专题二 动词-【众相原创·赋能中考】2025年中考英语课堂精讲册(陕西专用)
2025-02-14
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教辅
众相原创文化传播(陕西)有限公司
进店逛逛 内容正文:
众相原创 赋能中考
14.trees 15.dangerous 16.articles 17.activities
18.fun 19.artists 20.years 21.traditional
22.chance 23.wonderful 24.paintings 25.skils
26.price
专项提升2 名词短语填空———针对完成句子
1.private/personalinformation 2.redcup/glass
3.Englishclub 4.airpolution 5.traditionalculture
6.excitingnews 7.theGreatWal 8.Greatchanges
9.goodluck 10.warmclothes
专题二 动 词
考点1 动词、动词短语辨析
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.D
9.C 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.A
16.C 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.A 21.B
考点2 情态动词
1.B 2.D 3.could 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A
9.cant 10.must 11.may 12.could 13.couldnt
14.mustnt
考点3 动词的时态
1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.played 8.is
9.got 10.waiting 11.joined 12.practicing
13.developed 14.led 15.making 16.won
17.realized 18.gets 19.do 20.accepted 21.are
22.suggested 23.raining 24.beat 25.leaving 26.C
27.A 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.A 32.C 33.D
34.been 35.watched 36.decided 37.loves
38.making 39.ofered 40.said 41.wants
考点4 动词的语态
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.invented
8.taken 9.sold 10.held 11.asked 12.wasted
13.recording 14.sent 15.repaired 16.found
17.clean 18.created 19.feel 20.B 21.C 22.D
23.known 24.caled 25.renamed 26.made
27.seen
考点5 非谓语动词
1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.drinkwater
8.todohousework 9.send 10.use 11.live
12.swimming 13.go 14.tosleep 15.tofinishtheir
homework 16.makingshortvideos 17.givingus
18.wastingfood 19.tobehave 20.toread 21.Tosave
22.colect 23.dealing 24.come 25.eating
26.Picking 27.keep 28.changing 29.protect
考点6 主谓一致
1.C 2.D 3.is 4.are 5.is 6.is 7.is 8.play
9.kisses 10.is 11.are 12.live 13.is 14.comes
15.is 16.like
专项提升1 用动词的适当形式
填空———针对短文填空
1.development 2.ofer 3.met 4.seems 5.won
6.has 7.stopped 8.leader 9.found 10.looking
11.remember 12.created 13.asked 14.teaching
15.show 16.has 17.felt 18.making 19.brought
20.read 21.decided 22.find 23.took 24.known
25.holds 26.graduated 27.trying
专项提升2 动词短语填空
———针对完成句子
1.be/feel/getafraid/scared 2.takethebus 3.easily
findtheplace 4.warmlywelcomed 5.runsaway
6.turnof 7.dependon/upon 8.grow/plantvegetables
9.savetime 10.sounds(too)noisy/loud 11.feelrelax
ed 12.developingquickly/rapidly 13.eathealthily
14.Lookat 15.havepicnics 16.madeof 17.take
somephotos/pictures 18.getlost/loseourway 19.wide
lyused 20.pickitup
专题三 形容词和副词
考点1 形容词、副词词义辨析
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.C
9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B
16.C 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.A
23.B
考点2 形容词和副词的比较等级
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.(geting/becoming/turning)green
erandgreener 5.cheaper 6.most 7.hardest/hard
8.beter 9.thelongest 10.thefresher 11.cheaperand
cheaper 12.thefastest 13.studies/worksharder
14.notas/so 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.A
20.C 21.more 22.simpler 23.later 24.luckiest
25.greatest
专项提升1 用形容词、副词的适当形式
填空———针对短文填空
1.rapidly 2.high 3.easily 4.unlucky 5.widely
6.dificult 7.slowly 8.popular 9.cheaper 10.most
11.beter 12.usualy 13.important 14.biggest
15.beter 16.warm 17.usualy 18.smaler
19.impossible 20.rapidly 21.dificult
专项提升2 形容词(短语)填空
———针对完成句子
1.daily 2.(geting/becoming)interestedin
3.befriendly 4.excitedabout 5.famousfor/welknown
for/knownfor 6.warmerandwarmer 7.unexpected
8.strictwith/hardon 9.necessary 10.harmful 11.be
thankful/gratefulto 12.strongerandstronger
专题四 代 词
考点1 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ourselves
7.your 8.me 9.Hers 10.himself 11.his
12.us 13.them 14.myself 15.you
考点2 不定代词
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.A
考点3 指示代词
1.those 2.these 3.it 4.that 5.one 6.This
专题五 介 词
考点1 介词的基本用法
1.in 2.as 3.by 4.along 5.without 6.After
7.like 8.on
考点2 介词的固定搭配及介词短语
1.D 2.A 3.A 4.onthephone 5.(al)byyourself/
yourself 6.After(eating/having)dinner/supper 7.in
public 8.indanger 9.near/bythewindow 10.behind
me 11.on/atweekends 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C
16.B 17.A
专题六 冠 词
1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C
9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C
6
书
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
专题二 动 词
考点 1 动词、动词短语辨析
(完形第二节:每年2~5道)
!"#$%&
011
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
中考解读:陕西近6年动词及动词短语辨析均在完形填空第二节中考查。动词词义辨析有两种
考查形式:①实义动词词义辨析(每年2~4道);②近义动词词义辨析(2018.39)。动词短语辨析有两
种考查形式:①同一动词型(2021.31);②混合型(6年3考)。
解题技巧:解答动词及动词短语辨析类试题时,首先要明确各选项的含义,然后分析语境,找出
关键词或前后的逻辑关系,从而确定正确答案。熟记动词及动词短语的含义是正确解答此类试题的
关键。动词短语与搭配见《教材知识记背册》P93。
考点测验
1.(2024陕西31题节选)TheTurtlewasnotsatisfied
withhislife.Hewantedsomuchto
beingaturtle.
A.continue B.stop
C.try D.enjoy
2.(2024陕西33题节选)“Iwanttobeabletoflyin
theairlikeaneagle.”HespoketotheEagle
aboutit.“Yourenotbuiltfor ,”the
EagletoldtheTurtle.“Youdonthaveany
wings.”
A.swimming B.running
C.flying D.climbing
3.(2023陕西 33题节选)Withgreatpatience,she
showedandtaughtyouthattherewasawordto
describeeveryobjectandidea.BecauseofMs.
Sulivan,yourenowableto andwrite
bytouch.
A.dance B.read
C.play D.watch
4.(2022陕西 35题节选)Whentheyfinished
breakfast,bothofthemwentouttothetreein
theirgardenandbegantomeasure(测量).
Thentheygotsomeboardsandstartedto
themwithasaw(锯子).
A.wash B.cut
C.sel D.paint
5.(2024陕西 34题节选)“Dont that,”
answeredtheTurtle.“Ivewatchedhowthe
birdsdoitforalongtime.Ivewatchedcarefuly
howtheyflyanddothingsintheair.IthinkI
realygotit.”
A.lookafter B.hearabout
C.preparefor D.woryabout
6.(2021陕西 31题节选)Remysmothergotsick
beforehewasborn.Shecouldnot
Remy.Soheneededafostermothertotakecare
ofhim.
A.lookafter B.lookat
C.lookfor D.looklike
7.(2020陕西 31题节选)Myfathertoldmethat
thereusedtobeaforestnearourtown.Butthe
farmerwhoownedtheforest trees
everyyearuntiloneyear,therewerenotrees
left.
A.cutup B.cutdown
C.lookedfor D.lookedafter
完形填空
Cloze1(2024海南改编)
ThisisastoryofJoeandFonzie.Joewasa
boyandFonziewasadolphin(海豚).Joewas
threeyearsoldwhenthestory 8 .
WhenJoewasborn,hehadaproblemwithhis
heartanddoctorshadtooperate(做手术)onhim.
