Unit 9 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 课堂效果检测(一) 3 课后课时作业(一) 6 课后课时作业(二) 7 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测(二) 5 课前预习自检 To Clone or not to Clone? 克隆还是不克隆？ •Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially． 克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。 Natural cloning has been going on for generations． 自然克隆由来已久。 课前预习自检 For example， gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium， such as soil． 例如，园丁们从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养基中，例如土壤，就是一种克隆。 Another example of natural cloning is identical twins， who are produced from the same egg． 自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一个卵子产生的。 课前预习自检 ① _____ vt． 克隆，使无性繁殖　n． 克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 ② _________ adv． 人为地，虚假地 ③ ________ adj． 完全相同的，非常相似的 ④ ____ n． 双胞胎中的一个 ⑤“主(Cloning)系(is)表(the process)”。making an ... animal和developing it ... Artificially为_______短语并列作介词of的宾语，构成介宾短语作_________，修饰process。 clone artificially identical twin 动名词 后置定语 课前预习自检 For years， there had been attempts to clone animals artificially． 多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。 The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996． 第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的名叫多莉的绵羊。 At first， Dolly grew normally， but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals． 起初，多莉发育正常，但后来患上了一种更常见于衰老动物的疾病。 •She lived for six and a half years， only half the life of the sheep from which she was cloned． 她活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。 课前预习自检 ⑥“主(She)谓(lived)”。for six and a half years是______，only half ... was cloned是six and a half years的_______，其中from which she was cloned为“介词＋which”引导______从句，修饰sheep。 状语 同位语 定语 课前预习自检 After Dolly， scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species， including camels， cattle， deer， dogs， goats and mice． 继多莉之后，科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。 However， they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well． 然而，他们在这些物种的克隆动物身上也发现了相似模式的健康问题。 This has led to questions such as， “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？” “Will it continue to happen forever？”． 这引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗？”“这个问题会永远持续下去吗？”。 课前预习自检 ⑦ _______ n． 哺乳动物 ⑧ _____ n． 骆驼 ⑨ _____ n． 牛 ⑩ _____ n． 山羊 ⑪ ______ adv． 永远；长久地 mammal camel cattle goat forever 课前预习自检 In January 2018， the cloning of two long­tailed monkeys， Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua， was announced by Chinese scientists． 2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。 They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes， monkeys， and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! In comparison with other species， cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”， and doing so with non­reproductive cells was even more complicated． 与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长类动物要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖细胞克隆则更为复杂。 课前预习自检 ⑫ _______ n． 灵长目动物 ⑬ ___ n． 猿 ⑭ __________ n． 比较 ⑮ ___________ adj． 繁殖的，生殖的 primate ape comparison reproductive 课前预习自检 Dr． Sun Qiang， director of the research team， said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1，000 monkeys 24 hours a day， 7 days a week for more than 5 years． 研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中，5年多来每周7天，每天24小时照看1，000多只猴子。 There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey． 历经多次失败，他们最终找到了成功克隆猴子的方法。 课前预习自检 •The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health． 他们之所以那么努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展作贡献。 课前预习自检 ⑯ _____ adv． 完全地 ⑰ _____ n． 障碍，壁垒 ⑱ ____ vi．& vt． 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 ⑲ ____ n． 基因 ⑳“主(The reason)系(was)表(to get animals ... human health)”。 they worked so hard to break this technical barrier是 _____从句，修饰先行词reason; that are helpful ... human health是 _____从句，修饰先行词models。 wholly barrier edit gene 定语 定语 课前预习自检 •The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process． 灵长类动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，从而为多种疾病找到治愈办法、也为如何延缓衰老提供线索。 With this technology， we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time， and we can even change their genes to suit research needs． 有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量相同基因的猴子，我们甚至可以改变它们的基因以适应研究需要。 课前预习自检 This could help save research time， reduce the number of animals required for testing， produce more accurate results， and lead to more effective treatments． 这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。 课前预习自检 ____ n． 线索，提示 ________ adj． 准确的，正确的 ________ n． 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 “主(The successful cloning of primates)谓(has led to)宾(worldwide praise)”。 that might lead to ... the aging process是that引导的_____从句，修饰先行词breakthrough； 从句中含有两个并列谓语might lead to和may offer; how to prevent the aging process是“____________________” 结构，作介词on的______。 21 clue accurate treatment 定语 特殊疑问词＋不定式 22 23 24 定语 课前预习自检 Cloning， however， continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions． 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈情绪的问题。 While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement， others raise moral concerns． 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。 They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species， and they worry about the ethical questions this raises． 他们认为这必将导致其他物种的克隆，并且他们担心由此会引发伦理问题。 课前预习自检 _______ vt． 激起，引起 _______ n． 强烈的情感，激情 ______ adj． 至关重要的，关键性的 ______ adj． 很有可能，肯定会 ______ adj． 关于伦理的；合乎道德的 25 provoke emotion crucial bound ethical 26 27 28 29 课前预习自检 For example， they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity． 比如，他们想知道克隆体是被当作物体还是具有独自身份的个体。 •Furthermore， clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior． 而且，克隆体可能会被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。 Finally， they worry that some organizations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes． 最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的而滥用该技术。 课前预习自检 _____ adj． 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 _______ adj． 低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 _____ vt． 滥用，妄用；虐待　n． 滥用；虐待 “主(clones)谓(may be viewed)”。as mere copies of originals是介词短语作______补足语；thus being seen as inferior是结果状语从句的______，补充完整为 thus they are being seen as inferior。 30 mere inferior abuse 主语 省略 31 32 33 课前预习自检 So far， it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up． 到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。 Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced． 研究人员认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。 As Einstein said， “Science is a powerful instrument． 正如爱因斯坦所说：“科学是一种强有力的工具。 How it is used， whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind， depends on mankind and not on the instrument． 如何使用它，它是给人类带来幸福还是灾难，取决于人类，而不取决于工具。 A knife is useful， but it can also kill．” 刀子是有用的，但它也能杀人。” 课前预习自检 _______ n． 福气，幸运 _____ n． 祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 blessing curse 34 35 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 capability n． (完成困难事情的)能力，才能(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①China will continue to provide help to countries in need to the best of its capability． 