第17讲 中考必考语法专项（宾语从句）-2025年精编中考英语语法高效提分宝典

第17讲 宾语从句 一、考情分析 （一）考情分析 1.考查频率高 宾语从句是近三年英语中考的重点考查内容之一，在各地中考卷中出现的频率较高，通常每年都会有 2 至 4 道相关题目。 2.注重综合考查 不仅考查对宾语从句基本结构和用法的掌握，还注重在具体语境中对其引导词、语序、时态等的综合运用能力的考查。 （二）常考题型 1.单项选择 （2024 年江苏卷）I believe ________ the Spring Festival will be fun. A. that B. how C. whether D. if 答案：A 。 分析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词，从句为陈述句，且不缺成分，用 that 引导。 2.完形填空 （2023 年天津卷）Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist, the pain would get ________. A. nicer B. smaller C. warmer D. worse 答案：D 。 分析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词 that 引导的宾语从句，在句中作 told 的宾语，根据语境 “如果他不去看牙医，疼痛会变得更严重”，应填 worse。 二、考点分析 （一）基本概念 宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句子中作宾语。它可以跟在及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后，起到充当宾语的作用，即用来表达一个完整的意思，作为前面动词、介词或形容词的对象。 “I know that he is a good student.”（我知道他是一个好学生），“that he is a good student” 就是宾语从句，作 “know” 的宾语。 （二）引导词 1.that that 引导宾语从句时，本身没有实际意义，在口语和非正式文体中常常可以省略。它主要用于陈述一个事实。例如：She said (that) she would come.（她说她会来。这里 “that” 可省略，“she would come” 是陈述一个将要发生的事情） 常用于一些表示观点、信念、陈述等的动词后，如 think、believe、suppose、know、say 等。 2.if 和 whether if 和 whether 都表示 “是否”，在引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换。 ✦宾语从句中只用 whether 的情况 （1）与 or not 直接连用 当句子中有 “or not” 表示 “是否” 的意思时，引导词只能用 whether。这是因为在这种情况下，whether...or not 结构更加明确地表达了选择或不确定性。 I don't know whether or not he will come to the party.（我不知道他是否会来参加聚会。这里如果用 if，句子会不符合语法规则） （2）引导的从句作介词宾语 在英语语法中，if 不能引导作介词宾语的从句，而 whether 可以。因为从语法规则角度，这种情况下需要一个更具正式和通用性质的引导词来连接从句和介词。 It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow.（这取决于明天是否会下雨。“on” 是介词，后面的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导） （3）从句位于句首 当宾语从句放在句首时，为了使句子结构更符合语法规范和语义表达的严谨性，只能使用 whether。这种用法相对正式，通常用于书面语或比较强调从句内容的情况。 Whether he can pass the exam is still a question.（他是否能通过考试仍然是个问题。这里把从句放在句首起强调作用，不能用 if） （4）在 discuss（讨论）、decide（决定）等动词后 这些动词在语义上更强调对两种或多种可能性进行权衡、审议，使用 whether 更能体现这种慎重考虑的意味。 We are discussing whether we should go on a picnic this weekend.（我们正在讨论这个周末是否应该去野餐。使用 whether 更符合 “讨论” 这个动作所涉及的权衡选择的语境） 3.连接代词（what、who、whom、whose、which） 连接代词 用法和含义 例句 what 表示 “什么”，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语 I don't know what he is doing. who 表示 “谁”，在从句中作主语或表语 Can you tell me who is the tallest in your class? whom 表示 “谁”，在从句中作宾语 I don't know whom he is waiting for. whose 表示 “谁的”，在从句中作定语 I want to know whose book this is. which 表示 “哪一个”，在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 She asked me which one I liked better. （4）连接副词（when、where、why、how） 连接代词 用法和含义 例句 when 表示 “什么时候” Can you tell me when the meeting will start? where 表示 “在哪里” I don't know where he lives. why 表示 “为什么” He explained why he was late. how 表示 “怎样，如何” She showed me how to use the computer. which 表示 “哪一个”，在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 She asked me which one I liked better. （三）宾语从句的时态 1.主句是一般现在时 宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。 I know that he is at school now.（从句用一般现在时，表示现在的状态） I think he will come tomorrow.（从句用一般将来时，表示将来的动作） I hear that he went to Beijing last week.（从句用一般过去时，表示过去的动作） 2.主句是一般过去时 宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等），但如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、科学事实等，仍用一般现在时。 （1）一般过去时 She said that she was busy.（“said” 是一般过去时，从句 “was busy” 也用过去的时态，表示过去的状态） （2）过去进行时 He told me that he was reading a book at that time.（“told” 是一般过去时，从句 “was reading” 用过去进行时，表示当时正在进行的动作） （3）过去完成时 She knew that she had made a mistake.（“knew” 是一般过去时，从句 “had made” 用过去完成时，表示过去的过去） 3.客观真理 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（虽然 “told” 是一般过去时，但 “地球绕着太阳转” 是客观真理，从句用一般现在时） （四）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。 I don't know what he is doing.