Whenhewasthree,hehadasecond heart
operation.Thisoperationdidntgowel.Asa
result,hecouldntmovethebacksideofhisbody.
Thedoctorsthoughtthathecouldntgetbeter.But
Joesmotherdidnt 9 .Shetookhimtodiferent
placestoseedoctors.However,itwasntvery
successful.
Joelikedtostayinwaterandhismumthought
swimmingcouldhelphim.Onedaytheywenttoa
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众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
placecaledDolphinPlus,wherepeople 10
withdolphins.JoemetFonziethereandthestory
realybegan.
JoewenttoseeFonzieeveryday.Heloved
11 Fonzieandfeedingit.Joesmothertoldhim
alwaystofeedFonzieusinghislefthand.SoJoe
12 hisleftsidemoreandmore.Slowly,hegot
beterandbeter.Atthesametime,JoeandFonzie
becamegoodfriends.
WhenJoesmothersawthatJoesfriendship
withFonziehelpedhimalot,sheandherfamily
wantedtohelppeoplelikeJoe.Sotheyworkedhard
to 13 aplacecaledIslandDolphinCare.Its
openingatracted(吸引)andhelpedmanypeople
withhealthproblems.
Joesaidinaninterview,“Fonziewasagreat
friendtome;wesharedalotofgoodtimes.”
(D)8.A.kept B.improved
C.stopped D.began
(C)9.A.giveaway B.giveout
C.giveup D.givein
(D)10.A.agreed B.walked
C.flew D.swam
(C)11.A.stayingup B.lookingup
C.playingwith D.dealingwith
(B)12.A.borowed B.exercised
C.brushed D.changed
(A)13.A.open B.visit
C.find D.touch
Cloze2(2024菏泽改编)
Yearsago,myfatherandIwereonasummer
roadtripfromDalastoAustin.Onourwayback,
thebaterymeter(电池电量计)seemedtoact
funny,jumpingupthendroppingdown.
Westoppedtobuyanewbateryandreplaced
(替换)theoldoneintheparkinglot.Andwe
14 ourtrip.Wegotabout20milesoutsidethe
citywhenourcardied.Thenwe 15 itwasnot
theproblemofthebatery.Wehadto 16 on
thesideoftheroad.Myfather 17 thecarand
repaireditonhisown,butitstildidntwork.
Wewereabouttocalforhelpwhenatruck
stoppedinfrontofourcar.Amangotoutand
startedwalkingtowardsus.Heaskeduswhatthe
problemwas.Myfather 18 thatourcarwas
dead.Themansaidhehadatowchain(拖链)and
wouldbeabletotowustoDalas,whichwasabout
200milesaway.Weagreedandthankedhim.
Thenmyfather 19 inourcar,andIgot
onthetruck.LaterIlearnedthestoryofthetruck
driver.Aboutayearago,hewastoldbythedoctor
thathehadlungcancer(肺癌),andhisdayswere
numbered.Insteadofdoingtreatment(治疗),he
decidedtoacceptthefactandspendtherestofhis
lifedrivingaloverTexas,and 20 peoplewho
wereinneed.
Icantrememberhisnameanymore,butIl
never 21 himhelpingusthatnight.
(B)14.A.puton B.wenton
C.ranaway D.camefrom
(A)15.A.realized B.regreted
C.expected D.minded
(C)16.A.mark B.lock
C.stop D.act
(A)17.A.gotof B.turnedon
C.sloweddown D.caredabout
(D)18.A.noticed B.learned
C.argued D.replied
(A)19.A.stayed B.lived
C.knew D.sang
(A)20.A.helping B.choosing
C.greeting D.reporting
(B)21.A.forgive B.forget
C.invite D.introduce
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第二部分 语法知识精讲练
考点 2 情态动词
(完形第一节:2023.23;完形第二节:2022.40;短文填空:2019.70)
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中考解读:陕西近6年情态动词在完形填空第一节、第二节中考查词义辨析,在短文填空中考查
情态动词变过去式。
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回答情态动词引导的一般疑问句的特殊情况
1.由may或might引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can;否定回答用cant/mustnt。如:
—May/MightIreadthisbook?
—Yes,youmay/can./No,youcant/mustnt.
2.由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must;否定回答常用neednt/donthaveto/doesnthaveto,
而mustnt意为“禁止,不允许”,不能作为否定答语。如:
—MustIgotothatparty?
—Yes,youmust./No,youneednt/donthaveto.
311
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
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3.由need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must;否定回答用neednt。如:
—NeedIdotheworkatonce?
—Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.
4.回答以could引导的一般疑问句时,用can,不用could。如:
—CouldIuseyourmobilephone?
—Yes,youcan./No,youcant.
考点测验
1.(2023陕西 23题节选)WhenIfirstlostmy
hearing,IwassadthatI neveragain
hearmymothersing.
A.can B.could
C.haveto D.hadto
2.(2022陕西 40题节选)Earlythatnight,LiuTao
askedhisbrotherifhecouldborowasleeping
bag.“Sure,”saidthebrother.“But
Igowithyou?”“Ofcourse,youcan.”
A.must B.should
C.need D.can
can must
3.(2019陕西70题节选)AsIwavedgoodbyetothe
oldman,I seehimstanding
therewithathankfulsmile.
Ⅰ.完形填空
Bengotanamazingcup.Onarealycold
morning,Benwashungryandcold.Helookedat
thecupandsaid,“Imsocold,andIwishI 4
haveacupofhotchocolate.”Suddenly,thecup
wasfulofhotchocolate.Benwasverysurprised.
Hedrankithappily.
Thenhelookeddownatthecupagainand
said,“I 5 likeahundredbookssothatIcan
learnabouttheworld,please.” Suddenly,a
hundredbooksfelontheground.
Whilehewasreadingthebooks,hisbrothers
cameback.Bentoldthem whathadhappened.
They 6 waittopickupthecupandsaid,
“Cup, 7 yougiveusaroomfulofmoney?”
Suddenly,therewasmoneyeverywhere.The
brothersbegantofightforthecup.Thenthecup
feldownandbroke,andalthemoneyandbooks
disappeared.
Butthecupcouldntmakealthestoriesabout
theworlddisappearfromBenshead.Benlearneda
lotandbecameawriterlater.Sowealth 8
disappearbutknowledgenever.Itonlyproves(证
明)thattheresnogainwithoutpain.
(C)4.A.must B.need
C.could D.may
(B)5.A.should B.would
C.need D.might
(A)6.A.couldnt B.cant
C.mustnt D.neednt
(C)7.A.must B.should
C.can D.need
(A)8.A.might B.would
C.must D.shal
Ⅱ.选词填空基础题
may could mustnt
couldnt cant must
9.—Look!IsthatgirlAlice?
—No,it beher.Sheisonatour
inBeijingnow.
10.—You beverytiredafter
finishingalofthosehardjobs.
411
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
—Yes.Iltakeagoodrestandmakemyself
comfortable.
11.—Rebecca,haveyoudecidedwhattodothis
Saturday?
—Notyet.I volunteeratthe
oldpeopleshome.
12.MybrotherStevenisasmartboy.He
readwhenhewasfive.
13.Somepeopledontshowtheirtalentsatthevery
beginning.EvenEinstein read
untilhewasseven.
14.—Dad,itstoohot.CanIswimaloneinthe
river?
—No,you .Itsquite
dangerous.
考点 3 动词的时态
(完形第一节:每年1道;短文填空:每年1~3道)
!"#$%&
中考解读:陕西近6年动词的时态在完形填空第一节中每年必考1道,在短文填空中考查填动
词原形、动词原形变单三形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词。
考点讲解
一般现在时
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
结构
1.主语+am/is/are+表语
2.主语+动词原形/动词的单三
形式+宾语
1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连用。如:
Ialwaysgetupearly.
