精品解析：2025届上海市长宁区高三上学期一模英语试题

2024学年第一学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 （考试时间105分钟；满分115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the links to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each plank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, ____1____(take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves ____2____(grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, ____3____ gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ____4____ extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants ____5____ they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain ____6____(fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once ____7____(stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding____8____(require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost ____9____ can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. _____10_____ shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. 【答案】1. take 2. growing 3. which 4. on##for##during##amid 5. wherever/where 6. to fill 7. stuffed 8. is required 9. anything##everything 10. Whatever##What 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了容器园艺的好处。 【1题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果是这种情况，请考虑进行容器园艺。前文If引导条件从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。故填take。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法是把植物种在花盆和容器里，而不是在地里。involve后接动名词作宾语。故填growing。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：事实上，一个阳光充足的室内厨房窗台非常适合种植一些小植物，它可以让你在准备食物时轻松获取草药和蔬菜。空格后面的句子“gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整个句子，因此使用关系代词which。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “on + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用for“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填on/for/during/amid。 【5题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：容器可以让你把植物放在它们生长最佳的地方。空处引导地点状语从句，用连词wherever/where。故填wherever/where。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有了容器，你几乎肯定会用肥沃的土壤填满它们。be certain to do something是固定用法，表示有把握做某事。故填to fill。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦装满，大容器就会变得很重。本句为Once引导状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once large containers are stuffed，省略了主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故填stuffed。 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：一个最大的好处是，几乎不需要除草。空格处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且little or no weeding与require为被动关系。故填is required。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：人们也喜欢几乎所有东西/任何东西都可以用作容器这一事实。根据句意可知，不定代词anything或者everything做主语。故填anything/everything。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：能展示你的园艺技能和创造力的是一个容器花园。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用连接词whatever/what。符合句意。故填Whatever/What。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adaptable B. broadened C. dramatically D. handful E. inevitably F. likelihood G. maintained H. perception I. properly J. remarkable K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) ____11____ of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not ____12____: one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but ____13____ that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her ____14____ that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team ____15____ the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the ____16____ of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised ____17____ in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell ____18____. Sobel says this may be further proof as to how ____19____ the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour ____20____. Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. 【答案】11. D 12. J 13. G 14. K 15. B 16. F 17. C 18. I 19. A 20. H 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关嗅觉的新发现。原本人们认为位于大脑前部的嗅球在人类的嗅觉能力中起着至关重要的作用，但研究人员发现了少量女性虽然没有嗅球，却有着完全正常的嗅觉。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员现在发现了一组嗅觉完全正常但似乎缺乏嗅球的女性。分析句子可知，此空可填名词，handful ，表“少数”，“a handful of” 表示 “少量的，几个”，符合句意。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该团队，包括美国阳光科学研究所的Tali Weiss和Noam Sobel，表示嗅球的缺失是不寻常的，但并不显著：每10000人中就有一人没有嗅球，但我们曾认为没有嗅球的人不能闻到气味。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，remarkable，表“显著的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，在一项关于嗅觉和生殖能力之间可能联系的研究过程中，研究小组遇到了一名29岁的女性，她与众不同：她缺乏嗅球，但坚称自己的嗅觉仍然非常好。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，maintained，表“断言”，为maintain的过去式，符合句意。故选G项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员对她的每一项测试都表明，她确实有很好的辨别气味的能力，尽管她缺乏通常认为必要的嗅球。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与后面保持一致用一般过去时，suggested，表“表明”，为suggest的过去式，符合句意。故选K项。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：该团队扩大了调查范围，发现了更多这样的女性，但根本没有男性。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，broadened ，表“扩大”，为broaden的过去式，符合句意。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员估计，在没有这些大脑结构的情况下，女性能够正常嗅觉的可能性约为0.6%。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，likelihood，表“可能性”，为名词，符合句意。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，左撇子女性发生这种情况的可能性大大增加。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，dramatically，表“显著地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：在左撇子中，缺乏嗅球的女性有大约4%的机会仍然能够正常嗅觉。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，properly，表“适当地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑的适应能力：如果它没有嗅球，它可以识别自己，这样其他大脑区域就可以承担气味感知的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，adaptable，表“能适应的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑适应能力：如果它没有嗅球，它可以识别自己，这样其他大脑区域就可以承担气味感知的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作介词宾语，perception，表“感知”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the ____21____. One barrier to rural health care is ____22____. Rural communities are ____23____ far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding ____24____ can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals ____25____ that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. ____26____, the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help ____27____ some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in ____28____. Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, ____29____, can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. ______30______ health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often ______31______ than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider ______32______ larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to ______33______ outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is ______35______, these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 21. A. affection B. medication C. inequality D. necessity 22. A. poverty B. environment C. administration D. transportation 23. A. by chance B. by definition C. by contrast D. by necessity 24. A. potential patients B. public service C. medical staff D. reputable experts 25. A. conclude B. predict C. demand D. propose 26. A. Subsequently B. However C. Meanwhile D. Consequently 27. A. sustain B. lessen C. detect D. indicate 28. A. depressed areas B. monitored centres C. other locations D. border regions 29. A. moreover B. otherwise C. therefore D. nevertheless 30. A. Modern B. Mobile C. Mechanical D. Multiple 31. A. cheaper B. less crowded C. fancier D. more endurable 32. A. transitioning to B. competing against C. partnering with D. investing in 33. A. relax B. practice C. specialize D. volunteer 34. A. as opposed to B. as well as C. regardless of D. prior to 35. A. solvable B. urgent C. critical D. complex 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了农村医疗的困难和复杂性以及解决措施。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在发达国家和发展中国家都是如此，非营利组织正在努力解决这一不平等问题。A. affection感情；B. medication 药物；C. inequality不平等；D. necessity 必需品。根据上文“People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities”可知，非营利组织正在努力解决不平等问题。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：农村医疗保健的一个障碍是交通。A. poverty贫困；B. environment环境；C. administration管理；D. transportation交通。根据下文“so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors”可知，交通是个障碍。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：根据定义，农村社区远离人口中心，这意味着大多数小城镇没有大医院，因此农村居民需要走很远的路去看医生。A. by chance偶然；B. by definition按照定义；当然地；明显地；C. by contrast对比；D. by necessity由于无法改变的条件。根据下文“far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals”可知，这是对农村医疗条件的定义。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：即使在农村社区有医院，医生往往更喜欢住在大城市，所以寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。A. potential patients潜在患者；B. public service公共服务；C. medical staff医护人员；D. reputable experts信誉良好的专家。根据上文“doctors often prefer to live in larger cities”可知，寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于每个专科医生只能接诊所有患者中的一小部分，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生，因此不雇佣专科医生。A. conclude 断定，推断出；B. predict预测；C. demand要求；D. propose建议。根据上文“Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients”可知，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，确实需要专科医生的病人被迫长途跋涉，或者没有得到必要的治疗。A. Subsequently随后；B. However然而；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Consequently因此。根据句意可知，前后句子为因果关系。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。A. sustain维持；B. lessen减少；C. detect发现；D. indicate表明。根据上文“A variety of developments”可知，各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：其中一个重要的是远程医疗——利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。A. depressed areas落后地区；B. monitored centres监控中心；C. other locations其他地点；D. border regions边境地区。根据下文“Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close”以及常识可知，利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项技术对心理健康护理、手术后的随访预约和长期健康问题的监测都很有用。A. moreover此外；B. otherwise否则；C. therefore因此；D. nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，前后句子为转折关系。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些地区，流动诊所被用来帮助那些难以去看医生的人。A. Modern现代的；B. Mobile活动的，可移动的；C. Mechanical 机械（方面）的；D. Multiple多个的，多种的。根据下文“These traveling health units”可知，这里指流动诊所。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜，因为它们不需要为许多设施付费。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. less crowded不拥挤的；C. fancier更华丽的；D. more endurable更耐用。根据下文“because they do not pay for as many facilities.”可知，这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。A. transitioning to转向；B. competing against竞争；C. partnering with合作；D. investing in投资。根据下文“These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff.”可知，缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作，为那些愿意在城市以外从事专业工作的医生提供略高的工资或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice从业；C. specialize专门；D. volunteer志愿。根据上文“offering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们还可能根据帮助病人的有效性来奖励医院，而不是根据医院执行的手术数量来支付费用。A. as opposed to相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless of不管；不顾；D. prior to之前。根据上文“They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform.”可知，表示相反的情况。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然农村医疗问题很复杂，但这些举措可能有助于为大城市以外的人提供必要的治疗。A. solvable可解决的；B. urgent紧急的；C. critical关键的；D. complex复杂的。根据上文的叙述了可知，提到了医疗人员短缺，交通问题，贫困问题，所以农村医疗问题很复杂。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 and lash out when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it. When I spoke to four students at Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, Calif., as part of my nation-wide teen listening tour, they told me they make conscious choices about who they share things with on social media, how they manage their accounts and how they handle their own burnout. While teens generally acknowledge that social media helps them keep up with their friends, around 45% of them say they feel troubled by the drama they often encounter, according to Pew Research Center. Roughly four in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure to post only things that show them in a positive light or that generate a lot of comments or likes. Many teens even take voluntary breaks from social media, according to a study conducted by the Associated Press and NORC Center for Public Affairs Research at the University of Chicago. It found that 60% who have taken breaks have taken three or more, and 23% of teens who haven’t taken a break from social media have wanted to take one. About half of teens say their social-media breaks are typically a week or longer. The Sherman Oaks teens I spoke with say they too have taken breaks to avoid burnout. They all have friends who don’t even bother with social media, and they say they admire it. Still, the fear of missing out usually draws them back. Or, as one of the four students told me, “It kind of gets a little lonely after a while.” 