第04讲语法填空提升讲解-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)

2024-12-19
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-寒假
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 490 KB
发布时间 2024-12-19
更新时间 2024-12-19
作者 名师英语提分坊
品牌系列 上好课·寒假轻松学
审核时间 2024-12-19
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来源 学科网

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第04讲语法填空提升讲解 精讲语法填空提升 语法填空是一种综合性较强的题型,主要考查考生对语法知识和词汇知识的运用能力。 以下是一些提升语法填空的要点讲解: 一、题型特点与要求 语法填空通常会给出一篇短文,文中有 10 个空。这些空可能需要填入一个单词(包括实词和虚词),有的可能是根据所给单词的适当形式填空。它既考查语法规则,如时态、语态、从句引导词、词性转换等,也考查对上下文语境的理解,需要考生在理解文意的基础上正确运用语法知识。 二、知识要点讲解 (一)时态和语态 1、时态: (1)首先要明确不同时态的构成和基本用法。 例如,一般现在时(主语 + 动词原形 / 第三人称单数形式)常用于表示经常发生的动作、客观事实和真理等。“The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起)” 就是一般现在时的典型例子,这里描述的是一个客观事实。 (2)做题时要根据时间状语和上下文语境来判断时态。如果文中出现 “yesterday”“last night” 等时间状语,一般要用一般过去时;而如果出现 “since”“for” 等词引导的时间状语,很可能要用现在完成时。比如:“I have lived in this city since 2010.(自从 2010 年我就住在这个城市)”。 2、语态: (1)主要有主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时,用主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是 “be + 过去分词”。 例如:“The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是一位著名作家写的)”,这里 “book” 是 “write” 这个动作的承受者,所以用被动语态。 (2)从句引导词 3、名词性从句: 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导词有 that(无意义,在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用)、if/whether(“是否” 的意思)和各种疑问代词 / 副词(如 what, who, when, where, why, how 等)。 例如,在宾语从句 “I don't know where he went.(我不知道他去哪儿了)” 中,“where” 引导一个宾语从句,并且在从句中作地点状语。 (1)定语从句: 关键是要确定先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)和关系词(引导定语从句的词)之间的关系。关系词分为关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。如果先行词是表示人,且在从句中作主语或宾语,可用 who 或 that;如果先行词是表示物,且在从句中作主语或宾语,可用 which 或 that。例如:“The boy who/that helped me yesterday is my classmate.(昨天帮助我的那个男孩是我的同学)”,这里先行词 “boy” 是人,在从句中作主语,所以可以用 “who” 或 “that”。 (2)状语从句: 根据从句表达的不同意义,可分为时间状语从句(引导词有 when, while, as, after, before 等)、条件状语从句(if, unless 等)、原因状语从句(because, as, since 等)等。例如,在条件状语从句 “If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)” 中,“if” 引导条件状语从句,表示主句动作发生的条件。 4、词性转换 这要求考生熟悉各种词性的基本构成和用法。 例如,形容词变副词一般是在形容词词尾加 -ly,但也有一些特殊情况,如 “true - truly”“happy - happily”。 当句子中需要修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时,要用副词。如:“He runs quickly.(他跑得很快)”,“quickly” 修饰动词 “runs”。 名词和动词之间也可以相互转换。例如,“develop(动词,发展)” 可以转换为 “development(名词,发展)”。在句子 “The development of science and technology has changed our lives.(科技的发展改变了我们的生活)” 中,就需要用名词形式。 5、冠词、介词和代词 (1)冠词: 冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。不定冠词表示泛指,“a” 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,“an” 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如:“a book(一本书)”,“an apple(一个苹果)”。定冠词 “the” 表示特指,或者用于上文已经提到过的事物、独一无二的事物等。如:“The sun is shining brightly.(太阳正明亮地照耀着)”。 (2)介词: 有很多固定搭配。例如,“in + 年 / 月 / 季节”(in 2024, in December, in winter),“on + 具体日期 / 星期几”(on December 19th, on Thursday),“at + 具体时刻”(at 8 o'clock)。还有一些动词和介词的搭配,如 “look at(看)”,“listen to(听)” 等。 (3)代词: 包括人称代词(I, you, he, she, it, we, they 等)、物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their 等)、反身代词(myself, yourself, himself 等)等。在句子中要根据具体的语境和指代关系来正确使用代词。例如:“He hurt himself when he was running.(他跑步的时候伤到自己了)”,这里 “himself” 是反身代词,表示动作的承受者是主语本身。 (二)解题步骤和技巧 1、通读全文: 在开始填空之前,先快速通读短文,了解文章的大致内容、主题和文体(记叙文、说明文还是议论文等)。这有助于把握文章的语境和逻辑关系。 2、分析句子结构: 对于每个空,要仔细分析句子结构,判断所缺部分在句子中充当的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等)。例如,如果句子缺少谓语动词,就需要考虑时态和语态;如果缺少定语,可能要填一个形容词或定语从句引导词。 3、结合语境和语法知识填空: 根据上下文语境和语法规则来确定要填的单词。如果是根据所给单词的适当形式填空,要注意单词的词性变化和语法要求。例如,所给单词是 “success”,如果需要一个形容词来修饰名词,就应该填 “successful”。 4、检查核对: 填完所有的空后,要再次通读全文,检查语法是否正确,单词拼写是否有误,以及所填单词是否符合语境和逻辑。 (三)语法填空的做题步骤是什么? 以下是语法填空的详细做题步骤: 1、通读全文,理解大意 目的:这是做题的第一步,也是非常关键的一步。通过快速浏览文章,了解文章的主题、体裁(如记叙文、说明文、议论文等)和大致内容,为后续填空建立一个整体的语境基础。 操作方式:阅读时,不要过于纠结文中的空格,重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句,这些部分通常能帮助你把握文章的主旨和脉络。例如,如果是一篇记叙文,你可以快速确定故事的主人公、事件发生的背景和大致经过等。 2、分析句子结构,确定词性和语法功能 目的:仔细观察每个空格所在的句子,确定空格处所需单词的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、冠词等)和语法功能(作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等)。 3、操作方式: 找句子的主干部分,即主语和谓语。例如,在句子 “_____ (walk) in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.” 中,先找到谓语 “saw”,再分析句子结构可以知道,空格处的词应该是一个非谓语动词,且与主语 “I” 构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以可能是 “Walking”。 