2.表示主语现在的特征或状态等。如:
Shehasagoodsenseofhumor.
3.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如:
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
511
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
续表
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
标志词
1.频度副词:always,usualy,
often, sometimes, seldom,
never,hardlyever
2.频度词组:onceayear,twice
amonth,threetimesaday等
3.其他词组:onSundays,at/on
weekends,every day/year爥
(every系列)
4.主将从现:一个复合句含有由 when,after,before,until,as
soonas,once等引导的时间状语从句或由 if,unless,aslong
as等引导的条件状语从句,主句若用一般将来时,从句用一
般现在时表将来。如:
Ifyougotothatparty,Iwilgoaswel.
5.表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,
但仅限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arive等动词。如:
Thetrainleavesatfivethisafternoon.
一般过去时
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
结构
1.主语+was/were+表语
2.主语+动词的过去式+宾语
标志词
1.一段时间+ago
2.yesterday及yesterday词组
3.last+时间词
4.justnow, in the past, in
1920等
5.attheageof爥,usedto爥
6.oneday,longlongago,
onceuponatime
1.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
Igotupearlythismorning.
2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,常与频度副词连用。如:
WhenNancywasalitlegirl,sheoftenplayedgameswithher
sister.
3.有些句子没有明确表示过去时间的状语,但实际上是过去发
生的,应用一般过去时。如:
—Excuseme,sir.Itsanonsmokingarea.
—Sory.Ididntseeit.
4.在since引导的时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时,从句用
一般过去时。如:
IthasbeensevenyearssinceIgotthisbike.
一般将来时
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
结构
1.主语+wil/shal+动词原形+
表语/宾语
2.主语+am/is/aregoingto+动
词原形+表语/宾语
1.表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
TheywilleaveforShanghainextweek.
2.表示某种必然的趋势。如:
Fishwildiewithoutwater.
3.begoingto+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,常指已决定
的、很可能发生的事情,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事
情。如:
Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend.(计划)
Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.(客观迹象)
611
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
续表
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
标志词
1.tomorow,soon,someday
2.nextweek/month(next系列)
3.inaweek,in2027,in+一段
时间,inthefuture
4.thisFriday,thisweek
4.“beaboutto+动词原形”或“beto+动词原形”结构也可表示即
将发生的动作。如:
Thefootbalmatchisabouttobegin.
现在进行时
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
结构
主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分
词+宾语
标志词
1.now
2.atthistime,atthe/thismoment,
atpresent
3.when,while
4.Look!/Listen!
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
Iamwritinganemailtomycousin.
2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,此刻不一定在进行,常用时
间状语有:this/these+表示一段时间的名词。如:
Jimispreparingforanimportantpaintingcompetitionthesedays.
3.bedoing表示将来,常用于这种结构的动词有:go,come,
leave,stay,start,begin,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事
情。如:
MyauntisleavingforGuiyangthisafternoon.
过去进行时
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
结构 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+宾语
标志词
1.then
2.atthattime,attenyesterday,atthis
timeyesterday
3.when/while引导的表示过去时间的状
语从句
1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如:
IwaswatchingTVatninelastnight.
2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如:
WewerewatchingTVfromsixtoeightlastnight.
3.表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,常出现在
when,while,as引导的时间状语从句中。如:
Everybodywasdancingwhilethemusicwasplaying.
现在完成时
基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
结构
主语+has/have+动词的过去分词+表
语/宾语
标志词
1.already,ever,never,just,yet,stil
2.recently,sofar
3.inthepast/last3years/爥
4.since1998,since+一段时间+ago,
since+时间状语从句
5.for+一段时间
1.表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成
的影响。如:
Hehasturnedofthelight.
2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,也许还
要持续下去,常和for,since连用,动词应用延续性
动词。如:
Mr.Whitehasworkedinthisfactorysinceitopened.
711
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
拓展:实义动词还可以根据动作是否延续分为:①延续性动词;②非延续性动词。
分类 定义 例词 例句
延续性动词
表示可以持续的动作或状态,
可以和表示一段时间的时间状
语连用
live,stay,study,work,
keep,teach
Ihavestudiedinthisschool
forthreeyears.
非延续性动词
表示在短暂时间内可以完成的
动作,不可以和表示一段时间
的时间状语连用
buy,lend,borow,die,
begin,stop,arrive
Sheboughtanicewatch.
若句中含有表示一段时间的时间状语,谓语动词应用延续性动词;如果动词是非延续性动词,
则要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见转化见下表:
非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组) 非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
arivein/at/reach/getto bein begin/start beon
borrow/lend keep buy have
catchacold haveacold comeback beback
die bedead fal/becomeasleep/il beasleep/il
join bein/beamemberof leave beaway(from)
marry bemaried open beopen
如:Iveleftthisschoolforeightyears.()
Ivebeenawayfromthisschoolforeightyears.(√)
考点测验
1.(2024陕西 25题节选)Policedogshavean
importantroleinfightingcrime(犯罪活动).
Eachdog withonepoliceoficer.
A.hasworked B.wasworking
C.worked D.works
2.(2023陕西 21题节选)Attheageofeight,
somethingteriblehappenedwhileI
playingnearanoilwel.
A.is B.are
C.were D.was
3.(2022陕西 27题节选)However,inthepastfew
years,things greatly.
A.haschanged B.havechanged
C.ischanging D.arechanging
4.(2021陕西21题节选)Oneday,whilethewoman
clothesintheriver,shesawagreat
big orange on the water moving slowly
towardsher.
A.washes B.iswashing
C.waswashing D.washed
5.(2020陕西26题节选)Hefinalymadeitandtook
homeasilvercupforaspecialactingprize.The
moviealso both nationaland
internationalprizes.
A.wilwin B.win
C.wins D.won
6.(2019陕西 21题节选)OneSundayafternoon,
afterrunningasusual,John togo
homeandhavearest.
A.decided B.hasdecided
C.decides D.wildecide
811
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
get wait be play
7.(2024陕 西 70题 节 选)Yet,technologyis
developingrapidly,andsomeotherwaysof
onlinecommunication,such asWeChatin
China,have amoreimportant
partthanemail.
8.(2023陕西 61题节选)Natureiswonderful.It
ourbestteacher.Itteachesusa
lotandweareborntolearnfromittosolve
problems.
9.(2023陕西66题节选)Engineers
acleveridea.Theychangedthefrontofthe
trainstomatchtheshapeofthekingfisher.
10.(2019陕西 61题节选)Atthelastcrossing,
whileIwas forthegreenlight,
Isawanoldmanwalkingtowardme.
Ⅰ.短文填空基础题
make beat do practice win
suggest accept be join leave
lead realize rain develop get
11.Judy thevolunteerprogramtwo
yearsago.
12.—Helen,Ididntseeyouintheclassroomat
fiveyesterdayafternoon.
—Oh,Iwas singingforthe
graduationceremonyatthattime.
13.Sofar,Chinesescientistshave
roboticfishthatcanhelpcleanupplastic
polutioninthesea.
14.In1519,Magelan thefirst
voyagetosailaroundtheworld.
15.Look!Judyis asnowmanover
there!Letsgoandhavefuntogether!
16.Itookpartinthelongjumpand
firstplaceatthesportsmeeting.
17.Inthelastfewyears,thecityhas
itsgoalsinenvironmentalprotection.
18.Andyisasweetandsmartchild,andheoften
praisefromhisteachers.
19.Thenewsupermarketwil two
surveysonitsgoodsandservicethisweekend.
20.Iwouldliketogototheconcertwithyou
tonight,butIhave Mikes
invitationtohisbirthdayparty.
21.Wildanimals ourfriends.We
shouldntkilthemforfoodorclothes.
22.Tom makingsomesentences
withthesenewwordsjustnow.
23.Imafraidwecantgotohaveapicnictoday.It
is veryhardnow.