36. The expression “lash out” (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ________. A. take on B. break away C. pass off D. blow up 37. It is indicated in the passage that ________ is some teens’ intentional action on social media. A. selecting what to post B. letting others handle their posts C. showing their displeasure D. quitting to keep from feeling hurt 38. According to the passage, some teens take breaks from social media to ________. A. gather more materials for online drama B. escape the pressure of making comments C. avoid feeling left out by their peers D. relieve exhaustion from being disturbed 39. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The downside of social media: Why teens get addicted B. The social media: More connectivity than isolation among teens C. The unseen consequences of social media: A teenage perspective D. The influence of social media: A comprehensive teenage analysis 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了在社交媒体上的一些行为对于青少年的影响。 【36题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 (我们经常把今天的青少年描绘成社交媒体成瘾者。他们全天候盯着手机) ”以及“when they can’t have their WeChat fix lash out(当他们不能安装微信时)”可知，青少年经常使用手机，如果不能安装微信，就会很生气，所以“lash out”的意思应该是“生气”。A项“take on(承担)”，B项“breakaway(脱离)”，C项“pass off(停止)”，D项“blow up(爆炸)”。结合选项可知，D项“blow up(爆炸，生气)”符合题意，故答案为D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“they told me they make conscious choices about who they share things with on social media, how they manage their accounts and how they handle their own burnout. (他们告诉我，他们有意识地选择在社交媒体上与谁分享东西，如何管理自己的账户，以及如何处理自己的倦怠)”可知，在社交媒体上选择分享什么，是一些青少年的有意行为。故答案为A。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Roughly four in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure to post only things that show them in a positive light or that generate a lot of comments or likes.( 大约十分之四的青少年表示，他们感到压力，只能发布积极的东西，或者产生很多评论或喜欢的东西)”可知，一些青少年从社交媒体上休息一下为了从社交媒体中解脱出来。D项：relieve exhaustion from being disturbed(缓解被干扰而产生的疲劳)”符合题意，故答案为D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it.(但事实要复杂得多：虽然他们依靠社交媒体与朋友保持联系，但这确实会让他们在压力下感到无助，他们也知道这一点)”以及大意可知，本文主要讲述了在社交媒体上的一些行为对于青少年的影响。结合选项可知，C项：The unseen consequences of social media: A teenage perspective“社交媒体的隐性后果：青少年的视角”符合题意，故答案为C。 （B） The average household in the U. S. has at least one “smart” internet-connected TV, which can have content streamed straight to it. If you have a smart TV in your home, are you taking full advantage of all the great features it has to offer? Check out these amazing skills and start using them today. 1. Respond to Your Voice Commands Rather than clicking through menus a lot of TVs now let you control certain functions using your voice — usually through a built-in virtual assistant like Amazon’s Alexa (on all Fire TVs) and Google Assistant (available on many models, including Hisense, LG and Samsung). Roku TVs can also be controlled by voice (through a microphone in the remote). Most will let you turn the TV on or off, search for content, pause or rewind, and more. 2. Find Your Misplaced Remote Some TVs can ring your remote to help you find it. For example, on some Sony models you can click the TV’s power button, then select “Find Remote,” and the remote will beep. Some remotes for Roku and Amazon Fire TVs also offer this feature. For example, with Amazon’s Alexa Voice Remote Pro for Fire TV, you can say, “Find my remote” to any Amazon device with Alexa or press the “Remote Finder” button in the Fire TV app’s section. 3. Make Closed Subtitles Easier to Read Many TVs let you enlarge the text in closed subtitles and standard TV menus for easy reading. On Samsung models, this feature is called Zoom Menu and Text. On Sony Google TVs, it’s called Text Magnification. Often, the zoom and enlarged text features can be turned on at the same time. (On Samsung models, you can also select “Learn Menu Screen,” which audibly tells you about each of the settings and what they do.) 4. Showcase Your Favourite Photos Want to show off your latest vacation photos without passing your phone around the room? If you have an iPhone, go to Apple AirPlay Screen Mirroring to have an AirPlay-suited TV show what’s currently on your iPhone’s screen. With an Android phone you can “cast” your photos to a TV that’s equipped with Google Chromecast, such as LG, Sony and Hisense, by opening the Google Photos app and selecting “Cast.” 40. Which of the following statements about the smart TVs in the leaflet is true? A. Fire TVs are known for locating remote controls using sound. B. Sony TVs can be controlled hands-free with voice commands. C. Samsung TVs are characterised by expanded and spoken subtitles. D. Hisense TVs with Google Assistant can cast photos from iPhones. 41. As a shop assistant, which pair of skills of the smart TVs will you most likely introduce to the Smiths, a couple both with hearing and speech disabilities? A. 1 and 2. B. 2 and 3. C. 3 and 4. D. 1 and 4. 42. It can be concluded from the leaflet that smart TVs________. A. depend specially on physical remotes B. extend beyond TV capabilities C. exclude advanced text display features D. have restricted mobile device integration 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了智能电视的功能。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据 2. Find Your Misplaced Remote中的“For example, with Amazon’s Alexa Voice Remote Pro for Fire TV, you can say, “Find my remote” to any Amazon device with Alexa or press the “Remote Finder” button in the Fire TV app’s section.(例如，使用亚马逊Fire TV的Alexa Voice Remote Pro，你可以对任何带有Alexa的亚马逊设备说“找到我的遥控器”，或者按下Fire TV应用程序部分的“Remote Finder”按钮)”可知，Fire TVs可以利用声音定位遥控器而闻名。故选A项。 41题详解】 推理判断题。根据3. Make Closed Subtitles Easier to Read中的“Many TVs let you enlarge the text in closed subtitles and standard TV menus for easy reading. On Samsung models, this feature is called Zoom Menu and Text. On Sony Google TVs, it’s called Text Magnification. Often, the zoom and enlarged text features can be turned on at the same time.(许多电视让你放大文本在封闭字幕和标准电视菜单，以方便阅读。在三星的机型上，这项功能被称为“缩放菜单和文本”。在索尼谷歌电视上，它被称为文本放大。通常，缩放和放大文本功能可以同时打开)”根据4. Showcase Your Favourite Photos中的“If you have an iPhone, go to Apple AirPlay Screen Mirroring to have an AirPlay-suited TV show what’s currently on your iPhone’s screen. With an Android phone you can “cast” your photos to a TV that’s equipped with Google Chromecast, such as LG, Sony and Hisense, by opening the Google Photos app and selecting “Cast.”(如果你有iPhone，去Apple AirPlay屏幕镜像，让你的iPhone屏幕上有一个适合AirPlay的电视节目。