处需要该形容词的比较级，表示“需要在更大的人群中反复测试”。故填 larger。 55．Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even (optimistic). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more optimistic 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：感恩有很多好处：研究表明，它让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观。空处在句中作宾补，与前面的happier及less stressed是并列关系，且空前出现了比较级的修饰词even，空处也应用形容词optimistic“乐观的”的比较级形式more optimistic。故填more optimistic。 56．The teacher said this maths problem was no (complex) than that one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：老师说这道数学题并不比那道复杂。根据空格前的系动词was和空格后的than可知，空格处应填形容词比较级作表语。故填more complex。 57．The Ten Wings made Zhouyi much (easy) for ordinary people at the time to understand and are still used today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】easier 【详解】考查比较级。句意：根据传统，孔子和他的弟子们在《周易》的另一部分《十翼》这本评注书中，努力编纂和解释这本书。《十翼》使当时的普通人更容易理解《周易》，至今仍在使用。根据空前的much以及句意可知，孔子和弟子们对《十翼》的编纂和解释使得当时的普通人更容易理解《周易》，应填easy的比较级easier。故填easier。 58．Located in the Forbidden City of Beijing, this architectural treasure boasts the (delicate) design and elegant shape among Chinese royal buildings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】most delicate 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：这座建筑瑰宝位于北京紫禁城，拥有中国皇家建筑中最精致的设计和最优雅的造型。根据句意以及常识可知，故宫拥有中国皇家建筑中最为精致的设计，由此可知，空处为形容词最高级。故填most delicate。 59．Being a mother is considered to be the (tough) but happiest job in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】toughest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：做母亲被认为是世界上最艰难但最幸福的工作。设空处与happiest并列，作定语修饰名词job，应填形容词tough的最高级toughest。故填toughest。 60．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】less frequent 【详解】考查形容词比较等级。句意：另一方面，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物不需要经常浇水。根据句意，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物，与那些适应能力差，储水能力差的植物相比较，浇水频率可以低一点，设空处修饰动名词watering，应用形容词的比较等级less frequent，为前置定语。故填less frequent。 II. 语篇填空 Passage 1 （2025年奉贤一模） The Best Music to Boost Productivity How many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of ___1___ music in the workplace can be helpful or not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music. In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became ___2___ (productive) when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study ___3___ (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music ___4___ it could be distracting. According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music ___5___ negatively impact your attention. However, if ___6___ (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference. There might be a link between “emotional use” of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music ___7___ makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed 244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music ___8___ (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background. But if you’re just here for the best tracks ___9___ (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists ____10____ (be): “Drops of Jupiter” (Train), “Dreams” (Fleetwood Mac) and “Don’t Stop Believin” (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. 【答案】1. whether 2. less productive 3. conducted 4. because##as##since 5. may##might##can##could 6. listening 7. that##which 8. was used 9. to boost 10. are 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了音乐对工作效率有帮助，但这取决于工作类型和音乐类型，并推荐了三首有助于提高效率的歌曲。 【1题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：各种研究试图解决工作场所的音乐是否有益的问题。空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。结合从句中的or not可知，这里表示“是否”的含义，应用whether引导，在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。故填whether。 【2题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：在一项研究中，一家服装制造商的机器操作员在听舒缓的音乐时，工作效率会降低；研究人员建议尝试节奏更快的音乐。根据“the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead”可知，研究人员建议让机器操作员听节奏更快的音乐，由此可知，舒缓的音乐会使他们降低工作效率。空处应用productive的比较级less productive。故填less productive。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在另一项对外科医生进行的研究中，外科医生在听古典音乐的同时对患者进行手术，结果表明他们的表现更快、更准确。study和conduct之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语。故填conducted。 【4题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：在这种情况下，研究人员建议不要播放高节奏或大声的音乐，因为这可能会分散注意力。空处引导状语从句。“it could be distracting”表示原因，所以应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：根据一些科学家的说法，无论你从事什么任务，音乐中的歌词都可能/可以对你的注意力产生负面影响。空后是动词原形impact，所以空处应用情态动词。这里表示歌词可能/可以对注意力产生负面影响，应用may/might表示可能，用can/could表示可以。故填may/might/can/could。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，如果听抒情少或古典音乐让你恼火，你可能不会很有效率，所以这最终取决于你的个人喜好。空处在句中作主语，应用动名词。故填listening。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：那么在某种程度上，你最好播放能让你快乐的音乐。空处引导定语从句，指代先行词music，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用that或which引导。故填that/which。 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：然而，有趣的是，2023年的一项研究调查了244名在工作中听音乐的人，结果显示，当音乐用于认知思维或只是在背景中播放时，没有任何好处。when引导时间状语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，根据“one 2023 study”和句中时态可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。music和use之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，且主语为不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was used。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但如果你只是来这里寻找提高生产力的最佳途径，我们为你提供了一些建议。空处作tracks的后置定语，且前有the best修饰，应用不定式。故填to boost。 【10题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最常出现在与工作相关的Spotify列表中的前三首歌曲是：《Drops of Jupiter》（Train），《Dreams》（Fleetwood Mac）和《Don’t Stop Believin》（Journey）。本句陈述的是现实情况，应用一般现在时。主语为The top three songs，谓语用复数。故填are。 