24.ThebasketbalteamofClassOne
theotherteamslastweek.
25.Althepassengersarewaitingtoboard.The
shipis soon.
Ⅱ.完形填空(2024乐山改编)
HaveyoueverheardofZhangXurecently?
Recently,avideo 26 popularonline.Inthe
video,amanatBeijingsSummerPalace(颐和园)
27 informationabouttheparksbuildingswith
visitors.Isthemanatourguide?Whatssospecial
abouthim?Wel,infact,heisacleaneratthe
SummerPalace.
“OnedayIsawafewvisitors.They 28
guidebooks,buttheystilcouldntfindtheright
way.SoI 29 themsomehelp,”saysZhang
Xu,thecleaner.“Inadditionto(除……以外)our
dailycleaningwork,wealsoprovidemoreservices
likeansweringquestionsandgivingdirections.”
ForZhangXu,theSummerPalaceisaspecial
place.Asachild,he 30 heretoplay.Whenhe
grewup,hebegantoworkhereandbecameapartof
it.ZhangstartedworkingattheSummerPalaceinlate
2021.“EverymorningwhenI 31 hereandbegin
mywork,IfeellikeIamoneofthestonesinthe
garden,”hesays.
ZhangisinterestedintheSummerPalace.
Andhewantstoknoweverythingaboutit.Inhis
freetime,Zhanglikesreadingbooksaboutitand
lookingfortheinformationonline.That 32 him
911
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
anexpertattheSummerPalace.Heoftenshares
informationaboutthebuildingswithvisitors.“Im
verygladtohelpmorepeopleenjoythebeautyof
theplaceandI 33 helpingpeoplelearnabout
theSummerPalace,”hesays.
(C)26.A.becomes B.became
C.hasbecome D.wilbecome
(A)27.A.shares B.shared
C.wilshare D.hasshared
(D)28.A.read B.haveread
C.wasreadingD.werereading
(B)29.A.ofers B.ofered
C.amofering D.wasofering
(A)30.A.came B.hascome
C.iscoming D.wilcome
(A)31.A.arive B.arives
C.havearivedD.hasarived
(C)32.A.made B.wilmake
C.makes D.ismaking
(D)33.A.continue
B.continued
C.wascontinuing
D.wilcontinue
Ⅲ.选词填空
decide want make be
say love watch ofer
JakePinnick,31,fromIlinoisofAmerica,
hasbeenworkingonlearningChinesemartialarts
(武术)onWudangMountainsfor14yearssince
2010.Heisnowacoachofamartialartscenter.
Jakehas34. interestedin
Chinesemartialartssincehewasakid.Heonce
35. avideoaboutpracticingmartial
artsbychance.Atthattime,he36.
tocometoChinatolearntraditionalChinese
martialarts.Henotonly37.
Chinesemartialartsbutalsohasadeeplovefor
traditionalChineseculture.
“IloveHubeisomuch.Themartialartsand
peoplehereare38. mefeellikethis
ismyhometown.Ipracticemartialartsandgoout
forfunwithmyfriends.Theyalways39.
helptomewhenIstayedhere,”Jakesaid.
Now,JakecannotonlyplayWudangkungfu,
butalsoplayaninstrument,usechopsticksand
speakChinese.Thoughtheyweredificultinthe
beginning,Jake40. ,“Wealface
dificultthingsinourlives,andwealcontinueto.
Theonlywaytofacethesethingsistobewel
preparedandmakeagoodplantofolow.”
Jakesayshe41. toopena
martialartscenterintheUS,somorepeoplecould
learnmoreaboutWudangkungfuandChinese
culture.
考点 4 动词的语态
(完形第一节:每年1道;短文填空:6年3考)
!"#$%&
021
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
中考解读:陕西近6年动词的语态在完形填空第一节中每年必考1道,在短文填空中考查动词
原形变过去分词。
考点讲解
被动语态的结构
被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分
词”构成,助动词 be有人称、时态和数的变化。
常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态构成如下:
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+
done
Theclassroomiscleaned
byuseveryday.
一般过去时
was/were+
done
Theclassroomwascleaned
byusyesterdayafternoon.
一般将来时
wil/shal/
begoingto+
be+done
Theclassroom wil be
cleaned by us this
afternoon.
含情态动词
情态动词+
be+done
Theclassroomshouldbe
cleaned by us this
afternoon.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
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主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词(如 hear,see,
watch,notice等)和使役动词(如 make,let等)
后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动
语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。如:
hear/seesb.dosth.→sb.beheard/seento
dosth.
makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.
主动形式表被动意义的情况
主动形式表被动的情况 例句
某些系动词,如 look,sound,
taste,smel,feel等,可用主动形
式表示被动意义
TheTshirtfeels
comfortable.
表示主语的特征、状态的动词,
如write,read,sel,clean,cook,
burn等,与 wel,easily,quickly
等副词连用时,常用主动形式表
示被动意义
Her new novel
selswel.
当open,close,shut,lock,move
等用作不及物动词且表示主语
的某种属性而不强调被执行的
动作时,通常用主动形式表示被
动意义,此类动词通常与 cant,
wont等连用
The door cant
open.
表 示 “发 生 (take place,
happen)”“传播(spread)”“爆发
(breakout)”等不及物动词(词
组),常用主动形式表示被动
Thenewsspread
quickly.
sth.beworthdoing结构中,doing
表示被动意义
Thisbookisworth
reading.
“need/require+doing”相当于
“need/require+tobedone”,其中
tobedone是不定式的被动结构
Your car needs
washing.=Your
carneedstobe
washed.
檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
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殏
不能使用被动语态的情况
1.不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态,常见的
有happen,takeplace,belongto等;
2.表示状态的动词没有被动语态,常见的有
have,own,fail,cost,fit,last(持续)等;
3.祈使句一般没有被动语态;
4.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动
语态;
5.当及物动词leave,enter,reach等的宾语是
表示地点和处所的名词时,不能用被动语
态。
121
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
考点测验
1.(2024陕西28题节选)Afterthedog ,it
wiluseitssuperpowerfulnosetohelpthe
oficerlookforcriminals,searchforstolen
thingsandsnif(嗅)outsomethingdangerous
andilegal.
A.trains B.trained
C.istrained D.wastrained
2.(2023陕西 30题节选)NowIknowyourfeelings
andI byyourbook.Imgoingtowrite
toyouinafewdaystotelyoumore.
A.amencouraged B.wilbeencouraged
C.encourage D.wilencourage
3.(2022陕西28题节选)Newneighborhoods(社区)
lastyearandtheyearbefore.
A.build B.arebuilt
C.built D.werebuilt
4.(2021陕西29题节选)Withthehelpofhisthree
friends, Bobonaro drove the robbers away
successfuly.Heandhisfriendsreturnedhome
withthevaluablethingsthat bythe
robbers.
A.stole B.werestolen
C.steal D.arestolen
5.(2020陕西28题节选)Inhiseighties,hewasstil
doingthesamejob.Thatwaswhyhe
bythefilmdirector.
A.invites B.invited
C.isinvited D.wasinvited
6.(2019陕西29题节选)“Thankstoyourhelp,my
mother wel.”“Yourewelcome.She
makesmeremembermymomwhodiedyears
ago.Ididwhatasonshoulddo,”saidJohn.
A.treats B.istreating
C.wastreated D.wilbetreated
take sel invent
7.(2024陕西 66题节选)Manypeopletodaydont
needtousestamps,envelopesorgotothepost
oficesincetheInternetwas .
8.(2020陕西 66题节选)InMay,hehadbadluck
becausehehurthimselfbyaccidentwhilehe
waspreparingforthisyearsTokyoWorld
Championships.Hewas tothe
hospital.
9.(2019陕西68题节选)Shetoldmethattherewas
onlyonesweetpotatoleftandshewouldntgo
homeuntilalthesweetpotatoeswere
out.
