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参考答案·河南英语(课标版)
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专题二 名词
命题点 1 名词的数
【考点精讲】
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
①ways;years ②boxes;brushes ③parties;stories
④keys;holidays ⑤leaves;knives ⑥tomatoes;heroes;
potatoes;photos;pianos
3.
i;-es 5.
v;-es 6.
-es;-s
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
a→e 型:
men;women; firemen;postmen;gentlemen;
policemen;policewomen
oo→ee 型:
feet;teeth
“某国人”或“某洲人”变化口诀:
①Chinese;Japanese
②Englishmen;Frenchmen ③Africans;Americans;Asians;
Australians; Canadians; Europeans; Germans; Indians; Ital-
ians;Russians
单复数同形:
deer;sheep
合成词:
将主体词变为复数:passers-by;toothbrushes
其他:
mice;children
【考点精练】
一、1.
information 2.
teeth 3.
pleasure 4.
countries
5.
spirit 6.
decision 7.
hobbies
二、1.
situation 2.
dancer 3.
hours 4.
body
5.
progress 6.
chance 7.
ears 8.
efforts
命题点 2 名词所有格
1.
singers 2.
kids 3.
Teachers 4.
waiters
5.
farmers 6.
doctors 7.
winners 8.
strangers
专题三 形容词和副词
命题点 形容词和副词的比较等级
【考点精讲】
比较等级的变化规则———规则变化
①deeper;deepest ②longer;longest ③nicer;nicest
④larger;largest ⑤bigger;biggest ⑥hotter;hottest
⑦happier;happiest ⑧healthier;healthiest ⑨more
impor-
tant;the
most
important ⑩more
careful;the
most
careful
比较等级的变化规则———不规则变化
①better;best ②worse;worst ③more;most ④less;least
⑤farther / further;farthest / furthest ⑥older / elder;oldest /
eldest
【考点精练】
一、1.
cleaner 2.
better 3.
fastest 4.
wiser 5.
cold
6.
higher 7.
cheapest 8.
harder 9.
crowded
10.
politely 11.
longest 12.
more 13.
clearly
14.
youngest 15.
colorful 16.
happiest 17.
earlier
18.
quickly
二、1.
heavily
2.
better 3.
warmest 4.
friendlier
5.
harder
6.
highest 7.
more
expensive 8.
more
difficult 9.
early 10.
lucky 11.
worse 12.
colder
13.
best 14.
harder
专题四 代词
命题点 1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
一、1.
mine 2.
They 3.
herself 4.
him 5.
our
6.
your 7.
its
二、1.
his 2.
They 3.
him 4.
you 5.
your 6.
myself
7.
her 8.
Our 9.
mine
命题点 2 不定代词
一、1.
others 2.
either 3.
few 4.
any 5.
much
6.
none 7.
another 8.
the
other
二、1.
B 2.
D 3.
A 4.
C 5.
C 6.
B 7.
A
8.
B
9.
A 10.
C
命题点 3 指示代词
1.
This 2.
That 3.
those 4.
These 5.
one 6.
it
专题五 数词
1.
third 2.
fifth 3.
ninth 4.
second 5.
thirties
6.
Hundreds 7.
thousand 8.
twice 9.
fourths
专题六 介词
一、1.
on 2.
through 3.
near 4.
among 5.
like
6.
in 7.
against 8.
for
二、1.
from 2.
Inside 3.
on 4.
after 5.
about
6.
with 7.
at 8.
for
三、1.
without 2.
to / into 3.
by 4.
of 5.
with
专题七 冠词
一、1.
a 2.
the 3.
the 4.
a 5.
an 6.
a 7.
the
8.
an
二、1.
the 2.
a 3.
the 4.
an 5.
an 6.
the 7.
a
专题八 简单句
命题点 1 疑问句
一、1.
Neither 2.
How
soon 3.
Is 4.
Whose 5.
or
6.
When
二、1.
What 2.
Was 3.
Have 4.
How 5.
how
long
6.
How
many 7.
Who 8.
How
often
命题点 2 祈使句
1.
forget 2.
leave 3.
Remember 4.
find 5.
and
6.
Ask
命题点 3 感叹句
1.
How 2.
What
a 3.
How 4.
What 5.
How
6.
What
an 7.
how 8.
What
命题点 4 There
be句型
1.
are 2.
is 3.
There 4.
is
going
to
be / will
be
5.
were 6.
was;is 7.
Is
there 8.
No,
there
arent
命题点 5 倒装句
1.
Neither 2.
will 3.
So 4.
did 5.
was
6.
Here / There
专题九 并列复合句
一、1.
so 2.
but 3.
and 4.
or 5.
Both;and
6.
either;or 7.
neither;nor
二、1.
and 2.
nor 3.
so 4.
or 5.
but
专题十 主从复合句
命题点 1 宾语从句
一、1.
what 2.
whether 3.
turns 4.
why 5.
where
6.
when 7.
felt
二、1.
how 2.
whether 3.
why 4.
that 5.
what
命题点 2 定语从句
一、1.
which / that 2.
where 3.
when 4.
that
5.
who / that 6.
whose 7.
why
二、1.
when 2.
whose 3.
who 4.
which 5.
where
命题点 3 状语从句
一、1.
before 2.
since 3.
though 4.
keep 5.
unless
6.