Passage 2 （2025年黄埔一模） The Ancient Philosophy Behind The Sign The Sign, a 28-minute episode of the kids TV show has been hotly anticipated—and its story is a deep reflection on change. The much-loved Australian cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old blue dog has been a worldwide phenomenon since it ___1___ (launch) back in 2018. Alongside more genuinely laugh-out-loud moments than in most high-time comedies, it contains more serious elements too, such as brief introductions of parenting situations ___2___ will be painfully familiar to any guardians or caregivers, as well as inferences to fateful life events ___3___ death and marriage. It’s exploring an adult world with the joyous, surreal excitement of childhood. ___4___ viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode draws from Taoist philosophy. It is an ancient Chinese belief system based on trying ___5___ (exist) in harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story ___6___ (call) The Farmer. The story follows a series of events happening, and each time, the neighbours tell the farmer that it’s “good luck” or “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies to each situation, “We’ll see”. “Is it a happy or sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “Both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way that ___7___ is supposed to, Bluey,” she replies. The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text ___8___ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us ___9___ (be) “good” or “bad”. ____10____ ______ _______we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it. 【答案】1. was launched 2. that##which 3. like 4. What 5. to exist 6. called 7. it 8. dating 9. are 10. As long as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对儿童电视节目The Sign一集内容的深入解析，探讨了其中蕴含的道家哲学思想，并对相关文化背景进行了介绍和解释。 【1题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：自2018年首播以来，这部备受欢迎的澳大利亚动画片《Bluey》已成为全球现象。它讲述了一只七岁蓝色小狗Bluey的故事。空处为从句谓语动词；从句为“since”引导的时间状语从句，用一般过去时；主语为“it”，单数，和动词“launch”之间为被动关系。故填was launched。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与大多数高收视率喜剧相比，这部动画片中真正让人捧腹大笑的时刻更多，同时它也包含了更严肃的元素，如简要介绍对任何监护人或看护者来说都痛苦且熟悉的育儿情境，以及对死亡和婚姻等决定性人生事件的暗示。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“brief introductions of parenting situations”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：与大多数高收视率喜剧相比，这部动画片中真正让人捧腹大笑的时刻更多，同时它也包含了更严肃的元素，如简要介绍对任何监护人或看护者来说都痛苦且熟悉的育儿情境，以及对死亡和婚姻等决定性人生事件的暗示。空处为介词，意为“如……”，用介词“like”。故填like。 【4题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：观众无法预料的是，这一集会如此深刻地借鉴道家哲学。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：道家哲学是一种古老的中国信仰体系，其基础是努力与宇宙和谐共存。空处为非谓语动词担当动词“try”的宾语，意为“努力做某事”，用动词不定式形式。故填to exist。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当Bluey悲伤地告诉同学们她要搬走时，她的老师Calypso读了一个名为《农夫》的故事。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a story”和动词“call”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填called。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：“Bluey，一切都会按照它应该的方式发展的，”她回答道。空处为代词，代指“everything”，用代词“it”。故填it。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老的寓言，最初源自公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》，它提醒人们，我们无法控制也无法真正知道发生在我们身上的事情是“好”是“坏”。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“an ancient Chinese text”和动词短语“date back to”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填dating。 【9题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老的寓言，最初源自公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》，它提醒人们，我们无法控制也无法真正知道发生在我们身上的事情是“好”是“坏”。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“events”，复数。故填are。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：只要我们愿意接受变化，并相信事情会朝着最好的方向发展，我们就一定能够成功。空处为状语从句的引导词，用“as long as”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填As long as。 Passage 3 （2025年松江一模） Kung Fu — Always a Draw Andrew Konde, a second-year student at Kenya’s Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu, or martial arts, as a child after watching movies. But ____1____ began as an after-school activity has become a lifestyle for the student, who is now the chairman of the university’s Titan Martial Arts club. As a child, Konde was fascinated by the skills of martial arts heroes like Jackie Chan. He ____2____ (accept) by Strathmore University in 2022 and his interest in kung fu received a boost upon joining the martial arts club. Through hard work, he rose to become the club’s chairman and has had the honor of leading his team to wins at several martial arts championships, including the 2022 All-Africa University Games, ____3____ they emerged as the second-best overall team. “Kung fu promotes better health, ____4____ (improve) flexibility, and higher self-respect. These are essential qualities for a happier, longer life. That’s why I love it,” Konde said. Konde has also earned silver and bronze(铜) medals in local kung fu competitions since he began practicing ____5____. He sees 2023 as the highlight of his kung fu journey, after ____6____ (declare) to be one of Kenya’s top competitors in the featherweight category. Kung fu ____7____ (originate) in China and is a key part of its traditional culture. It has now grown in popularity in Kenya, particularly ____8____ school-age children. They find it interesting ____9____ it keeps them in shape, and teaches them self-defense and self-control. Kevin Obonyo, an economics lecturer and kung fu instructor at Strathmore University, said the growing enthusiasm for kung fu across Africa _____10_____ be owed to the strengthening of China-Africa relations solidified through projects like the Belt and Road Initiative. 