Ⅰ.短文填空基础题
find hold waste send feel
repair ask clean record create
10.(2024成都改编)Whatexcitingnews!The2025
WorldGameswilbe in
Chengdu.
11.(2024江西改编)Tedpreferedpopmusicwhen
hewas abouthisfavoritemusic
intheinterview.
12.Toomuchwateris everydayin
ourlives.Weshouldtakeactiontosavewater.
13.ThismomentofFanZhendonginParisOlympic
Gamesissovaluablethatitiswelworth
.
14.Ilikeshoppingonlinebecausewhenmyorder
isready,thethingsIwantwilbe
tomesoon.
15.—Badluck!Mywatchdoesntworkwelnow.
—Takeiteasy.Itjustneedstobe
.
16.Moremistakescanbe and
corectedifyougooverthepapercarefulyfor
asecondtime.
17.Samwasmadeto theclassroom
foraweekbecausehewaslateforschoolten
timesthismonth.
18.Itshardtobelievethatthemodelcarwas
bymybrotherlastyear.
19.Comeandsitdownbythefire.Yourhands
cold.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Alzheimers(阿尔茨海默病)patientsforget
manythingsintheirlives.Itseemsthatnocompany
221
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
wantstohirethesepatients.However,someof
themreceiveaninvitationtoworkinarestaurant.
Andtherestaurant 20 ForgetMeNotCafé.
Inthisrestaurant,sixofthewaitersand
waitresseshaveAlzheimersdisease.Everymorning
beforeworkstarts,they 21 abouthowtotake
ordersandservethedishes.Andsomevolunteers
markthenameofeachdishwithanumber.Inthis
way,theorderscan 22 moreeasily.
“Wearerespectedbythecustomersinthis
restaurant.Theyareveryniceandkindtous,”
saidoneofthem.“Ifeelhappyhere,andIm
realyproudofworkingasawaitress!”
(B)20.A.names B.isnamed
C.named D.wasnamed
(C)21.A.tel B.wiltel
C.aretold D.wilbetold
(D)22.A.remember
B.remembered
C.wilremember
D.beremembered
Ⅲ.选词填空
make rename know see cal
DoyouknowWuxi?WuxiCityinEastChinas
JiangsuProvinceis23. asthe
“Homeoftheerhu”,becauseitisthebirthplaceof
manyerhumasters.WalkingaroundWuxi,youcan
oftenhearthewonderfulsound oftheerhu.
Originaly,theerhuwas24. huqin,
amusicalinstrumentinnorthernChina.Itdates
morethanathousandyearsbacktotheTang
Dynasty(618~907).Inmoderntimes,withthe
developmentofChineseoperas,thehuqinwas
25. theerhuandlateritspreads
throughoutChina.
TheerhuplaysaleadroleinmanyChinese
folkorchestras(乐团),justastheviolindoesin
Westernorchestras.Theerhuandtheviolinalso
havesimilarparts.Theyareboth26.
up ofabody, a bridge, stringsand a
separatebow.
Theplayerusualyholdstheerhuontheleg,
holdingtheneckwithhislefthandandpressingthe
stringswithhisfingers,whiledrawingthebowwith
hisrighthand.Asthebowrunsagainstthestrings
andvibrates(使 振 动) them,beautifulmusic
leapsout.
Theerhuisseenasanorientalfolkinstrument.
Today,itcanbe27. playingonthe
samestagewithvariousWesterninstruments,such
asthepiano,theviolinandtheguitar,inmany
internationalconcerts.Thisnotonlyaddsnew
possibilitiesformusiccreation,butalsobrings
richerenjoymenttotheaudience(观众).Ifyoure
interested,youmightfindapieceoferhumusicand
listentoitaswel!
考点 5 非谓语动词
(完形第一节:每年1道;完成句子:2023.58,2019.58;短文填空:6年5考)
!"#$%&
321
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
中考解读:陕西近6年非谓语动词在完形填空第一节中每年必考1道,均为动词不定式;在完成
句子中考查动词不定式;在短文填空中考查动词不定式和动名词。
考点讲解
动词不定式(6年12考)
1.动词不定式的基本形式
肯定形式:to+动词原形(to有时可省略)
否定形式:notto+动词原形
2.动词不定式的句法功能
句法功能 用法 例句
作主语
常用 it作形式
主语,而将不定
式后置
Tokeeptheclassroom
cleanisimportant.=
Itisimportanttokeep
theclassroomclean.
作宾语
一般只作某些
动词的宾语
Iwanttokeep the
classroomclean.
作表语
常位于 be动词
之后
Mypurposeistokeep
theclassroomclean.
作宾语
补足语
位于宾语后,补
充说明宾语的
意义、状态等
Ourteacheradvisesus
tokeeptheclassroom
clean.
作状语
在句中作目的
状语
Icolectrubbishtokeep
theclassroomclean.
在句中作原因
状语
Iamhappytokeepthe
classroomclean.
在句中作结果
状语
Iam free enough to
cleantheclassroom.
作定语
常放在所修饰
词的后面作后
置定语
Iamnotfreenow.I
have many things
todo.
3.常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组(v.
+todosth.……做某事)
aford负担得起 agree同意
choose选择 decide决定
expect期待 forget忘记
续表
hope/wish希望 learn学习
manage设法 plan计划
prefer更喜欢 prepare准备
promise承诺 refuse拒绝
remember记得 try努力
wait等待 want/wouldlike想要
4.常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
(v.+sb.+todosth.……某人做某事)
advise建议 alow允许
ask要求 expect期望
force强迫 invite邀请
order命令 teach教
tel告诉 want想要
warn警告 wish希望
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一些使役动词和感官动词后接动词不定
式作宾语补足语时,应省略不定式结构中的to,
但在变为被动语态时,要还原to(let除外)。此
类动词常见的有:
一感觉:feel
二听:listento,hear
三看:see,watch,notice
三使:let,make,have
5.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
(1)疑问词与动词不定式连用可作主语、宾语
或表语。如:
Wheretogoforthecomingholidayhasnt
beendecided.(作主语)
Ihaventdecidedwheretogoforthe
comingholiday.(作宾语)
Myquestioniswheretogoforthecoming
holiday.(作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化
为宾语从句。如:
421
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
Canyoutelmehowtomakeaplanforthe
comingholiday?=CanyoutelmehowIcan
makeaplanforthecomingholiday?
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1.动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,
真正的主语———动词不定式则被后置。
如:Itisdificultformetolearnmathwel.
2.若动词不定式位于句首作主语,谓语动词
用第三人称单数。如:Tolearnmathwelis
dificultforme.
动名词(2021.66)
1.动名词的基本形式
肯定形式:动词原形+ing
否定形式:not+动词原形+ing
2.动名词的句法功能
句法功能 用法 例句
作主语
动名词(短语)
作主语,谓语动
词用单数
Teaching English is
interesting.
作宾语
作动词的宾语,
表示习惯性或
经常性动作
She likes teaching
English.
作介词的宾语
Sheisgoodatteaching
English.
作表语
作表语,动名词
(短语)可转换
为作主语
Her job is teaching
English in a middle
school. = Teaching
English in a middle
schoolisherjob.
作定语
位于所修饰词
之前,表明其用
途等
She wants to buy a
washingmachine.
3.常见的接动名词作宾语的动词/词组(v.+
doingsth.……做某事)
avoid避免 consider考虑
enjoy喜欢 finish完成
续表
imagine想象 keep坚持
mind介意 miss错过
practice练习 stop停止
advise/suggest建议 succeedin成功
lookforwardto期待 canthelp情不自禁
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1.若动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单
数。如:Doingmoreexerciseisgoodforyour
health.
2.主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,两者在形
式上应保持一致。如:Toseeistobelieve./
Seeingisbelieving.