根据句子中的其他成分来进一步确定空格处的词性。如果空格后是一个名词,且空格处的词用来修饰这个名词,那么这个词很可能是形容词;如果空格前是一个动词,且这个动词需要一个副词来修饰其动作的方式、程度等,那么空格处可能是副词。 4、结合语法规则和上下文语境填空 目的:根据已确定的词性和语法功能,结合语法知识(如时态、语态、从句、词性转换等规则)和上下文的语义线索来确定要填入的单词。 5、操作方式: (1)语法规则方面: 如果确定空格处需要一个动词,且根据时间状语或上下文判断是一般过去时,就要使用动词的过去式。例如,文章中有 “yesterday” 这个时间状语,空格处又是一个谓语动词,就应该考虑使用过去式形式。 对于从句,要根据先行词和从句在句中的作用来选择合适的引导词。如在定语从句中,如果先行词是 “人” 且在从句中作主语,可选择 “who” 或 “that” 作为引导词。 考虑词性转换。若空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词,而所给的是一个名词形式的单词,就需要将其转换为形容词。例如,给出单词 “beauty”,要修饰名词 “scenery”,则应填入 “beautiful”。 (2)上下文语境方面: 注意文章中的指代关系。如果前文提到了一个人或事物,后面再次提及并需要一个代词来指代时,要根据具体的单复数、性别等情况选择合适的代词(如 he、she、it、they 等)。 关注逻辑关系词。像 “but” 表示转折,“and” 表示并列,“because” 表示原因等。根据这些逻辑关系来选择合适的单词填空,使句子在语义上通顺连贯。例如,“He is rich, but he is not happy.(他很富有,但他不开心)”,通过 “but” 这个转折词可以确定前后句的语义关系。 (3)检查答案,确保语法和语义正确 目的:对填入的单词进行检查,确保整个句子的语法正确、单词拼写无误,并且填入后的内容在文章的语境中逻辑通顺、语义完整。 操作方式: 检查语法方面,包括时态是否一致、语态是否正确、从句结构是否完整合理、词性是否符合句子要求等。例如,检查一个被动语态的句子,要确保 “be + 过去分词” 的结构完整,并且 “be” 动词的时态正确。 检查语义方面,将填入单词后的句子放入原文中通读,看是否符合文章的主题和上下文的逻辑关系。如果发现填入某个单词后句子意思变得奇怪或者不符合逻辑,就需要重新考虑答案。 (四)语法填空解题时需注意哪些固定搭配 (1)动词与介词的搭配 look 相关搭配 look at 表示 “看”,强调看的动作和对象。例如:“Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板)”。 look for 意思是 “寻找”,重点在于寻找的过程。如:“I'm looking for my keys.(我在找我的钥匙)”。 look after 意为 “照顾;照料”。例如:“My mother looks after my little sister at home. look up 有 “查阅;向上看;改善” 等多种意思。在 “Look up the word in the dictionary. put 相关搭配 put on 表示 “穿上;上演;增加(体重等)”。比如:“Put on your coat. It's cold outside.外面很冷)”; put off 意思是 “推迟;拖延”。例如:“We have to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. put up 有 “张贴;举起;搭建;提供住宿” 等意思。“Put up the poster on the wall.(把海报贴在墙上)”;“He put up his hand to answer the question.(他举手回答问题)” “They put up a tent by the river.(他们在河边搭起了一个帐篷)”; take 相关搭配 take off 有 “脱下;起飞;(事业)腾飞;请假” 等意思。 take up 意思是 “占据(时间、空间等);开始从事;拿起”。 take after 意思是 “(外貌、性格等)与…… 相像”。形容词与介词的搭配 be good at表示 “擅长”,后接名词、代词或动名词。 be interested in意思是 “对…… 感兴趣”,同样后接名词、代词或动名词。 “She is interested in reading novels.(她对读小说感兴趣)”。 be different from表示 “与…… 不同”,用于比较两个事物之间的差异。 例如:“His opinion is different from mine.(他的观点和我的不同)”。 (2)名词与介词的搭配 the key to 意思是 “…… 的关键;…… 的答案”,to 是介词,后接名词或动名词。例如:“The key to success is hard work.(成功的关键是努力工作)”;“The key to solving the problem is to find more information.(解决这个问题的关键是找到更多信息)”。 have an influence on 表示 “对…… 有影响”,例如:“Parents have a great influence on their children's growth.(父母对他们孩子的成长有很大的影响)”。 动词与副词的搭配 give up 意思是 “放弃”,后接名词、代词或动名词。例如:“Don't give up your dream.(不要放弃你的梦想)”;“He gave up smoking last year.(他去年戒烟了)”。 pick up 有 “捡起;(偶然)学会;接收(信号等);开车接人” 等多种意思。如:“Pick up the pen from the floor.(从地板上捡起钢笔)”;“I picked up some French when I was in France.(我在法国的时候偶然学会了一些法语)”;“My radio can pick up many stations.(我的收音机能接收很多电台)”;“I'll pick you up at the airport.(我会去机场接你)”。 其他常见搭配 as well as 表示 “和;也;不但…… 而且”,用于连接并列的单词、短语或句子。例如:“He is good at math as well as English.(他不但擅长数学,而且擅长英语)”。 either...or... 意思是 “要么…… 要么……;或者…… 或者……”,连接两个并列的成分,表示选择关系。例如:“Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你,要么他得打扫教室)”。 not only...but also... 表示 “不但…… 而且……”,用于连接两个并列的成分,强调递进关系。 例如:“He can speak not only English but also French.(他不但会说英语,而且会说法语)”。 三、语法填空提升精练试题 评卷人 得分 一、语法填空 (24-25高二上·重庆·期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To foster a deeper understanding of science among children, an innovative educational program is making its rounds across rural areas in China. On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan Province, a bus full of science kids stops by. It quickly draws a crowd of pupils eager to explore 1 is inside, sparking their curiosity. A moment later, several robots are carefully unloaded from the bus and begin dancing with consistent human-like moves. The children watch cheerfully, bursting 2 laughter, and the robots 3 (gentle) extend their hands to invite them to join the dance. The bus was not a performance group of any kind, but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, 4 (aim) to sow the seeds of passion for science and among children in the country’s vast rural areas. Lv Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas 5 (face) with a severe shortage of equipment and qualified teachers for scientific education. 6 (recognize) of this challenge has driven these organizations to create hands-on science 7 (opportunity) for these students. Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff, most of whom are volunteers, 8 (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Henan and Gansu provinces. In May last year, the Ministry of Education and other departments released a document 9 (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years. This initiative reflects 10 growing commitment to creating equal chances for scientific learning across urban and rural areas. 评卷人 得分 二、、语法填空 (24-25高二上·四川眉山·期中)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, 11 (follow) a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road. He had tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off. Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 12 (lose) dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back. After 13 long and careful search, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 14 (cautious) away. Ehlers eventually 15 (success) in coaxing the animal to him. 16 (nervous) and fear were replaced with joy. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face. A local farmer told them the dog 17 (sound) like one advertised as lost in the local paper. The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he 18 (find) their dog. Jeff had hunted in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched in vain for Rosie in the next four days. Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there 19 cares enough to go to that kind of trouble,” says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue effort. “I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be willing 20 (go) that extra mile.” 评卷人 得分 三、语法填空 (24-25高二上·湖南·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Bai’s love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to his romantic style. By reading books of all kinds, from legends to historical stories, he familiarized 21 (he) with classical Chinese culture, and more importantly, he acquired the 22 (wise) of previous generations. Even the most uninformed reader would not fail 23 (impress) by the poet’s rich imagination. The moon and stars in the sky, the natural landscape and the 24 (figure) in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination. Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, 25 breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him 26 other landscape poets. These features are inseparable from Li Bai’s wide use of exaggeration, metaphor and other artistic techniques. With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is 27 (wide) recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Generations of poets, both in China 28 abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems. One such poet is Ezra Pound, a 20th-century American poet. He 29 (fascinate) by Li Bai’s poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection 30 (entitle) Cathay. Today Li Bai’s poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world. 评卷人 得分 四、语法填空 (24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Heat (大暑), the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6. During Major Heat, most parts of China enter the 31 (hot) season of the year. In China, the 24 solar terms 32 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But solar term culture 33 (be) still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips. During Major Heat, the sunshine, high temperatures 34 heavy rainfalls are good for agricultural crops. But like Minor Heat, many natural 35 (disaster) such as floods, droughts and typhoons also happen during Major Heat. Therefore, it’s important to harvest and plant in time 36 (avoid) damage caused by natural disasters. Grass jelly (果冻) is made with a special grass, 37 stems (茎) and leaves can be made into herb jelly after being dried in 38 sun. With the 39 (amaze) ability to reduce the summer heat, grass jelly is described in a 40 (popularly) saying in Guangdong province that goes, “Eating herb jelly in Major Heat will make you stay young like the immortals (神仙).” 