【答案】1. what 2. was accepted 3. where 4. improved 5. it 6. being declared 7. originated##originates 8. among##with 9. because##as##since 10. could##might##should 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国功夫在非洲日益受到欢迎。 【1题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：但这项始于课后的活动已经成为了这位学生的一种生活方式，他现在是该大学泰坦武术俱乐部的主席。____1____began as an after-school activity在句中作主语，且这里指的是功夫，所以应用what引导主语从句，意为“什么，……的事物”。故填what。 【2题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：2022年，他被斯特拉斯莫尔大学录取，加入武术俱乐部后，他对功夫的兴趣得到了提升。根据时间状语“in 2022”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语He和accept之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式。故填was accepted。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：通过努力，他升任俱乐部主席，并有幸带领他的团队在几次武术锦标赛中获胜，包括2022年全非洲大学生运动会，在那里他们成为第二好的整体团队。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the 2022 All-Africa University Games，且在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：功夫有助于促进健康、提高灵活性和增强自尊。空处修饰flexibility，且二者之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作前置定语。故填improved。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：自从Konde开始练习功夫以来，他还在当地的功夫比赛中获得了银牌和铜牌。空处指代kung fu，作宾语，应用it。故填it。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在他被宣布为肯尼亚轻量级比赛的顶级选手之一后，他将2023年视为自己功夫之旅的高光部分。介词after后跟动名词形式。逻辑主语He和declare之间是动宾关系，应用动名词的被动式。故填being declared。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：功夫起源于中国，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。这里既可表示客观事实，也可表示已发生的事情，所以可用一般现在时或一般过去时。用一般现在时的时候，主语为kung fu，谓语用单数形式。故填originated/originates。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：现在它在肯尼亚越来越受欢迎，特别是在学龄儿童中。grow in popularity among/with...意为“在……中间越来越受欢迎”，为固定搭配。故填among/with。 【9题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：他们觉得这很有趣，因为它能让他们保持身材，并教会他们自卫和自我控制。空处引导状语从句，“it keeps them in shape, and teaches them self-defense and self-control”在句中表示原因，应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：斯特拉斯莫尔大学经济学讲师兼功夫讲师Kevin Obonyo表示，非洲各地对功夫的热情日益高涨，这可以/可能/应该归功于通过“一带一路”倡议等项目巩固的中非关系的加强。空后是be owed to...，所以空处应用情态动词。根据语境可知，中国功夫在非洲受欢迎这一现象可以/可能/应该归功于中非关系的加强，应用could(可以)/might(可能)/should(应该)。故填could/might/should。 Passage 4 （2025年嘉定一模） Preserving Foods Early humans had to rely on the environment to find food. Men hunted animals or caught fish, while women gathered fruits and roots. However, if the food was not eaten quickly, it would spoil and no longer be safe to eat. The lack of knowledge about ____1____ to preserve food made it difficult to store enough to eat later. Today, there are many preservation techniques, some of ____2____ date back thousands of years. One of the ____3____ (early) discoveries was the use of cooling to preserve meat. Early hunters would drag large animals to caves, where they stayed cool. The meat ____4____ (store) in the cool caves could be eaten for days, even weeks, without going bad. In colder climates, the meat would freeze and last for months. These early hunters did not understand bacteria, which cause food to spoil. They didn't know that cooling and freezing slowed bacterial growth. In warmer regions, early humans found that ____5____ (dry) food kept it from spoiling. They discovered that bacteria couldn't grow without moisture (水分) . Dried meats and fruits could last for extended periods, which was essential in areas where refrigeration was not available. ____6____ humans transitioned from hunting to farming, preserving food became even more important. Farmers relied on various methods to preserve their harvests. They salted meat, smoked it over fires, and preserved vegetables in vinegar or oil. Different cultures ____7____ (develop) unique preservation techniques: Koreans made kimchi, Germans made sauerkraut, and during the winter, preserved foods were crucial ____8____survival. Over the centuries, the ways of preserving food advanced. In the 19th century, the canning process ____9____ (introduce). By sealing food in glass jars or metal cans and boiling them to kill bacteria, food could be stored safely for long periods. Later, the invention of refrigeration in the20th century revolutionized food storage, keeping food fresh for much longer. Today, we use a combination of these methods, from freezing and canning to drying and salting, _____10_____ (ensure) that food lasts longer and remains safe to eat. 【答案】1. how 2. which 3. earliest 4. stored 5. drying 6. As##When 7. developed 8. for 9. was introduced 10. to ensure 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类保存食物技术的发展过程。 【1题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：由于缺乏保存食物的知识，很难储存足够的食物供以后食用。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，表示“如何”用how。故填how。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：今天，有许多保存技术，其中一些可以追溯到几千年前。“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词techniques，作介词of的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【3题详解】 考查最高级。句意：最早的发现之一是使用冷却来保存肉类。根据上文“One of the”以及句意“最早的”可知用最高级earliest。故填earliest。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：储存在凉爽洞穴里的肉可以吃上几天，甚至几周，而不会变质。句中已有谓语动词could be eaten，空处应用非谓语动词，此处store与meat构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填stored。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在温暖的地区，早期人类发现晾干食物可以防止变质。空处是从句主语，表示一般动作或状态，应用所给动词dry“(使)变干”的动名词形式drying作主语。故填drying。 【6题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当人类从狩猎过渡到农耕时(随着人类从狩猎过渡到农耕)，保存食物变得更加重要。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”或“随着……”用when或as，首字母大写。