Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册创新导学案Word（译林版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第三册(译林) Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．physical and mental health and happiness, especially of a person——n. welfare 2．to provide enough of what sb/sth needs in order to live or exist——vt. sustain 3．the way that sth is done or happens——n. manner 4．a state of peaceful existence and agreement—— n. harmony 5．the act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used——n. consumption 6．buildings or rooms where people live or stay——n. accommodation 7．that is near or around sth——adj. surrounding 8．a building where Christians go to worship——n. church 9．a system of words, letters, numbers or symbols that represent a message or record information secretly or in a shorter form——n. code 10．a single article or object——n. item 11．come__down__to 可归结为，可归纳为 12．dress__code 着装规定 Ⅱ.教材原句 1．The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, ______________________ (住宿和食物) usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 答案：accommodation and food 2．However, booming business is not always __________________ (轻松的境况)． 答案：a bed of roses 3．More nature­centred tourist attractions, where man and nature __________________ (和谐生活), can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 答案：live in harmony 4．As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could ____________________________ (使本地动植物面临危险)． 答案：endanger the local plants and animals 5．Reducing the negative impact, wherever we travel, will help ___________________________ _________________ (使未来多代……成为可能) to enjoy the same sites. 答案：make it possible for many future generations 6．It is important to travel __________________________________ (用一种环保的方式)． 答案：in an environmentally friendly manner 7．When at the hotel, we can also reduce our impact by __________________________________ (减少用水量) and not having our bedding and towels washed every day. 答案：cutting back on water consumption 8．In summary, being a sustainable tourist ____________________ (归结为) respect—for nature, culture and people. 答案：comes down to 1 surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的(教材P6) 归纳 拓展 ①The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city. 周围的村庄已经并入了不断扩展的城市。 ②Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身的颜色。 ③A home without books is like a house without windows; no man has the right to bring up children without books to surround them. 一个家庭没有书籍，宛如一所房屋没有窗户；任何人都无权使孩子生长在无书可读的环境中。 ④The lake is surrounded by/with tall trees and beautiful flowers. 湖的周围是高高的树木和美丽的鲜花。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The first scene we view consists of a small secluded village within a valley, which is ________ (surround) by mountains. ②He was an expert at finding his way, even in strange ________ (surrounding)． 答案：①surrounded　②surroundings (2)完成句子 如果你的周围都是杰出和有创造力的人，你将受益很多。 If you surround __________________________， you will benefit a lot. 答案：yourself with outstanding and creative people 2 harmony n. 融洽，和睦；和谐(教材P6) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He looked more relaxed as if the harmony from his surroundings had flowed into him. 他看起来放松了些，仿佛周围的和谐环境感染了他。 ②We must try to live in harmony with ourselves and those around us. 我们必须努力和我们自己及周围的人和睦相处。 ③Only when the human's harmonious development is realized can the society be developed harmoniously. 只有当人类实现了和谐发展，社会才能够和谐发展。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The architecture is ________ (harmony) and no building is over five or six floors high. ②Education is basic in the life of man, which is able to sharpen his faculties of mind, and helps to grow ________ (harmony)． ③His tastes are in harmony ________ hers, which has brought them into harmony. 答案：①harmonious　②harmoniously　③with (2)完成句子 总之，一个能和任何人和睦相处的人应该是优秀的。 In short, a person who can ________________________ anyone should be excellent. 答案：live in harmony with 3 sustain vt. 使保持，使稳定持续；维持(教材P6) 归纳 拓展 ①Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to sustain a healthy lifestyle. 集体锻炼是保持健康生活方式的最有效的方法之一。 ②The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. 一个高效而可持续的交通系统的创建是非常重要的。 ③Sustainable development is all about creating better health care, education, housing and improved standard of live for everyone. 可持续发展就是要为每个人创造更好的医疗、教育、住房条件和更高的生活水平。 sustain有时指“遭受”，但同suffer, receive, get等比较，sustain的这个用法不普遍，一般用在injury, damage, loss, defeat等词的前面。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We should advocate the ________ (sustain) use of rainforest resources. ②Recovery can't ________ (sustain) unless more jobs are created. 答案：①sustainable　②be sustained (2)完成句子 她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。 