中国会继续在力所能及范围内向有关国家提供帮助。 ②Animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch/of catching food for themselves． 动物园的动物已经丧失独自捕食的能力。 ③The operating system must be capable of determining the update frequency． 操作系统必须要能够确定更新频率。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He's quite capable ___ lying to get out of trouble． ②I'll leave the organization in your ________ (capability) hands． ③If the law isn’t there， people will drive ______ their capability． (2)单句表达 ①你有能力做得比这更好。 You ____________ better work than this． ②她有耐心倾听孩子说话的能力。 She has ___________________________________________． of capable within are capable of the capability to listen/of listening to children patiently 重点合作探究 2 justify vt． 证明……有道理，为……辩护(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①How can they justify paying such huge salaries? 他们怎能证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的呢？ ②He made a half­hearted attempt to justify himself． 他没有尽力证明自己有理。 ③In my opinion， the decision was wholly justified． 在我看来，这个决定是完全合理的。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①How can we justify ________ (spend) so much money on so many clothes? ②Are you sure that these measures are ________ (justify)? (2)单句表达 ①什么都不能成为犯此错误的正当理由。 Nothing ______________ such a mistake． ②你不必向我解释你的理由。 You don't need to __________________． spending justified justifies making justify yourself to me 重点合作探究 3 infer vt． 推断，推定(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context． 大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。 ②It is reasonable to infer that the government knew about these deals． 有理由推断政府知悉这些交易。 ③We can draw/make inferences from the data given． 我们会根据给出的资料推论出结果。 ④If he is guilty then， by inference， so is his wife． 如果他有罪，那么由此可以推断他的妻子也同样有罪。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I inferred _____ the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident． ②The clear ________ (infer) is that the universe is expanding． ③Our conclusions were arrived at ___ inference， not by direct evidence． (2)单句表达 ①你的言外之意是我不能胜任这份工作吗？ Are you ____________ I'm not capable of doing the job? ②我从她的话里推断出你身体一直不大好。 I ____________ what she said that you have not been well． ③基于文章给的论据，你会得出什么样的推断？ _______________________________ this evidence in this article? from inference by inferring (that) inferred from What inferences can you make from 重点合作探究 4 calculate vt． 计算，核算(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Mothers' devotion to children can hardly be calculated． 母亲对孩子的爱几乎无法计算。 ②Biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide． 生物学家计算出全世界大约有2万到2万5千只北极熊。 ③It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life． 无法估计他对她的生活产生过多大影响。 ④Rates are calculated on an hourly basis． 收费按小时计算。 ⑤It is a question that is calculated to embarrass him． 那是故意要让他难堪的一个问题。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Benefit __________ (calculate) on the basis of average weekly earnings． ②I can't work it out in my head—I need a ________ (calculate)． ③Let’s make a check on his _________ (calculate)． (2)单句表达 ①据估算，去年至少47，000人次失去了工作。 _____________________ at least 47，000 people lost their jobs last year． ②那种话是故意说来伤害她的感情的。 That remark ___________________ her feelings． is calculated calculator calculation It has been calculated that is/was calculated to hurt 重点合作探究 5 participant n． 参加者，参与者(教材P111) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①40 of the course participants are offered employment with the company． 参加课程学习的人中有40名得到了在该公司工作的机会。 ②We want to participate in discussion forums， blogs and other open­ended forums for dialogue． 我们想参与讨论论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛的对话。 ③You should participate with your friend in his sufferings． 你应当分担朋友的苦恼。 ④Only in this way can the critical mass of participation be reached． 只有这样才能凑足参加人数。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I don't know she didn't participate __ the discussion． ②I'd like to participate ____ you in your problems． ③He has been an active _________ (participate) in the discussion． ④A back injury prevented active ___________ (participate) in any sports for a while． (2)单句表达 多参加户外活动对我们的身心健康有很大的帮助。 __________________________________________ is of great help to our physical and mental health． in with participant participation Participating/Participation in more outdoor activities 重点合作探究 6 identical adj． 完全相同的，非常相似的(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Her dress is almost identical to mine． 她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。 ②There's a close identity between fans and their team． 球迷和他们的球队之间有密切的同一性。 ③We need to focus on heightening a sense of identity of the Chinese nation to constantly strengthen ethnic unity． 我们需要着力增强中华民族的民族认同感，不断加强民族团结。 ④There is too much red­tape in obtaining an identity card． 领身份证的手续实在太繁琐了。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The two pictures are similar， although not ________ (identity)． ②The number on the card should be identical _____ the one on the chequebook． ③Truth in the deeper sense consists in the identity between objectivity ___ the notion． (2)单句表达 ①这就是我们去年住的那个房间。 This is _______________ we stayed in last year． ②这是因为人们对自身所处的文化背景有着很深的认同感。 It is because of their cultural background which has ____________________． identical with and the identical room a deep sense of identity 重点合作探究 7 comparison n． 比较(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①They were living well， in comparison with people elsewhere in the world． 和世界上其他地方的人们比起来，他们过着舒适的生活。 ②I guess， compared with most of them， we were well off． 我想，和他们多数人相比，我们是很富有。 ③People always compare the young to the rising sun． 人们总是把年轻人比作初升的太阳。 ④Instant coffee just doesn't compare with freshly ground coffee． 速溶咖啡根本比不上现磨的咖啡。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①But more than that， I now regularly compare my views ____ those of many others． ②But ________ (compare) with previous studies， she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting． ③In _________ (compare) with the French， the British eat far less fish． with compared comparison 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①他从时尚方面比较了伦敦和巴黎。 He _____________________ Paris in terms of fashion． ②莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。 Shakespeare __________________ the stage． ③与她的姐姐比较起来，珍很外向。 ______________________________________， Jane is very outgoing． compared London with/to compared the world to Compared with/In comparsion with her sister 重点合作探究 8 The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health．(教材P52～53) 他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。 剖析 they worked so hard to break this technical barrier是省略关系副词why的定语从句，修饰先行词The reason。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Can you explain me the reason why you are late for school? ＝Can you explain the reason for which you are late for school? 你能给我解释一下你上学迟到的原因吗？ ②Please tell me the reason that made you absent． 请告诉我你缺席的原因。 ③The reason (that) he gave is lame． 他给的理由站不住脚。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①There are a lot of reasons ________ marriages don't continue． ②I won’t listen to the reason _____________ you have given us． (2)单句表达 ①也许我在寻找我存在的理由。 Maybe I am looking for the reason __________． ②导致差别的原因是什么？ What is the reason __________________________？ why/不填 that/which/不填 (why) I exist which/that causes the difference 重点合作探究 9 lead to 导致，造成(后果)；通向；通往(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited resources． 对新技术影响的错误判断会导致有限资源的浪费。 ②They hope to lead a quiet life after retirement． 他们希望退休后过平静的生活。 ③We lead the way in space technology． 我们在航天技术方面处于领先地位。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①His illness led ___ his not being able to attend the meeting． ②I want to know what led you ______ (take) up Japanese when you are in your fifties． (2)单句表达 ①接待员领路来到经理办公室。 The receptionist __________ to the manager's office． ②只有在和平的国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。 Only in peaceful countries can the people _______________． to to take ledthe way lead a happy life 重点合作探究 10 clue n． 线索，提示(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①The police think the videotape may hold some vital clues to the identity of the killer． 警方认为那盘录像带可能录有能确认凶手身份的一些重要线索。 ②Archaeological evidence will provide clues about what the building was used for． 考古证据将为这幢建筑的用途提供线索。 ③I don't have a clue where she lives． 我完全不知道她住在哪里。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Diet may hold the clue ________ the causes of migraine． ②This gave me a clue ___ to the source of the problem． (2)单句表达 她对电脑一窍不通。 She ___________ about computers． to/about as hasn't a clue 重点合作探究 11 accurate adj． 准确的，正确的(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Accurate records must be kept． 必须保存准确的记录。 ②My secretary is accurate in her typing． 我的秘书打字准确无误。 ③You need to hit the ball accurately． 你必须准确地击中球。 ④They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file． 他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：accurate/correct/exact accurate “准确的”，强调审慎、小心地做到与事实相符，同某一客观标准一致，侧重“精确度” correct “正确的，对的”，指符合一般准则的正确无误 exact “确切的”，强调在质量、数量上达到极端正确、准确的程度 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①There is a need to check the ________ (accurate) of these figures． ②You need to hit the ball ________ (accurate)． (2)选词填空(exact/correct/accurate) ①My watch is not very ________． ②I think you've made the ______ decision． ③The _____ measurements of the room are 3 metres 20 by 2 metres 84． (3)单句表达 ①精确地说，有205名记者参会了。 ____________， 205 reporters attended the meeting． ②我们希望在预测地震方面变得更精确。 We hope to become ________________ predicting the earthquakes． accuracy accurately accurate correct exact To be accurate more accurate in/at 重点合作探究 12 treatment n． 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①There are various treatments available for the condition． 对这种病情有各种疗法。 ②Their parents continue to treat them like/as children． 他们的父母仍然把他们当孩子看待。 ③I decide to treat you to ice creams． 我决定请你吃冰淇淋。 ④When I was young， chocolate was a treat． 我年轻的时候，吃巧克力是一种享受。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①All visitors to this village are treated _____ kindness． ②I wish you would stop treating me ______ a child! ③Don’t worry about the cost—it is ____ (I) treat． (2)语段填空 Tom ______________ (接受治疗) in a famous hospital where the doctors ______ ______________(对他很好)． All the doctors ____________________ (把他当作孩子看待) and even ____________________ (请他吃一些水果)． with like/as my is being treated treat him well treat him like/as a child treat him to some fruits 重点合作探究 13 bound adj． 很有可能，肯定会(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①It was bound to happen sooner or later． 这事迟早都是要发生的。 ②There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced． 引进新系统后一定会发生变化。 ③We are not bound by the decision． 我们不受该决定的约束。 ④She is bound up in her own problems． 她忙于处理自己的问题。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's bound _____ (be) sunny again tomorrow． ②You are bound ___ the contract to pay before the end of the month． (2)单句表达 ①你下了这么大工夫，考试绝对没问题。 You've done so much work—you _______________________． ②他工作太忙，没有很多时间陪孩子。 He _______________ his work to have much time for his children． to be by are bound to pass the exam is too bound up in 重点合作探究 14 depend on 取决于；决定于；依靠；信赖；确信；相信；指望(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program． 截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于项目。 ②I'm depending on you to keep your promise． 我相信你会信守诺言的。 ③You can depend on it that all of us will stand by you all the time． 你放心好了，我们大家都会一直支持你的。 ④I don't know if we can help—it all depends． 我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得视情况而定。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He depends on his parents ______ (take) care of his children． ②You can't depend on their ________ (arrive) on time． ③Children depend on their parents ___ food and clothing． ④Our relationship depends ___ mutual trust． (2)单句表达 放心好了，这种事绝不会再发生的。 You can ________________ such things will never happen again． to take arriving for on depend on it that 重点合作探究 15 How it is used， whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind， depends on mankind and not on the instrument．(教材P53) 怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。 剖析 whether ... or ... 引导主语从句。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①To this day， it's unclear whether he shot himself or was murdered．(主语从句) 至今尚不清楚他究竟是饮弹自杀还是被谋杀。 ②The jury is out on whether it is false or it is not true．(宾语从句) 这是否属实仍未得出定论。 ③This happens whether the children are in two­parent or one­parent families．(让步状语从句) 不管孩子是生活在双亲还是单亲家庭，这种情况都会发生。 重点合作探究 ④Whether or not her husband knew will always be a matter for conjecture．(主语从句) 至于她丈夫知道与否，将永远是个谜。 ⑤Every student should consider their own situation to choose whether to do a part­time job (or not)． 每个学生应该考虑他们的自身情况来选择是否要做兼职工作。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Whether you're seeking life­long satisfaction ___ a few moments of good cheer， you've got to move forward． ②Whether that is good ___ bad， we can’t really say， but for the two of us， going green is not a fad but a lifestyle． (2)单句表达 ①有一次，我们不得不决定是去公园野餐还是去博物馆。 Once we were left to decide __________________________________________． ②我还想知道他在太空的感受，以及太空旅行是否像我读到的那么有趣。 I would also like to know how he felt in space and _____________________ is such great fun as I have read． or or whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum whether or not space travel 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The games is an international sporting event with thousands of ___________ (参加者)． 2．You don’t need to _______ (证明……有道理) yourself to me． 3．It is reasonable to _____ (推断) that the government knew about these deals． 4． We are making full preparation to take part in the school _________ (田径运动会)． 5．This is one of the most exciting developments in ________ (生物学) in recent years． 答案 participants justify infer athletics biology 课堂效果检测(一) 6．Lack of confidence is a psychological b______ to success． 7．You can download the file and e___ it on your word processor． 