内容正文:
第18讲 定语从句
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.高频考点
定语从句在近三年英语中考中是必考内容,且占比较大,通常每年各地中考卷中会有 3 至 5 道相关题目。
2.注重语境理解
题目越来越注重在具体语境中考查对定语从句的理解和运用,要求考生能够根据先行词和从句的逻辑关系选择合适的关系词。
(二)常考题型
1.单项选择
(2024 年重庆卷)I like the books ________ are about history.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
2.完形填空
(2023 年天津卷)I still remember the place ________ we had a great time last year.
A. which B. where C. who D. when
3.短文填空
(2024 年江苏卷中考)I have a good friend ________ name is Tom. He is the kind of person ________ always helps others.
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
定语从句是一种主从复合句,在句子中作定语,用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,通过关系词(关系代词或关系副词)来引导,关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。
The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(“that/which I bought yesterday” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 “book”,“that/which” 在从句中作宾语)
(二)关系代词的用法
1.that
that 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时,that 可以省略。
(1)作主语
The man that lives next door is a doctor.(“that” 指代 “the man”,在从句中作主语,意思是 “住在隔壁的那个人是个医生”)
(2)作宾语
The book that I read last week was very educational.(“that” 指代 “the book”,在从句中作宾语,可省略,意思是 “我上周读的那本书很有教育意义”)
2.which
which 主要用于指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时,在非正式文体中也可以省略。
(1)作主语
The car which is parked outside is mine.(“which” 指代 “the car”,在从句中作主语,意思是 “停在外面的那辆车是我的”)
(2)作宾语
The movie (which) we watched last night was really exciting.(“which” 指代 “the movie”,在从句中作宾语,可省略,意思是 “我们昨晚看的电影真的很刺激”)
3.who
who 用于指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,在口语中可以用 whom 代替,但在现代英语中,尤其是在非正式文体中,who 也经常用于代替 whom 作宾语。
(1)作主语
The boy who is standing there is my brother.(“who” 指代 “the boy”,在从句中作主语,意思是 “站在那儿的那个男孩是我的兄弟”)
(2)作宾语
The man (who/whom) you met yesterday is my teacher.(“who/whom” 指代 “the man”,在从句中作宾语,可省略,意思是 “你昨天遇到的那个人是我的老师”)
4.whom
whom 用于指人,在定语从句中作宾语,通常用于正式文体或书面语中。
The lady with whom I talked just now is from America.(“whom” 指代 “the lady”,在从句中作宾语,“with whom” 表示 “和她”,这种结构比较正式,意思是 “刚才和我交谈的那位女士来自美国”)
5.whose
whose 表示 “谁的”,用于指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词。
(1)指人
The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend.(“whose” 指代 “the girl's”,在从句中作定语,修饰 “father”,意思是 “她父亲是医生的那个女孩是我的朋友”)
(2)指物
The house whose roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired.(“whose” 指代 “the house's”,在从句中作定语,修饰 “roof”,意思是 “在暴风雨中屋顶受损的那座房子已经修好了”)
(三)关系副词的用法
1.when
when 在定语从句中作时间状语,修饰表示时间的先行词,相当于 “介词 + which”(具体的介词根据先行词和从句的语义来确定)。
I still remember the day when we first met.(“when” 相当于 “on which”,指代 “the day”,在从句中作时间状语,意思是 “我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天”)
2.where
where 在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰表示地点的先行词,相当于 “介词 + which”。
This is the place where I was born.(“where” 相当于 “in which”,指代 “the place”,在从句中作地点状语,意思是 “这是我出生的地方”)
3.why
why 在定语从句中作原因状语,修饰表示原因的先行词(通常是 reason),相当于 “for which”。
Can you tell me the reason why you were late?(“why” 相当于 “for which”,指代 “the reason”,在从句中作原因状语,意思是 “你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?”)