使用安卓手机，你可以打开谷歌photos应用程序并选择“cast”，将照片“投射”到配备谷歌Chromecast的电视上，比如LG、索尼和海信)”可知，作为一名店员可以向患有听力和语言障碍的夫妇推荐功能3和4。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“If you have a smart TV in your home, are you taking full advantage of all the great features it has to offer? Check out these amazing skills and start using them today.(如果你家里有一台智能电视，你是否充分利用了它提供的所有功能？看看这些神奇的功能，今天就开始使用吧)”可知，从传单中可以得出结论，智能电视超越了电视的功能。故选B项。 （C） Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals struggle to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labour if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. Worse, without opportunities for proper employment, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community’s well-being. Education plays a vital role in equipping people for certain jobs, but many young people find that even if they are qualified, the jobs are just not there. This was the situation that Rwandan entrepreneur (企业家) Noel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated from university with a degree in soil and environmental science, he sent out application after application but received no job offers, so he turned to creating his own business. With three of his colleagues, he founded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes. For example, one of the company’s programs processes waste and turns it into organic fertilizer used by local farmers. The company has also expanded into plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is providing materials for other industries as well. Greencare Rwanda Ltd. was able to get off the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme. This program is an attempt to reach the UN’s sustainable development goal of “decent work and economic growth.” The assistance definitely helped Greencare, which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year. It also employs 25 people, which shows that helping people start businesses provides work for more than just the person who receives the funds. All this raises the question of what more can be done to empower young people to start their own businesses. Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important as the starting costs for businesses can be extremely high. Governments are sometimes hesitant to provide funds to startups because success is not guaranteed. Starting a business is risky, and nobody wants to waste money, but experts warn that governments should not enforce too many requirements. Different regions will need different approaches, so trying to enforce a set of one size fits all requirements can run counter to the desire. While there are other ways to address unemployment, encouraging young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities. 43. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. The role of the government in creating job opportunities. B. The importance of education for reducing unemployment rates. C. The necessity of providing work opportunities to prevent crime. D. The consequences of unemployment on individuals and communities. 44. Greencare Rwanda Ltd. is mentioned in the passage to show ________. A. why setting goals for the youths is necessary B. how the support from the UN programme works C. international funding’s success across all industries D. difficulties young graduates encounter in job hunting 45. The phrase “run counter to the desire” (paragraph 4) most probably refers to ________. A. opposing the general goal of supporting entrepreneurship B. conflicting with the hope of diverse and region-specific solutions C. going against the intention of providing equal opportunities for all D. supporting the idea of sustainable development and economic growth 46. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. international funding helps build successful mutual trade B. education shoulders an ultimate responsibility in one’s career C. entrepreneurship eases joblessness and boosts community welfare D. unemployment is the primary cause of crime in developing countries 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在许多发展中国家，失业是一个严重的问题，并通过卢旺达的一个创业案例说明支持年轻人创业是帮助减少失业、解决社区问题的有效途径。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题 。根据文章第一段“Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals struggle to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out.(失业是许多发展中国家的一个重要问题。没有稳定的工作，个人难以摆脱贫困，整个社区也无法受益)”和“Worse, without opportunities for proper employment, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves.(更糟糕的是，没有适当就业的机会，年轻人有时会为了养活自己而诉诸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要讨论失业对个人和社区的影响。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Greencare Rwanda Ltd. was able to get off the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme.(Greencare Rwanda Ltd. 能够起步，很大程度上是由于从联合国青年联合计划获得了资金支持)”可知，提到Greencare Rwanda Ltd. 是为了展示联合国项目的支持效果。故选B。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Different regions will need different approaches, so trying to enforce a set of one size fits all requirements can run counter to the desire.(不同地区需要不同的方法，因此试图强加一套一刀切的要求可能run counter to the desire)”可推知，强调不同地区需要不同的方法，此处“run counter to the desire”指的是与希望采取多样化和地区特定解决方案的目标相矛盾。故选B。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While there are other ways to address unemployment, encouraging young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities.(虽然解决失业问题还有其他方法，但鼓励年轻企业主是最有效的方法之一，尤其是当这些企业生产的产品真正帮助了当地社区时)”可推测，创业可以缓解失业问题并促进社区福利。故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Machine identifies songs from people’s brainwaves Artificial intelligence has learned to identify the songs someone is listening to from their brain readings. Derek Lomas at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and his colleagues asked 20 people to listen to 12 songs through headphones. ____47____ Each person’s brainwaves were recorded using an EEG (脑电图) cap that detects electrical activity. The EEG readings from each person were cut into short pieces and used along with the matching music clip to train an AI to spot patterns between the two. ____48____ But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts. ____49____ And people tend to focus on different elements of the music during training. Ultimately, however, they aim to identify aspects of EEG responses to music that are common to all humans. ____50____ “I think it’s really stimulating to think about how the combination of machine learning and high-density (高密度的) data from EEG can be combined to bring insights into moving emotional experiences, but also to figure out what’s going on inside your head,” he says. Music is ultimately “just electrical signals,” he says. “And it’s the same with the EEG.” A. Lomas hopes that this will further our understanding of the brain, as well as boost knowledge of how and why humans consume music. B. The AI was then tested on unseen portions of the data, identifying songs with a precision of 85 per cent. C. The experiment was conducted to determine if AI could replace human musicians. D. This suggests that the AI’s ability to identify songs highly depends on the individual’s brain activity. E. The volunteers did this blindfolded and in a faintly lit room to minimise the effect of their other senses on the results. F. The researchers believe that this is due to each person’s preference towards a song being unique. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了荷兰代夫特理工大学的研究团队通过脑电图（EEG）数据训练人工智能（AI）识别人们正在听的歌曲的研究。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Derek Lomas at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and his colleagues asked 20 people to listen to 12 songs through headphones.(荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的德里克·洛马斯和他的同事们让20个人通过耳机听12首歌)”以及后文“Each person’s brainwaves were recorded using an EEG (脑电图) cap that detects electrical activity.(每个人的脑电波都是用检测电活动的脑电图帽记录下来的)”可知，本句需要填写实验的具体操作方式，故E选项“志愿者被蒙住眼睛，在一个光线微弱的房间里做这个实验，以尽量减少其他感官对结果的影响”符合语境，故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“The EEG readings from each person were cut into short pieces and used along with the matching music clip to train an AI to spot patterns between the two.(每个人的脑电图读数被切成一小段，与匹配的音乐片段一起使用，以训练人工智能识别两者之间的模式)”以及后文“But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts.(但是，如果软件是根据一个人的脑电图数据进行训练，然后试图在其他人听这首歌时识别出这首歌，它就会陷入困境。这种测试的准确率下降到每十次中不到一次)”可知，上文描述使用脑电图数据和音乐片段训练人工智能的过程，后文but表示转折，表示准确率下降，说明前面提到的软件识别歌曲的能力很强，故B选项“然后，人工智能在数据的未可见部分上进行了测试，以85%的精度识别歌曲”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上一段中“But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts.(但是，如果软件是根据一个人的脑电图数据进行训练，然后试图在其他人听这首歌时识别出这首歌，它就会陷入困境。这种测试的准确率下降到每十次中不到一次)”以及后文“And people tend to focus on different elements of the music during training. Ultimately, however, they aim to identify aspects of EEG responses to music that are common to all humans.(在训练中，人们倾向于关注音乐的不同元素。然而，他们最终的目标是确定脑电图对音乐的反应是所有人类共同的)”可知，上文提到了软件在识别不同人的脑电图数据时存在困难，本句主要对此给出解释，故F选项“研究人员认为，这是因为每个人对歌曲的偏好都是独一无二的”符合语境，故选F。 【50题详解】 根据后文““I think it’s really stimulating to think about how the combination of machine learning and high-density (高密度的) data from EEG can be combined to bring insights into moving emotional experiences, but also to figure out what’s going on inside your head,” he says.(他说：“我认为，想到机器学习和脑电图的高密度数据如何结合起来，不仅能洞察移动的情感体验，还能弄清楚你的大脑里在想什么，这真的很令人兴奋。”)”可知，本句为洛马斯对这项研究的看法，A选项Lomas对应后文he。故A选项“Lomas希望这将进一步加深我们对大脑的理解，并促进对人类如何以及为什么消费音乐的了解”引出下文，故选A。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one. (55 words) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。和兄弟姐妹一起长大可以提高与同龄人相处的能力。兄弟姐妹互相影响。在童年时期，他们在同一个安全的屋檐下生活，一起学习处理冲突的技能，通常由哥哥姐姐指导。成年兄弟姐妹见面较少，但关系往往会改善。兄弟姐妹的关系是多种多样的，发展积极的关系很重要。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. ②During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. ③Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. ④Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. ⑤Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved ⑥Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、要点进行分说，5、6进行总结 3.遣词造句 Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one 【点睛】[高分句型1] In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Sibling relationships are diverse, and it’s important to develop a positive one.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 北京烤鸭烤好时，香味让所有外国食客都垂涎三尺了。（by the time）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】By the time the Peking duck was roasted/done/ready, the smell had made all the foreign diners’ mouths water. 【解析】 【详解】考查从句和时态。本句是时间状语从句，使用了“by the time”结构，表示“到了……时候”。从句为一般过去时，主句为过去完成时。“北京烤鸭烤好时”翻译成一般过去时被动语态。“北京烤鸭”为the Peking duck ，为主语。“烤好”为翻译为：was roasted/done/ready。“香味”为the smell，“所有外国食客”为all the foreign diners。make one’s mouth water是固定搭配，表示“让某人垂涎欲滴”。故翻译为：By the time the Peking duck was roasted/done/ready, the smell had made all the foreign diners’ mouths water. 53. 无论你下月是否离职，做好手头的工作非常重要，这是你人品的体现。（essential）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether you (will) quit/resign next month or not, it's essential to do well in the work at hand, as it reflects your character. 【解析】 【详解】考查从句和时态。“无论……是否”为Whethe ...or not，引导让步状语从句。从句用一般将来时，也可用一般现在时表示将来。“离职”为 quit/resign 。“做…….非常重要”为 it's essential to do sth，“做好手头的工作”为do well in the work at hand；“这是你人品的体现”处理成as引导的原因状语从句。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。所以翻译为：as it reflects your character。故翻译为：Whether you (will) quit/resign next month or not, it's essential to do well in the work at hand, as it reflects your character. 54. 这个被晨雾、悦耳的鸟鸣声和隐约的狗吠声包围的边陲小镇，慢慢地从酣睡中苏醒了。（envelop）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】The frontier/border town, enveloped in (the early) morning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dog barks/faint barking of dogs, is slowly/gradually/ waking up from a sound sleep. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述现在正在进行动作，用现在进行时。“这个边陲小镇”为The frontier/border town，“被晨雾、悦耳的鸟鸣声和隐约的狗吠声包围的”处理成非谓语动词作定语，envelop与town之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作定语，翻译为enveloped in (the early) morning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dog barks/faint barking of dogs；表示“慢慢地”为slowly/gradually，作状语；“从酣睡中苏醒”为wake up from a sound sleep。故翻译为The frontier/border town, enveloped in (the early) morning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dog barks/faint barking of dogs, is slowly/gradually/ waking up from a sound sleep. 55. 众所周知，远东各国的努力不仅保护了当地的环境，也为全球减少对这种危险元素的依赖做出了贡献。（reliance）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is well known that the efforts of various countries in the Far East not only have protected the local environment but also have contributed to reducing global reliance on this dangerous element. 【解析】 【详解】考查it作形式主语和时态。表示“众所周知”用固定句型it is well known that...，其中it为形式主语，位于句首，首字母大写，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。