（正确，“what he is doing” 是陈述句语序，“he” 是主语，“is doing” 是谓语）而不能写成 I don't know what is he doing.（错误，这是疑问句语序） （五）在中考中的考查形式 1.单项选择题 （1）考查引导词的选择 根据句子的语义和从句在句中的成分，选择合适的引导词。 I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. whether B. if C. that 答案是 A，因为 “whether...or not” 是固定搭配，用于表示 “是否” （2）考查宾语从句的时态和语序 He asked me ______ I ______ (see) the movie before. 答案是 “if/whether; had seen”，第一空考查引导词的选择，第二空考查主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时，同时注意要用陈述句语序。 2.句型转换 将直接引语改为间接引语（主要涉及宾语从句） He said, “I am happy.”（改为）He said that he was happy.（注意人称、时态和语序的变化） 3.注意事项 要牢记宾语从句的引导词的用法和区别，特别是 if 和 whether 的特殊情况，以及连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当的成分。 注意宾语从句的时态呼应，根据主句的时态来正确选择从句的时态。同时，一定要保证从句是陈述句语序，避免出现语序错误。多做练习题可以加深对宾语从句知识点的理解和运用。 三、课后练习 1. —Could you tell me ______? —Sure. He's a doctor. A. what is your father B. what your father is C. who is your father D. who your father is 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“He's a doctor.”可知是询问职业，应该用what，而不是who，所以选B。 2. —I don't know ______ he will come to my birthday party. —Maybe he will come if he is free. A. whether B. where C. how D. what 答案：A 解析：根据答语“Maybe he will come if he is free.”可知，这里是说不知道他是否会来参加生日派对，“是否”用whether或if，所以选A。 3. —Can you tell me ______ you got the news? —From my friend. A. where B. when C. how D. who 答案：C 解析：根据答语“From my friend.”可知是询问得到消息的方式，“怎样”用how，所以选C。 4. —Do you know ______ the meeting will start? —In about ten minutes. A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. what time 答案：B 解析：根据答语“In about ten minutes.”（大约十分钟后）可知是询问会议还要多久开始，“多久以后”用how soon，所以选B。 5. —Could you tell me ______? —At 8:00 at the school gate. A. when we'll meet B. where we'll meet C. who we'll meet D. how we'll meet 答案：A 解析：根据答语“At 8:00 at the school gate.”可知是询问见面的时间，所以选A。 6. —I want to know ______ or not he will come. —He'll come if he has time. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 答案：B 解析：“whether...or not”是固定搭配，表示“是否”，所以选B。 7. —Do you know ______? —Yes, I do. She came here on foot. A. how Linda came here B. how did Linda come here C. when Linda came here D. when did Linda come here 答案：A 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，B和D选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“She came here on foot.”可知是询问来这里的方式，所以选A。 8. —I wonder ______ the book is worth reading. —Yes, it's very educational. A. that B. if C. what D. which 答案：B 解析：根据答语“Yes, it's very educational.”可知是在询问这本书是否值得读，“是否”用if或whether，所以选B。 9. —Could you tell me ______? —It's Lucy's. A. whose book is it B. whose book it is C. who book is it D. who book it is 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“It's Lucy's.”可知是询问书是谁的，所以用whose，选B。 10. —Do you know ______? —He's gone to the library. A. where is Tom B. where Tom is C. where was Tom D. where Tom was 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“He's gone to the library.”可知是询问现在在哪里，所以用一般现在时，选B。 11. —I don't know ______ to do next. —You can ask your teacher for help. A. how B. what C. where D. when 答案：B 解析：“what to do”是“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，表示“做什么”，这里是说不知道接下来做什么，所以选B。 12. —Can you tell me ______ you usually play football? —After school. A. what B. where C. when D. who 答案：C 解析：根据答语“After school.”可知是询问时间，所以选C。 13. —I want to know ______ you like the movie. —It's wonderful. A. why B. that C. if D. what 答案：C 解析：根据答语“It's wonderful.”可知是询问是否喜欢这部电影，“是否”用if或whether，所以选C。 14. —Do you know ______? —Yes, it's on June 1st. A. when is Children's Day B. when Children's Day is C. what is Children's Day D. what Children's Day is 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“it's on June 1st.”可知是询问儿童节是什么时候，所以选B。 15. —Could you tell me ______? —By bus. A. how did you come here B. how you came here C. where did you come from D. where you came from 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“By bus.”