(四)定语从句的注意事项
1.关系词的选择
根据先行词是指人还是指物,以及在从句中充当的成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语)来选择合适的关系词。例如,如果先行词是物,且在从句中作主语,可用 that 或 which;如果先行词是人,且在从句中作宾语,可用 who、whom 或 that。
2.从句的语序
定语从句要用陈述句语序。
The book which I like best is this one.(正确,“which I like best” 是陈述句语序),不能写成 The book which do I like best is this one.(错误)
3.主谓一致
定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式要和先行词保持一致。
The students who are from Class One are very active.(“students” 是复数,从句谓语 “are” 也用复数形式)
(五)在中考中的考查形式
1.单项选择题
(1)考查关系词的选择
The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. that B. who C. where
(2)考查定语从句的语法结构和语义理解
I like the teacher ______ classes are very interesting.
A. which B. who C. whose
2.句型转换
将两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句
The boy is my brother. He is standing there.(合并为)The boy who/that is standing there is my brother.
三、课后练习
(一)基础题
1.Books are everywhere, but it's not easy to find one _________ is really interesting.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
2.Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (舌尖上的中国)? Yeah! It's the most funny one _________I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
3.Do you know the boy _________ is sitting next to Peter?
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
4.Do you know anyone _________ can repair the bike?
A. who B. which C. that D. what
5.Do you know _________this afternoon?
A. when will she come
B. when she will come
C. where will she go
D. where she will go
(二)提高题
1.Let's look through some inventions _________influence us in daily life.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
2.The bike _________ my father bought me cost 800 yuan.
A. that B. which C. all the above D. (可省略)
3.Most of the students are afraid of the teachers _________ strict with them.
A. who is B. who are C. that are D. which are
4.Have you found the information about famous scientists _________ you can use for the report?
A. that B. which C. (可省略) D. all the above
5.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything _________comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
(三)拓展题
1.Shakespeare (莎士比亚) is a great writer _________ is considered as a genius (天才).
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
2.Do you know the man _________ saved three pupils in the accident?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
3.What are you looking for? I'm looking for the watch _________ I bought yesterday.
A. that B. which C. (可省略) D. all of the above
4.The first thing _________ I'm going to do is to send an e-mail to Peter.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
5.The factory _________ we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
(四)综合题
1.I can never forget the day _________ we worked together and the day _________ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. that; what
2.Do you know the girl _________ is dancing over there?
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
3.The letter is from my sister _________ is working in Beijing.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
4.What do you think of lemon? Terrible. I like fruit _________ tastes sweet.
A. who B. what C. which D. that
5.In China, those _________ were born in the Year of Sheep are said to be creative and sensitive.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
(五)易错难题
1.He talked a lot about things and persons _________ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
2.I want to visit a place _________ is famous for its scenery.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
3.Kunqu Opera _________ influences many forms of opera is known as the mother of a.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
4.The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _________ I have ever read.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
5.According to a recent study, adults _________ often do housework might stay healthy into old age.
A. which B. where C. who D. what
6.The girl _________ catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.
A. which B. where C. who D. what
7.Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV? Sure. It’s a great TV program _________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
A. which B. that C. what D. whose
8.Is this the museum _________ you visited last year?
A. which B. that C. all of the above
9.I still remember all the stories _________ my grandma told me.
A. which B. that C.all of the above
10.The only thing _________ can help you is working.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
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第18讲 定语从句
一、考情分析
(一)考情分析
1.高频考点
定语从句在近三年英语中考中是必考内容,且占比较大,通常每年各地中考卷中会有 3 至 5 道相关题目。
2.注重语境理解
题目越来越注重在具体语境中考查对定语从句的理解和运用,要求考生能够根据先行词和从句的逻辑关系选择合适的关系词。
(二)常考题型
1.单项选择
(2024 年重庆卷)I like the books ________ are about history.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
答案:A 。
分析:本题先行词是 books,指物,在从句中作主语,用 that 或 which 引导,选项中只有 that,所以选 A。
2.完形填空
(2023 年天津卷)I still remember the place ________ we had a great time last year.
A. which B. where C. who D. when
答案:B 。
分析:先行词是 place,在从句中作地点状语,用 where 引导,所以选 B。
3.短文填空
(2024 年江苏卷中考)I have a good friend ________ name is Tom. He is the kind of person ________ always helps others.