故填As/When。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：不同的文化发展出了独特的保存技术：韩国人做泡菜，德国人做酸菜，在冬天，保存食物对生存至关重要。空处是句子的谓语动词，句子描述的是过去的情况，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填developed。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：不同的文化发展出了独特的保存技术：韩国人做泡菜，德国人做酸菜，在冬天，保存食物对生存至关重要。短语be crucial for表示“对……至关重要”。故填for。 【9题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在19世纪，罐头工艺被引入。主语process与谓语introduce构成被动关系，根据上文时间状语In the 19th century可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was introduced。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，我们使用这些方法的组合，从冷冻和罐装到干燥和腌制，以确保食物保存更长时间并保持食用安全。此处ensure作目的状语，用不定式。故填to ensure。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 语法填空之有提示词 （动词时态、语态、非谓语及形容词、副词等级） 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 2 考点01 动词时态 2 考点02 动词语态 10 考点03 非谓语动词 14 考点04 形容词副词等级 18 高考练场 23 题型01 语法单句填空 23 题型02 语法语篇填空 35 上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。值得注意的是近年试题中出现一些平常我们在一模二模中不常考到而被忽视的语法点。 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 有提示词 形容词/ 副词 原 级 1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形 2、修饰比较级最高级的词 3、less/least+adj/adv情况 4、双写+er的单词 比较级 最高级 动词 时态语态 1、各种时态的标志词以及特征 2、主动表被动情况 不定式 1、不定式作主宾表定状补 2、动名词作主宾表定 3、分词作表定状补 4、各种非谓语的时态语态 动名词 分 词 考点归纳 考点01 动词时态 考点1　基本用法 1. 常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。 2. 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。 People speak English all over the world. (主动语态) English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成 进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 考点2　常考时态的用法 1. 一般现在时 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 Tom often goes to school by bike. (2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。 Spring follows winter. (3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。 The flowers look beautiful. (4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。 The party begins at 7 o’clock. (5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。 I’ll write you a letter as soon as I get there. If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world. Wherever you go, you will see the same thing. 2. 现在进行时 (1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 Are you working hard this term? The car is being repaired. (2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。 We are going hiking this Sunday. (3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。 He is always getting angry with me. 3. 现在完成时 (1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。 He has already obtained a scholarship. (2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。 The film has been on for half an hour. (3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。 It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4. 现在完成进行时 (1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。 I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon. (2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。 I have been telephoning him several times this morning. 5. 一般将来时 (1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 The football game will begin soon. (2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。 Fish will die without water. (3)表示临时的决定。 — We don’t have any milk in our fridge. — I’ll go and buy some. (4)其他表示将来的结构 ① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。 I’m going to have my hair cut after work. Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain. ② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。 There is to be an English exam next Monday. Father warned his son，“You are to be back by ten.” The worst is still to come. ③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。 I am about to go shopping. 注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。 If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you. 6. 过去将来时 表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 He said he would come to our school. 7. 一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 I bought a new bike last week. (2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He often watched TV at night. 8. 过去进行时 (1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 I was playing computer games when my parents came home. He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him. (2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。 Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents. 9. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets. (2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。 We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain. No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. It was the third time he had been out of work that year. (3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 考点3　几组时态的区别 一般过去时 一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系 Were you at school yesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。) 现在完成时 现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续 I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。) 过去完成时 过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作 When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。) 考点4　固定结构中的时态 hardly...when...,no sooner...than...