第04讲 情态动词-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（北京专用）

第四讲、情态动词 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 4 考点一 情态动词的分类（辨析） 4 考点二 情态动词的特点 5 考点三 情态动词用法 7 （一）can/could的用法 7 （二）may的用法 8 （三）must musn’t have to的用法 8 （四）shall should的用法 8 （五）need的用法 8 （六）had better的用法 8 （七）used to的用法 8 分层训练·巩固提升 13 基础巩固 10 能力提升 11 情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目，也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战2025年中考时，考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。 课标要求：1.掌握情态动词的语法特征； 2.知道情态动词的分类; 3.掌握情态动词基本语境情态色彩。 考查方向和形式 主要考查情态动词辨析，考查角度以语境辨析为主。考查形式主要以单项选择、完型填空、短文填空及语法填空为主。 一、情态动词的分类及特点 情态动词表示说话人的语气和观点.情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它后面接动词原形.情态动词只有情态意义,即它表示说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词主要有:can(could),may(might),must, ought to, need, dare (dared), have to(had to).此夕卜shall, will, should, would在一定场合下也可用作情态动词. 情态动词的分类： (1)只作情态动词:must;can/could;may/might;ought to ⑵既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare (3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词:shall/should;will/would ⑷具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to;had better 情态动词的特点 (1 )情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)； (2)情态动词后接动词原形； (3)情态动词的否定式是在其后加not; have to除外 (4)具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语； (5) 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用 法 例 句 can和could (1) 表示能力，意为“能；会”，could用作can的过去式 She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike. 她会开车，但不会骑自行车。 She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last year. 去年她刚来我们学校时还不会说中文。 (2) 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，两者皆可用，此时的could并不表示过去，只是语气比can更委婉 You can go there now. 你可以现在去那儿。 — Can/Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ — Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。（允许对方时，不可用could应答） (3) 表示客观可能性或推测，意为“可能”，can常用于否定句和疑问句中；could并不表示过去，只是表示可能性小，多用于肯定句和否定句中 The girl in the classroom can’t be Mary. She has gone to the library. 教室里的女孩不可能是玛丽，她去图书馆了。 He could be in London. 他可能在伦敦。 must和 have to (1) must表示“必须”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止；不准；不允许” I must finish the work today. 我必须今天完成工作。 Cars mustn’t be parked here. 此处禁止停车。 (2) must表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定；准是”，只用于肯定句。在否定句和疑问句中用can’t，表示“不可能” He must be at home. The light is on. 他一定在家，灯亮着呢。 He can’t be at home. He is on business. 他不可能在家，他出差了。 (3) have to意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观实际的需要，有人称和时态的变化；must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要，无人称和时态的变化 If he misses the last bus, he will have to walk home. 如果他错过末班车，他将不得不走回家。（表示客观实际） You must stop smoking. 你必须戒烟。（表示主观意愿） (4) 否定式don’t have to表示“不必”，mustn’t表示“禁止；不准” — Must I finish all the work today? 我必须今天完成全部工作吗？ — Yes, you must. / No, you don’t have to. / No, you needn’t. 是的，必须。/ 不，不必。 You mustn’t stop your car here. 此处禁止停车。 need (1) need作情态动词，意为“需要”，后接动词原形，没有人称、数和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句中。否定式needn’t，意为“不必” It’s Sunday today. You needn’t get up so early. 今天星期天，你不必起得这么早。 Need I post your books to you? 需要我把书寄给你吗？ (2) need作实义动词，意为“需要；有必要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等 Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？ She didn’t need to go to school yesterday. 她昨天不需要去上学。 should和 ought to (1) 表示义务、责任、建议、劝告，意为“应该；应当” Young people should respect old people. 晚辈应该尊重长辈。 You ought to talk with your father about it. 你应该和你的父亲谈谈这件事。 (2) 表示推测，意为“应该；估计” They should be home by now, I think. 我想他们现在总该到家了吧。 It ought to be Tom. 应该是汤姆。 had better 意为“最好”“应该”，后接动词原形，had通常缩略为’d。否定式为had better not You’d better get some sleep. 你最好去睡一会儿。 You’d better not go there by yourself. 你最好不要一个人去那里。 used to 意为“过去经常”，后接动词原形 He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。 Did you use to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗？ They didn’t use to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。 【基础巩固】 1. (2024·北京）— Bill, ________ I use your ruler? — Of course you can. Here you are. A. can B. must C. need D. should 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——Bill，我可以用你的尺子吗？——当然可以。给你。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据答语中的“Of course you can.”可知，此处表示“请求使用对方的东西”，can表“请求允许”，符合句意。