答案:whose; who 。
分析:第一空先行词是 friend,与 name 是所属关系,用 whose 引导;第二空先行词是 person,指人,在从句中作主语,用 who 引导。
二、考点分析
(一)基本概念
定语从句是一种主从复合句,在句子中作定语,用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,通过关系词(关系代词或关系副词)来引导,关系词在从句中充当一定的成分。
The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(“that/which I bought yesterday” 是定语从句,修饰先行词 “book”,“that/which” 在从句中作宾语)
(二)关系代词的用法
1.that
that 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时,that 可以省略。
(1)作主语
The man that lives next door is a doctor.(“that” 指代 “the man”,在从句中作主语,意思是 “住在隔壁的那个人是个医生”)
(2)作宾语
The book that I read last week was very educational.(“that” 指代 “the book”,在从句中作宾语,可省略,意思是 “我上周读的那本书很有教育意义”)
2.which
which 主要用于指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时,在非正式文体中也可以省略。
(1)作主语
The car which is parked outside is mine.(“which” 指代 “the car”,在从句中作主语,意思是 “停在外面的那辆车是我的”)
(2)作宾语
The movie (which) we watched last night was really exciting.(“which” 指代 “the movie”,在从句中作宾语,可省略,意思是 “我们昨晚看的电影真的很刺激”)
3.who
who 用于指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,在口语中可以用 whom 代替,但在现代英语中,尤其是在非正式文体中,who 也经常用于代替 whom 作宾语。
(1)作主语
The boy who is standing there is my brother.(“who” 指代 “the boy”,在从句中作主语,意思是 “站在那儿的那个男孩是我的兄弟”)
(2)作宾语
The man (who/whom) you met yesterday is my teacher.(“who/whom” 指代 “the man”,在从句中作宾语,可省略,意思是 “你昨天遇到的那个人是我的老师”)
4.whom
whom 用于指人,在定语从句中作宾语,通常用于正式文体或书面语中。
The lady with whom I talked just now is from America.(“whom” 指代 “the lady”,在从句中作宾语,“with whom” 表示 “和她”,这种结构比较正式,意思是 “刚才和我交谈的那位女士来自美国”)
5.whose
whose 表示 “谁的”,用于指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词。
(1)指人
The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend.(“whose” 指代 “the girl's”,在从句中作定语,修饰 “father”,意思是 “她父亲是医生的那个女孩是我的朋友”)
(2)指物
The house whose roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired.(“whose” 指代 “the house's”,在从句中作定语,修饰 “roof”,意思是 “在暴风雨中屋顶受损的那座房子已经修好了”)
(三)关系副词的用法
1.when
when 在定语从句中作时间状语,修饰表示时间的先行词,相当于 “介词 + which”(具体的介词根据先行词和从句的语义来确定)。
I still remember the day when we first met.(“when” 相当于 “on which”,指代 “the day”,在从句中作时间状语,意思是 “我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天”)
2.where
where 在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰表示地点的先行词,相当于 “介词 + which”。
This is the place where I was born.(“where” 相当于 “in which”,指代 “the place”,在从句中作地点状语,意思是 “这是我出生的地方”)
3.why
why 在定语从句中作原因状语,修饰表示原因的先行词(通常是 reason),相当于 “for which”。
Can you tell me the reason why you were late?(“why” 相当于 “for which”,指代 “the reason”,在从句中作原因状语,意思是 “你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?”)
(四)定语从句的注意事项
1.关系词的选择
根据先行词是指人还是指物,以及在从句中充当的成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语)来选择合适的关系词。例如,如果先行词是物,且在从句中作主语,可用 that 或 which;如果先行词是人,且在从句中作宾语,可用 who、whom 或 that。
2.从句的语序
定语从句要用陈述句语序。
The book which I like best is this one.(正确,“which I like best” 是陈述句语序),不能写成 The book which do I like best is this one.(错误)
3.主谓一致
定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式要和先行词保持一致。
The students who are from Class One are very active.(“students” 是复数,从句谓语 “are” 也用复数形式)
(五)在中考中的考查形式
1.单项选择题
(1)考查关系词的选择
The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. that B. who C. where
答案是 A,因为先行词是 “book”,指物,且在从句中作宾语,所以用 that
(2)考查定语从句的语法结构和语义理解
I like the teacher ______ classes are very interesting.
