专题07 find和with复合结构的用法-【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题07 find和with复合结构的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 find复合结构的基本用法 考点二 with复合结构的基本用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 find复合结构的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 在find复合结构，即“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，通常可以作宾语补足语的有：名词（短语）、形容词（短语）、副词、介词（短语）、不定式（短语）、现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）等。 1.find+宾语+n. We found him a hero at last.我们最后发现他是一名英雄。 2.find+宾语+adj. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. （新教材人教必修一课本原句P4）我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。 3.find+宾语+adv. When I called to see him, I found him out.当我去拜访他时，发现他不在家。 4.find+宾语+介词短语 She found herself in a different world when she woke up.当她醒过来的时候，她发现自己在一个不同的世界。 5.find+宾语+to do We find him to be a good teacher. 我们发现他是一位好老师。 6.find+宾语+doing（表示主动或进行） When the teacher came into the classroom, he found all the students laughing and talking.当老师走进教室的时 7.find+宾语+done（表示被动或完成） When he arrived, he found all the work done.当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。 注意： 在此结构中，如果宾语过长，为了保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。其句型为：主语+find+it +宾语补足语（adj./n.)+真正的宾语。 think, believe, make, feel 等词常用于此句型。 I think it important for us to learn English well. 我认为对我们来说学好英语很重要。 1.He found it necessary for us ____ (help) and learn from each other. 2.In the reading room, we found her ________ (seat) at a desk, with her attention fixed on a book. 3.Tom was found (head) for the bank． 4.However, when preparing for the English speech contest, I found it very (challenge) to collect information and use language correctly. 5.I find impossible to communicate with him. 6.I found my wallet        (steal) when I got to the cinema. 7.It was the first time that I had found him so (anxiety)． 8.I had hardly finished my lessons when I found myself (surround) by many students． 9.Go down the street ,and you will find the taxi ______(wait) for you near the bus station. 10. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find     (they) alive. with复合结构的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，是高中英语教材中的一个重要结构，它在句中主要用作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等。其中的"宾语补足语"可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语。 1.with+宾语+名词 They live in Chengdu with their son a teacher in a school. 他们住在成都,他们的儿子在一所学校当教师. We are happy with him our leader. 由他当我们的领导，我们很高兴。 2.with+宾语+形容词 He often sleeps with the windows open.  他常开着窗睡觉。 Don't speak with your mouth full.  不要满嘴巴食物说话。 3.with+宾语+副词 He stood there with his head down.  他低着头站在那里。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.  他穿着衣躺在床上。 4.with+宾语+介词短语 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 The man was asleep with his head on his arms.  这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。 5.with+宾语+现在分词 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 With the baby still crying, he left the room.宝宝还在哭着呢，他就离开了房间。 6.with+宾语+过去分词 With my hands tied, I couldn't open the door. 双手被绑，我无法打开门。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。 7.with+宾语+动词不定式 I can't go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 With no one to talk to, John felt down. 由于没人可以说话的人，约翰闷闷不乐。 1.China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries __________(recognize) its role in international affairs. 2. When walking into the hall, I noticed a man standing by the table, with his eyes _________ (focus) on a picture on the wall. 3. She came into the room, __________ her nose red because of cold. 4.With a lot of difficult problems __________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 5. He lay in the dark empty house, feeling helpless, __________ anyone to turn to. 6. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____________(burn) . 7. With all the aims he set for himself ______________ (achieve), he decided to take a holiday to relax himself. 8. It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished． 9.——Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. ——Sorry. With so much work _________ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. 10.With nothing _______(leave) to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A I can speak three foreign languages:English,Italian and Russian.I like learning English.I think it is very important to know other languages.We can talk with people around the world when we travel;we can listen to and understand foreign music,read books on foreign languages...Wherever you go you need it. —Dzeni I’m from Macedonia,so Macedonian is my mother language.I also speak English,French and Serbian.Macedonian and Serbian have much in common.I understand a little Spanish,too. I love learning English.I started learning English when I was 8.Now I’m 14 and I’m still enjoying learning English.It’s one of my favourite languages and I’m hoping that one day I’ll be able to speak English with a real British accent.I love my language,but I also love learning new languages,new things and things about new cultures.In the future maybe I’d like to learn to speak Spanish and Turkish.It’s very important for me to speak foreign languages,because that skill makes me feel special,smart and powerful at the same time. —Cklj I’m from the Czech Republic,so my first language is of course Czech.I just love English.It’s my first foreign language and it’s compulsory for almost every child in the CR. My second foreign language is German.That is now compulsory in year 8—either German,French or Russian in my school.I first thought German was really useless,because everyone in Germany speaks English.But then I went to Germany for an exchange.We were supposed to speak English there and we did.But I had to speak German with my exchange partner’s parents.Then I started to be interested and pretty good at it. —Ribana 1.Which language is the one that the three can all speak? A.English.　　　　　　　 B.Italian. C.Russian. D.German. 2.Which of the following is TRUE? A.Cklj has learned English for eight years. B.Cklj is fond of British English. C.Cklj is sure to become a linguist in the future. D.Cklj is now learning Spanish and Turkish. 