故选A。 2. (2024·天津）It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A. may not B. mustn’t C. need D. should 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法。还有其他选择。 考查情态动词。may not可能不；mustn’t表禁止；need需要；should应该。根据“There are other choices.”可知，还有其他解决问题的方式，故此处指这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法，应用may not。故选A。 3. (2024·云南）—Whose dictionary is this? —It ________ be Sarah’s. Look! Her name is on it. A. must   B. need C. mustn’t   D. needn’t 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这是谁的字典？——它一定是Sarah的。看！她的名字在它上面。 考查情态动词辨析。must一定；need需要；mustn’t 禁止；needn’t不必。根据“Look! Her name is on it.”可知，此处表示十分肯定的推测，应填must，故选A。 4. (2024·江苏连云港）Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems _________ be cured. A. can B. must C. should D. need 【答案】A 【解析】句意：现代医学发展迅速，现在大多数眼部问题都可以治愈。 考查情态动词。can能够；must必须；should应该；need需要。根据“most eye problems…be cured”可知，此处指眼部问题能够被治愈，强调能够、能力，应用can。故选A。 5. (2024·江苏镇江）With the help of modern technology, now people ________ enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space. A. may B. can C. should D. must 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在现代科技的帮助下，现在人们可以享受中国第一位宇航员杨利伟进入太空的最自豪的时刻。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能；can能够，可以；should应该；must必须。根据“With the help of modern technology, now people … enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space.”可知，人们可以享受中国第一位宇航员杨利伟进入太空的最自豪的时刻，故选B。 6. (2024·北京顺义·二模）—Mum, ________ I clean my bedroom at once? —No, you needn’t. You can do it after you finish your homework. A. must B. need C. can D. should 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我必须马上打扫卧室吗？——不，你不必。你可以在完成家庭作业后再做。 考查情态动词。must必须；need需要；can可以；should应该。根据“No, you needn’t”可知此处询问是不是必须马上打扫卧室。故选A。 7. (2024·北京石景山·二模）John is good at languages. He _______ speak Chinese, English and French. A. could B. can C. would D. must 【答案】B 【解析】句意：约翰擅长语言。他会说中文、英语和法语。 考查情态动词。could能；can可以；would将；must必须。根据“John is good at languages. He...speak Chinese, English and French.”可知，句子为一般现在时，此处指的是“他能说”，应用can，故选B。 8. (2024·北京海淀·二模）—Excuse me, ________ you please tell me where the nearest bus stop is? —Sure. Turn right at the first crossing. It’s on your right. A. must B. could C. should D. need 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——对不起，你能告诉我最近的公交车站在哪里吗？——当然。第一个路口右转。车站就在你的右手边。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；could能；should应该；need需要。根据“Excuse me,...you please tell me where the nearest bus stop is?”可知，这是在问路，应用could表示委婉的请求。故选B。 9. (2024·北京平谷·二模）—________ you give me some suggestions on learning Chinese, Lin Tao? —Of course, I can. A. Need B. Can C. May D. Must 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——林涛，你能给我一些学习汉语的建议吗？——当然，我可以。 考查情态动词。Need需要；Can能够；May可以；Must必须。根据“Of course, I can.”可知，此处表示请求允许，应用can，故选B。 10. (2024·北京丰台·二模）—________ you pass the book to me? —No problem. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你能把书递给我吗？——没问题。 考查情态动词辨析。Could能够，表示委婉语气；Should应该；Must必须；Need需要。结合对话情景可知，此处是请求对方是否能把书递过来，对方欣然同意，所以这里用情态动词could，表示比较委婉客气地提出问题。故选A。 11.（2023·江苏无锡 ） Oh, come on! ________ you doubt everything I say? I’m not a three-year-old! A. Can’t B. Can C. Mustn’t D. Must 【答案】D 【解析】句意：哦，别这样！你非得要怀疑我所说的一切吗？我不是三岁小孩！ 考查情态动词的用法。Can’t不能；Can能；Mustn’t禁止；Must偏要，非得。根据“...you doubt everything I say? I’m not a three-year-old!”可知，此处是抱怨的语气，“你非得要怀疑我所说的一切吗”，用must表示“偏要、非得”。故选D。 12.（2023· 天津）—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow? —Sorry, I’m afraid I ________. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你明天想参观天津大学吗？——对不起，我恐怕不能。我要在我的社区做志愿者。 考查情态动词。can能够；can’t不能；must必须；mustn’t禁止。根据“I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.”可知不能去参观天津大学。故选B。 13. —Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now? —Sorry, I _________. My watch doesn’t work. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：——打扰了，你能告诉我现在是几点吗？——对不起，我不能。我的表不工作了。根据句意及题干分析可知，can构成的一般疑问句的回答应用can，此句的回答是否定形式，故选A。 14. —It’s quite bright here. Let’s just keep the window open. —Yes. We________ leave the light on. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. will D. wouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：——这儿很亮，我们就把窗子开着吧。 ——是的，我们不应该开着灯。 考查情态动词。couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；will将、会；wouldn’t将不会。