A. which B. who C. whose
答案是 C,因为先行词是 “teacher”,从句中需要一个表示 “老师的” 意思的词来修饰 “classes”,所以用 whose
2.句型转换
将两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句
The boy is my brother. He is standing there.(合并为)The boy who/that is standing there is my brother.
三、课后练习
(一)基础题
1.Books are everywhere, but it's not easy to find one _________ is really interesting.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “one”,这里指代的是一本书,属于指物,在定语从句 “_________ is really interesting” 中作主语,关系代词可以用 “that” 或 “which”,本题选项中只有 “that”,所以选 C。“who” 通常用于先行词指人的情况;“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合语法规则。
2.Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (舌尖上的中国)? Yeah! It's the most funny one _________I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “the most funny one”,指的是纪录片,属于指物,并且先行词被最高级 “the most funny” 修饰,在这种情况下,关系代词只能用 “that”,不能用 “which”,所以选 A。“what” 不能引导定语从句;“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的用法和语义要求,不符合此处语境。
3.Do you know the boy _________ is sitting next to Peter?
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “the boy”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ is sitting next to Peter” 中作主语,关系代词用 “who” 或 “that” 都可以,这里选项中有 “who”,所以选 A。“which” 用于先行词指物的情况;“whom” 在定语从句中通常作宾语,不符合此处作主语的要求。
4.Do you know anyone _________ can repair the bike?
A. who B. which C. that D. what
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “anyone”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ can repair the bike” 中作主语,关系代词用 “who” 或 “that” 都可以,但本题后面有过去分词 “called” 作后置定语修饰 “the man”,为了避免重复等原因,更倾向于用 “that”,所以选 C。“which” 用于指物;“what” 不能引导定语从句。
5.Do you know _________this afternoon?
A. when will she come
B. when she will come
C. where will she go
D. where she will go
答案解析
选 B。
解析:本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句要用陈述句语序,A、C 选项是疑问句语序,不符合宾语从句的语法要求,所以排除 A、C。根据答语 “as soon as she comes”(她一来就……)可知,问的是时间,而不是地点,所以应该是问 “你知道她今天下午什么时候来吗”,用 “when she will come”,选 B,排除 D 选项 “where she will go”(她将去哪里)。
(二)提高题
1.Let's look through some inventions _________influence us in daily life.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
答案解析
选 B。
解析:先行词是 “some inventions”,表示一些发明,属于指物。在定语从句 “_________influence us in daily life” 中,该关系代词需要充当主语的成分,用来引导定语从句对先行词 “some inventions” 进行修饰限定。关系代词中 “who” 用于指人;“what” 不能引导定语从句;“where” 在定语从句中通常作地点状语,而此处需要一个能指代物且作主语的关系代词,“which” 符合要求,所以选 B。
2.The bike _________ my father bought me cost 800 yuan.
A. that B. which C. all the above D. (可省略)
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “The bike”,指物,在定语从句 “my father bought me” 中作宾语,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以用 “that”“which”,同时也可以省略,所以 C 选项都是正确的。“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合此处语法规则。
3.Most of the students are afraid of the teachers _________ strict with them.
A. who is B. who are C. that are D. which are
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “the teachers”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ strict with them” 中作主语,“be strict with” 是固定搭配,这里先行词是复数形式,所以从句中的谓语动词也要用复数形式 “are”。关系代词 “who” 和 “that” 都可以用于指人作主语引导定语从句,但结合谓语动词的单复数情况,“that are” 符合语法要求,所以选 C。“which” 通常用于先行词指物的情况,不符合此处先行词指人的语境。
4.Have you found the information about famous scientists _________ you can use for the report?