“一……就……” 主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时 Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in. This/That/It is/was the first/second...time+that从句“是……次做某事” 若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. It+be...before... “要过……才”或“在……以后才” 若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时 I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back. was/were doing...when“正在做某事,这时(突然)” 在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式 I was about to leave when he came in. I had just locked the door when I realised I had left my key on the kitchen table. was/were about to do...when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)” had done...when“刚做完某事,这时(突然)” It is/has been+时间段+since since从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了” It has been three years since he worked here. 他不在这工作已经三年了。 It has been three years since he smoked. 他已经戒烟三年了。 It has been three years since he began to smoke. 他吸烟有三年了。 考点6 主动语态表示被动意义 系动词+形容词 look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear The soup smells good but tastes terrible. 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态 cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep This kind of material washes easily. The pen writes smoothly. 表开始、结束、运动的动词 begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式 need,require,want,be worth Your hair wants cutting. The floor requires washing. The book is worth reading. 不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系 hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible The question is difficult to answer. The box is heavy to carry. The project is impossible to complete in a year. 看句子有没有连词，若无连词，则要有1个谓语动词，有1个连词，则句子应该有2个谓语动词，2个连词应该有3个谓语动词，若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看，后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 1．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD．(所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn’t know existed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Personally, I don’t think pop-ups are a passing trend. From what we (learn) from our customers so far, they are always looking for unique products and experiences, exactly something that pop-up shops can offer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．So far, the researchers (demonstrate) stem cell therapy in preclinical lab tests. Tsuji said they were looking for outside collaborators to help develop clinical applications for the new hair growth technology. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Jason set up a plan that in five years he (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 考点02 动词语态 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 )It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 )In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 （3）特别注意：现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。 1．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)．（所给词的适当形式填空） 6．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 7．Apparently,the most depressing day of the year is the third Monday in January, when it’s cold and dark outside. This day (nickname) ‘Blue Monday’ by psychologist Cliff Arnall in 2004. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The discovery has caused huge excitement among historians, as it provides firm evidence about a ruler whose life (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumors (谣言) concerning his cold blood since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点03 非谓语动词 · 不定式用法 1. 构成 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done /被动 to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 4. It happened to be raining when I got there. 注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定 式。 注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如： I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。 I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。 I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。 2．用法 To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语） He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语） I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语） His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语） On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语） She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语） The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities. · 动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written ★ 必背动词 admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 forbid 禁止 consider考虑 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 propose 建议 resume 继续 ban 禁止 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 keep 继续 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 recommend推荐 advise建议 involve涉及 mention提及 resist 抵制 permit 默许 allow 允许 ★ 必背句型 The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam. · 分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 1. The child standing over there is my brother． 2. Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends. 3. His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 4. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 5. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 6. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together. 7. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 8. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 若句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，可作主宾表定状补，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，可作主宾表定，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，可作表定状补，常考作表语、定语、状语。 1．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．His (laugh) at in the presence of all his friends made him annoyed.(所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (expose) to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．