可知是询问来这里的方式，所以选B。 16. —I'm not sure ______ he will come to the party. —If he comes, I'll call you. A. whether B. that C. where D. when 答案：A 解析：根据答语“If he comes, I'll call you.”可知是不确定他是否会来参加派对，“是否”用whether或if，所以选A。 17. —Do you know ______? —It's about ten minutes' walk. A. how far is it from here B. how far it is from here C. how long is it from here D. how long it is from here 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“It's about ten minutes' walk.”可知是询问距离，“多远”用how far，所以选B。 18. —I wonder ______ you can help me with my English. —Sure, I'd be glad to. A. that B. if C. what D. which 答案：B 解析：根据答语“Sure, I'd be glad to.”可知是询问是否能帮助我学英语，“是否”用if或whether，所以选B。 19. —Could you tell me ______? —I'm not sure. Maybe next week. A. when he will come back B. when will he come back C. where he will come back D. where will he come back 答案：A 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，B和D选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“Maybe next week.”可知是询问什么时候回来，所以选A。 20. —Do you know ______? —She's a nurse. A. what is she B. what she is C. who is she D. who she is 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“She's a nurse.”可知是询问职业，所以用what，选B。 21. —I don't know ______ the train will arrive. —At 9:00. A. what time B. where C. how D. which 答案：A 解析：根据答语“At 9:00.”可知是询问火车到达的时间，“几点”用what time，所以选A。 22. —Could you tell me ______? —Because it's fun. A. why you like the game B. why do you like the game C. what you like the game D. what do you like the game 答案：A 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，B和D选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“Because it's fun.”可知是询问原因，所以用why，选A。 23. —I want to know ______ you have a brother or sister. —Yes, I have a sister. A. if B. that C. what D. which 答案：A 解析：根据答语“Yes, I have a sister.”可知是询问是否有兄弟姐妹，“是否”用if或whether，所以选A。 24. —Do you know ______? —It's in the desk. A. where is my pen B. where my pen is C. what is my pen D. what my pen is 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“It's in the desk.”可知是询问地点，所以用where，选B。 25. —Could you tell me ______? —Sure. I'll show you. A. how can I get to the library B. how I can get to the library C. where can I get to the library D. where I can get to the library 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“Sure. I'll show you.”可知是询问怎样去图书馆，所以用how，选B。 26. —I'm not sure ______ he will go to school today. —He may be ill. A. that B. if C. what D. where 答案：B 解析：根据答语“He may be ill.”可知是不确定他今天是否会去上学，“是否”用if或whether，所以选B。 27. —Do you know ______? —It's made in China. A. where is the toy made B. where the toy is made C. what is the toy made D. what the toy is made 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“It's made in China.”可知是询问产地，所以用where，选B。 28. —I wonder ______ you'll come to my party. —I'd love to. A. that B. if C. what D. which 答案：B 解析：根据答语“I'd love to.”可知是询问是否会来参加派对，“是否”用if或whether，所以选B。 29. —Could you tell me ______? —It's a book about history. A. what is it B. what it is C. who is it D. who it is 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“It's a book about history.”可知是询问是什么，所以用what，选B。 30. —Do you know ______? —He left an hour ago. A. when did he leave B. when he left C. where did he leave D. where he left 答案：B 解析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A和C选项是疑问句语序，所以排除。根据答语“He left an hour ago.”可知是询问离开的时间，所以选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第17讲 宾语从句 一、考情分析 （一）考情分析 1.考查频率高 宾语从句是近三年英语中考的重点考查内容之一，在各地中考卷中出现的频率较高，通常每年都会有 2 至 4 道相关题目。 2.注重综合考查 不仅考查对宾语从句基本结构和用法的掌握，还注重在具体语境中对其引导词、语序、时态等的综合运用能力的考查。 （二）常考题型 1.单项选择 （2024 年江苏卷）I believe ________ the Spring Festival will be fun. A. that B. how C. whether D. if 2.