8．A team from the UK were the first to successfully c____ an animal． 9．No two leaves in the world are i________． 10．I think that we will live together f______． 答案 arrier dit lone dentical orever 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．Our ________ (capable) for giving care， love， and attention is limited． 2．It was obvious that his last words _____________ (calculate) to please her． 3．It is as important as fresh air and water for ________ (better)． 4．These past ten years tell a story of ________ (resilient)． 5．Energy and capital are both __________ (artificial) cheap． 答案 capability were calculated betterment artificially resilience 课堂效果检测(一) 6．It is difficult to make a _________ (compare) with her previous book—they are completely different． 7．Not all doctors truly understand the ___________ (reproduction) cycle． 8．The test can ________ (accurate) predict what a bigger explosion would do． 9．Many patients are getting the medical ________ (treat) they need． 10．It’s a ________(bless) that nobody was in the house at the time． 答案 comparison reproductive accurately treatment blessing 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅲ．选词填空 1．My family have lived in this house ____________． 2．_________ 600，000 people were displaced by the tsunami． 3．Government officials clearly deserve some of the blame _______． 4．__________________ the previous study， the new study expanded research subjects． 5．Don’t worry yourself about me， and I can ____________ myself． 6．____________ roads have been blocked by fallen trees． 答案 for generations More than as well In comparison with take care of a great deal of; depend on; be bound to; take care of; more than; for generations; lead to; in comparison with; a number of; as well A number of 课堂效果检测(一) 7．Lack of exercise can _______ feelings of depression and exhaustion． 8．Friends gave me ____________ encouragement． 9．Family relationship ____________ leave its mark on the children． 10．He was the sort of person you could __________． 答案 lead to a great deal of is bound to depend on 课堂效果检测(一) 课时语法精讲——完成时 课时语法精讲——完成时 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．This is the first time (that) I ________ (come) here． 2．In the past few years， many new railways ____________ (lay) down． 3．She __________ (learn) some English before she came to the institute． 4．Hardly had we started when the car ____ (get) a flat tyre． 5．It was the third time (that) he ________ (leave) the key at home． 6．By the end of yesterday， we ___________ (receive) over 1，000 letters from all over the world． 答案 have come have been laid had learned got had left had received 课时语法精讲——完成时 7．Jim ________________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months． 8．Mr Smith， along with his students， ______________ (work) on the project day and night to finish the task ahead of time． 9．She said she ________________ (study) at a private high school in the US for almost two years． 10．The teacher told us that he ________________ (teach) English since he came here． 答案 has been working has been working had been studying had been teaching 课时语法精讲——完成时 语法讲座 1．现在完成时除可以和for， since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months， weeks ...)， in recent years， so far， up to now等。 Their music has become very commercialized in recent years． 他们的音乐近几年非常商业化了。 Up to now he has been very quiet． 到目前为止，他一直很安静。 2．下列句型中常用现在完成时： (1)It has been＋一段时间＋since从句； (2)This (That/It) is the first (second ... ) time that＋现在完成时； 一、现在完成时 课时语法精讲——完成时 (3)This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting ... ＋that＋现在完成时。 This is the first time that Jack has won the first prize in the competition． 这是杰克第一次在比赛中获得第一名。 This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen． 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。 3．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it． 我一写完信就会寄出的。 课时语法精讲——完成时 1．常用过去完成时的几种情况。 (1)句中含有by， by the end of， by the time， until， before， since等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。 By the end of last year， we had produced 20，000 cars． 到去年年底，我们已经生产出两万辆车了。 (2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/ wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即hoped/planned ... ＋to have done。 二、过去完成时 课时语法精讲——完成时 We had planned to finish the work before dark， but we were held up by a heavy rain． ＝We planned to have finished the work before dark， but we were held up by a heavy rain． 我们本打算在天黑前完成这项工作，但是被大雨耽搁了。 (3)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He said his first teacher had retired at least 10 years before． 他说他的启蒙老师至少10年前就退休了。 课时语法精讲——完成时 (4)在hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...， no sooner ... than ... 句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly， scarcely， no sooner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started． ＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started． 我们刚坐下，公交车就开了。 2．在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he (had) left the room， the boss came in． 他离开房间后老板进来了。 课时语法精讲——完成时 1．表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。这种时态多用延续性动词，表示这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。 —Tony， why are your eyes red? —I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes． ——托尼，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？ ——我切了5分钟辣椒。 Have you been waiting long for me? 你等我很久了吗？(动作刚完成) How long have you been living here? 你住在这儿多久了？(动作可能会继续下去) 三、现在完成进行时 课时语法精讲——完成时 2．现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。这时现在完成进行时可用非延续性动词。 I have been ringing you several times in two days． 两天内我给你打过几次电话。 You have been saying you can succeed for three years． 三年来你一直在说你能成功。 3．现在完成进行时有时可指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作。 此时往往暗示这个动作对现在的影响，和现在的情况有联系，常含有一种因果关系。 I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball． 我有些累，刚才一直在打篮球。 课时语法精讲——完成时 表示一直持续到过去某一时间的动作，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。过去完成进行时必须以一个过去时间为前提。 He had been working in a factory before he came to Beijing． 他来北京之前一直在一家工厂上班。 She had been living here before she went to Shanghai． 她去上海之前一直住在这里。 四、过去完成进行时 课时语法精讲——完成时 1．现在完成时与一般过去时 (1)时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ago， last year， just now， the other day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。 (2)结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。 2．过去完成时与一般过去时 过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则只用一般过去时即可。 五、几组时态的区别 课时语法精讲——完成时 3．现在完成时与现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成时表示动作已经完成，现在完成进行时表示动作未完成；现在完成时表示动作的影响，现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性。 课时语法精讲——完成时 表示状态动词、知觉动词和情感动词，如see， feel， know， love等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。 I have been knowing her for a long time．(×) I have known her for a long time．(√) 我认识她很久了。 课时语法精讲——完成时 (2)现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作；现在完成进行时可以表示反复的、不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示具体次数的词连用。 I've been reading this book three times．(×) I've read this book three times．(√) 我已经读过这本书3次了。 课时语法精讲——完成时 4．过去完成时与现在完成时 二者所表示的动作均始于过去。