A. that B. which C. (可省略) D. all the above
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “the information”,指物,在定语从句 “you can use for the report” 中作宾语,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以用 “that”“which”,同时也可以省略,所以 D 选项都是正确的。“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合此处语法规则。
5.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything _________comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “Everything”,属于不定代词,指物,在定语从句 “_________comes into sight” 中作主语,当先行词是不定代词时,关系代词通常用 “that” 来引导定语从句,而不用 “which”,“what” 不能引导定语从句,“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的语义和用法要求,不符合此处语境,所以选 A。
(三)拓展题
1.Shakespeare (莎士比亚) is a great writer _________ is considered as a genius (天才).
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
答案解析
选 B。
解析:先行词是 “a great writer”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ is considered as a genius (天才)” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物,不符合先行词指人的情况;“whom” 在定语从句中通常作宾语,不能作主语;“what” 不能引导定语从句。而 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语,所以选 B。
2.Do you know the man _________ saved three pupils in the accident?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “the man”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ saved three pupils in the accident” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物,不符合要求;“whom” 通常作宾语,不符合此处作主语的情况;“who” 和 “that” 都可用于指人作主语引导定语从句,本题选项中只有 “that”,所以选 D。
3.What are you looking for? I'm looking for the watch _________ I bought yesterday.
A. that B. which C. (可省略) D. all of the above
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “the watch”,指物,在定语从句 “_________ I bought yesterday” 中作宾语。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以用 “that”“which”,同时也可以省略,所以 A、B、C 选项都是正确的,综合起来选 D,表示以上选项都符合要求。
4.The first thing _________ I'm going to do is to send an e-mail to Peter.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “The first thing”,被序数词 “first” 修饰,在定语从句 “_________ I'm going to do” 中作宾语。当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时,关系代词通常用 “that”,不用 “which”;“who” 用于指人;“what” 不能引导定语从句,所以选 D。
5.The factory _________ we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “The factory”,指物,在定语从句 “_________ we'll visit next week” 中作宾语。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且先行词指物时,可以用 “that”“which”,也可省略,但本题选项中只有 “that” 符合语法要求,所以选 D。“who” 用于指人;“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合此处语法规则。
(四)综合题
1.I can never forget the day _________ we worked together and the day _________ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. that; what
答案解析
选 A。
解析:对于第一个空,先行词是 “the day”,在定语从句 “we worked together” 中,“the day” 作时间状语,用来表示工作的时间,此时关系副词要用 “when”,引导定语从句对先行词 “the day” 进行修饰限定;对于第二个空,先行词同样是 “the day”,但在定语从句 “we spent together” 中,“the day” 作宾语,即 “spent” 这个动作的对象,关系代词要用 “which” 或者 “that”。所以综合起来选择 A 选项。“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合此处语法要求,故排除 C、D 选项。
2.Do you know the girl _________ is dancing over there?
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “the girl”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ is dancing over there” 中作主语。关系代词 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语;“which” 用于指物,不符合先行词指人的情况;“whom” 在定语从句中通常作宾语,不能作主语;“whose” 表示所属关系,在从句中作定语,不符合此处作主语的语法要求,所以选 A。
3.The letter is from my sister _________ is working in Beijing.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “my sister”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ is working in Beijing” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物,不符合要求;“who” 和 “that” 都可用于指人作主语引导定语从句,本题选项中只有 “that”,所以选 D。“whom” 通常作宾语,不符合此处作主语的情况。
4.What do you think of lemon? Terrible. I like fruit _________ tastes sweet.
