Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册创新导学案Word（译林版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第三册(译林) Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．to make possible or easier——vt. facilitate 2．a member of the government in Britain and many other countries who is in charge of a particular department or has an important position in it——n. minister 3．a pattern, plan or arrangement——n. format 4．a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime they have committed, or while they are waiting for trial——n. prison 5．covering a large area; having a great range——adv. extensively 6．a group of words which are part rather than the whole of a sentence——n. phrase 7．able to be obtained, used, or reached——adj. available 8．much greater than usual, especially in skill, intelligence, quality, etc.——adj. exceptional 9．sort__out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 Ⅱ.教材原句 1．Sima Qian, ____________________________ (最伟大的历史学家之一) in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE. 答案：one of the greatest historians 2．__________________________ (受到他父亲的影响), who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. 答案：Influenced by his father 3．He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and ________________________ (20岁的时候), he began travelling extensively across the country. 答案：at the age of 20 4．He interviewed the local people to ________________________ (得到大量的信息)． 答案：get a wide range of information 5．________________________ (学习和旅游) were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian. 答案：Learning and travelling 6．His father's dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece ____________________ ____________ (记录历史上发生了什么)． 答案：recording what had happened in history 7．However, his work ____________ (证明很艰难), because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. 答案：proved difficult 8．He __________________ (被关进监狱), where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. 答案：was put in prison 1 facilitate vt. 使便利，促进(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①You could facilitate the process by sharing your knowledge. 通过分享你的知识你可以促进这一过程。 ②However, in order to facilitate developing the sale of automobiles in your market, we are prepared to accept payment by D/P at sight as a special accommodation. 然而，为了促进我们的汽车在贵方市场上的销售，我方准备接受即期交单付款方式，以示特别照顾。 ③There are excellent facilities for sport and recreation. 有完善的体育娱乐设施。 ④We welcome them and will provide all possible facilitation and assistance. 我们对他们表示欢迎，并将提供一切可能的便利和协助。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The hotel has special facilities ________ welcoming disabled people. ②Running a group workshop requires the skills of ________ (facilitate) and team leadership. ③Instruction is the arrangement of information and environment to facilitate ________ (learn)． 答案：①for　②facilitation　③learning (2)完成句子 ①这笔钱使我们得以改善本镇的休闲设施。 The money enabled us to upgrade the town's ______________. ②新机场将促进旅游业的发展。 The new airport will ____________________________. 答案：①leisure facilities　②facilitate the development of tourism 2 sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 ①Collect and sort out cultural heritage data by category and build a national cultural big data system. 分类收集整理文化遗产数据，构建国家文化大数据系统。 ②The city is asking all of its residents to sort their waste into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful, and dry. 该市要求所有居民将垃圾分为四类：湿垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和干垃圾。 ③Their specific task is to sort through the reams of information and try to determine what it means. 他们的具体任务就是将大量信息分类，并努力弄清其意思。 ④The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me. 海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I'm going to sort these old books ________ those to be kept and those to be thrown away. ②The government is determined to sort ________ the country's worst schools, if necessary by closing them. ③She assigns ants to help her sort ________ a huge jumble of seeds. 答案：①into　②out　③through (2)完成句子 ①你走之前最好把生意上的事务整理一下。 ______________________________________ before going. ②问题是为什么他的脸上出现一种不安的表情。 The question is ______________________________________________． 答案：①You'd better sort out the business affairs ②why he has a sort of uneasy expression on his face 3 available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 ①There is a large collection of texts available for consultation on screen. 有大量的文本可通过电脑查阅。 ②Antibiotics are only available on prescription. 抗生素只能凭处方购买。 ③Cheap flights are available from budget travel agents from $240. 