She managed to ______________________ until the end of her speech. 答案：sustain everyone's interest 4 manner n. 方式，方法；举止；(manners) 礼貌(教材P7) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①I plan to make it in an admirable manner. 我打算以一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。 ②His success is in a manner of speaking our success, too. 他的成功也可以说是我们的成功。 ③It is thought that it's a satire somewhat in the manner of Dickens. 人们认为，这部讽刺作品有点狄更斯的风格。 ④Do remember: it is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 记住：嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。 “用这种方式”的多样表达：in this way/manner; by this means; with this method。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It is good ________ (manner) to say hello to the elders when you see them. ②I'm a professional and I have to conduct myself ________ a professional manner. 答案：①manners　②in (2)翻译 The song is composed in the manner of Chinese folk songs. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：这首歌是以中国民歌的风格谱写成的。 5 come down to 可归结为，可归纳为(教材P7) 归纳 拓展 ①However, when you come down to it, it's bad manners to speak loudly in public. 然而，总结起来，在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。 ②Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him. 艾默生总是把他突然想到的新想法写下来。 ③Car owners were asked to cut down travel. 车主们被要求减少出行。 ④Would you be kind enough to hand down that pencil to me? 能麻烦你把那支铅笔递给我吗？ ⑤She is going to stop playing games and get/settle down to work. 她打算停止玩游戏，开始工作。 (1)用down的相关短语填空 ①I'm going to ________________ studying physics from now on. ②We must always uphold the glorious tradition of plain living and hard struggle and ________ it ________ from generation to generation. ③This struggle is sharp and complex; we can never ____________ guard. ④When you ________________ it, however, the basic problems of life have not changed. ⑤The doctor told him to ____________ his drinking. 答案：①get/settle down to　②hand; down　③let down　④come down to　⑤cut down (on) (2)完成句子 沃尔特·克劳利说，这个项目的根本问题归根结底就是钱。 Walter Crowley says that the key point of the project ________________________． 答案：comes down to money Grammar　非限制性定语从句 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．The house, ________ the famous writer once lived, has a lovely garden. 答案：where 2．Mrs White, ________ daughter is a teacher, is now 80 years old. 答案：whose 3．The material is elastic, ________ shown in the figure. 答案：as 4．She told me she won the match, ________ was a lie. 答案：which 5．He is a kind man, ________ is ready to help others. 答案：who 6．Jenny might come, ________ which case I'll ask her. 答案：in 7．Mr Smith, ________ whom I learned a lot, retired last year. 答案：from 8．He changed his mind again, ________ made me very angry. 答案：which 语法讲座 一、关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 1．which指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf. 林姆尼港保护区正在进行一项繁育计划，它对一只罕见的黑犀牛幼崽的到来表示欢迎。 2．who指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 We all honor Alert Einstein, who is one of the greatest physicists in the world. 我们都尊敬阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。 3．whom指人，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不能省略。 Peter, whom you met in London, is going to Paris next week. 你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。 4．whose既可指人，也可指物，在非限制性定语从句中作定语。先行词是人时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋of whom或of whom＋the＋n.；先行词是物时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋of which或of which＋the＋n.。 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. ＝The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us. ＝The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。 5．as既可指人，也可指物，在非限制性定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 As we all know, smoking is harmful to people's health. 众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。 6．as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 as which 指代内容 整个主句或主句的一部分 主句中的某个单词或短语或整个主句或主句的一部分 位置 主句前、主句中或主句后 主句中或主句后 含义 “正如、像”等意思，表示说话人的依据、评论、态度、看法等 “这、这一点”等意思，表事实、状态、起因、转折、让步等 She is always working hard, as everyone can see. 正如大家所看到的那样，她一直工作很努力。 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。 如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as，用以对主句的意义进行补充；如果不一致，则用which。 She has moved again, as was expected. 她又搬家了，这是意料之中的事。 He broke the rules again, which was unexpected. 他又违反了规定，这是出乎意料的。 二、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 当先行词指时间或地点，且在定语从句中作状语时，用when、where来引导非限制性定语从句，why不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which代替。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。 Opposite is St. Paul's Cathedral, where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把理由告诉了他们，为此我不用去开会。 