As
long
as 7.
so
that 8.
If 9.
until
10.
because 11.
came 12.
Although
二、1.
Although 2.
After 3.
until 4.
Since 5.
because
6.
if 7.
whether
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教材精讲练·河南英语(课标版)
语
法
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题
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took
part
in
many
TV
programs
and
performed
the
Drunken
Beauty(《贵妃醉酒》)
during
a
show
on
CCTV.
The
magic
of
Peking
Opera
is
endless.
I
hope
that
more
young
people
will
enjoy
6.
Peking
Opera
in
the
future.
Passage
2
write
watch
remember tell
lead
achieve
become win
As
a
teenager,
you
may
have
many
dreams.
These
dreams
can
be
very
big,
like
7.
the
Nobel
Prize,
or
they
can
be
small.
Maybe
you
just
want
to
8.
one
of
the
best
students
in
your
class.
Once
you
have
a
dream,
what
do
you
do
with
it?
Follow
Your
Heart
9.
by
Australian
writer
Andrew
Mathews
tells
us
that
following
our
dreams
is
the
greatest
challenge
in
life.
You
may
think
you
are
not
very
good
at
some
school
subjects
or
that
it
is
impossible
for
you
to
become
a
writer.
These
kinds
of
thoughts
stop
you
from
10.
your
dream,
the
book
says.
In
fact,
everyone
can
make
his
dream
come
true.
The
first
thing
you
must
do
is
to
11.
what
your
dream
is.
Dont
let
it
leave
your
heart.
Keep
12.
yourself
what
you
want.
Do
this
step
by
step,
and
you
will
realize
your
dream
faster
because
a
big
dream
is
made
up
of
many
small
dreams.
You
must
also
never
give
up
your
dream.
There
will
be
many
difficulties
on
the
road
13.
to
your
dream.
But
the
biggest
difficulty
comes
from
yourself.
Its
important
to
know
what
is
truly
important
to
you.
If
you
choose
to
study
instead
of
14.
TV,
you
may
get
better
grades.
As
you
get
much
closer
to
your
dream,
you
are
more
likely
to
achieve
it.
专题二 名词
知识必备 名词的位置及其常见的句法功能
句法功能 位置 例句
作主语 句首 English
is
my
favorite
subject.
作宾语 介词或动词后
He
usually
goes
to
school
by
bike.
She
bought
a
new
dress.
作表语 系动词后 He
is
a
great
inventor.
作定语 名词前 We
are
discussing
the
population
problem.
作同位语 名词(短语)或代词后 Mr. Wang,
our
English
teacher,
is
very
knowledgeable.
作宾补 名词(短语)或代词后 She
found
him
a
very
good
pupil.
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教材精讲练·河南英语(课标版)
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命题点 1 名词的数
(语篇填空第一节:10 年 18 考)
考点精讲
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.
判定方法
(1)判定所选名词是可数名词还是不可数名词
可数名词 不可数名词
①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如: a
desk,
two
desks;
②可数名词前面可以被冠词、基数词、序数词、指示代
词、many 等词直接修饰,如:an
egg,
three
girls,
these
singers;
③只修饰可数名词的修饰语
a / an 一个 this
这个
that 那个 these 这些
those 那些 every / each 每个
another 另一个 many
许多
few 几乎没有 a
few 一些;几个
several
一些;几个
any
other 其他任何一个
a
couple
of 两个;几个 a
pair
of 一双
many
a 很多 quite
a
few 很多
a
(great / large)
number
of
很多
①不可数名词没有复数形式,如:beef,
ice,
peace;
②不可数名词不可以被不定冠词(a / an)、基数词、序数词、
指示代词、many 等词直接修饰;
③表示不可数名词的具体数量时,其结构为:数词 / 不定
冠词+表示计量的词+ of +不可数名词,如:a
glass
of
water,
a
piece
of
cake,
two
cups
of
coffee;
表示不可数名词的大概数量时,可在不可数名词前加
表示大概数量的限定词,如:some
water
一些水,
much
time 很多时间;
④只修饰不可数名词的修饰语
little 很少;几乎没有 a
little
有一点儿
much 很多 a
bit
of
有一点儿
a
good / great
deal
of 很多
a
large
amount
of 大量的
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语
some / any 一些
a
lot
of
很多
lots
of 很多
plenty
of 充足的
enough 足够的 most
大多数的 hardly
any 几乎没有 the
rest
of
剩下的
有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,
但含义不同,常见的有:
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
experience 经历 经验 paper 试卷;论文 纸
exercise 练习题 锻炼 radio 收音机 无线电
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间
iron 熨斗 铁 time 次数;倍数 时间
life 生命 生活 wood 树林 木头;木材
light 电灯 光;光线 work 作品 工作
(2)判定可数名词用单数形式还是复数形式
▶填单数形式的判定方法
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教材精讲练·河南英语(课标版)
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▶填复数形式的判定方法
拓展
初中常见的集合名词有两类:
1.