起价240美元的廉价机票可从一些经济旅行社那里买到。 ④This medicine is readily available in China. 这样的药在中国很容易买到。 ⑤Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output. 企业可以根据其他因素选址，如劳动力的可用性，减少对产出成本的担忧。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the ________ (available) of capital and credit all stimulated the commercial boom. ②The materials you need are available ________ any good do­it­yourself store. ③Her wish is that there are various treatments available ________ this condition. 答案：①availability　②from　③for (2)完成句子 ①这是一个自然风景极美的地方，所以河上可供租用的船只数量有限。 Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty, __________________________________ on the river is limited. ②所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场。 ______________________ was called to the scene. 答案：①the number of boats available for hire　②Every available doctor Grammar　表语从句 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．The plain fact is ________ nobody really knows. 答案：that 2．New York is ________ the action is. 答案：where 3．This is ________ today's well­dressed man is wearing. 答案：what 4．Home is ________ we are together regardless of where we go. 答案：wherever 5．English has many borrowed words; that's ________ it is rather confusing to learners. 答案：why 6．The problem is ________ could do the work. 答案：who 7．What she is wondering is ________ they left here. 答案：when 8．He looked ________ he was ill. 答案：as if/though 语法讲座 在主从复合句中作表语成分的从句，称为表语从句。常位于系动词后，用来说明主语的状态。 一、that引导的表语从句 that引导的表语从句，陈述一个事实或看法，没有疑问之意，即由原来的陈述句充当。that在从句中不作成分，也没有实际词汇意义，通常不能省略。 The truth is that Paul told a lie. 真相是保罗撒谎了。 All I know is that she used to work in a bank. 我只知道她曾经在银行工作过。 The point is that we should depend on ourselves. 关键是我们应该依靠自己。 二、whether 引导的表语从句 whether引导的表语从句，表达一般疑问概念，间接相当于一般疑问句；在表语从句中表示“是否”含义，不充当成分，不能用if替换。 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。 The point is whether my parents agree with me. 关键是我父母是否同意我的看法。 All she's worried about is whether he is all right. 她所担心的只是他是否安然无恙。 The question is whether I should go to the cinema with him or go shopping with her. 问题是，我是应该和他去看电影，还是和她去逛街。 三、wh­word引导的表语从句 (1)疑问代词(who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever)和疑问副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however)均可引导表语从句，具有疑问的含义。疑问代词或疑问副词加­ever，对疑问的语意起强调作用。 The doubt is who has taken away the document. 疑点是谁拿走了文件。 Something else I'd like to know is whose house was broken into. 我还想知道的是谁家被撬了。 He is what we call a “walking dictionary”． 他就是我们所说的“活字典”。 What they want to know is when the meeting will begin. 他们想知道的是会议将会在什么时候开始。 What surprises me is where they got the money from. 让我吃惊的是他们从哪里弄来的钱。 The question is how you can finish it in one hour. 问题是你如何能在一小时内完成它。 Computer input is whatever is put into a computer system. 计算机输入是指一切可以输入到计算机系统的东西。 (2)关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whichever和关系副词when, where, whenever, wherever都可以引导表语从句，与疑问代词和疑问副词不同，这些引导词没有任何疑问的含义。 ①what＝the thing(s) that ……的东西或事情；也可以指人(＝the person that) ②whatever＝anything that 任何事，无论什么 ③whoever＝anyone who 任何人，无论谁 ④whichever＝any one that 任何一个 ⑤when＝the time when ……的时间 ⑥where＝the place where ……的地点 ⑦whenever＝any time when ……任何时间 ⑧wherever＝any place where ……任何地点 What he wants to get is whatever you want. 他想要的就是你想要的。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 上次我们玩得很开心是在我们参观水上公园的时候。 This is where I part company with the professor. 这是我和教授的意见相左之处。 四、because/why引导的表语从句 主语为it/this/that时，表语从句的引导词可以用because或者why。 常见句型：It/This/That is because ... (＋原因)；It/This/That is why ... (＋结果) Tom is so happy. That is because he has been admitted to a famous university. 汤姆很高兴。那是因为他被一所名牌大学录取了。 Tom has been admitted to a famous university. That's why he is so happy. 汤姆被一所名牌大学录取了。那就是他为什么这么高兴的原因。 主语为the reason时，表语从句的引导词要用that，而不能用why或者because。 常见句型：The reason (why ... /for ... ) is that ... (……的原因是……) The reason for his absence from work is that his car broke down this morning. 他没来上班的原因是今天早上他的车坏了。 五、as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though是方式连词(词组)引导的表语从句，常用在感官系动词look, seem, appear, sound, feel, smell, taste之后。 It seems as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。 It sounds as though you are from the south of the United States. 听起来你好像来自美国南部。 六、其他需要注意的问题 (1)主句的主语是order, command, suggestion, proposal, advice, demand, requirement, request, desire 等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词时，表语从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside. 我的建议就是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不只是把它放在一边。 Your mother's advice is that you (should) think it over before you make a decision. 