内容正文:
教材精讲练·河南英语(课标版)
语
法
专
题
精
讲
练
专题五 数词
(完形:2019. 37,2016. 45;语篇填空第一节:2018. 73)
考点精讲
考向 1
基数词与序数词
1.
常见基数词与序数词的转换
1~ 9 11~ 19 10~ 90(整十数) ≥100
基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词
one first eleven eleventh ten tenth hundred hundredth
two second twelve twelfth twenty twentieth thousand thousandth
three third thirteen thirteenth thirty thirtieth million millionth
four fourth fourteen fourteenth forty fortieth billion billionth
five fifth fifteen fifteenth fifty fiftieth
six sixth sixteen sixteenth sixty sixtieth
seven seventh seventeen seventeenth seventy seventieth
eight eighth eighteen eighteenth eighty eightieth
nine ninth nineteen nineteenth ninety ninetieth
基变序速记口诀
基变序,有规律,
末尾要加 th;
一二三,特殊记,
词尾字母 tdd;
八加 h,九去 e,
f 来把 ve 替;
以 y 结尾变 ie,后跟 th 莫忘记;
若是遇到几十几,
只变个位就可以。
2.
基数词的用法
用法 含义 示例
表数量
表示事物或人物的确切数
量,
用基数词+可数名词单
数 / 复数
two
pears
表时刻
表示“……点”,用“基数词+
oclock”
nine
oclock
表示“ ……点过……分”时,
若分钟数≤30 分钟,用“基
数词+past+基数词”
twenty
past
three
表示“差……分到……点”
时,
若分钟数> 30 分钟,用
“基数词+to+基数词”
twenty
to
three
表年份 表示年份用基数词 in
2021
表年代
“in
the +年份后加-s” 表示
“在……世纪……年代”
in
the
1980s
续表
用法 含义 示例
表年龄
“基数词+year(s) +old”表
示“……岁”
seven
years
old
“at
the
age
of+基数词”表
示“在……岁时”
at
the
age
of
seven
“in
ones +整十基数词的
复数形式” 表示“在某人
几十多岁时”
in
his
twenties
表电话
号码
表示电话号码时用基数
词,单个读,重复数字可
读为“double”
Please
call
me
at
8635643.
表时间
/ 距离
使用含数词的名词所有
格形式作定语
a
twenty
minutes
walk
=a
twenty-minute
walk
88
教材精讲练·河南英语(课标版)
语
法
专
题
精
讲
练
续表
用法 含义 示例
与名词、
形容词
构成复
合定语
由“基数词+名词( +形容
词)”构成的复合定语中,
名词用单数形式,
各部分
间要用连字符“-”来连接
a
fifteen-minute
drive
a
sixteen-year-old
girl
表倍
(次)
数
一倍 ( 次) 用 once, 两倍
(次) 用 twice,两倍 ( 次)
以上用“基数词+times”
five
times
拓展
数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词
连用在句中作主语,常被看作一个整体,谓语动词
用单数。 如:
Twenty
years
is
quite
a
long
time.
3.
序数词的用法
(1)序数词前通常加 the,其后接名词单数,但当
序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格
等限定词时,不能加 the。 如:
I
like
the
third
photo.
It
is
my
second
time
to
visit
Kunming.
(2)如果序数词前面有不定冠词 a 或 an,则表示
“又一,再一”。 如:
I
have
read
this
novel
three
times,
but
I
want
to
read
it
a
fourth
time.
(3)“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数”表
示“第几……的……”。 如:
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China.
(4)表示日期时,年用基数词,日用序数词。 如:
2018 年 6 月 15 日表示为:June
15th,
2018,读
作: June
the
fifteenth,
two
thousand
and
eighteen。
(5)表示编号时,既可以用序数词,
也可以用基
数词。 如:the
eighth
lesson = Lesson
Eight;
the
thirtieth
page = Page
Thirty / 30
考向 2
确数词与概数词
1.