评卷人 得分 五、语法填空 (24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble 41 (learn) English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 42 there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This make me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a 43 (paint), but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And 44 (speak) of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an 45 (oppose) pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of 46 (harm) actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? Even the smallest words can be 47 (confuse). When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? English 48 (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 49 (create) of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are 50 (visible). And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when wind up this passage, it ends. ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲语法填空提升讲解 精讲语法填空提升 语法填空是一种综合性较强的题型,主要考查考生对语法知识和词汇知识的运用能力。 以下是一些提升语法填空的要点讲解: 一、题型特点与要求 语法填空通常会给出一篇短文,文中有 10 个空。这些空可能需要填入一个单词(包括实词和虚词),有的可能是根据所给单词的适当形式填空。它既考查语法规则,如时态、语态、从句引导词、词性转换等,也考查对上下文语境的理解,需要考生在理解文意的基础上正确运用语法知识。 二、知识要点讲解 (一)时态和语态 1、时态: (1)首先要明确不同时态的构成和基本用法。 例如,一般现在时(主语 + 动词原形 / 第三人称单数形式)常用于表示经常发生的动作、客观事实和真理等。“The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起)” 就是一般现在时的典型例子,这里描述的是一个客观事实。 (2)做题时要根据时间状语和上下文语境来判断时态。如果文中出现 “yesterday”“last night” 等时间状语,一般要用一般过去时;而如果出现 “since”“for” 等词引导的时间状语,很可能要用现在完成时。比如:“I have lived in this city since 2010.(自从 2010 年我就住在这个城市)”。 2、语态: (1)主要有主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时,用主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是 “be + 过去分词”。 例如:“The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是一位著名作家写的)”,这里 “book” 是 “write” 这个动作的承受者,所以用被动语态。 (2)从句引导词 3、名词性从句: 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导词有 that(无意义,在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用)、if/whether(“是否” 的意思)和各种疑问代词 / 副词(如 what, who, when, where, why, how 等)。 例如,在宾语从句 “I don't know where he went.(我不知道他去哪儿了)” 中,“where” 引导一个宾语从句,并且在从句中作地点状语。 (1)定语从句: 关键是要确定先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)和关系词(引导定语从句的词)之间的关系。关系词分为关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。如果先行词是表示人,且在从句中作主语或宾语,可用 who 或 that;如果先行词是表示物,且在从句中作主语或宾语,可用 which 或 that。例如:“The boy who/that helped me yesterday is my classmate.(昨天帮助我的那个男孩是我的同学)”,这里先行词 “boy” 是人,在从句中作主语,所以可以用 “who” 或 “that”。 (2)状语从句: 根据从句表达的不同意义,可分为时间状语从句(引导词有 when, while, as, after, before 等)、条件状语从句(if, unless 等)、原因状语从句(because, as, since 等)等。例如,在条件状语从句 “If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)” 中,“if” 引导条件状语从句,表示主句动作发生的条件。 4、词性转换 这要求考生熟悉各种词性的基本构成和用法。 例如,形容词变副词一般是在形容词词尾加 -ly,但也有一些特殊情况,如 “true - truly”“happy - happily”。 当句子中需要修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时,要用副词。如:“He runs quickly.(他跑得很快)”,“quickly” 修饰动词 “runs”。 名词和动词之间也可以相互转换。例如,“develop(动词,发展)” 可以转换为 “development(名词,发展)”。在句子 “The development of science and technology has changed our lives.(科技的发展改变了我们的生活)” 中,就需要用名词形式。 5、冠词、介词和代词 (1)冠词: 冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。不定冠词表示泛指,“a” 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,“an” 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如:“a book(一本书)”,“an apple(一个苹果)”。定冠词 “the” 表示特指,或者用于上文已经提到过的事物、独一无二的事物等。如:“The sun is shining brightly.(太阳正明亮地照耀着)”。 (2)介词: 有很多固定搭配。例如,“in + 年 / 月 / 季节”(in 2024, in December, in winter),“on + 具体日期 / 星期几”(on December 19th, on Thursday),“at + 具体时刻”(at 8 o'clock)。还有一些动词和介词的搭配,如 “look at(看)”,“listen to(听)” 等。 (3)代词: 包括人称代词(I, you, he, she, it, we, they 等)、物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their 等)、反身代词(myself, yourself, himself 等)等。在句子中要根据具体的语境和指代关系来正确使用代词。例如:“He hurt himself when he was running.(他跑步的时候伤到自己了)”,这里 “himself” 是反身代词,表示动作的承受者是主语本身。 (二)解题步骤和技巧 1、通读全文: 在开始填空之前,先快速通读短文,了解文章的大致内容、主题和文体(记叙文、说明文还是议论文等)。这有助于把握文章的语境和逻辑关系。 2、分析句子结构: 对于每个空,要仔细分析句子结构,判断所缺部分在句子中充当的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等)。例如,如果句子缺少谓语动词,就需要考虑时态和语态;如果缺少定语,可能要填一个形容词或定语从句引导词。 3、结合语境和语法知识填空: 根据上下文语境和语法规则来确定要填的单词。如果是根据所给单词的适当形式填空,要注意单词的词性变化和语法要求。例如,所给单词是 “success”,如果需要一个形容词来修饰名词,就应该填 “successful”。 4、检查核对: 填完所有的空后,要再次通读全文,检查语法是否正确,单词拼写是否有误,以及所填单词是否符合语境和逻辑。 (三)语法填空的做题步骤是什么? 以下是语法填空的详细做题步骤: 1、通读全文,理解大意 目的:这是做题的第一步,也是非常关键的一步。通过快速浏览文章,了解文章的主题、体裁(如记叙文、说明文、议论文等)和大致内容,为后续填空建立一个整体的语境基础。 操作方式:阅读时,不要过于纠结文中的空格,重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句,这些部分通常能帮助你把握文章的主旨和脉络。例如,如果是一篇记叙文,你可以快速确定故事的主人公、事件发生的背景和大致经过等。 