3.有一些动词后面既可以接动名词,也可以
接动词不定式,但是意思有区别,常见
的有:
forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)
forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做){
rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)
remembertodosth.记得去做某事(未做){
regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做){
meandoingsth.意味着做某事
meantodosth.打算做某事{
stopdoingsth.停止做某事(正在做)
stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事{
trydoingsth.尝试做某事
trytodosth.设法/努力做某事{
4.若to为动词不定式符号,后接动词原形;若
to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。以下
短语中的to为介词:
be/get/becomeusedto习惯于
holdonto坚持;抓住
stickto坚持
leadto导致;引起;通向
turnto求助于
lookforwardto盼望;期待
lookupto敬仰;尊敬
payatentionto注意
521
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
分词
1.分词的基本形式
现在分词:动词原形+ing,表示动作正在发
生,有主动、进行之意;
过去分词:动词原形+ed,表示动作已经完成,
有被动、完成之意。
2.分词的句法功能
句法功能 用法 示例
作宾语
补足语
现在分词作宾语补足
语,被补充说明的宾语
是它的逻辑主语,与宾
语之间是逻辑上的主
谓关系(即主动关系)
I saw someone
closingthedoor.
过去分词作宾语补足
语,被补充说明的宾语
是它的逻辑宾语,与宾
语之间是逻辑上的动
宾关系(即被动关系)
Isaw the door
closed.
作定语
现在分词作定语,被
修饰的词是其逻辑主
语,单个现在分词作
定语时前置,现在分
词短语作定语时后置
asleepingman
Thegirlsitingby
mysideismylitle
sister.
过去分词作定语,被
修饰的词是其逻辑宾
语,单个过去分词作
定语时前置,过去分
词短语作定语时后置
Please hand in
your writen
exercises.
Thecarstolenlast
nightwasfound.
3.现在分词与过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去
分词表示被动意义。如:
Iheardagirlsingingthesonginthenextroom.
Iheardthesongsunginthenextroom.
(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动
作,过去分词表示已完成的动作。如:
developingcountry发展中国家
developedcountry发达国家
4.过去分词的常见搭配
(1)主 语 +have/getsth.done“使 ……
被……”。如:
Iwanttohave/getthesechairsfixed.
(2)Itbe+过去分词+that爥 句型:
Itissaidthat爥 据说……
Itisreportedthat爥 据报道……
Itishopedthat爥 人们希望……
Itiswelknownthat爥 众所周知……
Itissuggestedthat爥 有人提议……
Itisrequiredthat爥 人们要求……
考点测验
1.(2024陕西24题节选)Inthecountryside,people
keepdogs doorsoftheirhouses.
A.watch B.towatch
C.see D.tosee
2.(2023陕西 24题节选)WhenIfirstlostmy
hearing,IwassadthatIcouldneveragainhear
mymothersing.ButnowIputmyeartoher
chest thevibrations(震动)ofher
voice.
A.feel B.tofeel
C.hear D.tohear
3.(2022陕西23题节选)Sheloves people
thebeautifulanimalsthatlivethere.
A.show B.toshow
C.give D.togive
4.(2021陕西22题节选)Excitedly,shecaughtthe
orangeanddecided ithometoeat.
A.take B.totake
C.throw D.tothrow
5.(2020陕西27题节选)Jingbecameabarberwhen
hewasyoung.Helovedthejob,sohepracticed
hard abeterone.
A.be B.act
C.tobe D.toact
6.(2019陕西28题节选)Ittooktheoldwomansome
time eating.
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第二部分 语法知识精讲练
A.tofinish B.finish
C.finishes D.finished
7.(2023陕西58题)喝水对我们的身体有好处。
Itsgoodforusto .
8.(2019陕西58题)我五岁就会做家务了。
Iwasable attheageof
five.
live send swim go use
9.(2024陕西62题节选)Ifyouwantto
emails,youneedtocreateanemailaddressfor
yourself.
10.(2024陕西 65题节选改编)Manypeopletoday
dontneed to stamps,
envelopesorgotothepostoficesincethe
Internetwasinvented.
11.(2022陕西 62题节选)Henotonlyworkshard
buthashelpedmanydeafpeople
abeterlifeaswel.
12.(2021陕西 66题节选)Together,theytrytheir
besttodothehardtaskintheirlife—inthe
running, his father pushes him in his
wheelchair;inthe ,Rickliesin
asmalboatandhisfatherswimsandpuls
him;inthecycling,Ricksitsinaspecialseat
onthefrontofhisfathersbike.
13.(2020陕西70题节选)Irealywantto
.ButImnotsureifmylegwilbeready
forthegame.Idohopeitwilbebythen.
Ⅰ.完成句子
14.我认为每晚至少睡8个小时很有必要。
Ithinkitsverynecessary
atleast8hourseverynight.
15.对学生而言,按时完成作业是很重要的。
Itsimportantforstudents
ontime.
16.现在许多人通过制作短视频或他们自己的方
式来传播中国文化。
ManypeoplespreadChinesecultureby
ortheirownwaysnow.
17.谢谢你为我们提供了这次从事志愿者的
机会。
Thankyoufor this
volunteeropportunity.
18.政府正在为避免浪费食物而付出更多努力。
Thegovernmentismakingmoreefortstoavoid
.
19.学会在不同的场合如何表现得体是相当重
要的。
Itsquiteimportanttolearnhow
properlyindiferentsituations.
20.对我来说,这本小说读起来太难了,因为里面
有太多的生词。
Thenovelisveryhardforme
becausetherearetoomanynewwordsinit.
21.为了拯救大象,我们不能买象牙制品。
theelephants,wemustnt
buythingsmadeofivory.
Ⅱ.短文填空(2024湖北改编)
pick eat come protect change
report hold colect keep deal
Doyoubelievepickinguprubbishhasbecome
aworldcompetition?
InNovemberof2023, thefirstRubbish
ColectionWorld Cup washeld in Asia.Its
reportedthatteamsfrom21countriestookpartin
it.Accordingtotherules,eachteamwilhave60
minutesto22. rubbishasmuchas
possible.Britainfinalywonfirstprize.“Wehope
morepeoplearoundtheworldwilpayatentionto
23. withenvironmentalproblems,”
saidaBritishteammember.
WhenKen,thefounder(创始人)ofthe
competition,wasinterviewed,hetalkedabouthow
721
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
to24. upwiththeidea.Several
yearsago,hefoundmanyseaanimalsdiedafter
25. therubbishinthesea.Sohe
keptpickinguprubbishonhiswaytothebeach
everymorning.
“26. upapieceofrubbishmay
saveaturtles(海龟的)life.Itsalsoagoodwayto
27. thebeachclean.”Inhiseyes,
28. peoplesthoughtsaboutrubbish
wasmoreimportant.
“Picking up rubbish is meaningfuland
helpful,”addedKen.“Now,Iamgladtohearthat
lotsofpeoplepromiseto29. our
environment.”
考点 6 主谓一致
(完形第一节:2024.21,2021.30;短文填空:2022.61,2020.69)
考点讲解
主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致要遵循三个基本原
则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则(2024.21,2022.61)
语法一致原则指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;
主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词、可数名词单数、人称代词的单数形式
either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词
复合不定代词
动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句
oneof+可数名词复数/复数代词
apairof/akindof等后接可数名词复数
单数
Agirlissingingintheclassroom.
Everystudentisreadyfortheexam.
Nothingisimpossibleforawilingheart.
SpeakingEnglishwithLizhelpsmeimprove
myspokenEnglish.
Oneoftheboyshasabasketbal.
Apairofgoodshoesisnecessaryduringthe
trip.
可数名词复数、人称代词复数形式及第二人称单
数形式you
and或both爥 and爥 连接的名词及人称代词
复数
Twogirlsaresingingintheclassroom.
BothJennyandKatearemyfriends.