你妈妈的建议就是你作出决定之前要三思。 (2)表语从句一定要使用陈述语气。 The discussion is which road we should take. (√) The discussion is which road should we take. (×) 讨论的是我们应该走哪条路。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The problem is ________ is really fit for the hard job. ②It sounds ________ she's been really ill. ③The only time I can think clearly is ________ I'm alone. ④The reason was ________ you don't trust her. ⑤The problem is ________ the global warming can be controlled. 答案：①who　②as if/though　③when　④that ⑤whether (2)完成句子 ①事实是他没有做真正的努力。 The fact was __________________. ②问题是这部电影是否值得看。 The question is __________________________________． ③现在看起来她认识米莉已有好多年了。 Now ______________________ she had known Millie for years. ④我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。 My advice is that you ____________________________ as often as possible. ⑤那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 That's ____________________． 答案：①that he didn't really try　②whether the film is worth seeing　③it seems as if/though　④(should) practise speaking English　⑤where I first met her Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．It was Chaucer who really turned English into a ________ (文学的) language. 答案：literary 2．Computers can be used to ________ (促进) language learning. 答案：facilitate 3．Italian merchants traded ________ (广泛地) in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy. 答案：extensively 4．Since 1978, the amount of money a________ to buy books has fallen by 17%. 答案：available 5．At the age of five he showed e________ talent as a musician. 答案：exceptional Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．College is ________ you meet your bridesmaids, groomsmen, neighbors, and potential bosses. 答案：where 2．His mother was ill and he had to look after her in hospital, which is ________ he was absent from the meeting. 答案：why 3．Xie Lei's confusion is ________ she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way. 答案：whether 4．His work proved difficult, so his chief concern was ________ he could do his job more effectively and efficiently. 答案：how 5．One of the reasons why people don't feel like going to the cinema is ________ they can enjoy the same movie at home through the Internet. 答案：that Ⅲ.完成句子 1．事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。 __________________ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 答案：The truth was that 2．看起来，直升机好像正在向灾区运送各种物资。 ________________ helicopters were delivering all kinds of supplies to the disaster area. 答案：It seems as if/though 3．他遇到暴风雨了，那就是为什么他迟到了。 He was caught in the storm, ____________________________． 答案：that is why he was late 4．事实上，女孩可以像男孩一样成为任何她们想成为的人，无论是飞行员、宇航员还是经理。 Actually, girls can be ____________________ just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a manager. 答案：whatever they want to be 5．我的问题是，我能向谁求助。 My trouble is __________________________． 答案：who/whom I can turn to for help 课后课时作业 Ⅰ　完形填空 The Louvre: The World's Best Museum Paris is a playland for lovers and a painter's dreams. There is no better place to __1__ the Louvre, the world's best museum of art. But what makes this museum so worthy of that __2__？ The building itself is a good place to start. As with most museums, large palaces or other traditional architecture are used to __3__ museums of art and of natural science. __4__ the Louvre, the main building used today was formerly the castle of King Philip Augustus in the 12th Century. Not until 1546 did King Francis I begin to __5__ and expand the castle. Subsequent kings did the __6__. Not only did these kings add to the buildings, they also __7__ within their rooms the finest art. After the French Revolution, the Louvre was opened to the public. In the 1980s, a controversial see­through glass pyramid­shaped structure was __8__ by the architect I. M. Pei (贝聿铭). After centuries of continuous construction and the accumulation (积累) of art __9__， today the Louvre offers a world­class collection of both French and foreign art. The outer shell of a museum, __10__， no matter how artistic or historic, cannot alone make a museum truly great. The inner collections are of great __11__ to both the art researcher and art lover alike. The Louvre does not disappoint them. Three of the greatest works of art are here: the statues Victory of Samothrace and Venus de Milo accompany Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting, the Mona Lisa. These alone attract art __12__ from around the world. Other major painting collections include works from the middle ages and Renaissance (文艺复兴时期). The treasures of the