用适当的关系代词/关系副词填空 ①He is absorbed in work, ________ he often was. ②He bought the car for more than $20，000, ________ made his father unhappy. ③They went to London, ________ they lived for six months. ④Joe, ________ comes from a single family, works very hard. ⑤We will put off the picnic until May 1st, ________ we all will be free. ⑥Do you know Tom, ________ we talked about just now? ⑦Next month, ________ I will spend my summer vacation in the countryside, is approaching. ⑧The play, ________ style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period. 答案：①as　②which　③where　④who　⑤when　⑥whom　⑦when　⑧whose 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中，关系代词可以为：whom、which和whose。whom指人，which指物，whose既可指人，也可指物。介词的选择取决于它与先行词或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。有时whom、which前也可以加some/many/all of等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。 Air, without which man cannot live, is really important. 空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 I should convey my appreciation to my teachers, without whose help I wouldn't achieve such a big success. 我应该感谢我的老师们，没有他们的帮助，我不可能取得如此巨大的成功。 Many young people, most of whom were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①In each packet there are batches of letters, most ____________ are undated. ②Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, ____________ effects people are still suffering. ③Local museums, many ____________ struggled financially in the past, are back afloat. ④Look, there comes Tom, ____________ I have been waiting all the morning. ⑤She had only $5, ____________ to buy her husband a present. 答案：①of which　②from whose　③of which　④for whom　⑤with which 四、非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 意义 起修饰作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整 引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 逗号的运用 不加逗号 常用逗号与主句隔开 This is the man that/who/whom we are talking about. 这是我们正在谈论的那个人。 I have two foreign teachers, both of whom are from America. 我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 用适当的关系词填空 ①The meeting, ________ was held in the park, was attended by 1，000 people. ②There's a reason ________ women don't read this stuff; it's not funny. ③When walking down the street, I came across David ________ I hadn't seen for years. ④She grew up in a key middle school in her city, ________ both her parents taught Chinese. ⑤John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members. 答案：①which　②why　③who　④where　⑤whom Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．________ (福利) reform is a top priority for the government. 答案：Welfare 2．We shall, therefore, return to this ________ (项目) at our next meeting. 答案：item 3．The development of the site will have an impact on the ________ (周围的) countryside. 答案：surrounding 4．Hotel a________ is included in the price of your holiday. 答案：accommodation 5．The c________ which is being built will be open to the tourists soon. 答案：church Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．People have worked in ________ (harmonious) with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. 答案：harmony 2．I don't know the student, with ________ help I found my way back home yesterday. 答案：whose 3．These apple trees, ________ I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit. 答案：which 4．Gas and oil ________ (consume) always increases in cold weather. 答案：consumption 5．The star refers to ________ (item) which are intended for the advanced learner. 答案：items Ⅲ.完成句子 1．格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。 Mrs Gray, ______________________________， is trying to get a job. 答案：whose children are in college 2．事先了解着装规则，这样你就能融入公司文化。 Find out ________________________ before you show up so you fit in with the company culture. 答案：what the dress code is 3．这家纺织厂有8，000多职工，女职工占百分之八十。 The textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff, ____________________________. 答案：eighty percent of whom are women 4．过去这座城市无工业可言，那时我还是个小孩。 In the old days, ________________________， the city had no industry to speak of. 答案：when I was a little boy 5．实际上，这一切都可以归结为一个相当简单的问题：我们有什么特别之处？ Actually, it all ______________________ a fairly simple question: what's so special about us? 