主语后面跟有 with,togetherwith,except,but,
like,aswelas,ratherthan,including等词
取决于
主语的数
Heaswelashisparentswantstogotothe
museumtospendtheirweekend.
分数/百分数+of+名词
alotof/lotsof/plentyof/therestof+名词
取决于
名词的数
80% ofthesebooksarepopularwith
students.
Lotsofwonderfulsportsgamesareheldin
ourschool.
821
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
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1.由and连接的两个名词指不同的人时,谓语动词用复数形式;指同一个人时,谓语动词用单数形
式。如:
JamesandTimhavedecidedtogoclimbingthisweekend.詹姆斯和蒂姆决定这个周末去爬山。
Thesingerandactorispopularamongteenagers.这位歌手兼演员很受青少年的欢迎。
2.由and连接的todo不定式或动名词强调不同的个体时,谓语动词用复数形式;强调整体概念时,谓
语动词用单数形式。如:
Lyingandstealingarenotright.撒谎和偷窃是不对的。
Toloveandtobelovedisimportanttome.爱与被爱对我来说很重要。
意义一致原则(2021.30)
意义一致原则指主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语意义上的单复数,而不是语法上的单复
数形式。有时主语是单数,但意义是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式;主语是复数,但意义是单数,谓语
动词应用单数形式。
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词,如 family,class,team,
group,public等
若作为一个整体看待,谓语
动词要用单数形式;若强调
其中的成员,谓语动词要用
复数形式
Myfamilyisahappyone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTVtogethernow.
集合名词,如people,police等 复数
Thepolicearetryingtheirbesttofindout
thetruthoftheaccident.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格
等的词或短语
单数
Twentyminutesisenoughformetofinish
thetask.
the+姓氏复数/the+姓氏+family,
表示“……一家;……夫妇”
the+形容词,表示一类人
复数
TheGreensaregladtoliveinXian.
Theyoungareusualygladtohelpothers.
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1.“this/thatkindof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“manykindsof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复
数。如:
Thiskindofcupsselswel.
Manykindsofcupsareshownhere.
2.一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers,pants,shorts,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复
数。如:
Theshortsaretoolongforme.Ineedashorterpair.
921
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
就近一致原则(2020.69)
就近一致原则指当句子有两个或两个以上主语时,谓语动词的形式与距其最近的主语保持
一致。
主语 谓语 例句
由either爥or爥,neither爥 nor爥,notonly爥
but(also)爥,not爥but爥或or连接的两个并
列主语
谓语动词与距其最近的主语
在人称和数上保持一致
NeitherJim norhisparentsare
comingtothisparty.
Therebe爥和Herebe爥 这两个句式中
be动词与距其最近的主语在
数上保持一致
There isa schooland several
restaurantsnearthepark.
考点测验
1.(2024陕西21题节选)Dogs mansbest
friends.
A.am B.is
C.are D.be
2.(2021陕西30题节选)Althepeopleinthetown
sohappytoseetheirthingsbackthat
theycheeredandcaledhimahero.
A.is B.was
C.are D.were
3.(2022陕西 61题节选改编)InOctober2021,a
localnewspapertoldastoryofacommonman,
JiaShuangdeng.He (be)from
ShaanxiProvince.
4.(2020陕西69题节选改编)Ilovegreenplantsand
flowers.There (be)manyinmy
yard.
用所给词的适当形式填空
5.(2024牡丹江改编)Havinggoodmanners
(be)necessarywhenyouvisitaforeign
country.
6.(2024绥化改编)Look!There (be)
someinformationabouttraficrulesinthisbook.
7.(2024鞍山改编)NotonlyTom butalsohis
brother (be)interestedinAI
technology.
8.Lindaprefersmusicianswho
(play)diferentkindsofmusic.
9.Thelitlegirl (kiss)hermom
beforeshegoestobed.
10.Thewriterandspeaker (be)
givingaspeechonChinesecultureinher
hometownnow.
11.Manythings (be)againstour
wil,butwemustfolowourdreams.
12.Plentyoffish (live)inthepond
nearourschool.
13.100yuan (be)enoughtobuy
severalbooksfromalocalbookstore.
14.Aquarterofthecountrysenergy
(come)fromrenewablesources.
15.Ihavereadtwoofyourarticles,butneitherof
them (be)goodenoughtogeta
highmark.
16.Thisbookisinteresting.Bothmyfatherandmy
sister (like)itverymuch.
031
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
专项提升 1 用动词的适当形式填空———针对短文填空
(每年4~5道)
中考解读:陕西近6年用动词的适当形式填空在短文填空主要考查六种形式:①填原形(6年8
考);②填单三形式(6年4考);③填过去式(6年4考);④填过去分词(6年6考);⑤填现在分词(2019.
61);⑥填名词(2023.63,2021.66)。
考点讲解
考向1填原形(6年8考)
1.在固定搭配或句型中;
2.位于情态动词后;
3.位于助动词do/does/did/wil后;
4.位于使役动词(let,make等)宾语后;
5.位于不定式符号to后;
6.句子时态为一般现在时,主语为非第三人称单
数;
7.用于祈使句中。
考向2填单三形式(6年4考)
1.不可数名词作主语;
2.“a/an/the+可数名词单数”作主语;
3.第三人称代词he,she,it作主语;
4.单个人名、地名作主语;
5.不定代词(every系列/some系列/any系列/no
系列)作主语;
6.this/that作主语;
7.非谓语动词(动词不定式/动名词)作主语。
考向3填过去式(6年4考)
1.句中有明显表示过去的时间状语;
2.过去式+and/or+过去式;
3.主从复合句中,若从句用一般过去时,主句通
常也用过去的某种时态;
4.上下文的时态为一般过去时。
考向4填过去分词(6年6考)
1.用于现在/过去完成时(have/has/had+done)
结构中;
2.用于各种时态的被动语态(am/is/are/was/
were/wilbe/情态动词+be+done)结构中;
3.用在某些动词后作宾补。
考向5填现在分词(2019.61)
1.用于现在/过去进行时(am/is/are/was/were+
doing)结构中;
2.用在while引导的时间状语从句中。
注:动词的基本形式见P110
考向6填名词(2023.63,2021.66)
1.所填词的前面有名词所有格/形容词性物主代
词/指示代词/不定代词/限定词/冠词/数词/
形容词作定语修饰;
2.位于动词或介词后作宾语;
3.位于系动词后作表语表示人或物;
4.位于句首作主语。
动词变名词的规则如下:
变化规律 示例
直接+er或
+or(表示
相应动作
的人或职
业)
act→actor colect→colector
direct→director help→helper
invent→inventorlisten→listener
lead→leader play→player
paint→painter report→reporter
sing→singer visit→visitor
work→worker
特殊记:begin→beginner
run→runner win→winner
以不发音
的字母e结
尾,结尾+r
dance→dancer drive→driver
manage→manager
write→writer
v.+ment
achieve→achievement
agree→agreement
develop→development(2023.63)
improve→improvement
move→movement
131
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
续表
变化规律 示例
v.+ing
build→building feel→feeling
meet→meeting
特殊记:swim→swimming(2021.66)
ski→sking hike→hiking
skate→skating
v.+ion
act→action direct→direction
discuss→discussion
express→expression
suggest→suggestion
先去 e再
加ion
celebrate→celebration
communicate→communication
congratulate→congratulation
educate→education
polute→polution
v.+ation
或去e
加ation
expect→expectation
examine→examination
invite→invitation
prepare→preparation
v.+tion或
去e加tion
invent→invention
connect→connection
introduce→introduction
produce→production
其他
compete→competition
describe→description
pronounce→pronunciation
decide→decision
更多初中常见动词变名词见《教材知识记背
册》P86
考点测验
seem develop stop meet win have ofer
1.(2023陕西63题节选)Indaysofhighspeedtrain
researchand ,scientistswere
oncefacedwithanoiseproblem.