They hurried to the water, only (find) a baby seal there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (engage) myself in the local atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Her father, the first person from Hunan Province (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly (influence) her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．By contrast, “loong”, a word （create）in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should be distinguished from its Western cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Often ________ (find) sitting on a ticket gate, Milo greeted commuters and brought smiles to all she encountered, making the spring morning a little brighter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点04 形容词副词级别 01　基本用法 1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态，在句中一般作定语、表语或宾语补足语等。 Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (作定语) English is compulsory for Chinese students. (作表语) Please keep the door open. (作宾补) 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频率等，在句中主要作状语。 Please write slowly and carefully. (修饰动词) Mary and Jane are quite different. (修饰形容词) He spoke too quickly to understand. (修饰副词) He is badly in need of money. (修饰介词短语) Generally , it’s a book worth reading. (修饰句子) 2. 形容词和副词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上人或事物之间的比较。比较的对象应为同类，且不能相互包容，常用结构为“比较级＋than＋比较对象”，“the＋最高级＋比较范围”。 The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. Allan is the second tallest player in the team. Lucy runs faster than Lily. 02　形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成 1：规则变化 构　成 例词 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est small smaller smallest great greater greatest hard harder hardest 以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st fine finer finest cute cuter cutest able abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est fat fatter fattest thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est easy easier easiest happy happier happiest early earlier earliest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful popular more popular most popular efficiently More efficiently most efficiently 2：不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,ill worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式 项　目 例　句 as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……” This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen a more interesting film. less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” This room is less beautiful than that one. the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……” The harder you work,the more progress you will make. “否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day. more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” He is more shy than unfriendly. 以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等 The book is superior to that one I just finished reading. no+比较级+than两者都不 This book is no more interesting than that once. The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… the older of the two 03　形容词、副词的倍数表达法 (1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。 (2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than... The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。 (3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of... The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。 (4)... 倍数＋what从句 Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。 (5)... 倍数＋that/those of... In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。 044　形容词作定语的位置 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置: 修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent,everything possible 以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available,the only solution possible alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with (little) money and (few) people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is (influence) in my opinion. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 10．World War II, the (deadly) human conflict of all time, had shattered  people’s lives everywhere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 高考练场 I. 单句语法填空 1．Last year, the tennis player (withdraw) from several tournaments due to injury. 2．It was by the end of the day that we (sell) over 2,000 tickets. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．I (intend) to see you off at the airport, but I had an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave. 4．She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating from college, I (have) a job teaching English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The girl, as well as her parents, (be) going to visit China next week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Nathen ________ (cycle) along a remote road when he came across an abandoned kitten. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools (ban) it since its birth. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．To address this problem, experts (increase) the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000 characters by the end of 2023, according to the government. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．Zheng He, one of the most influential explorers, (take) charge of the task. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, (keep) logs of their voyages and charted the coast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 13．