根据“It’s quite bright here. Let’s just keep the window open.”可知，这很亮，所以不应该开着灯，表建议。故选B。 15. —What do you think we common people ________ do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout? —I think we ________ do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit. A. must; can’t B. may; mustn’t C. need; shouldn’t. D. can; needn’t 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——在新冠肺炎疫情期间，您认为我们老百姓能为祖国做些什么？——我认为我们不需要做任何事情，除了待在家里和做一些锻炼来保持健康。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can’t不能够；may可能；mustn’t禁止；need必须；shouldn’t不应该；can能够；needn’t不必。根据“What do you think we common people … do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout”可知，此处询问能做些什么；根据“I think we … do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit”可知，不需要其他的事情，只能待在家里和做锻炼，故选D。 16.— _______ we clean the classroom at once? — No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school. A. Must; needn’t; may B. Must; mustn’t; can C. Shall; can’t; must D. Need; mustn’t; may 【答案】A 【解析】情态动词的用法。根据前后句意可推断对方在询问“我必须马上打扫教室吗？”。而must引导的一般疑问句否定回答用needn’t。故选A。 17. Mike, you play with fire. You burn yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. have got to; shouldn’t C. don’t have to; must D. mustn’t; might 【答案】D 【解析】句意：迈克，你不能玩火。你可能会烧伤自己。 本题考查情态动词。A.不会不能；B.必须，不应该；C.不必，必须；D.禁止；可能。第一空，根据句意可知，此空是禁止的意思，此空故填 mustn’t，第二空，是表示猜测，应填might，故选D。 18.-Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. -I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——有些人在一开始并没有展示他们的才能。——我同意。爱因斯坦甚至直到七岁才识字。考查情态动词辨析。can’t 不能，表示没有能力，couldn’t是其过去式；mustn’t不能，表禁止；needn’t不需要，指没有必要。根据Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.可知七岁前几乎没有能力读书，根据until he was seven可知用一般过去时，故选C。 19.The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight.. A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 【答案】D 【解析】句意：设计者已经尝试了所有可能的方法使机器变轻，所以你不必担心它的重量。must必须；一定；may可以；可能；can’t不能；不可能；needn’t不必，没有必要。根据句意The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light可知，设计者在努力使机器变轻，所以担心是没有必要的。故应选D。 20.-It’s too hot._ ______ I swim in the lake? -No, you____. That’s too dangerous! A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。should表示“应该，应当”；must表示“必须”；need意为“需要”；mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”；needn’t意为“不需要”，一般用来回答以must开头的一般疑问句；could表示“能，可以”，语气更委婉；can’t表示“不能”。由句意“——太热了，我能在湖里游泳吗？——不，你不能。那太危险了！”可知，第一空用could向对方提出请求；第二空表示拒绝，故选D 21.（2023·湖北鄂州）—_________ I take photos here? —Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum. A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我可以在这里拍照吗？——对不起，你不能。博物馆不允许拍照。 考查动词辨析。Must必须；Need需要；Can可以；Will将会。根据答语“Sorry, you can’t”可知，用can提问，用can/can’t回答。故选C。 22. (2023·湖北黄石）Young Chinese people ________ keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground. A. should B. can C. may D. need 【答案】A 【解析】句意：中国青年要胸怀祖国，志存高远，脚踏实地。 考查情态动词。should应该；can能够；may可以；need需要。根据“Young Chinese people ....keep the motherland at heart...”可知，此处是建议中国青年应该做什么，故选A。 23. (2023·湖北荆州）—You _______ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly. —That’s very kind of you. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你不必坐地铁去机场，因为我可以直接开车送你去。——你真是太好了。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly.”可知开车送他去机场，所以不必坐地铁。故选B。 24.（2023·襄樊）. —Does the sports watch belong to Mary? —It ________ be hers. She is the only one who wears the sports watch in our class. A. can’t B. must C. might D. could 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这块运动手表是玛丽的吗？——一定是她的。她是我们班唯一戴运动表的人。 考查情态动词。can’t不可能；must一定；might可能；could能够。根据“She is the only one who wears the sports watch in our class.”可知玛丽是班里唯一戴运动表的人，所以这块运动手表一定是玛丽的，表达有把握的肯定推测用must。故选B。 25.（2023·江苏连云港 ）Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ________ learn to protect ourselves. A. might B. should C. could D. would 【答案】B 【解析】句意：地震可能非常危险。我们应该学会保护自己。 考查情态动词。might可能；should应该；could能；would将。根据“We...learn to protect ourselves.”可知此处是表示建议，我们应该学会保护自己，故选B。 二、 用适当的情态动词填空 1. —What __________ I do for you? —I want some bananas. 2. Tom __________ ride a bike, but he can’t drive a car. 3. You are ill, Tom. You __________ see a doctor. 4. Children __________ play basketball in the street. 5. If you are not careful, a car __________ hit you. 6. —__________ I come in? —Yes, you may. Come in, please. 7. A blind man __________ see anything. 