2、分析句子结构,确定词性和语法功能 目的:仔细观察每个空格所在的句子,确定空格处所需单词的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、冠词等)和语法功能(作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等)。 3、操作方式: 找句子的主干部分,即主语和谓语。例如,在句子 “_____ (walk) in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.” 中,先找到谓语 “saw”,再分析句子结构可以知道,空格处的词应该是一个非谓语动词,且与主语 “I” 构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以可能是 “Walking”。 根据句子中的其他成分来进一步确定空格处的词性。如果空格后是一个名词,且空格处的词用来修饰这个名词,那么这个词很可能是形容词;如果空格前是一个动词,且这个动词需要一个副词来修饰其动作的方式、程度等,那么空格处可能是副词。 4、结合语法规则和上下文语境填空 目的:根据已确定的词性和语法功能,结合语法知识(如时态、语态、从句、词性转换等规则)和上下文的语义线索来确定要填入的单词。 5、操作方式: (1)语法规则方面: 如果确定空格处需要一个动词,且根据时间状语或上下文判断是一般过去时,就要使用动词的过去式。例如,文章中有 “yesterday” 这个时间状语,空格处又是一个谓语动词,就应该考虑使用过去式形式。 对于从句,要根据先行词和从句在句中的作用来选择合适的引导词。如在定语从句中,如果先行词是 “人” 且在从句中作主语,可选择 “who” 或 “that” 作为引导词。 考虑词性转换。若空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词,而所给的是一个名词形式的单词,就需要将其转换为形容词。例如,给出单词 “beauty”,要修饰名词 “scenery”,则应填入 “beautiful”。 (2)上下文语境方面: 注意文章中的指代关系。如果前文提到了一个人或事物,后面再次提及并需要一个代词来指代时,要根据具体的单复数、性别等情况选择合适的代词(如 he、she、it、they 等)。 关注逻辑关系词。像 “but” 表示转折,“and” 表示并列,“because” 表示原因等。根据这些逻辑关系来选择合适的单词填空,使句子在语义上通顺连贯。例如,“He is rich, but he is not happy.(他很富有,但他不开心)”,通过 “but” 这个转折词可以确定前后句的语义关系。 (3)检查答案,确保语法和语义正确 目的:对填入的单词进行检查,确保整个句子的语法正确、单词拼写无误,并且填入后的内容在文章的语境中逻辑通顺、语义完整。 操作方式: 检查语法方面,包括时态是否一致、语态是否正确、从句结构是否完整合理、词性是否符合句子要求等。例如,检查一个被动语态的句子,要确保 “be + 过去分词” 的结构完整,并且 “be” 动词的时态正确。 检查语义方面,将填入单词后的句子放入原文中通读,看是否符合文章的主题和上下文的逻辑关系。如果发现填入某个单词后句子意思变得奇怪或者不符合逻辑,就需要重新考虑答案。 (四)语法填空解题时需注意哪些固定搭配 (1)动词与介词的搭配 look 相关搭配 look at 表示 “看”,强调看的动作和对象。例如:“Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板)”。 look for 意思是 “寻找”,重点在于寻找的过程。如:“I'm looking for my keys.(我在找我的钥匙)”。 look after 意为 “照顾;照料”。例如:“My mother looks after my little sister at home. look up 有 “查阅;向上看;改善” 等多种意思。在 “Look up the word in the dictionary. put 相关搭配 put on 表示 “穿上;上演;增加(体重等)”。比如:“Put on your coat. It's cold outside.外面很冷)”; put off 意思是 “推迟;拖延”。例如:“We have to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. put up 有 “张贴;举起;搭建;提供住宿” 等意思。“Put up the poster on the wall.(把海报贴在墙上)”;“He put up his hand to answer the question.(他举手回答问题)” “They put up a tent by the river.(他们在河边搭起了一个帐篷)”; take 相关搭配 take off 有 “脱下;起飞;(事业)腾飞;请假” 等意思。 take up 意思是 “占据(时间、空间等);开始从事;拿起”。 take after 意思是 “(外貌、性格等)与…… 相像”。形容词与介词的搭配 be good at表示 “擅长”,后接名词、代词或动名词。 be interested in意思是 “对…… 感兴趣”,同样后接名词、代词或动名词。 “She is interested in reading novels.(她对读小说感兴趣)”。 be different from表示 “与…… 不同”,用于比较两个事物之间的差异。 例如:“His opinion is different from mine.(他的观点和我的不同)”。 (2)名词与介词的搭配 the key to 意思是 “…… 的关键;…… 的答案”,to 是介词,后接名词或动名词。例如:“The key to success is hard work.(成功的关键是努力工作)”;“The key to solving the problem is to find more information.(解决这个问题的关键是找到更多信息)”。 have an influence on 表示 “对…… 有影响”,例如:“Parents have a great influence on their children's growth.(父母对他们孩子的成长有很大的影响)”。 动词与副词的搭配 give up 意思是 “放弃”,后接名词、代词或动名词。例如:“Don't give up your dream.(不要放弃你的梦想)”;“He gave up smoking last year.(他去年戒烟了)”。 pick up 有 “捡起;(偶然)学会;接收(信号等);开车接人” 等多种意思。如:“Pick up the pen from the floor.(从地板上捡起钢笔)”;“I picked up some French when I was in France.(我在法国的时候偶然学会了一些法语)”;“My radio can pick up many stations.(我的收音机能接收很多电台)”;“I'll pick you up at the airport.(我会去机场接你)”。 其他常见搭配 as well as 表示 “和;也;不但…… 而且”,用于连接并列的单词、短语或句子。例如:“He is good at math as well as English.(他不但擅长数学,而且擅长英语)”。 either...or... 意思是 “要么…… 要么……;或者…… 或者……”,连接两个并列的成分,表示选择关系。例如:“Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你,要么他得打扫教室)”。 not only...but also... 表示 “不但…… 而且……”,用于连接两个并列的成分,强调递进关系。 例如:“He can speak not only English but also French.(他不但会说英语,而且会说法语)”。 三、语法填空提升精练试题 评卷人 得分 一、语法填空 (24-25高二上·重庆·期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To foster a deeper understanding of science among children, an innovative educational program is making its rounds across rural areas in China. On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan Province, a bus full of science kids stops by. It quickly draws a crowd of pupils eager to explore 1 is inside, sparking their curiosity. A moment later, several robots are carefully unloaded from the bus and begin dancing with consistent human-like moves. The children watch cheerfully, bursting 2 laughter, and the robots 3 (gentle) extend their hands to invite them to join the dance. The bus was not a performance group of any kind, but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, 4 (aim) to sow the seeds of passion for science and among children in the country’s vast rural areas. Lv Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas 5 (face) with a severe shortage of equipment and qualified teachers for scientific education. 