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people (respond) when they heard it for the first time.（所给词的适当形式填空） 14．Larry’s parents made up their mind that they (buy) a new house once their little daughter changed her job. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．When Alice came to herself, she did not know how long she (lie) there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．Jeremy, who （concentrate）on his food, looked up at the mention of the word cash. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 17．By the time you come here, you (experience) our traditional Chinese culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．Is it likely that the scientists (discover) a cure for cancer by the year 2040? (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （所给词的适当形式填空） 20．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．At the very cafes customers can ask whether there are any suspended coffees available, and if so, they (supply) with a beverage, thanks to the kindness of a stranger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．Over the Huangpu River (build) four grand bridges in Shanghai so far. （所给词的适当形式填空） 27．Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)．（所给词的适当形式填空） 28．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 29．When clicking on links to dangerous websites or software, you may （fool） into providing personal information such as passwords, usernames or financial details. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 31．You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) by running. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．Listening to music at home is one thing, and going to hear it (perform) live is quite another. （所给词的适当形式填空） 34．On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (answer). (所给词的适当形式填空) 36．It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39． (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41．It’s the same today.  If students have the right resources (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (settle) for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets went hot on social media lately, (cause) complaints because of the product’s price, six British pounds. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47． (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48．Geography, (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．With spring (approach), many cold-blooded animals are coming out for food. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50．The ageing of China’s population is becoming increasing evident, with the number of people aged 60 or above (expect) to reach 300 million by 2025. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51．In the darkest days when Covid-19 was doing its worst, the human spirit shone at its (bright). (所给词的适当形式填空) 52．It has been revealed that countries with more forested land tend to see ________ (few) cases of mental health disorders. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53．Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half times (high) than those on the International Space Station. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54．But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far (large) groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55．Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even (optimistic). (所给词的适当形式填空) 56．The teacher said this maths problem was no (complex) than that one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57．The Ten Wings made Zhouyi much (easy) for ordinary people at the time to understand and are still used today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58．Located in the Forbidden City of Beijing, this architectural treasure boasts the (delicate) design and elegant shape among Chinese royal buildings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59．Being a mother is considered to be the (tough) but happiest job in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 60．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空) II. 语篇填空 Passage 1 （2025年奉贤一模） The Best Music to Boost Productivity How many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of ___1___ music in the workplace can be helpful or not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music. In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became ___2___ (productive) when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study ___3___ (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music ___4___ it could be distracting. According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music ___5___ negatively impact your attention. However, if ___6___ (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference. There might be a link between “emotional use” of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music ___7___ makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed 244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music ___8___ (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background. But if you’re just here for the best tracks ___9___ (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists ____10____ (be): “Drops of Jupiter” (Train), “Dreams” (Fleetwood Mac) and “Don’t Stop Believin” (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. Passage 2 （2025年黄埔一模） The Ancient Philosophy Behind The Sign The Sign, a 28-minute episode of the kids TV show has been hotly anticipated—and its story is a deep reflection on change. The