3.What can we conclude according to Ribana? A.In the Czech Republic,almost every kid has to learn English. B.Ribana still thinks German is of no use. C.All Germans speak English as their first foreign language. D.German is popular in Europe. 4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A.The Czech Republic. B.Exchange. C.French. D.German. B If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice:There are four skills in learning English.They are reading,listening,speaking and writing.The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills,you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can.But your reading must be active.It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences,the meaning of the unfamiliar words,etc.There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across,but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognise them whenever you see them,for example in other passages or books,is enough.It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.  As for listening,there are two choices:besides reading,you can listen every day for about 30 minutes.You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading,and then you can catch up on your listening.Since you have lots of inputs in your mind,you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say.This never means that you should not practise listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children.Their languages are easy.Or if you are good at listening you can listen to English programmes every day.Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice,your speaking and writing skills will improve automatically and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 5.According to the author,which should you improve first among the four skills? A.Reading and listening. B.Reading and writing. C.Speaking and writing. D.Listening and speaking. 6.The underlined phrase “come across” in the second paragraph can probably be replaced by “　　　”.  A.discover B.meet by accident C.find on purpose D.look for 7.The author seems to agree with the view that 　　　.  A.everyone should listen to English programmes every day B.you needn’t practise listening if you keep on reading every day C.being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening D.you should take notes of whatever you are hearing 8.The passage is mainly about how to 　　　.  A.choose suitable listening materials B.deal with new words in reading C.improve your English as quickly as possible D.become fluent in speaking and writing skills in English 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 After completing my Ph. D. in Germany, I applied for a job at a consulting company. I spent months making ___1___ before getting a phone call from the company. “Unluckily, we decided to ___2___ the job to someone else,” the voice said. But the ___3___ wasn’t over. “Would you like to hear feedback (反馈) from us?” He went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly stated my ___4___ for applying for the position. I quickly realized he was right. I wasn’t ___5___ about what I applied for. I didn’t feel ___6___ about the job at the consulting company, and that clearly ___7___ in the interview. From then on, I decided to ___8___ judge each job opening to make sure it truly ___9___ my interest. In my applications, I stated more clearly why I wanted that ___10___ job. Soon my effort started to ___11___, as I got an offer I was excited about. A few years later, I found myself on the other side of the interview ___12___. I was interviewing people for the first Ph. D. position in my lab. I was particularly looking forward to talking with one candidate; his application looked ___13___, but the interview went badly, which made me wonder whether he was truly interested in working with me. I called and ___14___ where he could improve in future interviews, for which he was grateful. I’ve ___15___ several interviews in my lab, and always encourage them to ask for feedback at the end of the interview. 1. A. description B. communication C. preparations D. solutions 2. A. recommend B. deliver C. rent D. offer 3. A. conversation B. competition C. trade D. activity 4. A. excuse B. strategy C. purpose D. schedule 5. A. confused B. clear C. responsible D. powerful 6. A. empty B. graceful C. sorry D. crazy 7. A. showed B. improved C. cracked D. remained 8. A. obviously B. carefully C. nearly D. probably 9. A. protect B. record C. require D. suit 10. A. tiring B. amazing C. specific D. simple 11. A. pay off B. give off C. carry out D. hold out 12. A. building B. table C. legend D. rescue 13. A. alive B. believable C. impressive D. confident 14. A. contacted B. checked C. revised D. mentioned 15. A. hosted B. exchanged C. survived D. summarized 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A There are many differences between British English and American English.I used to teach a course about the differences between the two.We speak English on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean but we have many differences in our common language.We have examples of the same words having very different meanings,differing spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things.Here are some examples. A cookie in the US is called a biscuit in the UK.A biscuit in the US is a small cake in the UK.Crisps in the UK,are known as chips,but we British people eat a plate of chips that you call fries in the US.In the UK,a pie can be made from either meat or fruit,while in the US pies are normally made from fruit;pot pies are made from meat.Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US,not pounds and ounces. One very obvious difference is the side of the road we each choose to drive on.Petrol in the UK is gas in the US.The place where we fill up our cars,in the UK,is a garage;while in the US,it’s a gas station.The term garage is also used as a place to store your car next to or close by your house.In the UK we call a lorry what is known as a truck in the US. An elevator in the US is called a lift here,and the first floor in the US,is called the ground floor here,so many visitors get off on the wrong floor in British hotels. I could continue with this.There are countless examples of differences within our one shared language.With so many differences,no wonder it’s hard to understand each other well. 1.The passage is mainly about the differences between British English and American English in 　　　.  