主语从句中：表示“远东各国的努力”用the efforts of various countries in the Far East，作主语；表示“保护”用protect，表示“当地的环境”用the local environment；表示“为做某事做出贡献”用contribute to doing sth.，表示“全球减少对这种危险元素的依赖”用reduce global reliance on this dangerous element，用动名词形式作介词to的宾语，其中名词reliance“依赖”作reducing的宾语。protect和contribute to两个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，所以从句时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是复数，所以助动词用have；表示“不仅……而且……”用not only... but also...，连接并列的have protected the local environment和 have contributed to reducing global reliance on this dangerous element。故翻译为It is well known that the efforts of various countries in the Far East not only have protected the local environment but also have contributed to reducing global reliance on this dangerous element. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你校英语节即将举行主题为“爱的传递”的捐书活动，旨在为边远地区的贫困学生募集一批图书。活动要求每位同学捐出一本自己最喜爱的书，并写一篇短文，内容须包括： （1）对该书内容的简单介绍； （2）你最喜爱该书的理由； （3）你希望通过该书传递给边远地区贫困学生怎样的爱和希望。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Friends, As a senior student at Mingqi High School, I am participating in our school’s English Festival by donating my favorite book, “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee. “To Kill a Mockingbird” is a novel that explores themes of racial injustice and moral growth. It tells the story of Scout Finch, a young girl growing up in the Deep South of America during the 1930s. Through her eyes, we witness the trials and tribulations of her father, Atticus Finch, as he defends a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman. The book not only provides a vivid picture of historical events but also delves into profound human values such as empathy, justice, and integrity. I love this book because it teaches us to stand up for what is right, even when it is difficult. By donating this book, I hope to pass on these messages to the children in remote areas, wishing them to find in this book the strength to pursue their dreams and the courage to overcome any obstacles they may face.I want them to know that they are not alone in their struggles and that there are people who care about them and their future. Let us all share the power of knowledge and spread the love through these pages. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生李华的身份，为学校英语节的捐书活动捐赠自己最喜爱的一本书，并撰写一篇短文介绍该书内容、解释喜欢它的理由以及希望通过这本书传递给边远地区贫困学生的爱和希望。 【详解】1.词汇积累 捐赠：donate → contribute 主题：theme → subject 同理心：empathy → compassion 深刻的：profound → deep 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As a senior student at Mingqi High School, I am participating in our school’s English Festival by donating my favorite book, “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee. 拓展句：As a senior student at Mingqi High School, I am participating in our school’s English Festival by donating my favorite book “To Kill a Mockingbird” ,which was written by Harper Lee. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The book not only provides a vivid picture of historical events but also delves into profound human values such as empathy, justice, and integrity.（运用了not only…but also…连接并列谓语） 【高分句型2】I want them to know that they are not alone in their struggles and that there are people who care about them and their future.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 （考试时间105分钟；满分115分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the links to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each plank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, ____1____(take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves ____2____(grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, ____3____ gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ____4____ extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants ____5____ they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain ____6____(fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once ____7____(stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding____8____(require). For plants in the ground weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost ____9____ can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. _____10_____ shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adaptable B. broadened C. dramatically D. handful E. inevitably F. likelihood G. maintained H. perception I. properly J. remarkable K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) ____11____ of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not ____12____: one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but ____13____ that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her ____14____ that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team ____15____ the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the ____16____ of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised ____17____ in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell ____18____. Sobel says this may be further proof as to how ____19____ the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour ____20____. Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the ____21____. One barrier to rural health care is ____22____. Rural communities are ____23____ far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding ____24____ can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals ____25____ that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. ____26____, the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help ____27____ some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in ____28____. Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, ____29____, can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. ______30______ health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often ______31______ than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider ______32______ larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to ______33______ outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is ______35______, these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 21. A. affection B. medication C. inequality D. necessity 22. A. poverty B. environment C. administration D. transportation 23. A. by chance B. by definition C. by contrast D. by necessity 24. A. potential patients B. public service C. medical staff D. reputable experts 25. A. conclude B. predict C. demand D. propose 26. A. Subsequently B. However C. Meanwhile D. Consequently 27. A. sustain B. lessen C. detect D. indicate 28. A. depressed areas B. monitored centres C. other locations D. border regions 29. A. moreover B. otherwise C. therefore D. nevertheless 30. A. Modern B. Mobile C. Mechanical D. Multiple 31. A. cheaper B. less crowded C. fancier D. more endurable 32. A. transitioning to B. competing against C. partnering with D. investing in 33. A. relax B. practice C. specialize D. volunteer 34. A. as opposed to B. as well as C. regardless of D. prior to 35. A. solvable B. urgent C. critical D. complex Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） We often picture today’s teens as social-media addicts. They stare at their phones 24/7 and lash out when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is more complicated: While they depend on social media to keep up with friends, it does have a tendency to make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they know it. When I spoke to four students at Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, Calif., as part of my nation-wide teen listening tour, they told me they make conscious choices about who they share things with on social media, how they manage their accounts and how they handle their own burnout. While teens generally acknowledge that social media helps them keep up with their friends, around 45% of them say they feel troubled by the drama they often encounter, according to Pew Research Center. Roughly four in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure to post only things that show them in a positive light or that generate a lot of comments or likes. Many teens even take voluntary breaks from social media, according to a study conducted by the Associated Press and NORC Center for Public Affairs Research at the University of Chicago. It found that 60% who have taken breaks have taken three or more, and 23% of teens who haven’t taken a break from social media have wanted to take one. About half of teens say their social-media breaks are typically a week or longer. The Sherman Oaks teens I spoke with say they too have taken breaks to avoid burnout. They all have friends who don’t even bother with social media, and they say they admire it. Still, the fear of missing out usually draws them back. Or, as one of the four students told me, “It kind of gets a little lonely after a while.” 36. The expression “lash out” (paragraph 1) can be best replaced by ________. A. take on B. break away C. pass off D. blow up 37. It is indicated in the passage that ________ is some teens’ intentional action on social media. A. selecting what to post B. letting others handle their posts C. showing their displeasure D. quitting to keep from feeling hurt 38. According to the passage, some teens take breaks from social media to ________. A. gather more materials for online drama B escape the pressure of making comments C. avoid feeling left out by their peers D. relieve exhaustion from being disturbed 39. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The downside of social media: Why teens get addicted B. The social media: More connectivity than isolation among teens C. The unseen consequences of social media: A teenage perspective D. The influence of social media: A comprehensive teenage analysis （B） The average household in the U. S. has at least one “smart” internet-connected TV, which can have content streamed straight to it. If you have a smart TV in your home, are you taking full advantage of all the great features it has to offer? Check out these amazing skills and start using them today. 1. Respond to Your Voice Commands Rather than clicking through menus, a lot of TVs now let you control certain functions using your voice — usually through a built-in virtual assistant like Amazon’s Alexa (on all Fire TVs) and Google Assistant (available on many models, including Hisense, LG and Samsung). Roku TVs can also be controlled by voice (through a microphone in the remote). Most will let you turn the TV on or off, search for content, pause or rewind, and more. 2. Find Your Misplaced Remote Some TVs can ring your remote to help you find it. For example, on some Sony models you can click the TV’s power button, then select “Find Remote,” and the remote will beep. Some remotes for Roku and Amazon Fire TVs also offer this feature. For example, with Amazon’s Alexa Voice Remote Pro for Fire TV, you can say, “Find my remote” to any Amazon device with Alexa or press the “Remote Finder” button in the Fire TV app’s section. 3. Make Closed Subtitles Easier to Read Many TVs let you enlarge the text in closed subtitles and standard TV menus for easy reading. On Samsung models this feature is called Zoom Menu and Text. On Sony Google TVs, it’s called Text Magnification. Often, the zoom and enlarged text features can be turned on at the same time. (On Samsung models, you can also select “Learn Menu Screen,” which audibly tells you about each of the settings and what they do.) 4. Showcase Your Favourite Photos Want to show off your latest vacation photos without passing your phone around the room? If you have an iPhone, go to Apple AirPlay Screen Mirroring to have an AirPlay-suited TV show what’s currently on your iPhone’s screen. With an Android phone you can “cast” your photos to a TV that’s equipped with Google Chromecast, such as LG, Sony and Hisense, by opening the Google Photos app and selecting “Cast.” 40. Which of the following statements about the smart TVs in the leaflet is true? A. Fire TVs are known for locating remote controls using sound. B. Sony TVs can be controlled hands-free with voice commands. C. Samsung TVs are characterised by expanded and spoken subtitles. D. Hisense TVs with Google Assistant can cast photos from iPhones. 41. As a shop assistant, which pair of skills of the smart TVs will you most likely introduce to the Smiths, a couple both with hearing and speech disabilities? A. 1 and 2. B. 2 and 3. C. 3 and 4. D. 1 and 4. 