6 (recognize) of this challenge has driven these organizations to create hands-on science 7 (opportunity) for these students. Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff, most of whom are volunteers, 8 (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Henan and Gansu provinces. In May last year, the Ministry of Education and other departments released a document 9 (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years. This initiative reflects 10 growing commitment to creating equal chances for scientific learning across urban and rural areas. 【答案】 1.what 2.into 3.gently 4.aiming 5.are faced 6.Recognition 7.opportunities 8.have walked 9.to strengthen 10.a 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。在中国中部河南省唐河县一所城镇学校的操场上,一辆满载理科学生的巴士停了下来,这是一项正在中国农村地区展开的创新教育计划,旨在培养孩子们对科学更深入的理解。文章对此进行了详细报道。 1.考查名词性从句。句意:它很快吸引了一群学生,他们渴望探索里面的东西,这激发了他们的好奇心。在宾语从句中缺少主语,且是指事物,应用连接代词what。故填what。 2.考查介词。句意:孩子们兴致勃勃地看着,笑了起来,机器人轻轻地伸出手邀请他们一起跳舞。burst into laughter意为“大笑起来”,为固定搭配,此处应用介词into。故填into。 3.考查副词。句意:孩子们兴致勃勃地看着,笑了起来,机器人轻轻地伸出手邀请他们一起跳舞。此处修饰动词应用副词gently表示“轻轻地”作状语。故填gently。 4.考查现在分词。句意:这辆巴士不是任何形式的表演团体,而是由教育部、中国科技馆和一个社交媒体平台联合组织的移动科学班,旨在向广大农村地区的孩子们播下热爱科学的种子。动词短语aim to do意为“旨在做某事”,和系动词之间没有连词,和主语构成主动关系,应用现在分词形式做状语。故填aiming。 5.考查固定搭配和一般现在时。句意:河南省科学技术协会主席吕国藩表示,农村地区面临着科学教育设备和合格教师严重短缺的问题。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。be faced with意为“面对”,为固定搭配。主语rural areas为复数形式。故填are faced with。 6.考查名词。句意:认识到这一挑战,促使这些组织为这些学生创造实践科学的机会。此处作主语应用名词recognition表示“认识,认可”,不可数。句首首字母应大写。故填Recognition。 7.考查可数名词的单复数。句意:认识到这一挑战,促使这些组织为这些学生创造实践科学的机会。opportunity意为“机会”,为可数名词,此处应用复数形式表示多数。故填opportunities。 8.考查现在完成时。句意:自今年2月以来,科学家、科学教育工作者和科技馆工作人员(其中大多数是志愿者)已经走进了广西壮族自治区、河南和甘肃的18所乡镇学校。根据“Since February, scientists”和“18 town schools”可知,此处是指动作发生在过去,但对现在产生结果或影响,应用现在完成时。主谓一致,故填have walked。 9.考查动词不定式。句意:去年5月,教育部和其他部门发布了一份加强中小学科学教育的文件,承诺在三到五年内确保一个更完善的系统到位。动词strengthen意为“加强”,此处应用to do不定式表示目的作后置定语修饰名词document。故填to strengthen。 10.考查冠词。句意:这一举措反映出越来越多的人致力于在城市和农村地区创造平等的科学学习机会。此处commitment意为“(资金、时间、人力的)花费,使用”,为可数名词,此处为第一次出现,表泛指,应用不定冠词限定。故填a。 评卷人 得分 二、、语法填空 (24-25高二上·四川眉山·期中)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, 11 (follow) a weekend of hunting, Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road. He had tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off. Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 12 (lose) dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back. After 13 long and careful search, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 14 (cautious) away. Ehlers eventually 15 (success) in coaxing the animal to him. 16 (nervous) and fear were replaced with joy. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face. A local farmer told them the dog 17 (sound) like one advertised as lost in the local paper. The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he 18 (find) their dog. Jeff had hunted in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched in vain for Rosie in the next four days. Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there 19 cares enough to go to that kind of trouble,” says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue effort. “I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be willing 20 (go) that extra mile.” 【答案】 11.following 12.lost 13.a 14.cautiously 15.succeeded 16.Nervousness 17.sounded 18.had found 19.who 20.to go 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了埃勒斯帮助找回丢失小狗的故事。 11.考查介词。句意:在漫长的归家途中,打猎结束后,埃勒斯想起了他在路边看到的那只小狗在发抖。结合句意可知,此处表示“在……之后”,所以此处使用介词following。故填following。 12.考查形容词。句意:回到家后,埃勒斯一直惦记着那只丢失的狗。空后为名词dog,所以此处使用形容词作定语,修饰名词,lose的形容词为lost意为“丢失的”符合句意。故填lost。 13.考查冠词。句意:经过一个漫长而仔细的搜寻后,格雷格看到,那只狗穿过田野,小心翼翼地移动着。此处表示泛指“一个漫长而仔细的搜寻”,且long为辅音音素开头的单词,故应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 14.考查副词。句意:经过漫长而仔细的搜寻后,格雷格看到,那只狗穿过田野,小心翼翼地移动着。本空修饰动词moving,作状语,用副词cautiously“谨慎地,小心地”。故填cautiously。 15.考查动词时态。句意:埃勒斯最终成功地哄那只小动物到了他身边。根据句意和空前的eventually可知,本句描述过去的动作,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用动词succeed“成功”的过去式。故填succeeded。 16.考查名词。句意:紧张和恐惧被喜悦所取代。本空和fear并列,作主语,用名词nervousness“紧张”,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Nervousness。 