French royalty are on __13__ here. Greek, Roman, Egyptian as well as early Christian collections can also be appreciated. This clearly is not a museum to be seen in one morning. Finally, the site of the museum contributes to the magic of the Louvre. The castle built by King Philip Augustus was situated on the right bank of the Seine, overlooking the splendid scenery. Today this location is within walking distance of major Parisian tourist attractions, like the Royal Palace, and the National Library. One could easily spend a whole week __14__ the heart of Paris centered around the Louvre. Taken altogether, the Louvre holds its own as one of the best museums. Its varied buildings, __15__ collection of works of art, and the delightful site of the grounds overlooking France's most famous river all make the Louvre a must­see attraction. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卢浮宫的修建历史及它成为世界上最好的艺术博物馆的原因。 1．A.express B．situate C．approve D．complete 答案：B　根据上文“Paris is a playland for lovers and a painter's dreams.”可知，巴黎是恋人的乐园，也是画家的梦想之地，因此此处表示再没有比这更好的地方来安置世界上最好的艺术博物馆了，situate “使坐落于”，故选B。 2．A.argument B．criterion C．geometry D．honor 答案：D　根据上文“the world's best museum of art”可知，世界上最好的艺术博物馆是卢浮宫获得的荣誉，故选D。 3．A.locate B．install C．put D．house 答案：D　根据上文“large palaces or other traditional architecture”可知，此处表示大型宫殿或其他传统建筑被用来为艺术和自然科学博物馆提供场地，故选D。 4．A.In spite of B．In the case of C．In search of D．In view of 答案：B　根据下文“the main building used today was formerly the castle of King Philip Augustus in the 12th Century”可知，卢浮宫的主要建筑是12世纪Philip Augustus(菲利普·奥古斯都)国王的城堡，in the case of “至于，对……来说”，故选B。 5．A.redesign B．recreate C．renew D．refresh 答案：A　根据下文“expand the castle”可知，国王Francis Ⅰ(弗朗西斯一世)重新设计和扩建城堡，故选A。 6．A.alternative B．opposite C．equivalent D．same 答案：D　根据下文“Not only did these kings add to the buildings”可知，后来的国王也扩建城堡，也就是后来的国王做了同样的事情，故选D。 7．A.equipped B．hid C．stocked D．guided 答案：C　根据下文“within their rooms the finest art”可知，这些国王将艺术品贮存在自己的房间里，故选C。 8．A.chosen B．named C．added D．guarded 答案：C　根据上文“Not only did these kings add to the buildings”和设空前的“a controversial see­through glass pyramid­shaped structure”可知，建筑师贝聿铭增建了一座颇具争议的透明玻璃金字塔形建筑，故选C。 9．A.treasures B．appreciation C．exhibitions D．reputation 答案：A　根据下文“today the Louvre offers a world­class collection of both French and foreign art”可知，卢浮宫积累了艺术珍藏品，故选A。 10．A.in addition B．however C．by contrast D．therefore 答案：B　句意：然而，不管一个博物馆的外壳多么具有艺术性或历史性，它本身并不能使一个博物馆真正伟大。此处表示转折，应用however，故选B。 11．A.profit B．fascination C．benefit D．interest 答案：D　句意：艺术研究者和艺术爱好者都对它内部的收藏品很感兴趣。sth be of interest to sb意为“某人对某物感兴趣”，故选D。 12．A.audience B．enthusiasts C．workers D．volunteers 答案：B　根据上文“The inner collections are of great __11__ to both the art researcher and art lover alike.”可知，此处表示三件最伟大的艺术作品吸引了来自世界各地的艺术爱好者，故选B。 13．A.display B．duty C．purpose D．camera 答案：A　根据上文“The treasures of the French royalty”可知，法国皇室的珍宝都在这里展出，on display “展出”，故选A。 14．A.stealing B．mapping C．touring D．possessing 答案：C　根据下文“the heart of Paris centered around the Louvre”可知，此处指“游览以卢浮宫为中心的巴黎市中心”，故选C。 15．A.common B．unparalleled C．private D．peculiar 答案：B　根据上文“Three of the ... the Mona Lisa.”及“This clearly is not a museum to be seen in one morning.”可知，卢浮宫里收藏的艺术品非常珍贵，是无与伦比的，unparalleled “无与伦比的，绝无仅有的”。故选B。 Ⅱ　阅读 Once upon a time, science fiction (科幻小说) was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories; there were horror stories; there was literary fiction; and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. It's difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or “serious” fiction that doesn't involve science. And it's not just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci­fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. It's clear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role that science plays in our lives. Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci­fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on people's real lives, but on their imaginative ones. Writers began to describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create. But sci­fi reflected fears about science rather than hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H．G. Wells' The War of the World's (1897). With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization—that of men from Mars. The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mar” and other themes of past sci­fi. Given that science, technology and polities are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels—like American Cory Doctorow's Little Brother (2008)—are concerned with government and security service “conspiracies (阴谋)” against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistle blowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci­fi writing a “skeptical (怀疑的)” feel. This underlines one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today. As then, so now: We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说的不同。 1．What can we know according to the first paragraph? A．Science fiction used to take the leadership in literature. B．Horror stories and literary fiction have initiated science fiction. C．Modern fiction reflects the influence of science fiction. D．Science fiction is the dominant literature style at the present time. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句“But today science themes ... that doesn't involve science.(但今天，科学主题主导了其他风格。很难想象很多现代犯罪、恐怖或‘严肃’小说不涉及科学。)”可知，现代小说反映了科幻小说的影响。故选C。 2．What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century? A．The curiosity of young readers about the future. B．The changes that the industrial revolution brought about. C．People's stretched imagination affected by their real life. D．People's fears about science rather than hopes. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Although some experts have ... when industrial societies arose.(尽管一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到古代，但更合理的说法是科幻小说最早出现在19世纪，那时工业社会刚刚兴起。)”和最后一句“All of these changes ... but on their imaginative ones.(所有这些变化不仅对人们的现实生活产生了巨大影响，而且对他们想象中的生活也产生了巨大影响。)”可推知，工业革命带来的变化导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选B。 3．According to the passage, what do we know about the early science fiction? A．It aroused people's curiosity of science about daily life. B．It intensified people's worries about the social problems. C．It promoted people's understanding of the true value of science. D．It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，科幻小说反映的更多的是对科学的恐惧，而不是希望。这些有代表性的早期科幻小说可能是一部英国小说，如H.G.Wells(赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯)的《世界大战》(1897)。Wells以高超的技巧，通过想象地球受到来自火星的人类文明的威胁，演绎了人们对科技的恐惧。由此可推知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种虚构的焦虑气氛。故选D。 4．What's the main idea of the passage? A．The impact of science fiction. B．The development of science fiction. C．The content of science fiction. D．The characteristic of science fiction. 答案：B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍了其起源以及现代科幻小说与以前的不同，因此主要讲的是科幻小说的发展。故选B。 1．dominate v. 主导；支配 2.involve v. 涉及，包含 3．entertainment n. 娱乐 1．set ... apart from 把……区分开 2．turn out 生产，制造 Ⅲ　语法填空 We humans are only born with one set of eyes, so we should make it our job __1__ (take) care of them for our whole lives. __2__ (actual), just do a few simple things every day, __3__ we can protect our eyesight. Almost all __4__ (concern) doctors keep telling us to eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables in order to have good eyesight. Furthermore, we need to protect our eyes when __5__ (spend) long periods in bright sunlight. The best way to do this is to wear __6__ (sunglass) that have 100% UV protection. Besides, it is important to protect our eyes when we work with __7__ (danger) chemicals (化学药品). For this reason, we should always wear goggles (护目镜) in chemistry labs at work or at school. Finally, we should not spend too much time in front of the computer or television screen. That is __8__ if we have to use a computer for a long time, doctors suggest we take __9__ short break every fifteen or thirty minutes. Having good eyesight __10__ (be) important. As the popular English expression goes, “It's all fun and game until someone loses an eye.” 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保护视力的重要性以及保护视力的方法。 1．to take　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型make it＋n.＋to do sth，意为“使做某事……”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。故填to take。 2．Actually　考查词性转换。此处修饰后文整个句子，应用副词作状语。故填Actually。 3．and　考查连词。此处为固定句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”；前后为顺承关系，应用and连接。故填and。 4．concerned　考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词doctors，表示“相关的”应用concerned。故填concerned。 5．spending　考查非谓语动词。此处应用when和非谓语动词一起构成时间状语，逻辑主语we和spend之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填spending。 6．sunglasses　考查名词。眼镜常用复数，故填sunglasses。 7．dangerous　考查词性转换。修饰名词chemicals，应用形容词，故填dangerous。 8．why　考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，表示“为什么”，应用连接副词why。故填why。 9．a　考查冠词。take a short break为固定短语，意为“短暂休息”。故填a。 10．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语动词，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故填is。 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$