8.Nobody_________live without air and water. 9.The book__________ be returned before Saturday. 10.You_________give up smoking at once. It's bad for your health. 11.The train will leave at half past six, so I__________ get there fifteen minutes earlier. 12.You don't________ worry about her. She is much better now. 【答案】1.can 2.can 3.must 4.mustn’t 5.may 6.May/can 7.can’t 8.can’t 9.must 10.must 11.must 12.have to 三、翻译下列句子。 1. 我会讲日语。 【答案】I can speak Japanese 2. 你会弹钢琴吗？ 【答案】Can you play the piano? 3. 我们可以进来吗？是的，你们可以进来。/不，你们不可以进来。 【答案】Can / May we come in? Yes, you may. /No. You can’t. 4. 他不会下象棋。 【答案】He can’t play chess. 5. 小汽车不能在此左转弯。 【答案】Cars can’t / mustn’t turn left here. 6. 我们现在得上学去了。 【答案】We must go to school now. 7. 我必须要7点前先完成作业吗？ 不，没必要。 【答案】Must I finish the homework first before 7? No，you needn’t 8. 我可以借几本书？ 【答案】How many books can / may I borrow? 9. 你必须在一个月内还书。 【答案】You must return the books in a month. 10. 参观者不能在博物馆里吸烟 【答案】Visitors can’t / mustn’t smoke in the museum. 【能力提升】 A（2023·广东） When Peter was six, he started receiving pocket money from his mother. When he turned seven, he 1 £7 a week. Now at the age of fifteen, he 2 £15 every week. He has the raise in pocket money because he spends money wisely. 3 a shopping mall near Peter’s home. At weekends, he watches 4 movies with his friends, or takes his little brother to the play center there. He buys his grandparents small presents when he visits them. Sometimes, he takes one 5 bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores 6 great books and donates them to children in need. His mother is satisfied with 7 he spends his money. She thinks it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit 8 help Peter manage money well,” she says. Peter’s mother even suggests giving pocket money to children as 9 as when they are four. “To learn how to deal with money is 10 useful life skill. Giving children pocket money in their early years teaches them the importance of budgeting.” 1. A. gets B. got C. will get 2. A. gives B. is given C. is giving 3. A. There is B. It is C. They are 4. A. excite B. excitement C. exciting 5. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s 6. A. buy B. to buy C. bought 7. A. how B. which C. whether 8. A. need B. must C. can 9. A. early B. earlier C. earliest 10. A. a B. an C. the 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. A 【解析】本文主要介绍彼得的理财习惯和用途。 1. 句意：2岁时，他每周挣2英镑。 gets一般现在时；got一般过去时；will get一般将来时。根据“When he turned seven”可知，是一般过去时，故选B。 2. 句意：现在他15岁了，每周得到15英镑。 gives一般现在时；is given一般现在时的被动语态；is giving现在进行时。根据“Now at the age of fifteen, he...£15 every week.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 3. 句意：彼得家附近有一家购物中心。 There is有，It is它是；They are他们是。根据“...a shopping mall near Peter’s home.”可知，附近有一家购物中心。故选A。 4. 句意：在周末，他和他的朋友们一起看激动人心的电影，或者带他的小弟弟去那里的游戏中心。 excite动词；excitement名词；exciting形容词。此处作定语修饰movies，用形容词形式，故选C。 5. 句意：有时，他乘一个小时的公共汽车去另一个城镇的博物馆和动物园。 hour名词单数；hours名词复数；hour’s名词单数的所有格。此处作定语修饰“bus ride”，且空前有“one”，所以用名词单数的所有格形式，故选C。 6. 句意：当他存了足够的钱，彼得去书店买好书，并把它们捐给有需要的孩子。 buy动词原形；to buy动词不定式；bought动词过去式。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式，故选B。 7. 句意：他母亲对他花钱的方式很满意。 how如何；which哪一个；whether是否。根据“His mother is satisfied with...he spends his money.”可知，母亲对他花钱的方式很满意。故选A。 8. 句意：这个习惯可以帮助彼得更好地理财。 need需要；must必须；can可以。根据“This habit...help Peter manage money well”可知，这个习惯可以帮助彼得更好地理财。故选C。 9. 句意：彼得的母亲甚至建议早在孩子四岁时就给他们零花钱。 early原级；earlier比较级，earliest最高级。as...as中间用原级，故选A。 10. 句意：学习如何处理金钱是一项有用的生活技能。 a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指。此处泛指一项生活技能，“useful”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 （24·江苏扬州）B Before Anne Frank went into hiding with her family, she was a carefree girl like any other. Anne Frank ran down the stairs as fast as she could. She was supposed to do her 16 , but it was so boring. Margot, her perfect sister, might be happy reading books all day, but Anne wasn’t. Other children were already out on the sunny Amsterdam streets. Some were rolling hoops, others doing handstands against the wall. Anne was 17 at handstands, but knew another way to get everyone’s attention. “ 18 this!” she cried, lifting her arm high in the air. Anne waited until everyone was looking at her, then she swung her arm around fast. All the boys 19 and cheered. Hearing the 20 of