A.vocabulary B.grammar C.sound D.spelling 2.It’s implied in the passage that the author may be 　　　.  A.a driver from the US B.a cook from the US C.a teacher from the UK D.a gas station worker from the UK 3.In the author’s opinion,　　　.  A.language differences don’t affect understanding B.the same words in the two different types of English may have different spellings C.there will be fewer differences between American and British English in the future D.it is impossible that some Americans get off on the wrong floor in British hotels 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.“Elevator” is commonly used in the UK. B.Pies mean the same thing in the UK and the US. C.In the UK,things are measured in pounds and ounces. D.British and American people drive on the same side of the road. B This year I did something I’d never done—shopping at midnight on Black Friday after Thanksgiving. After all, you can get great deals online from the comfort of your bed over a hot cup of coffee. So why would I stand traffic, cold weather and crowds for a few bargains? For my teenagers, spending time with Mom is usually down on their list next to homework and picking up the dog waste. So, when they asked me to take them shopping at the mall at midnight on Black Friday, my first reaction was definitely no! But my son, who usually runs the other way if I mention shopping, wanted me to take him shopping. I felt needed, though I knew it was my wallet and a ride, not quality (高质量的) time with Mom that they wanted. Then the hour-long car ride. We followed songs on the radio and talked about the deals we hoped to get. I had opportunities to give them lessons on what not to do when driving, but I had to keep the peace. And we all connected as we sat with crazed smiles at midnight. The kids scanned for a spot once we finally reached the busy parking lot. There was something about standing in a line that snakes around the building in the freezing cold that brings people together. Once inside, we had to work as a team, hoping to come together with just the right size and color. As I dug through mountain s of clothing for a particular shirt for my husband and gave up, my daughter came toward me, shirt in hand and victory on her face. “I got the last one!” So we ended up at 3 am with some bargains. Nothing we couldn’t have found online or in stores at a reasonable hour. But for me, I got quality time with my kids. Driving home tired, looking in the mirror at my children’s sweet faces, I decided, “If they ask me to go again next year, I’m in.” 5. What did the kids need according to the author? A.Buying things online with comfort. B. Taking a cup of coffee comfortably. C. Shopping at their mother’s expense. D. Spending quality time with the family. 6. How did the author communicate with her kids during the drive to the mall? A. She shared their excitement. B. She taught them some songs. C. She taught them shopping tips. D. She lectured them on behavior. 7. Why did the daughter show victory on her face? A. She had worked as a team member. B. She had searched out her clothes. C. She had been in line to see a snake. D. She had found a shirt for her father. 8. How did the author find her shopping experience? A. Tiring. B. Enjoyable. C. Heart-broken. D. Money-wasting. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Strange things happened in the city of Tangshan. The well walls had deep cracks. A ___1___ (smell) gas came out of them. At 3:42 ___2___ the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. One of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. Soon the whole city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people ___3___ lived there were dead or injured. The number of people ___4___ (kill) in the quake was more than 240,000. Everything in the city __5___ (destroy). People were shocked at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army ___6___ (organize) teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for ___7___ (survive). Food and water were taken to the city. __8___ (slow), the city began to breathe again. Tangshan began to revive ___9___ (it) and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built. Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for ____10____ brighter future. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Bike Rental & Guided Tours （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. B （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 7. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____2____ came because she was carrying a ____3____ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____4____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____5____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____6____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____7____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____9____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme _____10_____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more _____11_____ about why her act is considered a big _____12_____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t _____13_____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ____14_____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the _____15_____ of human kindness won the day. 1. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 2. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 3. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor 4. A. race B. school C. town D. training 5. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 6. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 7. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 8. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 9. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 10. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 11. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 12. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 13. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand 14. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 15. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 find和with复合结构的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 find复合结构的基本用法 考点二 with复合结构的基本用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 find复合结构的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 在find复合结构，即“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，通常可以作宾语补足语的有：名词（短语）、形容词（短语）、副词、介词（短语）、不定式（短语）、现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）等。 1.find+宾语+n. We found him a hero at last.我们最后发现他是一名英雄。 2.find+宾语+adj. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. （新教材人教必修一课本原句P4）我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。 3.find+宾语+adv. When I called to see him, I found him out.当我去拜访他时，发现他不在家。 4.find+宾语+介词短语 She found herself in a different world when she woke up.当她醒过来的时候，她发现自己在一个不同的世界。 5.find+宾语+to do We find him to be a good teacher. 我们发现他是一位好老师。 6.find+宾语+doing（表示主动或进行） When the teacher came into the classroom, he found all the students laughing and talking.当老师走进教室的时 7.find+宾语+done（表示被动或完成） When he arrived, he found all the work done.当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都做完了。 注意： 在此结构中，如果宾语过长，为了保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。其句型为：主语+find+it +宾语补足语（adj./n.)+真正的宾语。 think, believe, make, feel 等词常用于此句型。 I think it important for us to learn English well. 我认为对我们来说学好英语很重要。 1.He found it necessary for us ____ (help) and learn from each other. 【解析】to help 【解析】他发现我们有必要互帮互助、互相学习。 考查find句式。find it + adj + (for sb) to do sth: 发现做某事怎么样；其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，因此应该填动词不定式，故填to help。 2.In the reading room, we found her ________ (seat) at a desk, with her attention fixed on a book. 【答案】seated 【解析】句意：我们发现她在阅览室，正坐在桌旁全神贯注地看书。 考查find复合结构。seat是及物动词，作宾补时，与her构成动宾关系，要用过去分词seated；故填seated。 3.Tom was found (head) for the bank． 【答案】heading 【解析】句意：人们发现Tom 朝着银行的方向走去．（find+宾语+宾补） 考查find复合结构。be found doing sth：被发现做某事，find+宾语+宾补的结构，Tom 朝着银行的方向走去，对Tom来说是主动向前走。故填heading。 4.However, when preparing for the English speech contest, I found it very (challenge) to collect information and use language correctly. 【答案】challenging 【解析】句意：然而，为英语演讲比赛做准备时，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言非常具有挑战性。 考查find句式。find it + adj + (for sb) to do sth: 发现做某事怎么样。根据句意可知，该空要用形容词作宾语补足语，故填challenging。 5.I find impossible to communicate with him. 【答案】it 【解析】我发现跟他沟通真的是不可能。 考查it形式宾语。find it + adj + (for sb) to do sth: 发现做某事怎么样。真正的宾语是to communicate with him。故填it。 6.I found my wallet        (steal) when I got to the cinema. 【答案】stolen 【解析】句意：当我到达电影院时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。 考查find复合结构。find+宾语+宾语补足语。wallet与动词steal之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填stolen。 7.It was the first time that I had found him so (anxiety)． 【答案】anxious 【解析】句意：那是我第一次见到他如此焦虑。 考查find复合结构。find+宾语+宾语补足语。根据句意可知，该空要用形容词作宾语补足语，故填anxious。 8.I had hardly finished my lessons when I found myself (surround) by many students． 【答案】surrounded 【解析】句意：我一上完课就发现自己被许多学生包围着。                  考查find复合结构。find+宾语+宾语补足语。myself与动词surround之间为被动关系，用动词的过去分词。故填surrounded。 9.Go down the street ,and you will find the taxi ______(wait) for you near the bus station. 【答案】waiting 【解析】句意：沿着这条街走，你会发现出租车在公交车站附近等你。 考查find复合结构。find+宾语+宾语补足语。此处wait与taxi构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填waiting。 10. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find     (they) alive. 【答案】them 【解析】句意：当大猩猩和我互相惊吓时，我很高兴发现他们还活着。 考查代词。该空要用人称代词的宾格形式them作find的宾语。故填them。 with复合结构的基本用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，是高中英语教材中的一个重要结构，它在句中主要用作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等。其中的"宾语补足语"可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语。 1.with+宾语+名词 They live in Chengdu with their son a teacher in a school. 他们住在成都,他们的儿子在一所学校当教师. We are happy with him our leader. 由他当我们的领导，我们很高兴。 2.with+宾语+形容词 He often sleeps with the windows open.  他常开着窗睡觉。 Don't speak with your mouth full.  不要满嘴巴食物说话。 3.with+宾语+副词 He stood there with his head down.  他低着头站在那里。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.  他穿着衣躺在床上。 4.with+宾语+介词短语 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 The man was asleep with his head on his arms.  这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。 5.with+宾语+现在分词 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 With the baby still crying, he left the room.宝宝还在哭着呢，他就离开了房间。 6.with+宾语+过去分词 With my hands tied, I couldn't open the door. 双手被绑，我无法打开门。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。 7.with+宾语+动词不定式 I can't go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 With no one to talk to, John felt down. 由于没人可以说话的人，约翰闷闷不乐。 1.China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries __________(recognize) its role in international affairs. 【答案】recognizing 【详解】句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。 考查with复合结构，“with+宾语+现在分词”结构。宾语countries和宾语补足语recognize之间逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填recognizing。 2. When walking into the hall, I noticed a man standing by the table, with his eyes _________ (focus) on a picture on the wall. 【答案】focused 【详解】句意：我走进大厅时，注意到一位男士站在桌子旁边，眼睛盯着墙上的一幅画。 考查with复合结构，“with+宾语+过去分词”结构。宾语eyes和宾语补足focus之间逻辑上是被动关系。故填focused。 3. She came into the room, __________ her nose red because of cold. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：因为寒冷，她鼻子红红的走进房间。 考查with复合结构。“with+宾语+形容词”结构，在句中作伴随状语。故填with。 4.With a lot of difficult problems __________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 【答案】to settle 【详解】句意：由于有许多困难的问题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。 考查with复合结构。“with+宾语+不定式”结构，不定式强调该动作将要发生。故填to settle。 5. He lay in the dark empty house, feeling helpless, __________ anyone to turn to. 【答案】without 【详解】句意：他躺在黑暗、空荡的房子里，没有人可以求助，感到无望。 考查without复合结构。根据句意，没有人可以求助，他感到无望。应用“without+代词+不定式”结构，作状语。故填without。 6. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____________(burn) . 【答案】burning 【详解】句意：他们假装开着灯努力工作了一整夜。 考查with复合结构。这是“with+宾语+现在分词”结构。宾语lights和宾语补足语burn之间逻辑上是主动关系。故填burning。 7. With all the aims he set for himself ______________ (achieve), he decided to take a holiday to relax himself. 【答案】achieved 【详解】句意：在完成所有为自己设置的目标后，他决定度假放松一下。 考查with复合结构。“with+宾语+过去分词”结构。宾语aims和宾语补足语achieve之间逻辑上是被动关系。故填achieved。 8. It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished． 【答案】with 【详解】句意：这位伟大的作家死了，他的作品没有完成，这真遗憾。 考查with复合结构。“with+宾语+过去分词”结构。设空处需要选用一个介词，与“his works unfinished”构成with复合结构，表示“带着未完成的作品”的意思。故填with。 9.——Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. ——Sorry. With so much work _________ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. 【答案】filling 【详解】句意：——拜托,请给我一些关于这个计划的想法。——对不起。这么多工作充满我的脑袋，我几乎要崩溃了。 考查with复合结构。题干中“with so much work _______ my mind”是一个with引导的复合结构，其中“so much work”是宾语，“_______ my mind”是宾语补足语。由于“so much work”与“fill”之间是主动关系，即“工作”是“填满”我的脑海的，所以应使用现在分词形式，故填filling。 10.With nothing _______(leave) to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out. 【答案】left 【详解】句意：剩下的没有什么东西可燃烧，火越来越弱最后熄灭了。 考查with复合结构。with+宾语+宾补结构，nothing和动词leave是被动关系，故用过去分词，故选left。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A I can speak three foreign languages:English,Italian and Russian.I like learning English.I think it is very important to know other languages.We can talk with people around the world when we travel;we can listen to and understand foreign music,read books on foreign languages...Wherever you go you need it. —Dzeni I’m from Macedonia,so Macedonian is my mother language.I also speak English,French and Serbian.Macedonian and Serbian have much in common.I understand a little Spanish,too. I love learning English.I started learning English when I was 8.Now I’m 14 and I’m still enjoying learning English.It’s one of my favourite languages and I’m hoping that one day I’ll be able to speak English with a real British accent.I love my language,but I also love learning new languages,new things and things about new cultures.In the future maybe I’d like to learn to speak Spanish and Turkish.It’s very important for me to speak foreign languages,because that skill makes me feel special,smart and powerful at the same time. —Cklj I’m from the Czech Republic,so my first language is of course Czech.I just love English.It’s my first foreign language and it’s compulsory for almost every child in the CR. My second foreign language is German.That is now compulsory in year 8—either German,French or Russian in my school.I first thought German was really useless,because everyone in Germany speaks English.But then I went to Germany for an exchange.We were supposed to speak English there and we did.But I had to speak German with my exchange partner’s parents.Then I started to be interested and pretty good at it. —Ribana 1.Which language is the one that the three can all speak? A.English.　　　　　　　 B.Italian. C.Russian. D.German. 2.Which of the following is TRUE? A.Cklj has learned English for eight years. B.Cklj is fond of British English. C.Cklj is sure to become a linguist in the future. D.Cklj is now learning Spanish and Turkish. 3.What can we conclude according to Ribana? A.In the Czech Republic,almost every kid has to learn English. B.Ribana still thinks German is of no use. C.All Germans speak English as their first foreign language. D.German is popular in Europe. 4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A.The Czech Republic. B.Exchange. C.French. D.German. 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 【解析】 【导语】本文中三个人主要介绍了他们学习外语的一些事情。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据三个人的叙述可知,他们都会说英语。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cklj的叙述中的“I’m hoping that one day I’ll be able to speak English with a real British accent”可知,Cklj喜欢英式英语。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Ribana叙述中的“it’s compulsory for almost every child in the CR”可知,在捷克共和国,几乎每个孩子都必须学习英语。compulsory表示“必修的,有义务的”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的描述可知,经过在德国的交流活动后,Ribana对德语感兴趣了,并且开始擅长德语了。故此处指德语。故选D项。 B If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice:There are four skills in learning English.They are reading,listening,speaking and writing.The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills,you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can.But your reading must be active.It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentences,the meaning of the unfamiliar words,etc.There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammar or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across,but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognise them whenever you see them,for example in other passages or books,is enough.It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.  As for listening,there are two choices:besides reading,you can listen every day for about 30 minutes.You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading,and then you can catch up on your listening.Since you have lots of inputs in your mind,you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say.This never means that you should not practise listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children.Their languages are easy.Or if you are good at listening you can listen to English programmes every day.Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice,your speaking and writing skills will improve automatically and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. 5.According to the author,which should you improve first among the four skills? A.Reading and listening. B.Reading and writing. C.Speaking and writing. D.Listening and speaking. 6.The underlined phrase “come across” in the second paragraph can probably be replaced by “　　　”.  A.discover B.meet by accident C.find on purpose D.look for 7.The author seems to agree with the view that 　　　.  A.everyone should listen to English programmes every day B.you needn’t practise listening if you keep on reading every day C.being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening D.you should take notes of whatever you are hearing 8.The passage is mainly about how to 　　　.  