确数词:表示确切的数字。 具体数字(如:one,
two,
three)+hundred / thousand / million / billion
(+
可数名词复数),如:nine
hundred
dollars,词尾
不加-s。
2. 概 数 词: 表 示 不 确 切 的 数 字。 hundreds /
thousands / millions / billions+of+可数名词复数,
如:hundreds
of
animals。
考向 3
分数
1.
分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。
当分子大于 1 时,分母加-s。 如:
1 / 5
one
fifth;
2 / 3
two
thirds;
4 / 9
four
ninths。
注意
1 / 2 常用 a
half 来表示, 也可用 one
second 来表示;1/ 4 常用 a
quarter 来表示,也
可用 one
fourth 来表示;3/ 4 常用
three
quarters
来表示,也可用 three
fourths 来表示。
2.
“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词 / be 动
词 /助动词的单复数由名词的数来定。 如:
A
half
of
the
students
in
the
school
speak
English
well.
(students 是可数名词复数,所以
谓语动词用 speak)
One
third
of
the
work
has
been
finished.
(work
是不可数名词,所以助动词用 has)
考点精练
用所给单词的适当形式完成句子
1.
This
is
Mr.
Whites
(three)
visit
to
Beijing.
He
has
been
there
twice
before.
2.
My
little
brother
got
a
cool
model
car
as
a
present
for
his
( five)
birthday.
3.
Bill
has
made
great
progress
recently.
He
got
(nine)
place
in
this
exam.
4.
Parents
should
give
their
children
a
(two)
chance
and
encourage
them
to
try
again.
Failing
doesnt
mean
anything.
5.
In
his
( thirty),
Wilson
returned
to
his
hometown
and
began
to
teach.
6.
(hundred)
of
people
came
to
this
theater
to
watch
the
new
movie.
How
popular
it
was!
7.
More
than
two
( thousand)
students
in
this
university
were
chosen
as
volunteers.
8.
After
the
new
type
of
rice
was
introduced,
the
farmers
produced
( two)
as
much
as
rice
this
year.
9.
Three
( four)
of
the
girls
will
join
the
summer
camp
to
visit
England.
They
are
all
very
excited
about
the
trip.
98
参考答案·河南英语(课标版)
教
材
精
讲
练
专题二 名词
命题点 1 名词的数
【考点精讲】
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
①ways;years ②boxes;brushes ③parties;stories
④keys;holidays ⑤leaves;knives ⑥tomatoes;heroes;
potatoes;photos;pianos
3.
i;-es 5.
v;-es 6.
-es;-s
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
a→e 型:
men;women; firemen;postmen;gentlemen;
policemen;policewomen
oo→ee 型:
feet;teeth
“某国人”或“某洲人”变化口诀:
①Chinese;Japanese
②Englishmen;Frenchmen ③Africans;Americans;Asians;
Australians; Canadians; Europeans; Germans; Indians; Ital-
ians;Russians
单复数同形:
deer;sheep
合成词:
将主体词变为复数:passers-by;toothbrushes
其他:
mice;children
【考点精练】
一、1.
information 2.
teeth 3.
pleasure 4.
countries
5.
spirit 6.
decision 7.
hobbies
二、1.
situation 2.
dancer 3.
hours 4.
body
5.
progress 6.
chance 7.
ears 8.
efforts
命题点 2 名词所有格
1.
singers 2.
kids 3.