laughter, Anne’s mother, Edith, looked out the window. “I bet that girl hasn’t done her homework,” she thought. It was always hard with Anne. 21 , she was glad Anne had got used to Amsterdam life so easily. Anne was only seven. That night, Anne’s father, Otto, put Anne to bed as usual. “Tell me a story about Good Paula and Naughty (淘气的) Paula, Daddy!” Anne said, “ 22 I have one about Naughty Paula? She’s more fun.” “Margot 23 Good Paula,” Otto said. “Well she would,” Anne replied, angrily. It was 24 having Margot as an older sister. Otto 25 what she was thinking. “You could be good, too, Anne.” “I’ll try, Daddy, I promise,” Anne said. “ 26 to make you happy!” The next day, when Anne got back from school, Edith was preparing supper. “We have 27 tonight,” she said. “Who’s coming?” Anne asked eagerly. “Miep, from Daddy’s work and her friend Jan.” “Hooray!” Anne cried. 28 the doorbell rang, Anne rushed to let them in. The next moment, she was throwing them 29 . “How are you Miep? What’s it like working for Daddy? Hello Jan!” Then Anne stopped and looked at them 30 , her brown eyes shining with interest. “Ooh! Are you Miep’s boyfriend?” she asked. Edith cut in, “Quiet, Anne!” “Time for supper,” added Otto, gently. 16. A. cooking B. shopping C. homework D. sports 17. A. endless B. fearless C. meaningless D. hopeless 18. A. Watch B. Find C. Confirm D. Search 19. A. jumped B. whispered C. laughed D. rushed 20. A. order B. sound C. call D. voice 21. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Anyway D. So 22. A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Should 23. A. wounds B. hates C. surprises D. prefers 24. A. hard B. different C. dangerous D. impossible 25. A. doubted B. guessed C. believed D. proved 26. A. Nothing B. No one C. Anything D. Anyone 27. A. citizens B. hosts C. customers D. guests 28. A. Whenever B. Before C. While D. As soon as 29. A. questions B. dishes C. instructions D. suggestions 30. A. all B. both C. either D. any 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 【解析 】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了主人公安妮儿时在阿姆斯特丹生活时的趣事。 16. 句意：她本应该做家庭作业，但这太无聊了。 cooking烹饪；shopping购物；homework家庭作业；sports体育运动。根据“but it was so boring”及“I bet that girl hasn’t done her homework”可知，安妮应该做作业，但是她认为这很无聊。故选C。 17. 句意：安妮不擅长倒立，但她知道另一种吸引大家注意的方法。 endless无止境的；fearless无畏的；meaningless无意义的；hopeless绝望的。根据“but knew another way to get everyone’s attention.”可知，安妮因为不擅长倒立，所以想到另一个可以吸引孩子们注意力的方法。be hopeless at“在……方面没有希望”。故选D。 18. 句意：看这个！Watch看；Find发现；Confirm确认；Search搜寻。根据“she cried, lifting her arm high in the air.”可知，安妮希望其他孩子看自己。故选A。 19. 句意：所有的男孩都笑了起来，欢呼起来。 jumped跳；whispered低语；laughed笑；rushed冲向。根据下文“Hearing the…of laughter”可知，孩子们看到安妮的举动笑了起来。故选C。 20. 句意：听到笑声，安妮的母亲伊迪丝向窗外望去。 order秩序；sound声音；call召唤；voice嗓音。根据“All the boys…and cheered.”可知，安妮的母亲听到了孩子们的笑声，应用sound。故选B。 21. 句意：不管怎样，她很高兴安妮很容易就适应了阿姆斯特丹的生活。 Moreover而且；Otherwise否则；Anyway无论如何；So因此。根据“It was always hard with Anne. …, she was glad Anne had got used to Amsterdam life so easily”可知，做作业对安妮来说很困难，但是不管怎样，安妮的母亲还是很高兴女儿适应了在阿姆斯特丹的生活。故选C。 22. 句意：我能听听淘气宝拉的故事吗? Can能够；Must必须；Need需要；Should应该。根据“…I have one about Naughty Paula?”可知，此处是安妮请求爸爸给自己讲淘气宝拉的故事，表示请求，用Can。故选A。 23. 句意：“玛格特更喜欢好宝拉，”奥托说。 wounds使受伤；hates憎恨；surprises使惊讶；prefers更喜欢。根据“‘Well she would,’ Anne replied, angrily.”可知，安妮想听淘气宝拉的故事，但是玛戈特更喜欢好宝拉，所以安妮生气。故选D。 24. 句意：有玛戈特这样的姐姐很难。 hard艰难的；different不同的；dangerous危险的；impossible不可能的。根据“It was…having Margot as an older sister.”可知，安妮认为姐姐玛戈特喜欢好宝拉，自己却喜欢淘气的宝拉，姐姐比自己好，故安妮认为有这样的姐姐相对比，自己情况很难。故选A。 25. 句意：奥托猜到了她在想什么。 doubted怀疑；guessed猜测；believed相信；proved证明。根据“Otto…what she was thinking. ‘You could be good, too, Anne.’”可知，爸爸猜到了安妮的想法，于是安慰安妮。故选B。 26. 句意：任何能让你快乐的事！ Nothing没有什么；No one没有人；Anything任何事情；Anyone任何人。根据“…to make you happy!”可知，爸爸安慰了安妮，安妮可以做任何事情来让爸爸开心。故选C。 27. 句意：“我们今晚有客人，”她说。 citizens市民；hosts主人；customers顾客；guests客人。根据“Miep, from Daddy’s work and her friend Jan.”可知，爸爸的同事及同事的朋友会来安妮家做客，所以妈妈准备晚餐。故选D。 28. 句意：门铃一响，安妮就冲过去让他们进来。 Whenever无论何时；Before在……之前；While当……时；As soon as一……就……。根据“…the doorbell rang, Anne rushed to let them in.”可知，此处指门铃一响，安妮就冲过去开门，用as soon as引导时间状语从句。故选D。 29. 句意：下一刻，她向他们抛出了问题。 questions问题；dishes碟，盘；instructions指示；suggestions建议。根据“‘How are you Miep? What’s it like working for Daddy? Hello Jan!’”可知，安妮向客人问了很多问题。故选A。 30. 