现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响。过去完成时以过去的时间为基点，强调“过去的过去”。若动作截止到现在，用现在完成时；若截止到过去某时，用过去完成时。 Up to now he has been to the Great Wall three times． 迄今为止，他去过长城3次了。 他说他已经去过长城3次了。 课时语法精讲——完成时 单句语法填空 ①Up to now， he ________________ (select) chairman of the Student Union twice in our school． ②During her stay in Hangzhou， Jenny tried almost all the local foods her friends ________________ (recommend)． ③The cost of living ________ (go) up by ten percent before the government took any action． ④No sooner had she got to school _____ she began to clean her classroom． ⑤By the time we got home， the man ________ (leave) with a note on the door， saying “I'll come tomorrow．” has been selected had recommended had gone than had left 课时语法精讲——完成时 ⑥My hands are dirty; I _________________ (paint) the door all the morning． ⑦Mr Smith gave her one of the pills that he ______________ (take) for stomachache or something like that． ⑧They __________________ (arrange) jewellery since eight o'clock and had only just finished when two robbers broke in． ⑨Technology ________ (see) some amazing developments in the last few decades． ⑩It was the first time in a year and a half that I ________ (see) my parents． have been painting had been taking had been arranging has seen had seen 课时语法精讲——完成时 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．The clerk ________________ (expect) a rise in salary from the boss， but he proved a disappointment． 2．I __________ (give) her piano lessons since she was four years old． 3．Great changes _________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years． 4．That was the second time that I ________ (lose) my mobile phone． 5．Britain as well as many other industrial countries， _____________________ __________ (experience) major changes over the last 100 years． 答案 had been expecting have given have taken had lost has been experiencing/has experienced 课堂效果检测(二) 6．For the past few months， we ____________________ (interview) and filming young players about their interest in basketball． 7．This is the third time that he ________ (set) off for America for further study． 8．By the time he was 17 years old， he ______ (set) up a chemistry lab of his own． 9．In the past few months， the man ____________________ (concentrate) all his efforts on finding a solution to the problem． 10．He is the most careful boy that I __________ (know)． 答案 have been interviewing has set had set has been concentrating have known 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅱ．单句表达 1．疯狂的粉丝已经耐心地等了两个小时了，他们还会再等，直到那位电影明星到来。 The crazy fans ______________ patiently for two hours， and they would wait till the movie star arrived． 2．他打电话来的时候，我已经学习了两个小时了。 I ____________ for 2 hours when he called． 3．我本想给他发封电报祝贺他结婚，但未办到。 I _______________________________ him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage， but I didn’t manage it． 答案 had been waiting had studied had hoped to send/hoped to have sent 课堂效果检测(二) 4．我找了好几个星期了——你在哪儿找到的？ I __________________ that for weeks—where did you find it? 5．今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。 What I have seen today ____________________________ on me． 6．他本打算参加皇家婚礼的，但他碰巧要出席另一个关于核污染的国际性会议。 He _________________ the royal wedding， but he happened to have to attend an international meeting on nuclear pollution． 7．非常抱歉，我没能给你提出有用的建议。 I’m awfully sorry that I __________________ a useful suggestion to give you． 答案 have been looking for has made a very deep impression had meant to attend haven't come up with 课堂效果检测(二) 8．我到达车站时，火车已经走了。 By the time I got to the station， the train ________________． 9．我去过印第安人居住的地方。 I ______________________________________ the Indians live． 10．在学校大门口站着一个他从未见过的女孩。 At the school gate stood a girl whom he _____________ before． 答案 had already gone have been to the places (that/where/in which) had never seen 课堂效果检测(二) 课后课时作业（一） Ⅰ　完形填空 When Justin was 7， he suffered from a disease． Over the years， the little boy had gone through a total of five corrective surgeries． Because of the disease， Justin could no longer walk and was __1__ to a wheelchair． But this did not stop him from living a __2__ life thanks to his mother's love and others' help． After entering high school， Justin got interested in playing the __3__ and joined the school's band． He __4__ a strong friendship with his partner Tom in the band． As Thanksgiving Day __5__， the band intended to perform in the Thanksgiving Day Parade and every member had the chance to join in， including Justin． __6__， there was one __7__ problem． Justin could not control his wheelchair and play the trumpet at the same time． Tom __8__ to push Justin during his marches． From then on， the two practiced together． To help Justin， Tom sacrificed (牺牲) far beyond __9__． Apart from losing the chance to perform， he needed to __10__ more time to take care of Justin and even 课后课时作业（一） missed his football training several times． All of these were seen by Justin and the burden of __11__ weighed heavily on his mind． Therefore， he turned to his mother for help． “Mom， could you please push me in the Thanksgiving Day Parade instead of Tom? He __12__ his chance of performing to assist me．” “Sure， my dear！” With Mom's participation， the practice went __13__ and joyfully． Thanksgiving finally came， as did Justin and Mom's performance． The mother and son were indeed a perfect __14__ in the parade， which soon became the center of attention． Sometimes one person may not walk， but love and __15__ can help go anywhere． 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Justin (贾斯汀)因病无法行走，只能坐在轮椅上，但是在母亲和Tom (汤姆)的帮助下，参与了感恩节的乐队表演。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 1．A．limited B．exposed C．admitted D．applied 答案：A　根据上文“Because of the disease， Justin could no longer walk”可知，Justin不能行走，被限制在轮椅上。故选A。 答案 2．A．tough B．normal C．busy D．dangerous 答案：B　句意：但这并没有阻止他在母亲的爱和其他人的帮助下过上正常的生活。tough “艰难的”；normal “正常的”；busy “忙碌的”；dangerous “危险的”。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 3．A．piano B．violin C．trumpet D．erhu 答案：C　根据下文“Justin could not ... at the same time．”可知，Justin对吹小号产生了兴趣。故选C。 答案 4．A．made B．developed C．promoted D．survived 答案：B　根据下文“a strong friendship”可知，Justin和乐队里的伙伴Tom建立了深厚的友谊。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 5．A．approved B．passed C．closed D．approached 答案：D　句意：随着感恩节的临近，乐队打算在感恩节游行中表演，每个成员都有机会参加，包括Justin。approve “批准”；pass “通过”；close “关闭”；approach “接近”。故选D。 答案 6．A．Thus B．Meanwhile C．However D．Anyhow 答案：C　根据下文“Justin could not control his wheelchair”可知，上下文表示转折关系。thus “因此”；meanwhile “同时”；however “然而”；anyhow “无论如何”。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 7．A．apparent B．strange C．appealing D．financial 答案：A　apparent “明显的”；strange “奇怪的”；appealing “吸引人的”；financial “财务的”。根据上文“Because of the disease ... to a wheelchair．”可知，Justin坐在轮椅上，无法同时控制轮椅和吹小号，这是一件很明显的事。故选A。 答案 8．A．suggested B．volunteered C．planned D．ordered 答案：B　suggest “建议”；volunteer “自愿做”；plan “计划”；order “订购”。根据下文“to push Justin during his marches”可知，此处指Tom自愿在游行中推着Justin。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 9．A．competition B．prediction C．contribution D．