完形填空 （2023 年天津卷）Tom's mother told him that if he did not visit the dentist, the pain would get ________. A. nicer B. smaller C. warmer D. worse 二、考点分析 （一）基本概念 宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句子中作宾语。它可以跟在及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后，起到充当宾语的作用，即用来表达一个完整的意思，作为前面动词、介词或形容词的对象。 “I know that he is a good student.”（我知道他是一个好学生），“that he is a good student” 就是宾语从句，作 “know” 的宾语。 （二）引导词 1.that that 引导宾语从句时，本身没有实际意义，在口语和非正式文体中常常可以省略。它主要用于陈述一个事实。例如：She said (that) she would come.（她说她会来。这里 “that” 可省略，“she would come” 是陈述一个将要发生的事情） 常用于一些表示观点、信念、陈述等的动词后，如 think、believe、suppose、know、say 等。 2.if 和 whether if 和 whether 都表示 “是否”，在引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换。 ✦宾语从句中只用 whether 的情况 （1）与 or not 直接连用 当句子中有 “or not” 表示 “是否” 的意思时，引导词只能用 whether。这是因为在这种情况下，whether...or not 结构更加明确地表达了选择或不确定性。 I don't know whether or not he will come to the party.（我不知道他是否会来参加聚会。这里如果用 if，句子会不符合语法规则） （2）引导的从句作介词宾语 在英语语法中，if 不能引导作介词宾语的从句，而 whether 可以。因为从语法规则角度，这种情况下需要一个更具正式和通用性质的引导词来连接从句和介词。 It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow.（这取决于明天是否会下雨。“on” 是介词，后面的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导） （3）从句位于句首 当宾语从句放在句首时，为了使句子结构更符合语法规范和语义表达的严谨性，只能使用 whether。这种用法相对正式，通常用于书面语或比较强调从句内容的情况。 Whether he can pass the exam is still a question.（他是否能通过考试仍然是个问题。这里把从句放在句首起强调作用，不能用 if） （4）在 discuss（讨论）、decide（决定）等动词后 这些动词在语义上更强调对两种或多种可能性进行权衡、审议，使用 whether 更能体现这种慎重考虑的意味。 We are discussing whether we should go on a picnic this weekend.（我们正在讨论这个周末是否应该去野餐。使用 whether 更符合 “讨论” 这个动作所涉及的权衡选择的语境） 3.连接代词（what、who、whom、whose、which） 连接代词 用法和含义 例句 what 表示 “什么”，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语 I don't know what he is doing. who 表示 “谁”，在从句中作主语或表语 Can you tell me who is the tallest in your class? whom 表示 “谁”，在从句中作宾语 I don't know whom he is waiting for. whose 表示 “谁的”，在从句中作定语 I want to know whose book this is. which 表示 “哪一个”，在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 She asked me which one I liked better. （4）连接副词（when、where、why、how） 连接代词 用法和含义 例句 when 表示 “什么时候” Can you tell me when the meeting will start? where 表示 “在哪里” I don't know where he lives. why 表示 “为什么” He explained why he was late. how 表示 “怎样，如何” She showed me how to use the computer. which 表示 “哪一个”，在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 She asked me which one I liked better. （三）宾语从句的时态 1.主句是一般现在时 宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。 I know that he is at school now.（从句用一般现在时，表示现在的状态） I think he will come tomorrow.（从句用一般将来时，表示将来的动作） I hear that he went to Beijing last week.（从句用一般过去时，表示过去的动作） 2.主句是一般过去时 宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等），但如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、科学事实等，仍用一般现在时。 （1）一般过去时 She said that she was busy.（“said” 是一般过去时，从句 “was busy” 也用过去的时态，表示过去的状态） （2）过去进行时 He told me that he was reading a book at that time.（“told” 是一般过去时，从句 “was reading” 用过去进行时，表示当时正在进行的动作） （3）过去完成时 She knew that she had made a mistake.（“knew” 是一般过去时，从句 “had made” 用过去完成时，表示过去的过去） 3.客观真理 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（虽然 “told” 是一般过去时，但 “地球绕着太阳转” 是客观真理，从句用一般现在时） （四）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。 I don't know what he is doing.（正确，“what he is doing” 是陈述句语序，“he” 是主语，“is doing” 是谓语）而不能写成 I don't know what is he doing.（错误，这是疑问句语序） （五）在中考中的考查形式 1.单项选择题 （1）考查引导词的选择 根据句子的语义和从句在句中的成分，选择合适的引导词。 I don't know ______ he will come or not. A. whether B. if C. that （2）考查宾语从句的时态和语序 He asked me ______ I ______ (see) the movie before. 2.句型转换 将直接引语改为间接引语（主要涉及宾语从句） He said, “I am happy.”（改为）He said that he was happy.（注意人称、时态和语序的变化） 3.注意事项 要牢记宾语从句的引导词的用法和区别，特别是 if 和 whether 的特殊情况，以及连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当的成分。 注意宾语从句的时态呼应，根据主句的时态来正确选择从句的时态。同时，一定要保证从句是陈述句语序，避免出现语序错误。多做练习题可以加深对宾语从句知识点的理解和运用。 