句意：然后安妮停下来看着他们两个，棕色的眼睛充满兴趣地闪闪发光。 all三者及以上都；both两者都；either两者中任一个；any任何。根据“How are you Miep? What’s it like working for Daddy? Hello Jan!”可知，安妮询问来做客的两位客人，问了他们问题，并且看着他们两个，表示两者都，应用both。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第四讲、情态动词 知识目标 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 4 考点一 情态动词的分类（辨析） 4 考点二 情态动词的特点 5 考点三 情态动词用法 7 （一）can/could的用法 7 （二）may的用法 8 （三）must musn’t have to的用法 8 （四）shall should的用法 8 （五）need的用法 8 （六）had better的用法 8 （七）used to的用法 8 分层训练·巩固提升 13 基础巩固 10 能力提升 11 情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目，也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战2025年中考时，考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。 课标要求：1.掌握情态动词的语法特征； 2.知道情态动词的分类; 3.掌握情态动词基本语境情态色彩。 考查方向和形式 主要考查情态动词辨析，考查角度以语境辨析为主。考查形式主要以单项选择、完型填空、短文填空及语法填空为主。 一、情态动词的分类及特点 情态动词表示说话人的语气和观点.情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它后面接动词原形.情态动词只有情态意义,即它表示说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词主要有:can(could),may(might),must, ought to, need, dare (dared), have to(had to).此夕卜shall, will, should, would在一定场合下也可用作情态动词. 情态动词的分类： (1)只作情态动词:must;can/could;may/might;ought to ⑵既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare (3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词:shall/should;will/would ⑷具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to;had better 情态动词的特点 (1 )情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)； (2)情态动词后接动词原形； (3)情态动词的否定式是在其后加not; have to除外 (4)具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语； (5) 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或将来。 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用 法 例 句 can和could (1) 表示能力，意为“能；会”，could用作can的过去式 She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike. 她会开车，但不会骑自行车。 She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last year. 去年她刚来我们学校时还不会说中文。 (2) 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，两者皆可用，此时的could并不表示过去，只是语气比can更委婉 You can go there now. 你可以现在去那儿。 — Can/Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ — Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。（允许对方时，不可用could应答） (3) 表示客观可能性或推测，意为“可能”，can常用于否定句和疑问句中；could并不表示过去，只是表示可能性小，多用于肯定句和否定句中 The girl in the classroom can’t be Mary. She has gone to the library. 教室里的女孩不可能是玛丽，她去图书馆了。 He could be in London. 他可能在伦敦。 must和 have to (1) must表示“必须”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止；不准；不允许” I must finish the work today. 我必须今天完成工作。 Cars mustn’t be parked here. 此处禁止停车。 (2) must表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定；准是”，只用于肯定句。在否定句和疑问句中用can’t，表示“不可能” He must be at home. The light is on. 他一定在家，灯亮着呢。 He can’t be at home. He is on business. 他不可能在家，他出差了。 (3) have to意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观实际的需要，有人称和时态的变化；must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要，无人称和时态的变化 If he misses the last bus, he will have to walk home. 如果他错过末班车，他将不得不走回家。（表示客观实际） You must stop smoking. 你必须戒烟。（表示主观意愿） (4) 否定式don’t have to表示“不必”，mustn’t表示“禁止；不准” — Must I finish all the work today? 我必须今天完成全部工作吗？ — Yes, you must. / No, you don’t have to. / No, you needn’t. 是的，必须。/ 不，不必。 You mustn’t stop your car here. 此处禁止停车。 need (1) need作情态动词，意为“需要”，后接动词原形，没有人称、数和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句中。否定式needn’t，意为“不必” It’s Sunday today. You needn’t get up so early. 今天星期天，你不必起得这么早。 Need I post your books to you? 需要我把书寄给你吗？ (2) need作实义动词，意为“需要；有必要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等 Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？ She didn’t need to go to school yesterday. 她昨天不需要去上学。 should和 ought to (1) 表示义务、责任、建议、劝告，意为“应该；应当” Young people should respect old people. 晚辈应该尊重长辈。 You ought to talk with your father about it. 你应该和你的父亲谈谈这件事。 (2) 表示推测，意为“应该；估计” They should be home by now, I think. 我想他们现在总该到家了吧。 It ought to be Tom. 应该是汤姆。 had better 意为“最好”“应该”，后接动词原形，had通常缩略为’d。否定式为had better not You’d better get some sleep. 你最好去睡一会儿。 You’d better not go there by yourself. 你最好不要一个人去那里。 used to 意为“过去经常”，后接动词原形 He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。 Did you use to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗？ They didn’t use to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。 