A. who B. what C. which D. that
答案解析
选 C、D。
解析:先行词是“fruit”,指物,在定语从句 “_________ tastes sweet” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 和 “that” 都可用于指物且作主语引导定语从句,所以 C、D 选项都符合要求。“who” 用于指人,不符合先行词指物的情况;“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合语法规则。
5.In China, those _________ were born in the Year of Sheep are said to be creative and sensitive.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
答案解析
选 B。
解析:先行词是 “those”,在这里指代人,在定语从句 “_________ were born in the Year of Sheep” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物,不符合要求;“who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语;“whom” 通常作宾语,不符合此处作主语的情况;“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合语法规则,所以选 B。
(五)易错难题
1.He talked a lot about things and persons _________ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
答案解析
选 B。
解析:先行词既包含 “things”(物)又包含 “persons”(人),当先行词既有人又有物时,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常用 “that”,它可以指代多种不同性质的先行词,引导定语从句对其进行修饰限定。“which” 主要用于指物作主语或宾语等情况;“who” 只用于指人作主语或宾语(多作主语);“what” 不能引导定语从句,不符合语法规则,所以选 B。
2.I want to visit a place _________ is famous for its scenery.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “a place”,指物,在定语从句 “_________ is famous for its scenery” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物且可在定语从句中作主语,符合此处语法要求;“where” 在定语从句中通常作地点状语,不符合作主语的情况;“what” 不能引导定语从句;“who” 用于指人,不符合先行词指物的情况,所以选 A。
3.Kunqu Opera _________ influences many forms of opera is known as the mother of a.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “Kunqu Opera”,指物,在定语从句 “_________ influences many forms of opera” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物且能作主语引导定语从句,符合要求;“where” 作地点状语,不符合此处作主语的语法;“what” 不能引导定语从句;“who” 用于指人,不符合先行词指物的情况,所以选 A。
4.The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _________ I have ever read.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
答案解析
选 A。
解析:先行词是 “the most touching books”,指物,且先行词被最高级 “the most touching” 修饰,在这种情况下,关系代词只能用 “that” 来引导定语从句,不能用 “which” 等其他关系代词,“what” 不能引导定语从句,“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的语义和用法要求,不符合此处语境,所以选 A。
5.According to a recent study, adults _________ often do housework might stay healthy into old age.
A. which B. where C. who D. what
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “adults”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ often do housework” 中作主语。关系代词 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语,符合语法要求;“which” 用于指物,不符合先行词指人的情况;“where” 在定语从句中作地点状语,不符合作主语的情况;“what” 不能引导定语从句,所以选 C。
6.The girl _________ catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.
A. which B. where C. who D. what
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “The girl”,指人,在定语从句 “_________ catches the flowers on a wedding” 中作主语。关系代词 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语,符合此处语法要求;“which” 用于指物,不符合先行词指人的情况;“where” 在定语从句中作地点状语,不符合作主语的情况;“what” 不能引导定语从句,所以选 C。
7.Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV? Sure. It’s a great TV program _________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
A. which B. that C. what D. whose
答案解析
选 D。
解析:先行词是 “a great TV program”,关系词在定语从句中做 “purpose” 的定语,表示所属关系,即 “这个电视节目的目的”,这种情况下要用关系代词 “whose” 来引导定语从句,“which”“that” 主要是在从句中作主语、宾语等成分;“what” 不能引导定语从句,所以选 D。
8.Is this the museum _________ you visited last year?
A. which B. that C. all of the above
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “the museum”,指物,在定语从句 “you visited last year” 中作宾语。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以用 “that”“which”,同时也可以省略,所以 A、B、选项都是正确的,综合起来选 C,表示以上选项都符合要求。
9.I still remember all the stories _________ my grandma told me.
A. which B. that C.all of the above
答案解析
选 C。
解析:先行词是 “all the stories”,指物,在定语从句 “my grandma told me” 中作宾语。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以用 “that”“which”,同时也可以省略,所以 A、B选项都是正确的,综合起来选 C,表示以上选项都符合要求。
10.The only thing _________ can help you is working.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
答案解析
选 B。
解析:先行词是 “The only thing”,被 “the only” 修饰,在定语从句 “_________ can help you” 中作主语。当先行词被 “the only”“the very” 等限定词修饰时,关系代词通常用 “that” 来引导定语从句,不能用 “which” 等其他关系代词,“what” 不能引导定语从句,“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的语义和用法要求,不符合此处语境,所以选 B。
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