expectation 答案：D　competition “竞争”；prediction “预测”；contribution “贡献”；expectation “预期，期望”。根据下文“Apart from losing the chance ... his football training several times．”可知，为了帮助Justin，Tom做出了远远超出预期的牺牲。故选D。 答案 10．A．spare B．spend C．waste D．change 答案：A　spare “抽出(时间等)”；spend “花费”；waste “浪费”；change “改变”。根据下文“even missed his football training several times”可知，Tom抽出本应该进行足球训练的时间用来照顾Justin。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 11．A．joy B．guilt C．gratitude D．pity 答案： B　joy “喜悦”；guilt “内疚”；gratitude “感恩”；pity “怜悯”。根据下文“Therefore， he turned to ... instead of Tom？”可知，Justin为了不拖累Tom，向妈妈求助，说明他内心对Tom很内疚。故选B。 答案 12．A．gave away B．gave in C．gave up D．gave out 答案： C　give away “赠送”；give in “屈服，让步”；give up “放弃”；give out “分发，用完”。根据上文“Apart from losing the chance to perform”可知，Tom放弃了表演的机会来照顾Justin。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 13．A．difficultly B．peacefully C．conveniently D．smoothly 答案： D　difficultly “困难地”；peacefully “和平地”；conveniently “方便地”；smoothly “顺利地”。根据上文“With Mom's participation”可知，有了妈妈的帮助，练习进行得顺利且开心。故选D。 答案 14．A．match B．march C．mark D．manner 答案： A　match “相配的人”；march “行进”；mark “标记”；manner “方式”。游行队伍中，Justin在妈妈的推动下，坐在轮椅上吹着小号的画面赢得大家的关注，母子俩配合完美。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 15．A．insistence B．persistence C．assistance D．appearance 答案： C　句意：有时候一个人可能走不了路，但爱和援助可以帮助他去任何地方。insistence “坚决要求”；persistence “毅力”；assistance “援助”；appearance “外表”。故选C。 答案 课后课时作业（一） Ⅱ　阅读 A Planning to go to a gym? If you are one of those who have spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly， then why not choose some home exercises? Here are some home exercises without equipment． Jumping jacks This one is the best home workout without weights， which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs． Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides． Now tuck in your abs (收腹) and jump by bending your knees． At the same time， move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring into line with your shoulders． While you come back you must be in a starting position， feet together， hands at sides and knees bent． You must land on your heels and again jump． 课后课时作业（一） Jogging Jogging is one of the best home exercises without weights． You don't need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise． There are many benefits of jogging． It will work your entire legs． Moreover， it is a classic cardiovascular (心血管的) workout． Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet． Also， you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed． 课后课时作业（一） Rotating (旋转) exercise Start by rotating your wrists， clockwise (顺时针方向地) and anticlockwise． Now， alternately rotate your feet in the same fashion． Now place both your hands on the shoulders and start rotating your shoulders clockwise and anticlockwise． Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back． Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend your knees． Now rest the left leg， lift your right leg and rotate it anticlockwise． 课后课时作业（一） It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement． Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease． Also， putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively． If you get bored with exercises， just dance． After all it's also one of the best home exercises． 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些适合在家锻炼的方法。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 1．While jogging at home， you ________． A．may exercise your body entirely B．had better choose a pair of proper shoes C．should find a space as the jogging track first D．must stick to a fixed time and speed 答案：B　细节理解题。根据Jogging部分中的“Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet．”可知，在家慢跑时，你最好选择一双合适的鞋子。故选B。 答案 课后课时作业（一） 2．What is the right order of your body parts to move during rotating exercise? A．Hands—legs—back—legs． B．Wrists—hands—feet—shoulders． C．Wrists—feet—shoulders—legs． D．Hands—shoulders—knees—legs． 答案：C　细节理解题。根据Rotating (旋转) exercise部分中的“Start by rotating your wrists ... Now， alternately rotate your feet ... and start rotating your shoulders ... Now rest the left leg”可知，在旋转运动中，你身体各部分运动的正确顺序是“手腕——脚——肩——腿”。故选C。 答案 课后课时作业（一） 3．To carry out home exercises continuously， you need ________． A．a good mood and atmosphere B．a good coach C．a professional teacher D．a good timer 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句可知，为运动设定一个完美的心情是很有必要的，这将帮助你坚持常规锻炼和保持兴奋。确保你穿着合适的运动服装来轻松地进行锻炼。此外，播放你最喜欢的音乐会让你锻炼时更加精力充沛。由此可推知，要持续地进行家庭锻炼，你需要一个好心情和气氛。故选A。 答案 课后课时作业（一） B Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared． She said what worried her most wasn't the fear of a long， painful journey to blindness． She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working， as mothers do． The tragedy is that Bushin's condition was preventable and， if caught in time， stoppable． She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma (沙眼)， an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries． Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases， or NTDs， so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases． 课后课时作业（一） All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions． Improved sanitation (环境卫生)， medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs， including trachoma， in some of the world's poorest communities． Preventing， controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty's fire at its base． We know it can be done． Through long­term efforts， several of these NTDs have been stamped__out in some countries such as Laos． To wipe out extreme poverty around the world， many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs． For example， US Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients' appearance or weaken the patients physically． 课后课时作业（一） For Bushin， the story ends well． Through foreign assistance program， she was able to have the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight． The surgery is relatively simple， performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic， and costs less than $300． In return， Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape． Jan． 30 marks the World NTD Day， a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases． The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people． It has been life­changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在国际对外医疗援助项目的救治下，一位患者得以挽救，也使她的家庭免于陷入穷困。这件事说明在对抗贫困地区疾病方面还需要全人类共同努力。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 4．What was the greatest concern of Bushin? A．The possible loss of her eyesight． B．The slim chance of getting rid of poverty． C．The potential inability to support her family． D．The deliberate neglect of her by her parents． 答案： C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She said what worried her most ... keep her from working”可知，Bushin(布什因)最担心的不是漫长痛苦的失明。她担心的是失明会让她无法工作，无法养活家人。故选C。 答案 课后课时作业（一） 5．What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caught． B．Removed． C．Tracked． D．Analyzed． 答案： B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“All NTDs can be controlled ... and interventions．(所有的被忽视的热带疾病都可以通过已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施得到完全控制或治愈。)”