A.choose suitable listening materials B.deal with new words in reading C.improve your English as quickly as possible D.become fluent in speaking and writing skills in English 【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何流利地说英语和写英语。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The most important thing you must remember is that...you should first master the skills of reading and listening.”可知,你应该先提高阅读技能和听力技能。故选A项。 【6题详解】 词义猜测题。结合画线词所在句子可知,此处是指“不必试图理解在阅读中遇到的所有的不熟悉的单词”,所以come across意为“遇见”。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading,and then you can catch up on your listening.”可推知,善于阅读有助于提高听力,故选C项。A、D两项过于绝对,与文意不符;根据第三段中的“This never means that you should not practise listening.”可知B项错误。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills”以及最后一段中的“your speaking and writing skills will improve automatically”可知,文章主要讲述的是通过提高阅读和听力两项技能来提高口语和写作水平。故选D项。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 After completing my Ph. D. in Germany, I applied for a job at a consulting company. I spent months making ___1___ before getting a phone call from the company. “Unluckily, we decided to ___2___ the job to someone else,” the voice said. But the ___3___ wasn’t over. “Would you like to hear feedback (反馈) from us?” He went on to tell me I hadn’t clearly stated my ___4___ for applying for the position. I quickly realized he was right. I wasn’t ___5___ about what I applied for. I didn’t feel ___6___ about the job at the consulting company, and that clearly ___7___ in the interview. From then on, I decided to ___8___ judge each job opening to make sure it truly ___9___ my interest. In my applications, I stated more clearly why I wanted that ___10___ job. Soon my effort started to ___11___, as I got an offer I was excited about. A few years later, I found myself on the other side of the interview ___12___. I was interviewing people for the first Ph. D. position in my lab. I was particularly looking forward to talking with one candidate; his application looked ___13___, but the interview went badly, which made me wonder whether he was truly interested in working with me. I called and ___14___ where he could improve in future interviews, for which he was grateful. I’ve ___15___ several interviews in my lab, and always encourage them to ask for feedback at the end of the interview. 1. A. description B. communication C. preparations D. solutions 2. A. recommend B. deliver C. rent D. offer 3. A. conversation B. competition C. trade D. activity 4. A. excuse B. strategy C. purpose D. schedule 5. A. confused B. clear C. responsible D. powerful 6. A. empty B. graceful C. sorry D. crazy 7. A. showed B. improved C. cracked D. remained 8. A. obviously B. carefully C. nearly D. probably 9. A. protect B. record C. require D. suit 10. A. tiring B. amazing C. specific D. simple 11. A. pay off B. give off C. carry out D. hold out 12. A. building B. table C. legend D. rescue 13. A. alive B. believable C. impressive D. confident 14. A. contacted B. checked C. revised D. mentioned 15. A. hosted B. exchanged C. survived D. summarized 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某次求职失败，对方告诉作者的反馈是因为作者没有清楚地说明申请这个职位的目的，即对这份工作不感兴趣。于是从此作者开始仔细判断每一个工作空缺，以确保它真正符合自己兴趣。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接到公司的电话之前，我花了几个月的时间准备。A. description描述；B. communication交流；C. preparations准备；D. solutions解决方案。根据上文“After completing my Ph. D. in Germany, I applied for a job at a consulting company. (在德国读完博士学位后，我申请了一家咨询公司的工作。)”可知，此处指为申请工作做准备。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“不幸的是，我们决定把这份工作给别人，”一个声音说。A. recommend推荐；B. deliver递送；C. rent租给；D. offer提供。根据后文“the job to someone else”可知，这份工作提供给了别人。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但谈话并没有结束。A. conversation对话；B. competition比赛；C. trade交易；D. activity活动。根据后文“Would you like to hear feedback from us? (你想听听我们的反馈吗？)”可知，告知结果以后对话并没有结束。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他接着告诉我，我没有清楚地说明我申请这个职位的目的。A. excuse借口；B. strategy策略；C. purpose目的；D. schedule安排。根据后文提到作者不清楚自己申请的是什么工作，即没有清楚说明申请这个职位的目的。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不清楚我申请的是什么。A. confused困惑的；B. clear清楚的；C. responsible负责的；D. powerful强大的。呼应上文“I hadn’t clearly stated my”指作者不清楚自己申请的是什么工作。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对咨询公司的工作不感兴趣，这一点在面试中表现得很明显。A. empty空的；B. graceful优雅的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据上文可知作者没有表明自己申请这份工作的目的，即动机不清楚，作者对咨询公司的工作不感兴趣，短语crazy about表示“着迷于”。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对咨询公司的工作不感兴趣，这一点在面试中表现得很明显。A. showed表现，展示；B. improved改善；C. cracked破裂；D. remained逗留。根据后文“in the interview”可知，作者对这份工作不感兴趣在面试中表现得很明显。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我决定仔细判断每一个工作空缺，以确保它真正符合我的兴趣。A. obviously显然；B. carefully仔细地；C. nearly几乎；D. probably可能。根据后文“judge each job opening to make sure it truly”可知，为了确保工作符合自己的兴趣，于是作者从此开始仔细判断每份工作。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我决定仔细判断每一个工作空缺，以确保它真正符合我的兴趣。A. protect保护；B. record记录；C. require需要；D. suit适合，符合。根据后文“my interest”可知，作者想要确保自己申请的工作符合自己的兴趣。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的申请中，我更清楚地说明了为什么我想要那个特定的工作。A. tiring累人的；B. amazing惊人的；C. specific明确的，特定的；D. simple简单的。根据上文“In my applications, I stated more clearly why I wanted that”以及作者之前的求职经历，可知，作者开始更清楚地说明为什么自己想要那个特定的工作。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快我的努力开始得到回报，因为我得到了一份令我兴奋的工作。A. pay off付清，得到回报；B. give off发出；C. carry out实施；D. hold out呈现。根据后文“as I got an offer I was excited about”可知，作者得到了一份令自己兴奋的工作，即之前的努力得到了回报。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年后，我发现自己站在面试桌的另一边。A. building建筑；B. table桌子；C. legend传说；D. rescue救援。根据后文“I was interviewing people for the first Ph. D. position in my lab. (我当时正在为实验室的第一个博士职位面试人。)”可知，作者也开始面试别人，即站在面试桌的另一边。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我特别期待与一位候选人交谈；他的申请看起来令人印象深刻，但是面试进行得很糟糕，这让我怀疑他是否真的有兴趣和我一起工作。A. alive活着的；B. believable可信的；C. impressive印象深刻的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“I was particularly looking forward to talking with one candidate; his application looked”可知，之所以期待与一位候选人交谈是因为他的申请看起来令人印象深刻，故选C。