【基础巩固】 1. (2024·北京）— Bill, ________ I use your ruler? — Of course you can. Here you are. A. can B. must C. need D. should 2. (2024·天津）It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A. may not B. mustn’t C. need D. should 3. (2024·云南）—Whose dictionary is this? —It ________ be Sarah’s. Look! Her name is on it. A. must   B. need C. mustn’t   D. needn’t 4. (2024·江苏连云港）Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems _________ be cured. A. can B. must C. should D. need 5. (2024·江苏镇江）With the help of modern technology, now people ________ enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space. A. may B. can C. should D. must 6. (2024·北京顺义·二模）—Mum, ________ I clean my bedroom at once? —No, you needn’t. You can do it after you finish your homework. A. must B. need C. can D. should 7. (2024·北京石景山·二模）John is good at languages. He _______ speak Chinese, English and French. A. could B. can C. would D. must 8. (2024·北京海淀·二模）—Excuse me, ________ you please tell me where the nearest bus stop is? —Sure. Turn right at the first crossing. It’s on your right. A. must B. could C. should D. need 9. (2024·北京平谷·二模）—________ you give me some suggestions on learning Chinese, Lin Tao? —Of course, I can. A. Need B. Can C. May D. Must 10. (2024·北京丰台·二模）—________ you pass the book to me? —No problem. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 11.（2023·江苏无锡 ） Oh, come on! ________ you doubt everything I say? I’m not a three-year-old! A. Can’t B. Can C. Mustn’t D. Must 12.（2023· 天津）—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow? —Sorry, I’m afraid I ________. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 13. —Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now? —Sorry, I _________. My watch doesn’t work. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 14. —It’s quite bright here. Let’s just keep the window open. —Yes. We________ leave the light on. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. will D. wouldn’t 15. —What do you think we common people ________ do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout? —I think we ________ do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit. A. must; can’t B. may; mustn’t C. need; shouldn’t. D. can; needn’t 16.— _______ we clean the classroom at once? — No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school. A. Must; needn’t; may B. Must; mustn’t; can C. Shall; can’t; must D. Need; mustn’t; may 17. Mike, you play with fire. You burn yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. have got to; shouldn’t C. don’t have to; must D. mustn’t; might 18.-Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. -I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t 19.The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight.. A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 20.-It’s too hot._ ______ I swim in the lake? -No, you____. That’s too dangerous! A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t 21.（2023·湖北鄂州）—_________ I take photos here? —Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum. A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will 22. (2023·湖北黄石）Young Chinese people ________ keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground. A. should B. can C. may D. need 23. (2023·湖北荆州）—You _______ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly. —That’s very kind of you. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 24.（2023·襄樊）. —Does the sports watch belong to Mary? —It ________ be hers. She is the only one who wears the sports watch in our class. A. can’t B. must C. might D. could 25.（2023·江苏连云港 ）Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ________ learn to protect ourselves. A. might B. should C. could D. would 二、 用适当的情态动词填空 1. —What __________ I do for you? —I want some bananas. 2. Tom __________ ride a bike, but he can’t drive a car. 3. You are ill, Tom. You __________ see a doctor. 4. Children __________ play basketball in the street. 5. If you are not careful, a car __________ hit you. 6. —__________ I come in? —Yes, you may. Come in, please. 7. A blind man __________ see anything. 8.Nobody_________live without air and water. 9.The book__________ be returned before Saturday. 10.You_________give up smoking at once. It's bad for your health. 11.The train will leave at half past six, so I__________ get there fifteen minutes earlier. 