，再结合画线短语前的“We know it can be done．(我们知道这是可以做到的。)”可推知，此处是说通过长期的努力，一些热带疾病在一些国家已经被消灭了，由此可推测画线短语的意思是“消灭，去除”。故选B。 答案 课后课时作业（一） 6．In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs? A．Critical． B．Regretful． C．Humorous． D．Positive． 答案： D　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中的“The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people．(全球抗击被忽视的热带疾病的成功对数百万人来说是个好消息。)”可推知，作者对被忽视的热带疾病的治疗态度是积极的、肯定的。故选D。 答案 课后课时作业（一） 7．What can we infer from the text? A．NTDs could be cured earlier than expected． B．Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected． C．Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue． D．International cooperation is a must for treating a disease． 答案： B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She feared being unable ... keep her from working”和第二段中的“Preventing， controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty's fire at its base．(预防、控制和治疗这些疾病，从根本上扑灭了贫困之火。)”并结合常识可推知，因疾病而无法工作会导致贫穷，由于贫穷会使疾病无法得到治疗，即贫穷和疾病在很大程度上相互关联。故选B。 答案 课后课时作业（一） Ⅲ　应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校英语报正在举办主题为“Lead a Healthy Life”的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．你对健康生活的理解； 2．健康生活的意义； 3．发出倡议。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 课后课时作业（一） Lead a Healthy Life ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 课后课时作业（一） [精彩范文] Lead a Healthy Life As we know， a healthy life is important to us． In many ways， our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made． So we should form good habits， such as avoiding being involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse， keeping early hours and having the confidence to be ourselves． In addition， to prevent mobile phones from dominating our life is essential． A healthy life is the basis for working hard and achieving happiness． Good health not only makes us more beautiful， but happier， too． So I hope everyone can lead a healthier life and have a brighter future． 答案 课后课时作业（一） 课后课时作业（二） Ⅰ　阅读 Now， the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two drugs that may slow the cognitive decline destroying the lives of millions of Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默病) patients． But both approvals are highly controversial． They were only based on the drugs' ability to remove plaques (斑块)， which were thought to be the underlying cause of the disease． Also， the drugs are expensive， can cause adverse side effects， and may have modest benefits． Some experts argue that the treatment benefits don't clearly outweigh the risks． 课后课时作业（二） 135 For years， getting rid of plaques has been the primary focus of research and drug development． But the approvals have aroused a debate over whether this is the best way to attack the disease． Many scientists note that the result so far is just two drugs with limited efficiency， and they have called for far more funding to look for other theories． The drug the FDA approved on Jan． 6， 2023， known as lecanemab， is the first to show evidence of slowing cognitive decline in clinical trials． The other drug， known as aducanumab， was shown to remove plaques， but was not proven to arrest the loss of cognitive ability． But lecanemab's promise has been clouded by the death of three patients in an extension of the study． 课后课时作业（二） 136 Matthew Schrag， a neurologist， thinks that the benefits are modest at best． The researchers used an 18­point clinical dementia rating scale to assess a patient's memory and problem solving skills among other aspects of cognitive and functional performance; the higher the score， the worse the dementia． Those on lecanemab scored 1．21 whereas those taking the placebo (安慰剂) averaged 1．66， which shows that those taking the drug experienced 27 percent less cognitive decline． 课后课时作业（二） 137 “The question is whether the average patient in a clinic would notice that benefit，” Schrag says． “I don't think they would．” More importantly， it's the drug's safety that concerns him． “I think we're just beginning to see the tip of the iceberg with the risks．” Schrag and others are not convinced they are central to delaying or arresting disease progression． 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两种在治疗效果方面富有争议的阿尔茨海默病药物。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（二） 138 1．What can make the approvals controversial? A．The drugs' low price． B．The drugs' benefits of improving cognition． C．The drugs' effects． D．The drugs' ability to cause plaques． 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They were only based ... may have modest benefits．”可知，药物只是基于其去除斑块的能力，但是，药物很贵，可能有不良副作用，好处也不太多，由此可推知，让批准引起争议的地方在于药物的效果。故选C。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 139 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? A．Lecanemab's future is promising． B．The two drugs are beneficial to Alzheimer． C．Few money are needed to seek alternative theories． D．Aducanumab can arrest the loss of cognitive ability． 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The drug the FDA approved ... the loss of cognitive ability．”可知，lecanemab在临床测试中显示出了减缓认知能力下降的证据，而aducanumab则被证明可以去除斑块，由此可推知，这两种药物对患有阿尔茨海默症的病人是有用的。故选B。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 140 3．Which of the following statements may Matthew Schrag agree with? A．A large quantity of risks is waiting for us to explore． B．Average patients can notice the benefits unquestionably． C．Scientists are central to delaying the disease progression． D．Patients receiving lecanemab lost 27 percent of their cognitive ability． 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think we're just beginning to see the tip of the iceberg with the risks．”可知，在Matthew Schrag看来，目前只看到了药物带来的一小部分风险，由此可推知，药物所带来的大量的风险等待着我们去探索。故选A。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 141 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The limited efficiency of two new drugs． B．Researches conducted to test two new drugs． C．The potential dangers Alzheimer's patients face． D．Matthew Schrag's distinctive insight of the Alzheimer． 答案：A　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了两种在治疗效果方面富有争议的阿尔茨海默病药物。由此可推知，A项(两种新药的疗效有限。)概括文章大意。故选A。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 142 Ⅱ　七选五 Brainstorming really can play a role in your studies． It can help open up your imagination． __1__ You can brainstorm alone or in a group; either way can help increase the number of ideas you come up with． For instance， you can try free­writing． Write your problem at the top of a page． Once you do that， just begin writing． __2__ Using this technique can help get your ideas flowing， as well as help you make connections you haven't thought of． When you've spent at least 10 or 15 minutes free­writing or when you feel like you've reached a stopping point， look back over your writing and highlight or circle anything that might be useful． 