选择性必修第3册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY 作业40（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（北师大版）

**基本信息** 聚焦语篇理解与题型突破，整合细节定位、推理归纳及逻辑衔接等解题方法，构建从基础信息到高阶思维的能力训练体系。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇12题（A篇人物故事、B篇科普实验、C篇新闻报道）|细节题定位原文关键句、推理题分析段落主旨、词义题结合上下文语境|以语篇主题为载体，从具体信息识别到深层含义推断，层层递进训练语言理解与思维品质| |七选五|1篇5题（室内植物养护建议）|空格前后逻辑关系分析（转折、例证、总结）、段落主题句定位|围绕生活场景，通过衔接词与语义连贯构建语篇结构，提升信息整合与逻辑思维能力|

作业(四十) (限时：30分钟) 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·山东济南三模)Esther Kimani, a 29­year­old pioneer in agritech, is changing the lives of smallholder farmers across Africa.As the founder of Farmer Lifeline Technologies (FLT), she has applied artificial intelligence (AI) to fight against crop pests (害虫) and diseases, significantly reducing losses for rural farmers. Kimani's journey began in a small Kenyan village on the Aberdare Mountains.Witnessing firsthand the severe impact of pests and diseases on their crops—and consequently, their income—she understood early how agricultural losses could mean unmet basic needs like school fees and healthcare.Despite these challenges, Kimani became the first girl from her village to attend university, studying computer science.It was there that she recognized the potential of technology to solve rural farmers' struggles, and that's how FLT was born. In Kenya alone，7.5 million smallholder farmers lose up to 50% of their yield (产量) to pests and diseases annually—losses that could feed millions.Traditional solutions like hiring agricultural consultants or using drones (无人机) are prohibitively expensive.To solve this critical issue, she developed an AI­powered camera, which is set up on farms at no upfront cost.It scans crops continuously and warns farmers through Short Message Service (SMS) for $3 per month when pests or diseases are detected. A key focus for Kimani is supporting women farmers, who make up 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing nations, but who often lack access to technology.“Men in rural communities tend to have smartphones, while women rely on basic feature phones，” she notes.“Through SMS, we ensure women aren't left behind.” Kimani's innovation has already impacted thousands of farmers, 78% of whom have reported a yield increase of over 36%.Her team aims to reach 200 thousand farms across the country within five years.For Kimani, success in 2030 means seeing 200 thousand smallholder farmers living with dignity—affording education, healthcare, and financial stability through improved yields.Kimani is not just building a company; she's reshaping the future of African agriculture. 1．Why did Kimani found FLT? A．To fund rural farmers. B．To transform farming. C．To expand AI industry. D．To research crop types. 2．How does the AI­powered camera help farmers? A．By sending them timely warnings. B．By connecting them to consultants. C．By controlling drones to scan crops. D．By driving pests away automatically. 3．What is an advantage of Kimani's innovation? A．Equal access. B．Tailored service. C．Large storage. D．Easy maintenance. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Financial policies affect agriculture. B．African agriculture will take the lead. C．Kimani will pursue further education. D．Kimani's innovation powers a bright future. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了29岁的农业技术先驱Esther Kimani通过创立Farmer Lifeline Technologies (FLT)，利用人工智能技术帮助非洲小农户对抗作物病虫害，显著减少损失并改善农民生活的故事。 1．解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was there that she recognized the potential of technology to solve rural farmers' struggles, and that's how FLT was born.”可知，Kimani创立FLT的初衷是通过技术解决农民的困境，即改造农业。故选B。 答案　B 2．解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It scans crops continuously and warns farmers through Short Message Service (SMS) for $3 per month when pests or diseases are detected.”可知，AI摄像头通过向农民发送及时警告来帮助他们。故选A。 答案　A 3．解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Kimani的创新确保了女性农民也能被纳入技术帮助的范围内，即体现了平等获取技术帮助的优势。故选A。 答案　A 4．解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句可知，Kimani的创新已经取得了显著成效，并且她的团队有着明确的目标和愿景，即改善更多农民的生活。由此可推知，Kimani的创新将推动农业走向光明前景。故选D。 答案　D B (2026·山东潍坊模拟)Previously thought to be an exclusively human skill, knowing when a friend could use a clue appears to be a talent we share with our primate (灵长类) cousins.Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland observed bonobos (倭黑猩猩) in a recent study point human experimenter in the direction of treats they wished to swallow up. In the study's experiments, three male bonobos took turns to play a game with an experimenter where treats were hidden under upturned cups — sometimes while the experimenter was watching, and sometimes not.If the experimenter found the treat, it would be given to the bonobo, providing a motivation for the bonobos to share what they knew. The experiments showed the bonobos were more likely to gesture and to point more quickly at the cup hiding the treat when the experimenter didn't know which cup hid the treat.It seems like a simple action, but it's actually a new insight into how our closest relatives can think and assess the perspective of others.Previous studies have observed the bonobos warning their companions of danger, but these recent experiments remove elements of group mentality and survival ability, exploring cognitive functions of individuals. “The ability to sense gaps in one another's knowledge is at the heart of our most advanced social behaviors, central to the ways we cooperate, communicate, and work together strategically，” says psychologist Chris Krupenye. “What we've shown here is that bonobos will communicate with a partner to change their behavior, but a key open question for further research is whether they are also pointing to change their partner's mental state or their beliefs，” says psychologist Luke Townrow.This theory of mind — the capacity to understand that others have mental states of belief or perspective that might be different to one's own — has typically been thought to distinguish human cognition from that of other animals. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现倭黑猩猩可以判断他人的知识状况并且提供线索，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。 5．What is a task of the experimenter? A．Monitor the treats. B．Pick out the cup with treats. C．Signal to the bonobos. D．Hide the treats under a cup. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，实验者的任务是选一个有零食的杯子。故选B。 答案　B 6．In which aspect did bonobos react differently in the experiments? A．The eagerness of their gestures. B．The responses to getting the treats. C．The flexibility of their movements. D．The use of their different body parts. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“The experiments showed the bonobos were more likely to gesture and to point more quickly at the cup hiding the treat when the experimenter didn't know which cup hid the treat.”可知，就他们的手势的渴望程度而言倭黑猩猩的反应是不同的，故选A。 答案　A 7．What's the finding of the study? A．Bonobos can warn others of danger. B．Bonobos have a sense of community. C．Bonobos are good at using body language. D．Bonobos can judge others' state of knowledge. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous studies have observed the bonobos warning their companions of danger, but these recent experiments remove elements of group mentality and survival ability, exploring cognitive functions of individuals.”可知，这项研究发现倭黑猩猩可以判断他人的知识状况。故选D。 答案　D 8．What key question will the further study explore about bonobos? A．How they form their perspectives. B．How they communicate with others. C．Whether they can influence others'mind. D．Whether they can develop mental beliefs. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，进一步研究将探索倭黑猩猩是否能影响别人的思想。故选C。 答案　C C (2026·吉林白城信息卷)California sea lions have taken over a popular beach, causing local authorities to close the area indefinitely.Hundreds of the ocean mammals (哺乳动物) are gathering together on San Carlos Beach, a public park managed by the city of Monterey on California's central coast.Until the sea lions decide to leave, beachgoers and divers will have to find somewhere else to sunbathe and swim.The creatures, which are taking a break from their northward migration (迁徙), typically stay for about a month. City staffers are working with experts at the Monterey Bay National Ocean Reserve to keep tabs on the situation.The reserve stretches across much of the central coast of California, including the waters off San Carlos Beach.So far, tourists and residents have been respectful of the closure.Many people have dropped by to catch a glimpse and take photos of these mammals. Since 1972, sea lions and other creatures have been safeguarded by the Federal Ocean Mammal Protection Act, which makes it illegal for humans to harm, feed or kill ocean mammals in the United States.As such, local officials have encouraged sea lion enthusiasts to give the animals a wide room of at least 150 feet.People just need to think about how they would feel if they were resting on their bed taking a nap and something big kept coming and chasing them out of the house. The sea lions on San Carlos Beach are part of the group that breeds (繁殖) on the Channel Islands off the coast of Southern California.They journey northward at the end of every summer, but they don't often take up residence on San Carlos Beach.Usually, they hang out closer to Monterey's Fisherman's Wharf or on other nearby sandy shorelines. Monterey serves as a place where the sea lions can eat fish before continuing onward to Northern California.