17.考查动词时态。句意:当地一位农民告诉他们,这只狗听起来像是当地报纸上登载的一则寻狗启事里描述的狗。them后为宾语从句,本空为宾语从句的谓语,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,谓语用sound“听起来”的过去式。故填sounded。 18.考查动词时态。句意:埃勒斯给杰夫和丽莎打了电话,告诉他们他找到了他们的狗。本空为宾语从句的谓语,find“找到”这一动作发生在called之前,从句时态用过去完成时。故填had found。 19.考查定语从句。句意:“很高兴知道还有人在乎到这种地步,愿意付出这么多努力。”丽莎谈到埃勒斯的救援行动时说。本空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是someone,指人,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 20.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果这是我的狗,我希望有人愿意不辞辛劳地去做这件事。that引导的宾语从句的谓语为would be,此处为非谓语动词,固定短语be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”,故空处应用go的不定式。故填to go。 评卷人 得分 三、语法填空 (24-25高二上·湖南·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Bai’s love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to his romantic style. By reading books of all kinds, from legends to historical stories, he familiarized 21 (he) with classical Chinese culture, and more importantly, he acquired the 22 (wise) of previous generations. Even the most uninformed reader would not fail 23 (impress) by the poet’s rich imagination. The moon and stars in the sky, the natural landscape and the 24 (figure) in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination. Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, 25 breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him 26 other landscape poets. These features are inseparable from Li Bai’s wide use of exaggeration, metaphor and other artistic techniques. With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is 27 (wide) recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Generations of poets, both in China 28 abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems. One such poet is Ezra Pound, a 20th-century American poet. He 29 (fascinate) by Li Bai’s poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection 30 (entitle) Cathay. Today Li Bai’s poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world. 【答案】 21.himself 22.wisdom 23.to be impressed 24.figures 25.which 26.from 27.widely 28.and 29.was fascinated 30.entitled 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了李白的浪漫主义风格形成的原因以及影响力。 21.考查代词。句意:通过阅读各种各样的书籍,从传说到历史故事,他熟悉了中国古典文化,更重要的是,他获得了前人的智慧。短语familiarize oneself with表示“熟悉……”,空处作宾语,与主语表示一个人,用反身代词。故填himself。 22.考查名词。句意:通过阅读各种各样的书籍,从传说到历史故事,他熟悉了中国古典文化,更重要的是,他获得了前人的智慧。作动词的宾语用名词wisdom,故填wisdom。 23.考查非谓语动词。句意:即使是最无知的读者也会被这位诗人丰富的想象力所打动。此处为短语fail to do sth.,reader且impress与构成被动关系,故用to be done形式。故填to be impressed。 24.考查名词的数。句意:天上的月亮和星星,自然景观和传说中的人物都成为他想象的载体。此处表示泛指,应用复数形式。故填figures。 25.考查定语从句。句意:同样令人印象深刻的是李白对强烈感情的自由表达,使他所描绘的无生命的物体充满活力,这是他与其他风景诗人的区别。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子,从句缺少主语,故填which。 26.考查介词。句意:同样令人印象深刻的是李白对强烈感情的自由表达,使他所描绘的无生命的物体充满活力,这是他与其他风景诗人的区别。短语distinguish…from…表示“将……与……进行区别”。故填from。 27.考查副词。句意:李白以其非凡的想象力,自由表达强烈的情感和对语言的掌握,被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。修饰动词recognize应用副词widely,故填widely。 28.考查连词。句意:他的鼓舞人心的诗歌,深受国内外一代又一代诗人的喜爱。此处前后文为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。 29.考查时态语态。句意:他被李白的诗迷住了,并在1915年的诗集《华夏集》中翻译了其中的一些诗。主语He与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文in his 1915可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was fascinated。 30.考查非谓语动词。句意:他被李白的诗迷住了,并在1915年的诗集《华夏集》中翻译了其中的一些诗。此处collection与entitle构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填entitled。 评卷人 得分 四、语法填空 (24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Heat (大暑), the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6. During Major Heat, most parts of China enter the 31 (hot) season of the year. In China, the 24 solar terms 32 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But solar term culture 33 (be) still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips. During Major Heat, the sunshine, high temperatures 34 heavy rainfalls are good for agricultural crops. But like Minor Heat, many natural 35 (disaster) such as floods, droughts and typhoons also happen during Major Heat. Therefore, it’s important to harvest and plant in time 36 (avoid) damage caused by natural disasters. Grass jelly (果冻) is made with a special grass, 37 stems (茎) and leaves can be made into herb jelly after being dried in 38 sun. With the 39 (amaze) ability to reduce the summer heat, grass jelly is described in a 40 (popularly) saying in Guangdong province that goes, “Eating herb jelly in Major Heat will make you stay young like the immortals (神仙).” 