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打电话给他，告诉他在以后的面试中可以改进的地方，他对此很感激。A. contacted联系；B. checked检查；C. revised修改；D. mentioned提及。根据后文“where he could improve in future interviews”指作者打电话，向候选人提及面试中可以改进的地方。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在我的实验室主持过几次面试，并且总是鼓励他们在面试结束时询问反馈。A. hosted主持；B. exchanged交换；C. survived生存；D. summarized总结。根据后文“and always encourage them to ask for feedback at the end of the interview”可知，作者主持过几次面试，并且总是鼓励他们在面试结束时询问反馈。故选A。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A There are many differences between British English and American English.I used to teach a course about the differences between the two.We speak English on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean but we have many differences in our common language.We have examples of the same words having very different meanings,differing spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things.Here are some examples. A cookie in the US is called a biscuit in the UK.A biscuit in the US is a small cake in the UK.Crisps in the UK,are known as chips,but we British people eat a plate of chips that you call fries in the US.In the UK,a pie can be made from either meat or fruit,while in the US pies are normally made from fruit;pot pies are made from meat.Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US,not pounds and ounces. One very obvious difference is the side of the road we each choose to drive on.Petrol in the UK is gas in the US.The place where we fill up our cars,in the UK,is a garage;while in the US,it’s a gas station.The term garage is also used as a place to store your car next to or close by your house.In the UK we call a lorry what is known as a truck in the US. An elevator in the US is called a lift here,and the first floor in the US,is called the ground floor here,so many visitors get off on the wrong floor in British hotels. I could continue with this.There are countless examples of differences within our one shared language.With so many differences,no wonder it’s hard to understand each other well. 1.The passage is mainly about the differences between British English and American English in 　　　.  A.vocabulary B.grammar C.sound D.spelling 2.It’s implied in the passage that the author may be 　　　.  A.a driver from the US B.a cook from the US C.a teacher from the UK D.a gas station worker from the UK 3.In the author’s opinion,　　　.  A.language differences don’t affect understanding B.the same words in the two different types of English may have different spellings C.there will be fewer differences between American and British English in the future D.it is impossible that some Americans get off on the wrong floor in British hotels 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.“Elevator” is commonly used in the UK. B.Pies mean the same thing in the UK and the US. C.In the UK,things are measured in pounds and ounces. D.British and American people drive on the same side of the road. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3.B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过举例说明主要论述了美式英语与英式英语在词汇方面的差别。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。阅读文章可知本文主要是论述美式英语和英式英语在词汇方面的差别。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“I used to teach a course about the differences between the two.”和第二段中的“we British people”可推出作者可能是来自英国的一位老师。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We have examples of the same words having very different meanings,differing spellings of the same words...”可知B项正确。故选B。 【4题详解】 4.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US,not pounds and ounces.”可知C项正确。故选C。 B This year I did something I’d never done—shopping at midnight on Black Friday after Thanksgiving. After all, you can get great deals online from the comfort of your bed over a hot cup of coffee. So why would I stand traffic, cold weather and crowds for a few bargains? For my teenagers, spending time with Mom is usually down on their list next to homework and picking up the dog waste. So, when they asked me to take them shopping at the mall at midnight on Black Friday, my first reaction was definitely no! But my son, who usually runs the other way if I mention shopping, wanted me to take him shopping. I felt needed, though I knew it was my wallet and a ride, not quality (高质量的) time with Mom that they wanted. Then the hour-long car ride. We followed songs on the radio and talked about the deals we hoped to get. I had opportunities to give them lessons on what not to do when driving, but I had to keep the peace. And we all connected as we sat with crazed smiles at midnight. The kids scanned for a spot once we finally reached the busy parking lot. There was something about standing in a line that snakes around the building in the freezing cold that brings people together. Once inside, we had to work as a team, hoping to come together with just the right size and color. As I dug through mountain s of clothing for a particular shirt for my husband and gave up, my daughter came toward me, shirt in hand and victory on her face. “I got the last one!” So we ended up at 3 am with some bargains. Nothing we couldn’t have found online or in stores at a reasonable hour. But for me, I got quality time with my kids. Driving home tired, looking in the mirror at my children’s sweet faces, I decided, “If they ask me to go again next year, I’m in.” 5. What did the kids need according to the author? A.Buying things online with comfort. B. Taking a cup of coffee comfortably. C. Shopping at their mother’s expense. D. Spending quality time with the family. 6. How did the author communicate with her kids during the drive to the mall? A. She shared their excitement. B. She taught them some songs. C. She taught them shopping tips. D. She lectured them on behavior. 7. Why did the daughter show victory on her face? A. She had worked as a team member. B. She had searched out her clothes. C. She had been in line to see a snake. D. She had found a shirt for her father. 8. How did the author find her shopping experience? A. Tiring. B. Enjoyable. C. Heart-broken. D. Money-wasting. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍作者在感恩节之后的“黑色星期五”和孩子们在凌晨购物的经历。