much-loved Australian cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old blue dog has been a worldwide phenomenon since it ___1___ (launch) back in 2018. Alongside more genuinely laugh-out-loud moments than in most high-time comedies, it contains more serious elements too, such as brief introductions of parenting situations ___2___ will be painfully familiar to any guardians or caregivers, as well as inferences to fateful life events ___3___ death and marriage. It’s exploring an adult world with the joyous, surreal excitement of childhood. ___4___ viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode draws from Taoist philosophy. It is an ancient Chinese belief system based on trying ___5___ (exist) in harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story ___6___ (call) The Farmer. The story follows a series of events happening, and each time, the neighbours tell the farmer that it’s “good luck” or “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies to each situation, “We’ll see”. “Is it a happy or sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “Both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way that ___7___ is supposed to, Bluey,” she replies. The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text ___8___ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us ___9___ (be) “good” or “bad”. ____10____ ______ _______we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it. Passage 3 （2025年松江一模） Kung Fu — Always a Draw Andrew Konde, a second-year student at Kenya’s Strathmore University, was inspired to start learning kung fu, or martial arts, as a child after watching movies. But ____1____ began as an after-school activity has become a lifestyle for the student, who is now the chairman of the university’s Titan Martial Arts club. As a child, Konde was fascinated by the skills of martial arts heroes like Jackie Chan. He ____2____ (accept) by Strathmore University in 2022 and his interest in kung fu received a boost upon joining the martial arts club. Through hard work, he rose to become the club’s chairman and has had the honor of leading his team to wins at several martial arts championships, including the 2022 All-Africa University Games, ____3____ they emerged as the second-best overall team. “Kung fu promotes better health, ____4____ (improve) flexibility, and higher self-respect. These are essential qualities for a happier, longer life. That’s why I love it,” Konde said. Konde has also earned silver and bronze(铜) medals in local kung fu competitions since he began practicing ____5____. He sees 2023 as the highlight of his kung fu journey, after ____6____ (declare) to be one of Kenya’s top competitors in the featherweight category. Kung fu ____7____ (originate) in China and is a key part of its traditional culture. It has now grown in popularity in Kenya, particularly ____8____ school-age children. They find it interesting ____9____ it keeps them in shape, and teaches them self-defense and self-control. Kevin Obonyo, an economics lecturer and kung fu instructor at Strathmore University, said the growing enthusiasm for kung fu across Africa _____10_____ be owed to the strengthening of China-Africa relations solidified through projects like the Belt and Road Initiative. Passage 4 （2025年嘉定一模） Preserving Foods Early humans had to rely on the environment to find food. Men hunted animals or caught fish, while women gathered fruits and roots. However, if the food was not eaten quickly, it would spoil and no longer be safe to eat. The lack of knowledge about ____1____ to preserve food made it difficult to store enough to eat later. Today, there are many preservation techniques, some of ____2____ date back thousands of years. One of the ____3____ (early) discoveries was the use of cooling to preserve meat. Early hunters would drag large animals to caves, where they stayed cool. The meat ____4____ (store) in the cool caves could be eaten for days, even weeks, without going bad. In colder climates, the meat would freeze and last for months. These early hunters did not understand bacteria, which cause food to spoil. They didn't know that cooling and freezing slowed bacterial growth. In warmer regions, early humans found that ____5____ (dry) food kept it from spoiling. They discovered that bacteria couldn't grow without moisture (水分) . Dried meats and fruits could last for extended periods, which was essential in areas where refrigeration was not available. ____6____ humans transitioned from hunting to farming, preserving food became even more important. Farmers relied on various methods to preserve their harvests. They salted meat, smoked it over fires, and preserved vegetables in vinegar or oil. Different cultures ____7____ (develop) unique preservation techniques: Koreans made kimchi, Germans made sauerkraut, and during the winter, preserved foods were crucial ____8____survival. Over the centuries, the ways of preserving food advanced. In the 19th century, the canning process ____9____ (introduce). By sealing food in glass jars or metal cans and boiling them to kill bacteria, food could be stored safely for long periods. Later, the invention of refrigeration in the20th century revolutionized food storage, keeping food fresh for much longer. Today, we use a combination of these methods, from freezing and canning to drying and salting, _____10_____ (ensure) that food lasts longer and remains safe to eat. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$