课后课时作业（二） 143 __3__You can start with your problem in the center within a circle． Use a line to branch off the main idea with another idea． Group like ideas together with lines． Start new branches for new ideas． This technique is also good for making connections， especially since you can represent it visually． Individual brainstorming is the most effective when you need to solve a simple problem， generate a list of ideas， or focus on a broad issue． __4__In a group， be sure to brainstorm before you get together so you have some time to think． Make sure to avoid criticizing or rewarding ideas as that can stop people from bringing up ideas and limiting creativity． The leader can throw out a topic or problem， and then the group can bounce ideas off each other． Will the ideas be good or not too good? __5__ The deeper analysis you have made， the higher it should be to fix the problem to your benefit． 课后课时作业（二） 144 A．Analyzing is an important step． B．You can see different solutions． C．Taking notes is very necessary． D．Another way to brainstorm is to make a concept tree． E．Don't criticize， just write whatever comes to your mind． F．Group brainstorming is often more effective for solving complex problems． G．Ask yourself what really matters， then move your daily activities in that direction． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明头脑风暴在学习中的重要作用，并就如何有效实施头脑风暴提出了几条建议。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（二） 145 1．B　根据设空处上两句“头脑风暴真的可以在你的学习中发挥作用，它可以帮助你开启想象力”可知，作者在开篇点明文章主题，介绍头脑风暴的作用。B项(你能看到不同的解决方案。)切题，该项中的“You can”与下一句中的“You can”相呼应。故选B。 2．E　根据上文提到的“你可以尝试自由书写”和“一旦你做了，就开始写”可知，运用头脑风暴解决问题时，思维要开阔，不受约束和局限。E项(不要批判，想到什么就写什么。)切题，该项中的“just write whatever”与上文中的“free­writing”相呼应。故选E。 3．D　根据下文“你可以从圈内的中心点开始你的问题。用一条线从中心观点分叉到另一个观点”可知，本段描述的是开始头脑风暴时，制作概念树的过程。D项(另一种头脑风暴的方法是制作概念树。)切题。故选D。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 146 4．F　根据上文提到“当你需要解决一个简单的问题，列出一系列想法或专注于一个宽泛的问题时，个人的头脑风暴是最有效的”，承接上文，接下来该谈到的可能是集体头脑风暴。F项(集体头脑风暴通常对解决复杂问题更有效。)切题，该项中的“Group brainstorming”与下一句的“In a group”相呼应。故选F。 5．A　根据下一句“你的分析越深入，以对你有利的方式解决问题的可能性就越高”可知，A项(分析是一个重要的步骤。)切题，该项中的“Analyzing”与下文“analysis”呼应。故选A。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 147 Ⅲ　语法填空 Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29th， 2022． This unique culture， __1__ (compose) of knowledge， skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations， picking of tea leaves， and the processing， drinking and sharing of tea， is the 43th entry from China on the list， whose total tops all other countries． The tea finally received top­level global __2__ (recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind， which __3__ (appeal) to the world for thousands of years． 课后课时作业（二） 148 According to UNESCO， in China traditional tea processing techniques are __4__ (close) associated with geographical location and natural environment， resulting __5__ six categories in China—green， black， yellow， oolong， white and dark． __6__ an official document explained， tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people's daily life． Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships through tea­related activities __7__ (share) among multiple ethnic groups， and provide __8__ sense of identity and continuity for communities， groups and __9__ (individual) concerned． 课后课时作业（二） 149 In China， it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture， with over 3，000 graduates __10__ (specialize) in tea production and art every year． 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统制茶技艺及其发展。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（二） 150 1．composed　考查非谓语动词。be composed of “由……组成”，此处应省去be，用过去分词作culture的后置定语。故填composed。 2．recognition　考查词性转换。此处应用名词作received的宾语，recognition “认可”，是不可数名词。故填recognition。 3．has appealed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，用现在完成时，主语which指代先行词a shared cultural treasure of mankind，助动词用has。故填has appealed。 4．closely　考查词性转换。修饰形容词associated，应用副词，closely“密切地”。故填closely。 5．in　考查介词。result in “结果是，导致”。故填in。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 151 6．As　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后文整个主句陈述的内容，且意为“正如”，应用关系代词as引导；位于句首首字母大写。故填As。 7．are shared　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语practices与share之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are shared。 8．a　考查冠词。a sense of ... “一种……感觉”。故填a。 9．individuals　考查名词。根据前文communities和groups可知，应用名词复数，与其并列作宾语。故填individuals。 10．specializing　考查非谓语动词。specialize 和graduates之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填specializing。 答案 课后课时作业（二） 152 Ⅳ　概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 The Science of Tears Sometimes， you just can't help it． Maybe you're watching a sad movie， or thinking about the friend who moved away． Next thing you know， there is a lump in your throat， your eyes are watering， and you have tears running down your cheeks． Why do people cry when they are emotional? What are tears? Scientists are working hard to find the answersto these questions． Ad Vingerhoets is a professor of psychology at Tilburg University， in the Netherlands． He is one of the few scientists in the world who has studied crying． 课后课时作业（二） 153 According to Vingerhoets， there are three types of tears． Basal tears are the first type． They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world． Next are reflex tears． They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them． Finally， there are emotional tears． “These are released in response to emotional states，” explains Vingerhoets． “Especially when we feel helplessness．” Scientists believe that crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other． “Humans are very complex social creatures，” says Lauren Bylsma， a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh， in Pennsylvania． “It seems that tears serve to elicit help and support from others．” 课后课时作业（二） 154 She says another reason we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal． It takes a long time to grow up． Vingerhoets agrees． “I think that the reason humans shed emotional tears has to do with our prolonged childhood，” he says． “That's the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care． The major advantage of tears is that you can target them at a specific person．” 课后课时作业（二） 155 Vingerhoets says this ability to target someone could have come in handy in prehistoric times， when humans were living among dangerous animals． Loud， vocal crying could attract predators． Tears were a safer way to get attention． “In this case， it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help，” he says． Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry． According to Bylsma， there is still much more to discover． “It's surprising，” she says， “how much we still don't know．” ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了眼泪的三种类型及为什么人类会流泪。 写前导读 课后课时作业（二） 156 [精彩范文] The article tries to explain why humans get weepy． (要点1) It is common for humans to cry． Scientists classify tears into three types: basal tears， reflex tears and emotional tears， all of which play different roles． (要点2) One reason why people cry is that humans are social creatures who rely on each other for support． Another reason is that humans grow up slowly， during which we need love， protection and care． Crying is a signal to need special attention． (要点3) Crying still remains a mystery now． (要点4) 答案 课后课时作业（二） 157 R $$