12.You don't________ worry about her. She is much better now. 三、翻译下列句子。 1. 我会讲日语。 2. 你会弹钢琴吗？ 3. 我们可以进来吗？是的，你们可以进来。/不，你们不可以进来。 4. 他不会下象棋。 5. 小汽车不能在此左转弯。 6. 我们现在得上学去了。 7. 我必须要7点前先完成作业吗？ 不，没必要。 8. 我可以借几本书？ 9. 你必须在一个月内还书。 10. 参观者不能在博物馆里吸烟 【能力提升】 A（2023·广东） When Peter was six, he started receiving pocket money from his mother. When he turned seven, he 1 £7 a week. Now at the age of fifteen, he 2 £15 every week. He has the raise in pocket money because he spends money wisely. 3 a shopping mall near Peter’s home. At weekends, he watches 4 movies with his friends, or takes his little brother to the play center there. He buys his grandparents small presents when he visits them. Sometimes, he takes one 5 bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores 6 great books and donates them to children in need. His mother is satisfied with 7 he spends his money. She thinks it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit 8 help Peter manage money well,” she says. Peter’s mother even suggests giving pocket money to children as 9 as when they are four. “To learn how to deal with money is 10 useful life skill. Giving children pocket money in their early years teaches them the importance of budgeting.” 1. A. gets B. got C. will get 2. A. gives B. is given C. is giving 3. A. There is B. It is C. They are 4. A. excite B. excitement C. exciting 5. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s 6. A. buy B. to buy C. bought 7. A. how B. which C. whether 8. A. need B. must C. can 9. A. early B. earlier C. earliest 10. A. a B. an C. the （24·江苏扬州）B Before Anne Frank went into hiding with her family, she was a carefree girl like any other. Anne Frank ran down the stairs as fast as she could. She was supposed to do her 16 , but it was so boring. Margot, her perfect sister, might be happy reading books all day, but Anne wasn’t. Other children were already out on the sunny Amsterdam streets. Some were rolling hoops, others doing handstands against the wall. Anne was 17 at handstands, but knew another way to get everyone’s attention. “ 18 this!” she cried, lifting her arm high in the air. Anne waited until everyone was looking at her, then she swung her arm around fast. All the boys 19 and cheered. Hearing the 20 of laughter, Anne’s mother, Edith, looked out the window. “I bet that girl hasn’t done her homework,” she thought. It was always hard with Anne. 21 , she was glad Anne had got used to Amsterdam life so easily. Anne was only seven. That night, Anne’s father, Otto, put Anne to bed as usual. “Tell me a story about Good Paula and Naughty (淘气的) Paula, Daddy!” Anne said, “ 22 I have one about Naughty Paula? She’s more fun.” “Margot 23 Good Paula,” Otto said. “Well she would,” Anne replied, angrily. It was 24 having Margot as an older sister. Otto 25 what she was thinking. “You could be good, too, Anne.” “I’ll try, Daddy, I promise,” Anne said. “ 26 to make you happy!” The next day, when Anne got back from school, Edith was preparing supper. “We have 27 tonight,” she said. “Who’s coming?” Anne asked eagerly. “Miep, from Daddy’s work and her friend Jan.” “Hooray!” Anne cried. 28 the doorbell rang, Anne rushed to let them in. The next moment, she was throwing them 29 . “How are you Miep? What’s it like working for Daddy? Hello Jan!” Then Anne stopped and looked at them 30 , her brown eyes shining with interest. “Ooh! Are you Miep’s boyfriend?” she asked. Edith cut in, “Quiet, Anne!” “Time for supper,” added Otto, gently. 16. A. cooking B. shopping C. homework D. sports 17. A. endless B. fearless C. meaningless D. hopeless 18. A. Watch B. Find C. Confirm D. Search 19. A. jumped B. whispered C. laughed D. rushed 20. A. order B. sound C. call D. voice 21. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Anyway D. So 22. A. Can B. Must C. Need D. Should 23. A. wounds B. hates C. surprises D. prefers 24. A. hard B. different C. dangerous D. impossible 25. A. doubted B. guessed C. believed D. proved 26. A. Nothing B. No one C. Anything D. Anyone 27. A. citizens B. hosts C. customers D. guests 28. A. Whenever B. Before C. While D. As soon as 29. A. questions B. dishes C. instructions D. suggestions 30. 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