42. It can be concluded from the leaflet that smart TVs________. A. depend specially on physical remotes B. extend beyond TV capabilities C. exclude advanced text display features D. have restricted mobile device integration （C） Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals struggle to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labour if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. Worse, without opportunities for proper employment, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community’s well-being. Education plays a vital role in equipping people for certain jobs, but many young people find that even if they are qualified, the jobs are just not there. This was the situation that Rwandan entrepreneur (企业家) Noel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated from university with a degree in soil and environmental science, he sent out application after application but received no job offers, so he turned to creating his own business. With three of his colleagues, he founded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a company that transforms waste into products that can be used for various purposes. For example, one of the company’s programs processes waste and turns it into organic fertilizer used by local farmers. The company has also expanded into plastic recycling and produces paving materials from sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is providing materials for other industries as well. Greencare Rwanda Ltd. was able to get off the ground largely due to funds it received from the UN Youth Joint Programme. This program is an attempt to reach the UN’s sustainable development goal of “decent work and economic growth.” The assistance definitely helped Greencare, which now produces 400 tons of fertilizer and 2,560 square meters of paving materials per year. It also employs 25 people, which shows that helping people start businesses provides work for more than just the person who receives the funds. All this raises the question of what more can be done to empower young people to start their own businesses. Providing funds to cover the initial costs, as the UN Youth Joint Programme did for Nizeyimana, is certainly important as the starting costs for businesses can be extremely high. Governments are sometimes hesitant to provide funds to startups because success is not guaranteed. Starting a business is risky, and nobody wants to waste money, but experts warn that governments should not enforce too many requirements. Different regions will need different approaches, so trying to enforce a set of one size fits all requirements can run counter to the desire. While there are other ways to address unemployment, encouraging young business owners is one of the most effective — especially when those businesses produce goods that genuinely help local communities. 43. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. The role of the government in creating job opportunities. B. The importance of education for reducing unemployment rates. C. The necessity of providing work opportunities to prevent crime. D. The consequences of unemployment on individuals and communities. 44. Greencare Rwanda Ltd. is mentioned in the passage to show ________. A. why setting goals for the youths is necessary B. how the support from the UN programme works C. international funding’s success across all industries D. difficulties young graduates encounter in job hunting 45. The phrase “run counter to the desire” (paragraph 4) most probably refers to ________. A. opposing the general goal of supporting entrepreneurship B. conflicting with the hope of diverse and region-specific solutions C. going against the intention of providing equal opportunities for all D. supporting the idea of sustainable development and economic growth 46. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. international funding helps build successful mutual trade B. education shoulders an ultimate responsibility in one’s career C. entrepreneurship eases joblessness and boosts community welfare D. unemployment is the primary cause of crime in developing countries Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Machine identifies songs from people’s brainwaves Artificial intelligence has learned to identify the songs someone is listening to from their brain readings. Derek Lomas at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and his colleagues asked 20 people to listen to 12 songs through headphones. ____47____ Each person’s brainwaves were recorded using an EEG (脑电图) cap that detects electrical activity. The EEG readings from each person were cut into short pieces and used along with the matching music clip to train an AI to spot patterns between the two. ____48____ But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts. ____49____ And people tend to focus on different elements of the music during training. Ultimately, however, they aim to identify aspects of EEG responses to music that are common to all humans. ____50____ “I think it’s really stimulating to think about how the combination of machine learning and high-density (高密度的) data from EEG can be combined to bring insights into moving emotional experiences, but also to figure out what’s going on inside your head,” he says. Music is ultimately “just electrical signals,” he says. “And it’s the same with the EEG.” A. Lomas hopes that this will further our understanding of the brain, as well as boost knowledge of how and why humans consume music. B. The AI was then tested on unseen portions of the data, identifying songs with a precision of 85 per cent. C. The experiment was conducted to determine if AI could replace human musicians. D. This suggests that the AI’s ability to identify songs highly depends on the individual’s brain activity. E. The volunteers did this blindfolded and in a faintly lit room to minimise the effect of their other senses on the results. F. The researchers believe that this is due to each person’s preference towards a song being unique. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 北京烤鸭烤好时，香味让所有外国食客都垂涎三尺了。（by the time）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 53. 无论你下月是否离职，做好手头工作非常重要，这是你人品的体现。（essential）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 54. 这个被晨雾、悦耳的鸟鸣声和隐约的狗吠声包围的边陲小镇，慢慢地从酣睡中苏醒了。（envelop）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 55. 众所周知，远东各国的努力不仅保护了当地的环境，也为全球减少对这种危险元素的依赖做出了贡献。（reliance）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你校英语节即将举行主题为“爱传递”的捐书活动，旨在为边远地区的贫困学生募集一批图书。活动要求每位同学捐出一本自己最喜爱的书，并写一篇短文，内容须包括： （1）对该书内容的简单介绍； （2）你最喜爱该书的理由； （3）你希望通过该书传递给边远地区贫困学生怎样的爱和希望。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$