答案：comes down to 课后课时作业 Ⅰ　完形填空 At a table on a small terrace (露台) overlooking the Garonne River, I've just finished a classic southern French dish of shellfish. The restaurant seems to be one of the last on the block to appeal more __1__ than tourists. I drink my coffee and __2__ for the moment when the bright sky reaches that post­sunset shade of dark blue. As the moment __3__， I finish my coffee and walk 200 meters to join the __4__ on the street, across from the Place de la Bourse. We gather at the edge of the miroir d'eau (“water mirror”). It is a shallow pool the __5__ of a sports field that goes through a nonstop 15­minute cycle of __6__ with about two centimeters of water, then emptying out. After a couple of minutes, the water has flowed away, __7__ a field of flat, wet stones to create a perfect __8__ of the splendid 18th­century buildings. At __9__ that moment, the lights at the foot of the building __10__， creating an image of instant beauty that is __11__ with a mix of “wows” and “ohs” and the clicking of cameras. __12__， I cross the street to visit the Old City. I pass the grand structures along the quai (码头) and wander along the __13__ streets behind it, which are __14__ with restaurants, wine bars and shops. This contrast is what I always like so much about this city. The architecture of the Grand Theatre, the museums and the town hall __15__ the fact that the word “grandeur” is truly French. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在法国大街看日落，然后逛了当地特色大街的故事。 1．A.locals B．guides C．customers D．neighbors 答案：A　根据下文“than tourists”，同时结合选项可推知，身为游客的作者发现吃饭的这家餐厅吸引的更多是当地人而非游客。故选A。 2．A.wait B．search C．stand D．send 答案：A　根据下文“for the moment when the bright sky reaches that post­sunset shade of dark blue”可知，作者是在等着看日落。故选A。 3．A.permits B．nears C．expands D．advances 答案：B　根据下文“I finish my coffee and walk 200 meters to join the __4__ on the street”可知，作者走出去，应该是日落时刻快要到了。故选B。 4．A.passengers B．campaign C．crowd D．citizens 答案：C　根据下文“We gather at the edge of the miroir d'eau (‘water mirror’)．”可知，此处指作者加入了人群中。故选C。 5．A.center B．height C．value D．size 答案：D　根据上文“a shallow pool”和下文“of a sports field”可知，此处指运动场大小的浅水池。故选D。 6．A.putting B．filling C．rising D．falling 答案：B　根据下文“then emptying out”可知，此处指注满两厘米深的水。故选B。 7．A.attracting B．meaning C．leaving D．including 答案：C　根据下文“a field of flat, wet stones”可知，水流走后，留下了一片平的潮湿的石头。故选C。 8．A.reflection B．identity C．gesture D．phenomenon 答案：A　根据上文“create a perfect”及下文“of the splendid 18th­century buildings”可知，水流走之后，平坦的潮湿的石头反射出了建筑(的倒影)。reflection “映像，映照出的影像”。故选A。 9．A.incredibly B．fortunately C．apparently D．precisely 答案：D　根据语境可知，此处指恰好在灯打开的那个时刻。precisely “恰好”。故选D。 10．A.turn down B．turn up C．switch on D．switch off 答案：C　根据上文语境可知，作者是日落之后游玩，天色暗了，需要开灯。switch on “接通，开启”。故选C。 11．A.frozen B．identified C．received D．faced 答案：C　根据下文“a mix of ‘wows’ and ‘ohs’ and the clicking of cameras”可知，此处指美景出现之后收到的反响。故选C。 12．A.Confused B．Satisfied C．Shocked D．Disappointed 答案：B　根据上文语境及下文“I cross the street to visit the Old City”可知，作者看完了美景之后很满意，继续去参观旧城。故选B。 13．A.broad B．narrow C．neat D．rocky 答案：B　根据上文“grand structures”及下文“This contrast”可知，此处指宏伟的建筑后面的狭窄的街道。故选B。 14．A.loaded B．exposed C．distributed D．lined 答案：D　根据下文“with restaurants, wine bars and shops”可知，街两边的餐厅、酒吧和商店鳞次栉比，be lined with “排列”。故选D。 15．A.highlights B．ignores C．dismisses D．shifts 答案：A　根据上文“The architecture of the Grand Theatre, the museums and the town hall”和下文“the fact that the word ‘grandeur’ is truly French”可知，这里的建筑凸显了“壮观”这个词的特点。故选A。 Ⅱ　阅读 It is 10 in the morning, and I am travelling by raft (木筏) down the Li River. The sun is already burning hot even though it has not yet reached full strength, but a calm breeze cools my skin. So far the day is wonderful, but the purpose of my trip is not just to have fun: I am following in the footsteps of Xu Xiake (15871641), the famous Chinese travel writer and geographer. Though Xu was from Jiangsu, he spent more than 30 years travelling throughout the country, and greatly admired my destination today—Ox Gorge. As we flow down the river, we are surrounded by steep hills sticking up into the sky—karsts. Unique among mountains, karsts were formed over thousands of years as rain drained into the acidic soil (酸性土) and melted the soft rock, leaving the harder rock behind. Guangxi is full of karsts, giving it some of the most interesting and beautiful scenery in the world. Xu was one of the first people to make a careful study of Guilin's karsts and their related cave systems. He, like many people today, found them fascinating. Suddenly, our raft hits some rapids, and I find myself covered in water. I turn to my raftsman and we share a laugh. The water not only keeps us cool, but it is all part of the adventure. What made someone like Xu spend years travelling thousands of kilometres away from home? Perhaps it's the same reason as mine: to explore the world and to discover new things. Yet, perhaps no one in China travelled farther or longer than Xu Xiake. At least, if anyone did they did not write about it. When our raft reaches Ox Gorge, it proves to be every bit as beautiful as I expected—a watery heaven on earth. The raft is tied up, and then I head out to explore. That afternoon, I find a cave on the river. I wade into it and the water grows shallower， until finally I am walking on dry land. Up ahead I see a light and hear laughter echoing off the cave walls. There is a large pool of mud, and a group of young people are jumping into it and swimming around. I run and join them. Soon, like my new friends, I am covered in gray mud from head to toe. After an hour of play, I head back out of the cave and take a swim in the river to get clean. And I wonder, when Xu Xiake came here nearly five hundred years ago, did he examine the mud like a scientist? Or did he jump in? Of course he jumped in. You know he did. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者追随中国著名旅游作家和地理学家徐霞客的脚步游玩黄牛峡的所见及所感。 1．How did the author feel when he was covered in water? A．Worried. B．Satisfied. C．Delighted. D．Annoyed. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I turn to my raftsman and we share a laugh.(我转向我的筏夫，我们一起大笑。)”可知，作者撞上激流被弄得浑身都是水的时候是很开心的。故选C。 2．Why did the author decide to go to Ox Gorge? A．To have fun in unique mountains. B．To make other people greatly admire him. C．To travel farther and longer than Xu Xiake. D．To explore the world and discover new things. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Perhaps it's the same reason as mine: to explore the world and to discover new things.(也许和我的理由一样：去探索世界，去发现新事物。)”可知，作者来到黄牛峡是为了探索世界，发现新事物。故选D。 3．What did the author do in the cave? A．He took a swim to get clean. B．He researched the cave walls. C．He explored the shallow water. D．He jumped into the mud to play. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I run and join them ... from head to toe.(我跑过去加入他们。很快，像我的新朋友一样，我从头到脚都是灰色的泥。)\”可知，作者在山洞里跳进了大泥塘玩耍。故选D。 4．The author wrote the passage mainly to ________． A．share his travel experience with readers B．introduce the beautiful scenery of Guilin C．remember the famous writer and geographer Xu Xiake D．stress the importance of protecting the fascinating karsts 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者主要和读者分享了自己在黄牛峡游玩的经历。故选A。 1．throughout prep. 遍及，到处 2．shallow adj. 浅的 1．stick up 向上突出；竖立 2．be full of 充满…… Ⅲ　语法填空 The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, is remembered for the many things he did during his rule. __1__ 221 and 210 BC, he started the construction of the Great Wall. He built a large network of roads. He introduced __2__ new writing system, currency and set of measurements. The emperor also ordered the construction of a huge army of life­sized terracotta soldiers. These，he hoped, would protect his tomb after __3__ (he) death. Today, the soldiers in Xi'an's terracotta museum are light brown, but they weren't always this color. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. __4__ (sad), most of the colors did not last to the present day. Before their discovery, the clay soldiers __5__ (protect) by being underground. When they were unearthed, however, the air caused the coating under the paint to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg, __6__ (take) away with it important pieces of history. New __7__ (technique) are now starting to reveal the army's true colors. Recently, archaeologists __8__ (discover) an area with more than a hundred soldiers, many of __9__ still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a special liquid __10__ (help) preserve the soldiers' colors. After they find a soldier or other artifact, archaeologists spray it with the liquid. They then cover it in plastic. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国第一位皇帝秦始皇在其统治期间所做的许多事情，尤其介绍了秦始皇兵马俑的相关信息。 1．Between　考查固定搭配。between ... and ... 意为“……和……之间”；且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Between。 2．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个新的书写系统”，应用不定冠词；且new的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 3．his　考查代词。修饰名词death应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。 4．Sadly　考查词性转换。修饰整个句子应用副词作状语；且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Sadly。 5．were protected　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子陈述过去发生的事情用一般过去时， 主语the clay soldiers与动词protect之间是被动关系，且主语为复数。故填were protected。 6．taking　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语The paint和动词take是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。 故填taking。 7．techniques　考查名词。根据系动词are可知，主语是复数名词。故填techniques。 8．have discovered　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Recently可知，应用现在完成时。故填have discovered。 9．whom　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词soldiers，在介词of后，指代兵马俑士兵，应用whom。故填whom。 10．to help　考查非谓语动词。句意：中国和德国的研究人员已经开发出一种特殊的液体来帮助保存士兵的颜色。 设空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$