形式为单数,但意义可分为单数和复数。 如:
family,
team,
group,
class 等。 当它们作主语
时,若强调整体,谓语用单数;若强调集体中的
成员,谓语用复数。 如:
His
family
is
large. / His
family
are
waiting
for
him.
2.
形式为单数,但意义永远为复数。 如:people,
police,
可与 the 连用,谓语动词用复数。 如:
The
police
are
asking
him
something
about
the
event.
2.
变形方法———记背版见《晨读词句篇》P103
(1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
例词 规则
①way→
year→
1. 一般情况在名词后加-s
②
box→
brush→
特例:stomach→stomachs
2. 以字母 s,x,sh,ch 结尾
的词加-es
③party→
story→
3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的
词先变 y 为 ,
再加
④key→
holiday→
4.
以元音字母加 y 结尾的
词加-s
续表
例词 规则
⑤leaf→
knife→
特例:roof→roofs
belief→beliefs
5. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词变 f
或 fe 为 ,再加
⑥tomato→
hero→
potato→
photo→
piano→
6. 以 o 结尾有生命的词加
,无生命的词加
(2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 示例
a→e 型
man→
woman→
fireman→
postman→
gentleman→
policeman→
policewoman→
特例:human→humans
oo→ee 型
foot→ tooth→
特例:boot→boots
“某国人”
或“某洲
人”变化
口诀
①中日永不变
Chinese→
Japanese→
②英法 a 变 e
Englishman→
Frenchman→
③其余 s 加后面
African→
American→ Asian→
Australian→
Canadian→
European→
German→ Indian→
Italian→
Russian→
单复数同形 deer→ sheep→
合成词:
将主体词
变为复数
passer-by→
toothbrush→
其他 mouse→ child→
▶更多名词的数的变化———见《词汇分层练》P135
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考点精练
一、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子
spirit tooth country decision
pleasure information hobby
1.
Our
teacher
asked
us
to
look
for
some
about
the
earthquake
on
the
Internet.
2.
We
should
develop
a
good
habit
of
brushing
at
least
twice
a
day.
3.
She
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
Helping
others
can
bring
her
great
.
4.
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
is
becoming
popular
in
different
around
the
world.
5.
No
matter
how
times
change,
the
of
Lei
Feng
will
exist(存在)
forever.
6.
The
government
will
discuss
these
problems
and
make
a
as
soon
as
possible.
7.
Writing
is
one
of
my
and
Ive
kept
writing
for
over
ten
years.
二、语篇填空第一节———方框选词
chance situation body effort
hour
progress
ear dancer
Never
give
up!
This
is
my
guiding
principle
(准则)
in
life.
Some
people
say
their
hobbies
are
“in
their
blood”.
Others
say
hobbies
come
naturally
to
them.
But
for
me,
my
1.
is
completely
different
from
theirs.
Though
I
love
to
dance
very
much,
Ive
never
been
a
talented
2.
.
When
I
started
taking
dancing
lessons
as
a
kid,
I
had
to
practice
for
several
3.
just
to
do
the
same
moves
which
the
other
kids
could
learn
easily.
I
often
felt
sad.
It
seemed
that
I
could
not
make
my
4.
follow
my
mind.
After
a
few
years,
I
felt
bored,
so
I
thought
it
might
be
time
to
give
up.
I
was
down
those
days
until
my
coach
called
me
out
one
day.
To
my
surprise,
I
was
praised
by
him
for
my
hard
work
and
great
5.
.
He
also
told
me
that
I
got
a
6.
for
a
solo
dance(独舞)
at
our
next
public
show!
I
couldnt
believe
my
7.
at
that
moment.
I
realized
how
far
I
had
come.
My
life
has
changed
since
then.
I
feel
Im
doing
better
and
better
in
dance.
More
importantly,
Im
becoming
much
stronger
and
more
confident.
Whenever
you
want
to
give
up,
just
remember
to
try
your
best.
All
the
8.
you
made
in
the
past
will
never
be
wasted,
but
will
turn
out
to
be
a
huge
step
towards
success.
命题点 2 名词所有格
(语篇填空第一节:2019. 73,2017. 74)
考点精讲
名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系。 有
三种形式:s 所有格、of 所有格和双重所有格。
1.
s 所有格
类别 构成方法 示例
单数名词 加 s
the
boys
book
a
days
work
Chinas
capital
复数
名词
以-s 结尾 加
your
grandparents
room
the
girls
mom
不以-s
结尾
加 s Childrens
Day
续表
类别 构成方法 示例
表示几个人
共同拥有
在最后一
个名词后
加 s
Lucy
and
Lilys
father
The
bedroom
is
tidy
and
nice.
Its
Lucy
and
Lilys.
表示每个
人各自拥有
在每个名
词后加 s
Jennys
and
Saras
teachers
Toms
and
Bobs
fathers
are
firefighters.
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