【答案】 31.hottest 32.were created 33.is 34.and 35.disasters 36.to avoid 37.whose 38.the 39.amazing 40.popular 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节气中的大暑,描述了其时间、气候特点以及对农业的指导,并提到大暑期间的传统食物仙草冻及其消暑功效。 31.考查形容词最高级。句意:在大暑期间,中国大部分地区进入一年中最热的季节。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知,此处指“最热的季节”,空处应用形容词hot“炎热的”的最高级形式。故填hottest。 32.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在中国,24节气是几千年前为指导农业生产而创造的。空处作句子的谓语,根据“thousands of years ago”可知,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,create“创造”和主语the 24 solar terms之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是复数名词,be动词应用were。故填were created。 33.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:但节气文化今天仍然有用,通过特殊的食物、文化仪式、甚至健康的生活技巧来指导人们的生活。空处作句子的谓语,根据“today”可知,此处在描述当前的状态,时态应用一般现在时,主语是solar term culture,be动词应用is。故填is。 34.考查连词。句意:大暑期间,阳光、高温和大雨对农作物有利。空处连接前后并列的名词短语,应用并列连词and。故填and。 35.考查名词的数。句意:但就像小暑一样,大暑期间也会发生许多自然灾害,如洪水、干旱和台风。空处作主语,根据“many”可知,可数名词disaster“灾害”应用复数形式。故填disasters。 36.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,为了避免自然灾害造成的破坏,及时收获和种植非常重要。句子已有谓语,空处是非谓语,作目的状语,表示“为了……”,应用avoid“避免”的不定式形式。故填to avoid。 37.考查定语从句。句意:仙草冻是用一种特殊的草制成的,这种草的茎和叶在阳光下晒干后可以制成仙草冻。空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词grass作补充说明,先行词指物,在从句中作定语,和stems and leaves之间是所属关系,应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 38.考查冠词。句意:仙草冻是用一种特殊的草制成的,这种草的茎和叶在阳光下晒干后可以制成仙草冻。sun“太阳”是独一无二的事物,前面需用定冠词the。故填the。 39.考查形容词。句意:仙草冻具有神奇的消暑功效,广东有句俗话叫“(六月)大暑吃仙草,活如神仙不会老”。空处作修饰ability的定语,描述这种功效的特性,amaze的形容词形式amazing符合题意,意为“神奇的”。故填amazing。 40.考查形容词。句意:仙草冻具有神奇的消暑功效,广东有句俗话叫“(六月)大暑吃仙草,活如神仙不会老”。空处作修饰saying的定语,popularly的形容词形式popular符合题意,意为“流行的”。故填popular。 评卷人 得分 五、语法填空 (24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble 41 (learn) English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 42 there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This make me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a 43 (paint), but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And 44 (speak) of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an 45 (oppose) pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of 46 (harm) actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? Even the smallest words can be 47 (confuse). When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? English 48 (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 49 (create) of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are 50 (visible). And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when wind up this passage, it ends. 【答案】 41.learning 42.if/whether 43.painting 44.speaking 45.opposing 46.harmful 47.confusing 48.was invented 49.creativity 50.invisible 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者表达了对英语这门语言的神奇的思考与感叹。 41.考查动名词。句意:你有没有问过自己,为什么人们在学习英语方面经常遇到困难?此处为短语have trouble (in) doing,意为“在做某事上有困难”,所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填learning。 42.考查宾语从句。句意:直到有一天,我五岁的儿子问我汉堡里有没有火腿。设空处连接宾语从句,从句中不缺主语和宾语,但句意不完整,结合句意,此处表“是否”。故填if/ whether。 43.考查名词。句意:例如,在我们的空闲时间,我们可以雕刻雕塑(用sculpt)和绘画(用paint),但我们拍照(用take)。设空处为宾语并且前面有a修饰,应用名词单数,表示“画作”,paint的名词为painting。故填painting。 44.考查固定短语。句意:说到家,为什么作业(homework)和家务(housework)不是一回事呢?短语speaking of,意为“谈及,说到”,作为一个插入语,一般用于引出下文的话题。故填speaking。 45.考查形容词。句意:如果“hard”是“soft”的反义词,为什么“hardly”和“softly”不是相反的一对呢?设空处修饰名词作定语,oppose的形容词opposing表示“相反的”符合句意。故填opposing。 46.考查形容词。句意:如果无害的(harmless)行为是有害的(harmful)行为的对立面,为什么无耻的(shameless)行为和可耻的行为(shameful)是一样的呢?设空处修饰名词作定语,harm的形容词为harmful意为“有害的”。故填harmful。 47.考查形容词。句意:即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。设空处接在be动词作表语,应用形容词,confuse的形容词confusing表示“令人困惑的”符合句意。故填confusing。 48.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:英语是人发明的,而不是电脑,它反映了人类的创造力。设空处为谓语,描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,用被动语态,主语English,谓语为动词三单形式。故填was invented。 49.考查名词。句意:同上。设空处为宾语,应用名词,create的名词creativity表示“创造力”符合句意。故填creativity。 50.考查形容词。句意:这就是为什么当星星出来的时候,它们(星星)是可以被看见的,而当灯光熄灭的时候,它们(灯光)是不被看见的。设空处接在be动词作表语,应用形容词,结合句意,visible的反义词invisible表示“看不见的”符合句意。故填invisible。 ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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