Teachers 4.
waiters
5.
farmers 6.
doctors 7.
winners 8.
strangers
专题三 形容词和副词
命题点 形容词和副词的比较等级
【考点精讲】
比较等级的变化规则———规则变化
①deeper;deepest ②longer;longest ③nicer;nicest
④larger;largest ⑤bigger;biggest ⑥hotter;hottest
⑦happier;happiest ⑧healthier;healthiest ⑨more
impor-
tant;the
most
important ⑩more
careful;the
most
careful
比较等级的变化规则———不规则变化
①better;best ②worse;worst ③more;most ④less;least
⑤farther / further;farthest / furthest ⑥older / elder;oldest /
eldest
【考点精练】
一、1.
cleaner 2.
better 3.
fastest 4.
wiser 5.
cold
6.
higher 7.
cheapest 8.
harder 9.
crowded
10.
politely 11.
longest 12.
more 13.
clearly
14.
youngest 15.
colorful 16.
happiest 17.
earlier
18.
quickly
二、1.
heavily
2.
better 3.
warmest 4.
friendlier
5.
harder
6.
highest 7.
more
expensive 8.
more
difficult 9.
early 10.
lucky 11.
worse 12.
colder
13.
best 14.
harder
专题四 代词
命题点 1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
一、1.
mine 2.
They 3.
herself 4.
him 5.
our
6.
your 7.
its
二、1.
his 2.
They 3.
him 4.
you 5.
your 6.
myself
7.
her 8.
Our 9.
mine
命题点 2 不定代词
一、1.
others 2.
either 3.
few 4.
any 5.
much
6.
none 7.
another 8.
the
other
二、1.
B 2.
D 3.
A 4.
C 5.
C 6.
B 7.
A
8.
B
9.
A 10.
C
命题点 3 指示代词
1.
This 2.
That 3.
those 4.
These 5.
one 6.
it
专题五 数词
1.
third 2.
fifth 3.
ninth 4.
second 5.
thirties
6.
Hundreds 7.
thousand 8.
twice 9.
fourths
专题六 介词
一、1.
on 2.
through 3.
near 4.
among 5.
like
6.
in 7.
against 8.
for
二、1.
from 2.
Inside 3.
on 4.
after 5.
about
6.
with 7.
at 8.
for
三、1.
without 2.
to / into 3.
by 4.
of 5.
with
专题七 冠词
一、1.
a 2.
the 3.
the 4.
a 5.
an 6.
a 7.
the
8.
an
二、1.
the 2.
a 3.
the 4.
an 5.
an 6.
the 7.
a
专题八 简单句
命题点 1 疑问句
一、1.
Neither 2.
How
soon 3.
Is 4.
Whose 5.
or
6.
When
二、1.
What 2.
Was 3.
Have 4.
How 5.
how
long
6.
How
many 7.
Who 8.
How
often
命题点 2 祈使句
1.
forget 2.
leave 3.
Remember 4.
find 5.
and
6.
Ask
命题点 3 感叹句
1.
How 2.
What
a 3.
How 4.
What 5.
How
6.
What
an 7.
how 8.
What
命题点 4 There
be句型
1.
are 2.
is 3.
There 4.
is
going
to
be / will
be
5.
were 6.
was;is 7.
Is
there 8.
No,
there
arent
命题点 5 倒装句
1.
Neither 2.
will 3.
So 4.
did 5.
was
6.
Here / There
专题九 并列复合句
一、1.
so 2.
but 3.
and 4.
or 5.
Both;and
6.
either;or 7.
neither;nor
二、1.
and 2.
nor 3.
so 4.
or 5.
but
专题十 主从复合句
命题点 1 宾语从句
一、1.
what 2.
whether 3.
turns 4.
why 5.
where
6.
when 7.
felt
二、1.
how 2.
whether 3.
why 4.
that 5.
what
命题点 2 定语从句
一、1.
which / that 2.
where 3.
when 4.
that
5.
who / that 6.
whose 7.
why
二、1.
when 2.
whose 3.
who 4.
which 5.
where
命题点 3 状语从句
一、1.
before 2.
since 3.
though 4.
keep 5.
unless
6.
As
long
as 7.
so
that 8.
If 9.
until
10.
because 11.
came 12.
Although
二、1.
Although 2.
After 3.
until 4.
Since 5.
because
6.
if 7.
whether
71