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句到最后一句话“So, when they asked me to take them shopping at the mall at midnight on Black Friday, my first reaction was definitely no! But my son, who usually runs the other way if I mention shopping, wanted me to take him shopping. I felt needed, though I knew it was my wallet and a ride, not quality (高质量的) time with Mom that they wanted.(所以，当他们让我在黑色星期五午夜带他们去商场购物时，我的第一反应绝对是否定的！但我儿子，如果我提到购物，他通常会跑另一条路，他想让我带他去购物。我觉得自己被需要了，尽管我知道这是我的钱包和一辆车，而不是他们想要的和妈妈在一起的美好时光)”可知，孩子们想让作者陪他们在感恩节之后的“黑色星期五”去购物，是因为他们需要作者为他们买单。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Then the hour-long car ride. We followed songs on the radio and talked about the deals we hoped to get. I had opportunities to give them lessons on what not to do when driving, but I had to keep the peace. And we all connected as we sat with crazed smiles at midnight.(然后是一个小时的车程。我们跟着收音机里的歌曲，谈论着我们希望买什么。我有机会教他们开车时不要做什么，但我必须保持平静。午夜时分，当我们坐在那里疯狂地微笑时，我们都联系在了一起)”可知，孩子们一路上听歌和聊天，作者原本可以教育孩子们在开车时不能做什么事，但是那时作者只想与孩子们分享半夜时分购物的狂热心情。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句话“As I dug through mountain s of clothing for a particular shirt for my husband and gave up, my daughter came toward me, shirt in hand and victory on her face. “I got the last one!”(当我在堆积如山的衣服中为丈夫挖了一件特别的衬衫并放弃时，我的女儿向我走来，手里拿着衬衫，脸上洋溢着胜利。“我得到了最后一个！”)”可知，作者想为丈夫找一件衬衣但是没找到，就在这时，作者的女儿带着胜利的微笑拿着一件衬衣来到作者面前，说她抢到了最后一件。由此可推知，女儿脸上露出胜利的表情是因为她为她父亲找到了一件合适的衬衫。故选D。 【8题详解】 推理判读题。根据最后一段最后一句话“Driving home tired, looking in the mirror at my children’s sweet faces, I decided, “If they ask me to go again next year, I’m in.”(疲惫地开车回家，看着镜子里孩子们甜美的脸庞，我决定：“如果他们明年让我再去，我就加入。”)”可知，作者很累，但是看到孩子们的笑容，作者决定如果孩子们需要，明年的黑色星期五还来购物。由此可推知，作者觉得自己的购物经历是愉快的。故选B。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Strange things happened in the city of Tangshan. The well walls had deep cracks. A ___1___ (smell) gas came out of them. At 3:42 ___2___ the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. One of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. Soon the whole city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people ___3___ lived there were dead or injured. The number of people ___4___ (kill) in the quake was more than 240,000. Everything in the city __5___ (destroy). People were shocked at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army ___6___ (organize) teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for ___7___ (survive). Food and water were taken to the city. __8___ (slow), the city began to breathe again. Tangshan began to revive ___9___ (it) and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built. Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for ____10____ brighter future. 【答案】1. smelly 2. on 3. who/that 4. killed 5. was destroyed 6. organized 7. survivors 8. Slowly 9. itself 10. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了唐山大地震之前，震后及重建唐山的情况。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一股难闻的气体从里面冒出来。修饰名词gas，用形容词形式。故填smelly。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃。在具体的某一天，用介词on。故填on。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。句中先行词为people，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：在地震中死亡的人数超过24万。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填killed。 【5题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：城里的一切都被毁了。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时；主语city，为单数，与destroy之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was destroyed。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：军队组队挖出被困的人，掩埋死者。设空处为主句谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填organized。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：工人们为幸存者建造了避难所。介词for后接名词形式。根据句意，这里为“幸存者”，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。故填survivors。 【8题详解】 考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市又恢复了生机。句中用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Slowly。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：唐山开始复苏，重新站了起来。这里代指“唐山自己开始复苏”，所以用反身代词。故填itself。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：唐山市已经证明，在灾难的时刻，人们必须团结起来，展示出保持积极向上的智慧，为了更美好的未来重建家园。future为可数名词，在句中为泛指，且前形容词brighter发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Bike Rental & Guided Tours （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。 B （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 7. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2023新课标Ⅰ卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____2____ came because she was carrying a ____3____ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____4____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____5____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____6____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____7____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____9____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme _____10_____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more _____11_____ about why her act is considered a big _____12_____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t _____13_____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ____14_____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the _____15_____ of human kindness won the day. 1. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 2. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 3. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor 4. A. race B. school C. town D. training 5. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 6. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 7. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 8. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 9. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 10. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 11. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 12. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 13. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand 14. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 15. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。 【11题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$