2.(2023陕西 69题节选)Scientistsstudythesmart
modelsthatnaturecan .
3.(2022陕西 66题节选)He many
dificultiesbuthefacedthembravelyandkept
onworkinghard.
4.(2021陕西 64题节选)HowcanRickmakeitas
hecantswim,bikeorrunandsitsina
wheelchair?It tobean
impossibledreamforhimtorealize.
5.(2021陕西 69题节选)Nowthefatherandson
have therespect(尊敬)ofmany
people.
6.(2020陕西 63题节选)Rick won
fivegoldmedals(奖牌)inthelastfewyears.
7.(2019陕西62题节选)Atthelastcrossing,while
Iwaswaitingforthegreenlight,Isawanold
manwalkingtowardme.He me
andIfeltalitlenervous.
Passage1
create look have feel teach
lead show find ask remember
InancientChinesestories,Cangjiecreated
characters.Cangjiewassmart,sothe8.
Huangdigavehimthejobofrecordingthings.
However,Cangjie9. thatthejob
becamemoredificultasthenumberofthethingsto
recordgrew.Hewantedtofindoutawaytosolve
theproblem.
Oneday,Cangjiewenthuntingwithseveral
otherpeople.Henoticedthehunterschosetheir
wayby10. atthediferent
footprints(脚印)ofanimals.Afterseeingthis,
Cangjiethoughtiftherewerediferentsignsfor
diferentthings,hecould11. al
theimportantthingseasily.Throughhardwork,the
signsforwritingwere 12. by
Cangjie.HuangdiwashappywithCangjieswork
and13. himtoteachthesignsto
others.TheyalthankedCangjie.Overtimehegot
proud.
Cangjiewas14. aclassone
231
第二部分 语法知识精讲练
day.Anoldmankeptlisteningtohimcarefuly.
Aftertheclass,theoldmanaskedCangjie,“The
signsyoucreatedforthehorseandthedog
15. theyhavefourlegs.Acowalso
16. fourlegs.Butwhydoesntthe
signforthecowshowthat?”
Cangjiefoundhemixedthetwosignsupwhen
teaching.He17. verysoryfor
that.Fromthenon,Cangjiewasmorecarefulabout
hiswork.
Passage2
take hold try bring know find
graduate read make decide
TheChengniinkstone(砚)isoneofthe“four
famousinkstones”inourcountry.Withahistoryof
over1,000years,theskilof18. it
hadoncebeenlostforhundredsofyears.Andit
waslater19. backtolifebyLin
XiaolinsgrandfatherLin Yongmao and father
LinTao.
In1986,LinYongmaoworkedatamuseum.
He20. manybooksaboutthe
Chengniinkstonethereand21. to
makeit.Althoughhelearnedfromthehistorical
papers,thiswasnotaeasytask.Ittookhimand
hissontwoyearsto22. suitable
mud(泥浆)materials.Aftermanyfailures,they
finalysucceededinmakingtwoChengniinkstones
in1991.It23. nearlyayearand
dozensofstepstomakeaChengniinkstone.
LinXiaolin,astheinheritor(继承人)ofthe
skilofmakingChengniinkstones,has24.
Chengniinkstonessincehischildhood.In
2011, he went abroad to study modern
technologies. “Passing down the skil
25. thekeytokeepingitalive,”
LinXiaolinsaid.HereturnedtoChinaafterhe
26. fromcolegein2019.Hehoped
tomakemuchmoreChengniinkstonesbyusing
moderntechnologiesandtraditionaldesigns.And
hehasgotmuchsuccess.
LinXiaolinis27. hardto
bringmoreenergytotheChengniinkstoneand
makeitasymbolofChineseculture.
专项提升 2 动词短语填空———针对完成句子
(6年8考)
中考解读:陕西近6年动词短语填空在完成句子中主要考查四种形式:①动词+名词(2024.59、
60);②动词+介词/副词(2022.58,2021.59);③副词+动词/动词+副词(6年 3考);④动词+形容词
(2024.57)。
解题技巧:针对动词短语填空类试题,学生首先需要根据汉语提示判断出应该用哪个动词短语,
然后通过分析句子结构和时态,填出该动词短语的正确形式。
考点讲解
考向1动词+名词(2024.59、60)
takethebus乘坐公交车(2024.59)
findtheplace找到地方(2024.60)
savewater节约水
plantvegetables/growvegetables种菜
makeamistake/makemistakes出错;犯错
考向2动词+介词/副词(2022.58,2021.59)
giveup放弃(2022.58)
eatup吃完(2021.59)
waitfor等待
cheerup使振作起来
lookafter/carefor照顾
setup建立;创建
hearfrom收到……的来信
ariveat/getto到达
考向3副词+动词/动词+副词(6年3考)
warmlywelcomed热烈欢迎(2023.60)
deeply/greatlyremember/miss深切怀念(2021.
60)
drivecarefuly小心开车(2020.58)
runfast快速跑
eathealthily吃得健康
331
众相原创 赋能中考 陕西英语(RJ)
livehappily快乐生活
movequickly快速移动
考向4动词+形容词(2024.57)
feelscared感到害怕(2024.57)
looktired看起来疲惫
getangry生气
soundinteresting听起来有趣
tasteterible味道很差
考点测验
1.(2024陕西57题)如果你有一张地图,迷路时就
不会感到害怕。
Ifyouhaveamap,youwont
whenyougetlost.
2.(2024陕西59题)如果你想乘坐公交车,地图小
程序能告诉你选择哪一路车。
Ifyouwantto ,mapapps
cantelyouwhichonetochoose.
3.(2024陕西60题)有了地图的帮助,你就能轻易
地找到你要去的地方。
Withthehelpofmaps,youcan
thatyouwanttogoto.
4.(2023陕西60题)中国人民热烈欢迎来参加中
国—中亚峰会的客人。
Chinesepeople theguests
toChinaCentralAsiaSummit.
5.当你遇到麻烦时,一个逃离你的朋友不是真正
的朋友。
Whenyouareintrouble,afriendwho
fromyouisnotatrueone.
6.为了过上绿色生活,我们应该记得离开房间时
关掉灯。
Toliveagreenlife,weshouldrememberto
thelightswhenweleavea
room.
7.我们最好不要过于依赖父母。
Wedbeternot ourparents
toomuch.
8.去年,我们学校开辟了一个菜园,供学生种植
蔬菜。
Lastyear,agardenwasstartedforstudentsto
inourschool.
9.为了节省时间,他决定坐地铁上班。
Inorderto ,hedecidedto
gotoworkbysubway.
10.音乐听起来太吵了。请调低音量。
Themusic .Pleaseturnit
down.
11.如果你走进一间带有蓝色墙的房间,你会感
到很放松。
Youwil ifyouwalkintoa
roomwithbluewals.
12.由于政府的努力,我们的城市正在快速地
发展。
Thankstotheefortsofourgovernment,our
cityis .
13.为了吃得健康,她亲自做饭,而不去选择一些
快餐。
To ,shemakesfoodby
herselfinsteadofchoosingsomefastfood.
14.看那些乌云。马上就要下雨了。
thedarkclouds.Itis
goingtorainsoon.
15.我们在假期有时在公园野餐。
Wesometimes inthepark
duringholidays.
16.多酷的飞机模型啊!但它是由用过的木头和
玻璃做的。
Howcoolthemodelplaneis!Butitis
usedwoodandglass.
17.花很好看。让我拍一些照片给我妈妈看看。
Theflowersarebeautiful.Letme
andshowthemtomymom.
18.在大城市里没有地图很容易迷路。
Itseasyto inabigcity
withoutamap.
19.思维导图在我们的英语课上被广泛使用。
Mindmapsare inour
Englishclass.
20.地上到处都是垃圾。让我们把它捡起来吧。
Thereislitereverywhere.Lets
.
431
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