三、课后练习 1. —Could you tell me ______? —Sure. He's a doctor. A. what is your father B. what your father is C. who is your father D. who your father is 2. —I don't know ______ he will come to my birthday party. —Maybe he will come if he is free. A. whether B. where C. how D. what 3. —Can you tell me ______ you got the news? —From my friend. A. where B. when C. how D. who 4. —Do you know ______ the meeting will start? —In about ten minutes. A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. what time 5. —Could you tell me ______? —At 8:00 at the school gate. A. when we'll meet B. where we'll meet C. who we'll meet D. how we'll meet 6. —I want to know ______ or not he will come. —He'll come if he has time. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 7. —Do you know ______? —Yes, I do. She came here on foot. A. how Linda came here B. how did Linda come here C. when Linda came here D. when did Linda come here 8. —I wonder ______ the book is worth reading. —Yes, it's very educational. A. that B. if C. what D. which 9. —Could you tell me ______? —It's Lucy's. A. whose book is it B. whose book it is C. who book is it D. who book it is 10. —Do you know ______? —He's gone to the library. A. where is Tom B. where Tom is C. where was Tom D. where Tom was 11. —I don't know ______ to do next. —You can ask your teacher for help. A. how B. what C. where D. when 12. —Can you tell me ______ you usually play football? —After school. A. what B. where C. when D. who 13. —I want to know ______ you like the movie. —It's wonderful. A. why B. that C. if D. what 14. —Do you know ______? —Yes, it's on June 1st. A. when is Children's Day B. when Children's Day is C. what is Children's Day D. what Children's Day is 15. —Could you tell me ______? —By bus. A. how did you come here B. how you came here C. where did you come from D. where you came from 16. —I'm not sure ______ he will come to the party. —If he comes, I'll call you. A. whether B. that C. where D. when 17. —Do you know ______? —It's about ten minutes' walk. A. how far is it from here B. how far it is from here C. how long is it from here D. how long it is from here 18. —I wonder ______ you can help me with my English. —Sure, I'd be glad to. A. that B. if C. what D. which 19. —Could you tell me ______? —I'm not sure. Maybe next week. A. when he will come back B. when will he come back C. where he will come back D. where will he come back 20. —Do you know ______? —She's a nurse. A. what is she B. what she is C. who is she D. who she is 21. —I don't know ______ the train will arrive. —At 9:00. A. what time B. where C. how D. which 22. —Could you tell me ______? —Because it's fun. A. why you like the game B. why do you like the game C. what you like the game D. what do you like the game 23. —I want to know ______ you have a brother or sister. —Yes, I have a sister. A. if B. that C. what D. which 24. —Do you know ______? —It's in the desk. A. where is my pen B. where my pen is C. what is my pen D. what my pen is 25. —Could you tell me ______? —Sure. I'll show you. A. how can I get to the library B. how I can get to the library C. where can I get to the library D. where I can get to the library 26. —I'm not sure ______ he will go to school today. —He may be ill. A. that B. if C. what D. where 27. —Do you know ______? —It's made in China. A. where is the toy made B. where the toy is made C. what is the toy made D. what the toy is made 28. —I wonder ______ you'll come to my party. —I'd love to. A. that B. if C. what D. which 29. —Could you tell me ______? —It's a book about history. A. what is it B. what it is C. who is it D. who it is 30. —Do you know ______? —He left an hour ago. A. when did he leave B. when he left C. where did he leave D. where he left 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$