“Everyone seems to be really understanding that we have to share the area with other species, so we're just managing it until the sea lions decide it's time to go back，” said Laurie Huelga, a spokeswoman for the city. [语篇解读]　这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加利福尼亚海狮聚集在圣卡洛斯海滩，导致海滩关闭，当地工作人员关注情况，同时介绍了相关保护法案，强调人类要与动物共存。 9．Why have the sea lions gathered on San Carlos Beach? A．To breed and raise their young. B．To have a rest during their migration. C．To avoid being killed in deeper waters. D．To search for food provided by divers. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，海狮聚集在圣卡洛斯海滩是为了在迁徙途中休息。故选B。 答案　B 10．What do the words “keep tabs on” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Watch.　　　　　 B．Review. C．Change. D．Comprehend. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“City staffers are working with experts at the Monterey Bay National Ocean Reserve to keep tabs on the situation.”中“City staffers are working with experts”和“the situation”可推知，城市工作人员和专家合作是为了密切关注海狮的情况，故画线短语keep tabs on的意思是“密切关注”，故选A。 答案　A 11．What does the Federal Ocean Mammal Protection Act prohibit? A．Photographing at the beach. B．Leaving room for animals. C．Ill­treating ocean mammals. D．Diving in deep water. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，联邦海洋哺乳动物保护法禁止虐待海洋哺乳动物。故选C。 答案　C 12．What does Laurie Huelga imply in the last paragraph? A．Beach closure brings arguments. B．Sea lion migration patterns are worrying C.It takes pains to protect wildlife. D．Humans need to coexist with animals. 解析　推理判断题。通读第三段可知，Laurie Huelga明确表示每个人都真正理解我们必须与其他物种共享这片区域，暗示了人类需要与动物共存。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·山东泰安模拟)Just because our plant friends live inside with us doesn't mean that they have forgotten what it is to be a plant.They may not react to the seasons as dramatically as their cousins outside do. 13 So if you are mad about an unhappy plant in winter, take it easy! Here are four important things to get your green babies to spring. Water less frequently.Since plants are considerably less active during the winter months, they do not need as much water.Root­ruining overwatering is one of the most common causes of death for indoor plants.This doesn't mean completely ignoring them, but only water when the soil is dry. 14 Watch the humidity (湿度).Many houseplants like to live in humid environments.In winter, with heaters and fireplaces burning, a lack of humidity can be a problem. 15 As we know it tends to be one of the more humid places in a house.You can also increase humidity by grouping plants together to create a microclimate or use a humidifier near them. 16 While houseplants may love the windowsill for its light, they do not love the windowsill for its drafts and cold air.Likewise, they don't love being near heat sources like heating pipes, radiators, and fireplaces.In a perfect houseplant world, day temperatures should range from 65 to 75 degrees and drop to no lower than 50 degrees at night. Dust and tidy­up regularly.We generally think that insect problems would be more a problem in summer.But as it turns out, houseplants are more sensitive to insects in winter because they go into that state of dormancy (冬眠). 17 So make sure you're wiping the leaves regularly with a damp cloth.And remove any dead or yellowing leaves with a pair of clean, sharp scissors. A．Keep a steady temperature. B．But they still feel the changes. C．Put your plants in your bathroom. D．It is normal and crucial to change the pots. E．Insects love to hide in the dust on the plant leaves. F．You can expect a decline in growth and even leaf drop. G．You can test this by putting your finger 2 inches into the soil. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章针对冬季室内植物养护，从浇水频率、适度调节、温度保持以及定期清洁四个方面给出了建议。 13．解析　根据上文“They may not react to the seasons as dramatically as their cousins outside do.”可知，室内植物不会像外面的同类植物那样对季节有剧烈的反应。B 选项与上文构成转折关系，且能引出下文“So if you are mad about an unhappy plant in winter, take it easy！”。故选B。 答案　B 14．解析　根据上文“This doesn't mean completely ignoring them, but only water when the soil is dry.”可知，此处讲述的是何时浇水的问题。G选项中的“test this”指代上文判断土壤是否干燥，进一步说明了如何判断土壤是否干燥。故选G。 答案　G 15．解析　根据下文“As we know it tends to be one of the more humid places in a house.”可知，浴室是房子里比较潮湿的地方之一。C选项“Put your plants in your bathroom.”能引出下文对浴室潮湿的描述。故选C。 答案　C 16．解析　根据下文可知，本段主要讲的是室内植物对温度的要求，故选A。 答案　A 17．解析　根据上文“But as it turns out, houseplants are more sensitive to insects in winter because they go into that state of dormancy (冬眠).”可知，室内植物在冬天对昆虫更敏感。下文“So make sure you're wiping the leaves regularly with a damp cloth.”提到用湿布擦拭叶子。E选项“Insects love to hide in the dust on the plant leaves.”解释了为什么冬天要擦拭叶子，因为昆虫喜欢藏在叶子灰尘里，且与上文提到的昆虫问题相呼应。故选E。 答案　E 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $