第01讲阅读理解提升讲解 -【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第01讲阅读理解提升讲解 一、阅读理解的重要性 阅读理解能力是语言学习和知识获取中极为关键的部分。无论是学习语文、英语还是其他语言类科目，良好的阅读理解能力都能帮助我们理解各种文本，包括文学作品、学术论文、新闻报道等。在考试中，阅读理解也占据了很大的分值比重。例如在语文高考中，现代文阅读和文言文阅读部分加起来往往有很高的分数，这直接影响着考生的总成绩。而且，在日常生活和工作中，能够快速准确地理解阅读材料也是高效沟通和学习新知识的必备技能。 二、阅读理解的基本步骤 （一）通读全文 拿到一篇阅读材料，首先要做的是快速通读全文。这一步的目的是对文章的大致内容、主题和文体有一个初步的了解。在通读过程中，不需要过分纠结于一些细节，如不认识的单词或者复杂的句子结构。 例如，对于一篇记叙文，我们要关注故事的人物、时间、地点和事件的大致脉络；对于议论文，要找到中心论点和主要的论据。以鲁迅的《祝福》为例，初读时我们能了解到这是一个关于祥林嫂的故事，故事发生在鲁镇，而且充满了悲剧色彩。 （二）明确题目要求 在通读全文之后，仔细阅读题目。明确题目是要求我们概括文章内容、理解某个词句的含义、分析作者的情感态度，还是其他类型的问题。比如题目问 “文章中某个人物的性格特点是什么”，这就提示我们要在阅读过程中重点关注对这个人物的描写部分，包括语言、动作、心理等描写。 （三）带着问题精读 根据题目要求，有针对性地回到文章中进行精读。这时候要仔细分析相关的段落和句子，寻找问题的答案。对于重要的语句，可以做一些标记，方便后续作答。 例如，如果题目是关于文中某个修辞手法的作用，我们就要找到含有该修辞手法的句子，分析它是如何增强文章的表达效果的。像 “叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙”，这里运用了比喻的修辞手法，把叶子比作舞女的裙，生动形象地写出了叶子的形态之美。 （四）组织答案并作答 在找到问题的答案后，需要将答案组织成通顺、完整、符合逻辑的语言。答案要准确回答问题， 并且尽量简洁明了。 比如，回答人物性格特点的问题时，可以用 “他是一个…… 的人，从……（文中相关内容） 可以看出” 这样的句式来作答。 三、提升阅读理解能力的方法 （一）增加阅读量 1、广泛阅读各种类型的书籍、文章是提升阅读理解能力最有效的方法之一。阅读不同文体、不同主题、不同难度的材料，可以让我们熟悉各种语言表达方式和思维模式。 2、可以从简单的童话故事、科普短文开始，逐渐过渡到经典文学作品、学术著作等。例如，先阅读《小王子》， 感受其简洁而富有哲理的语言，再阅读《红楼梦》，体会古典文学中复杂的人物关系和深刻的社会意义。 （二）积累词汇和语法知识 丰富的词汇量和扎实的语法知识是理解文章的基础。当我们遇到生词时，要及时查阅词典，并且学习它的用法和搭配。对于语法知识，要理解句子的结构和成分，这样才能准确把握句子的意思。 比如，在英语阅读中，如果不理解 “虚拟语气” 的语法结构，就很容易误解句子的真实含义。像 “If I were you, I would study harder.” 这个句子，是典型的虚拟语气，表示与事实不符的假设。 （三）学会分析文章结构 不同的文章有不同的结构，如总分总、总分、分总等。学会分析文章结构可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的逻辑关系和作者的写作思路。 以总分总结构的文章为例，开头部分通常会提出主题或中心观点，中间部分进行详细的阐述和论证，结尾部分总结全文并升华主题。例如，在一些议论文中，开头会明确论点，中间列举多个论据来支持论点，结尾再次强调论点并可能提出一些建议或者展望。 （四）培养阅读技巧 1、阅读技巧包括略读、扫读、精读等。略读可以帮助我们快速了解文章的大致内容，扫读用于寻找特定的信息，精读则是深入理解重要的部分。 2、在阅读新闻报道时，我们可以先略读标题和导语，快速获取新闻的主要事件，然后根据需要扫读文章中具体的细节内容。对于文中引用的专家观点等重要部分，可以进行精读。 四、高考英语不同文体阅读理解技巧全解析 在高考英语中，阅读理解占据着相当大的比重，而不同文体的文章有着不同的特点和解题技巧。 熟练掌握这些技巧，能够帮助考生更加高效地理解文章内容，提高答题准确率。 一、记叙文 （一）文体特点 记叙文通常以讲述故事的形式呈现，有明确的时间线、人物角色和事件发展过程。文章一般会围绕一个或多个主要人物展开，描述他们的经历、遭遇、情感变化等，主题往往蕴含在故事之中，需要读者通过对故事细节的把握来体会。 （二）解题技巧 1、抓住关键人物与事件：阅读时首先要明确文章中的主要人物是谁，发生了哪些主要事件。可以通过快速浏览文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句来大致了解故事梗概。例如，在一篇关于一位运动员成长历程的记叙文中，要迅速找出运动员的名字以及他在成长过程中面临的关键比赛、训练挫折或突破等事件。 2、理清时间顺序：由于记叙文是按照时间顺序展开的，所以关注时间词和短语非常重要。像 “first”“then”“after that”“later”“finally” 等词能帮助考生梳理事件发展的先后顺序，更好地理解文章逻辑。例如，“First, he started training at a local club. Then, he participated in a regional competition and won a prize. After that, he was scouted by a professional team.” 通过这些时间词，考生能清晰地构建出运动员的成长轨迹。 3、体会人物情感与主题：记叙文的主题多与人物的成长、情感变化、人生哲理等相关。 人物的情感描写词汇，如 “happy”“sad”“excited”“frustrated” 等，通过人物情感的变化来推断文章的主题。例如，文章中描述主人公在经历重重困难后最终实现梦想时的喜悦，那么主题可能就是关于坚持与梦想实现的关系。 二、说明文 （一）文体特点 说明文旨在向读者解释、说明某个事物、现象、概念或过程。它具有客观性、准确性和逻辑性强的特点。文章结构通常较为清晰，一般会先提出说明对象，然后从不同方面进行详细阐述，如事物的特征、功能、成因、发展等，常使用定义、举例、分类、对比等说明方法。 （二）解题技巧 1、确定说明对象与主题句：文章开头往往会点明说明对象，而每一段的首句或尾句通常是该段的主题句。例如，一篇关于 “人工智能在医疗领域应用” 的说明文，开头会引出 “人工智能在医疗领域” 这个说明对象，而在阐述人工智能在疾病诊断方面的应用时，该段主题句可能是 “Artificial intelligence has made significant contributions to medical diagnosis.” 通过确定主题句，能快速把握文章的主要内容和段落大意。 2、分析说明方法与逻辑关系：注意文中使用的说明方法，如举例说明（for example, such as）可以帮助读者更好地理解抽象概念；对比说明（compared with, in contrast）能突出事物的特点。同时，要理清文章各部分之间的逻辑关系，是总分总、总分还是分总结构。比如，在说明人工智能在医疗领域不同方面的应用时，可能是总分结构，先总述应用广泛，再分别从诊断、治疗、药物研发等方面具体说明。 3、关注细节信息与数据：说明文中经常会包含一些细节信息和数据来支撑观点。在阅读时要对这些细节和数据有一定敏感度，因为题目可能会针对这些内容进行提问。 例如，提到某种疾病通过人工智能诊断的准确率达到了 90%，考生就需要留意这个数据，以便在回答相关问题时能够准确提取信息。 三、议论文 （一）文体特点 议论文是作者对某个问题或事件发表自己的观点、看法，并通过论据进行论证的一种文体。它有明确的论点、论据和论证过程。论点通常在文章开头或结尾提出，论据可以是事实、例子、统计数据、名人名言等，论证过程则是通过一定的逻辑推理将论点和论据联系起来，常见的论证方法有举例论证、对比论证、因果论证等。 （二）解题技巧 1、找出论点与论据：阅读时首先要确定文章的论点，一般在文章的开头（如提出问题后直接表明观点）或结尾（总结全文得出结论）。 例如，在一篇关于 “是否应该在学校推广在线教育” 的议论文中，论点可能是 “Online education should be promoted in schools due to its flexibility and wide range of resources.” 然后要找出支持论点的论据，如 “Many students can access high-quality courses from top teachers around the world through online platforms. For example, in a rural school, students improved their academic performance significantly after taking online math courses.” 这里的 “Many students can access...” 是一个事实论据，“For example...” 则是举例论据。 2、分析论证方法与逻辑：理解作者是如何运用论证方法来证明论点的。如果是举例论证，要关注例子与论 点之间的联系；如果是对比论证，要明确对比的双方以及对比的目的。 例如，在对比传统教育和在线教育时，作者可能通过对比两者的教学方式、学习时间灵活性、资源丰富程度等方面，来论证在线教育的优势，从而支持自己的论点。 3、判断作者态度与意图：议论文中作者会表达自己对所讨论问题的态度，如支持、反对或中立。通过对论点和论据的分析，可以判断作者的态度倾向。同时，要理解作者写这篇文章的意图，是为了说服读者接受某种观点，还是引发读者对某个问题的思考等。例如，作者大力论证在线教育的好处，意图可能就是呼吁学校重视并推广在线教育。 总之，在高考英语阅读理解中，针对不同文体采用合适的阅读技巧是提高答题效率和准确率的关键。考生在日常复习过程中，要多阅读不同文体的文章，进行专项训练，不断提升自己的阅读理解能力。 五、阅读理解提升讲解精练试题： 评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期中）Drone (无人机) light shows are becoming especially popular in the West. By now, if you live on the U. S. East or West Coasts, you’ve probably been troubled by wildfire smoke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change worsens. And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think. That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires. And fire danger is now top of mind for many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, or the American national day, nears. In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 10,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t. And since light shows are required to keep the ground below the show clear, there’s no risk of a drone falling from the sky into the crowd. Drones are also less disturbing, creating only a light buzzing noise. Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough. That’s a nuisance for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise. But perhaps the biggest reason for the switch to drones is that they’re thought to be greener. Besides starting fires, firework smoke leaves behind a trail of harmful chemicals and is considered a pollutant. Drones are also a reusable option, capable of flying potentially hundreds of shows before they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit to the environment — and to the companies paying to put on these performances. At the end of the day, though, some cities are likely switching to drones simply because they’re cooler. That’s not to say that fireworks aren’t cool. But drones allow for more creativity, with the ability to synchronize (同步) lights to music and recreate complex images in the sky. Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future. 1．Why are fireworks given up in some towns? A．They are too expensive. B．They bring along fire risks. C．They speed up climate change. D．They are not cool any more. 2．How does the author develop paragraph 3? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By giving a definition. D．By referring to data from previous studies. 3．What does the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Reward. B．Attraction. C．Instance. D．Annoyance. 4．What will the author probably continue to talk about? A．The potential challenges drones will face. B．The similarities shared by drones and fireworks. C．The importance of drones in promoting economy. D．The strong competition from companies in different industries. 评卷人 得分 二、阅读理解 （23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期末）The new e-skin improves tasks requiring accuracy and force control, overcoming a big challenge in advancing technology. Unlike traditional e-skins, this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches. “Much like human skin has to stretch and bend as we move, so does e-skin,” explains Nanshu Lu, a professor in the Cockrell School. The breakthrough lies in an innovative hybrid response pressure sensor that Lu and her partners have developed over years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an important part of a robot hand that can mirror the softness and sensitivity of a human hand. This new e-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine know how much force to use to, for example, hold a cup or touch a person. In demonstrations, the new e-skin allowed the robot hand to adapt to various sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely holding objects without dropping them and even handling unexpected items like coins inside a glass or pressing on a potato chip without breaking it. Lu and her team are currently exploring potential applications, including partnering to build a robotic arm equipped with the e-skin technology. They have also applied for a basic patent for the e-skin, indicating its potential for business use. In a world where the aging population exceeds (超过) the number of caregivers, the need for efficient and gentle care solutions is necessary. Lu believes robots equipped with advanced technologies like the stretchable e-skin could play a vital role in dealing with this global challenge. Beyond medicine,human-caring robots could be used in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building. From healthcare to disaster response, the potential is significant. With further development and cooperation with robotics companies, Lu hopes to see this e-skin technology make its way to the market, marking the beginning of a new era of human-robot interaction and care. 5．What advantage does the new e-skin have over traditional e-skins? A．It keeps accurate even when stretching. B．It enables robots to move at a fast speed. C．It allows robot hands to bend into all shapes. D．It helps robot hands control with less force. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The wide applications of the new e-skin. B．The important development of the new e-skin. C．The major challenge of the pressure sensor. D．The strong function of the pressure sensor. 7．What can robots with the new e-skin do for the global challenge of aging population? A．Reduce healthcare costs. B．Limit global business use. C．Replace human caregivers. D．Improve medical care efficiency. 8．What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new e-skin? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear C．Positive. D．Disapproving. 评卷人 得分 三、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong has taken the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its release. The game is inspired by the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. In it, players take the role of the Destined One, setting off for adventures to collect six Relics that once belonged to Sun Wukong and challenge the Celestial Court. Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for many players from western countries. For instance, a player shared on social media that their lack of familiarity with Journey to the West led to them consistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a boss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, some players feel overwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult to pronounce for those unfamiliar with Chinese phonetics. To bridge these cultural divides, one enthusiast wrote a 200-page outline detailing Sun Wukong’s abilities across all 100 chapters of Journey to the West. Many others immersed themselves in the epic by checking out forums, TV shows, anime, manga and online encyclopedias. Through this process, western players have not only refined their gaming skills but also developed a deeper appreciation for Sun Wukong and Journey to the West. “Although many people might compare Sun Wukong to Western superheroes, I believe they are different,” said Patrick from the US. “Sun Wukong has a carefree and independent nature, unlimited by the need to set a good example for others like Spider-Man, who by contrast follows principles like ‘with great power comes great responsibility’.” Journey to the West offers a comprehensive narrative that covers a very dangerous journey, numerous encounters and the exploration of various cultures, making it a rich source for diverse storytelling types and cultural backgrounds. Perhaps these are some of the key reasons why Journey to the West has been translated into over a dozen languages, with more than 60 versions available worldwide. 9．What is the Destined One in Paragraph 2? A．The nickname of Sun Wukong in the game. B．The fictional main character of this hit game. C．One of the adventures to collect the six Relics. D．One of the six Relics belonging to the Celestial Court. 10．What does the underlined word “bridge” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Get rid of. B．Take control of. C．Keep track of D．Take advantage of. 11．What can be learned about the game from the passage? A．It has gradually gained popularity among players worldwide. B．Its original character Sun Wukong is similar to western superheroes. C．It has been translated into many languages with numerous versions available worldwide. D．It is rather challenging for western players due to their unfamiliarity with Chinese culture. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．A Chinese hit video game and its original novel Journey to the West. B．Reasons behind the success of Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong. C．The cultural impact and western players’ reception of a Chinese hit video game. D．Challenges and benefits Black Myth: Wukong brings to the spread of Chinese culture. 评卷人 得分 三、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）How good are we at predicting what people will do? What magazine will they buy, what music will they download, or what shoes will they choose for a party? Probably not nearly as good as we think. When it comes to human behavior, the brain is shown to have two different ways of thinking. So it doesn’t matter how old you are or how confident you are feeling. It’s all about what mood the brain is in! A common thought process is the automatic and fast way which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system 1 and dates back to the prehistoric (史前的) times when people lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them — bad weather, falling rocks and trees, and threatening animals. Nowadays we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like you’re not thinking at all. Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation (诱惑) and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control — a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of! System 2 is the opposite. It’s a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible long-term decisions like choosing which university to study at, or what type of car to buy. The problem is that system 2 often starts to feel boring and so system 1 takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jobs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap? We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. However, sometimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan, but often it’s the unconscious (无意识的) human wish to do something differently that often leads to an unexpected win. This can also lead to the common mistaken idea that your successful decisions show your skill and talent, when in fact they are just luck. Perhaps one day scientists will be able to predict what decisions people will make by measuring brain activity. In one study, volunteers were monitored with brain-scanning equipment. They were asked to press either a left or a right button whenever they wanted. The researchers found they could predict which button the volunteers would press up to seven seconds before it happened — your brain seems to know what it will do before you do! Some scientists say our brains are just machines and we are not really in control of what’s going on. Let’s hope they’re wrong! It’s one thing to be able to tell which of two buttons a person will press, but I don’t like the idea that science could one day tell me what decisions I will make in my life before I’ve even had the chance to make them! 13．In which case is system 1 more likely to be in control? A．When you choose a university. B．When you plan a birthday party. C．When you prepare for a performance. D．When you buy a jacket in the window. 14．Why is the example of sports teams mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show system 1 sometimes makes the right decision. B．To show system 2 usually makes the wrong decision. C．To show we go through life mainly using system 2. D．To show people are more willing to use system 1. 15．How does the author feel about the idea that scientists can predict people’s decisions? A．Disappointed. B．Unhappy. C．Shocked. D．Fortunate. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Two Systems of Thought B．Early Brain Development C．Importance of Planning D．Two Ways of Dealing with Danger 评卷人 得分 四、阅读理解七选五 （24-25高二上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Whether you’re an experienced dog handler or a little careful about dogs, it can be difficult to read a dog’s complex language. How do you know if the dog wants to greet you or tell you to back off? 17 A content and relaxed dog will have its ears up (not forward) and head high. 18 Your relaxed dog’s mouth opens slightly with tongue exposed. If you are still unsure of whether to approach, go slowly and make no sudden moves. Don’t make too much eye contact and slowly extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff (嗅) first before patting. After this welcome interaction, dogs may raise their tails and lower front paws (爪子). 19 This position will be held briefly before they rush off in random directions to get you to chase and to play with them. They stick out their tongues. Their ears will be up. This is your chance to have a run with your partner. 20 They show more teeth, bark more loudly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready to attack when annoyed. Be careful of these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their source of “threat”. A dog that is under social or environmental stress will pace about with the tail down, the body lowered and ears back. Its breath will also be rapid with eyes expanded. 21 In this case, try to work out the source of its stress. If you can’t change that right away, a calming massage (按摩) will help. A．Although a happy dog will have its tail high, a relaxed dog’s tail will be hanging. B．The following is a handy dog body language guide. C．And it may leave sweat marks from its feet. D．The moods can be judged from their tails. E．This means it is playtime! F．Keep your voice low and calm. G．Sometimes dogs behave in an angry and violent way. ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲阅读理解提升讲解 一、阅读理解的重要性 阅读理解能力是语言学习和知识获取中极为关键的部分。无论是学习语文、英语还是其他语言类科目，良好的阅读理解能力都能帮助我们理解各种文本，包括文学作品、学术论文、新闻报道等。在考试中，阅读理解也占据了很大的分值比重。例如在语文高考中，现代文阅读和文言文阅读部分加起来往往有很高的分数，这直接影响着考生的总成绩。而且，在日常生活和工作中，能够快速准确地理解阅读材料也是高效沟通和学习新知识的必备技能。 二、阅读理解的基本步骤 （一）通读全文 拿到一篇阅读材料，首先要做的是快速通读全文。这一步的目的是对文章的大致内容、主题和文体有一个初步的了解。在通读过程中，不需要过分纠结于一些细节，如不认识的单词或者复杂的句子结构。 例如，对于一篇记叙文，我们要关注故事的人物、时间、地点和事件的大致脉络；对于议论文，要找到中心论点和主要的论据。以鲁迅的《祝福》为例，初读时我们能了解到这是一个关于祥林嫂的故事，故事发生在鲁镇，而且充满了悲剧色彩。 （二）明确题目要求 在通读全文之后，仔细阅读题目。明确题目是要求我们概括文章内容、理解某个词句的含义、分析作者的情感态度，还是其他类型的问题。比如题目问 “文章中某个人物的性格特点是什么”，这就提示我们要在阅读过程中重点关注对这个人物的描写部分，包括语言、动作、心理等描写。 （三）带着问题精读 根据题目要求，有针对性地回到文章中进行精读。这时候要仔细分析相关的段落和句子，寻找问题的答案。对于重要的语句，可以做一些标记，方便后续作答。 例如，如果题目是关于文中某个修辞手法的作用，我们就要找到含有该修辞手法的句子，分析它是如何增强文章的表达效果的。像 “叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙”，这里运用了比喻的修辞手法，把叶子比作舞女的裙，生动形象地写出了叶子的形态之美。 （四）组织答案并作答 在找到问题的答案后，需要将答案组织成通顺、完整、符合逻辑的语言。答案要准确回答问题， 并且尽量简洁明了。 比如，回答人物性格特点的问题时，可以用 “他是一个…… 的人，从……（文中相关内容） 可以看出” 这样的句式来作答。 三、提升阅读理解能力的方法 （一）增加阅读量 1、广泛阅读各种类型的书籍、文章是提升阅读理解能力最有效的方法之一。阅读不同文体、不同主题、不同难度的材料，可以让我们熟悉各种语言表达方式和思维模式。 2、可以从简单的童话故事、科普短文开始，逐渐过渡到经典文学作品、学术著作等。例如，先阅读《小王子》， 感受其简洁而富有哲理的语言，再阅读《红楼梦》，体会古典文学中复杂的人物关系和深刻的社会意义。 （二）积累词汇和语法知识 丰富的词汇量和扎实的语法知识是理解文章的基础。当我们遇到生词时，要及时查阅词典，并且学习它的用法和搭配。对于语法知识，要理解句子的结构和成分，这样才能准确把握句子的意思。 比如，在英语阅读中，如果不理解 “虚拟语气” 的语法结构，就很容易误解句子的真实含义。像 “If I were you, I would study harder.” 这个句子，是典型的虚拟语气，表示与事实不符的假设。 （三）学会分析文章结构 不同的文章有不同的结构，如总分总、总分、分总等。学会分析文章结构可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的逻辑关系和作者的写作思路。 以总分总结构的文章为例，开头部分通常会提出主题或中心观点，中间部分进行详细的阐述和论证，结尾部分总结全文并升华主题。例如，在一些议论文中，开头会明确论点，中间列举多个论据来支持论点，结尾再次强调论点并可能提出一些建议或者展望。 （四）培养阅读技巧 1、阅读技巧包括略读、扫读、精读等。略读可以帮助我们快速了解文章的大致内容，扫读用于寻找特定的信息，精读则是深入理解重要的部分。 2、在阅读新闻报道时，我们可以先略读标题和导语，快速获取新闻的主要事件，然后根据需要扫读文章中具体的细节内容。对于文中引用的专家观点等重要部分，可以进行精读。 四、高考英语不同文体阅读理解技巧全解析 在高考英语中，阅读理解占据着相当大的比重，而不同文体的文章有着不同的特点和解题技巧。 熟练掌握这些技巧，能够帮助考生更加高效地理解文章内容，提高答题准确率。 一、记叙文 （一）文体特点 记叙文通常以讲述故事的形式呈现，有明确的时间线、人物角色和事件发展过程。文章一般会围绕一个或多个主要人物展开，描述他们的经历、遭遇、情感变化等，主题往往蕴含在故事之中，需要读者通过对故事细节的把握来体会。 （二）解题技巧 1、抓住关键人物与事件：阅读时首先要明确文章中的主要人物是谁，发生了哪些主要事件。可以通过快速浏览文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句来大致了解故事梗概。例如，在一篇关于一位运动员成长历程的记叙文中，要迅速找出运动员的名字以及他在成长过程中面临的关键比赛、训练挫折或突破等事件。 2、理清时间顺序：由于记叙文是按照时间顺序展开的，所以关注时间词和短语非常重要。像 “first”“then”“after that”“later”“finally” 等词能帮助考生梳理事件发展的先后顺序，更好地理解文章逻辑。例如，“First, he started training at a local club. Then, he participated in a regional competition and won a prize. After that, he was scouted by a professional team.” 通过这些时间词，考生能清晰地构建出运动员的成长轨迹。 3、体会人物情感与主题：记叙文的主题多与人物的成长、情感变化、人生哲理等相关。 人物的情感描写词汇，如 “happy”“sad”“excited”“frustrated” 等，通过人物情感的变化来推断文章的主题。例如，文章中描述主人公在经历重重困难后最终实现梦想时的喜悦，那么主题可能就是关于坚持与梦想实现的关系。 二、说明文 （一）文体特点 说明文旨在向读者解释、说明某个事物、现象、概念或过程。它具有客观性、准确性和逻辑性强的特点。文章结构通常较为清晰，一般会先提出说明对象，然后从不同方面进行详细阐述，如事物的特征、功能、成因、发展等，常使用定义、举例、分类、对比等说明方法。 （二）解题技巧 1、确定说明对象与主题句：文章开头往往会点明说明对象，而每一段的首句或尾句通常是该段的主题句。例如，一篇关于 “人工智能在医疗领域应用” 的说明文，开头会引出 “人工智能在医疗领域” 这个说明对象，而在阐述人工智能在疾病诊断方面的应用时，该段主题句可能是 “Artificial intelligence has made significant contributions to medical diagnosis.” 通过确定主题句，能快速把握文章的主要内容和段落大意。 2、分析说明方法与逻辑关系：注意文中使用的说明方法，如举例说明（for example, such as）可以帮助读者更好地理解抽象概念；对比说明（compared with, in contrast）能突出事物的特点。同时，要理清文章各部分之间的逻辑关系，是总分总、总分还是分总结构。比如，在说明人工智能在医疗领域不同方面的应用时，可能是总分结构，先总述应用广泛，再分别从诊断、治疗、药物研发等方面具体说明。 3、关注细节信息与数据：说明文中经常会包含一些细节信息和数据来支撑观点。在阅读时要对这些细节和数据有一定敏感度，因为题目可能会针对这些内容进行提问。 例如，提到某种疾病通过人工智能诊断的准确率达到了 90%，考生就需要留意这个数据，以便在回答相关问题时能够准确提取信息。 三、议论文 （一）文体特点 议论文是作者对某个问题或事件发表自己的观点、看法，并通过论据进行论证的一种文体。它有明确的论点、论据和论证过程。论点通常在文章开头或结尾提出，论据可以是事实、例子、统计数据、名人名言等，论证过程则是通过一定的逻辑推理将论点和论据联系起来，常见的论证方法有举例论证、对比论证、因果论证等。 （二）解题技巧 1、找出论点与论据：阅读时首先要确定文章的论点，一般在文章的开头（如提出问题后直接表明观点）或结尾（总结全文得出结论）。 例如，在一篇关于 “是否应该在学校推广在线教育” 的议论文中，论点可能是 “Online education should be promoted in schools due to its flexibility and wide range of resources.” 然后要找出支持论点的论据，如 “Many students can access high-quality courses from top teachers around the world through online platforms. For example, in a rural school, students improved their academic performance significantly after taking online math courses.” 这里的 “Many students can access...” 是一个事实论据，“For example...” 则是举例论据。 2、分析论证方法与逻辑：理解作者是如何运用论证方法来证明论点的。如果是举例论证，要关注例子与论 点之间的联系；如果是对比论证，要明确对比的双方以及对比的目的。 例如，在对比传统教育和在线教育时，作者可能通过对比两者的教学方式、学习时间灵活性、资源丰富程度等方面，来论证在线教育的优势，从而支持自己的论点。 3、判断作者态度与意图：议论文中作者会表达自己对所讨论问题的态度，如支持、反对或中立。通过对论点和论据的分析，可以判断作者的态度倾向。同时，要理解作者写这篇文章的意图，是为了说服读者接受某种观点，还是引发读者对某个问题的思考等。例如，作者大力论证在线教育的好处，意图可能就是呼吁学校重视并推广在线教育。 总之，在高考英语阅读理解中，针对不同文体采用合适的阅读技巧是提高答题效率和准确率的关键。考生在日常复习过程中，要多阅读不同文体的文章，进行专项训练，不断提升自己的阅读理解能力。 五、阅读理解提升讲解精练试题： 评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·河南濮阳·期中）Drone (无人机) light shows are becoming especially popular in the West. By now, if you live on the U. S. East or West Coasts, you’ve probably been troubled by wildfire smoke. The fires are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change worsens. And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think. That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires. And fire danger is now top of mind for many U. S. cities as the Independence Day, or the American national day, nears. In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 10,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t. And since light shows are required to keep the ground below the show clear, there’s no risk of a drone falling from the sky into the crowd. Drones are also less disturbing, creating only a light buzzing noise. Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough. That’s a nuisance for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise. But perhaps the biggest reason for the switch to drones is that they’re thought to be greener. Besides starting fires, firework smoke leaves behind a trail of harmful chemicals and is considered a pollutant. Drones are also a reusable option, capable of flying potentially hundreds of shows before they even require maintenance. That’s a huge benefit to the environment — and to the companies paying to put on these performances. At the end of the day, though, some cities are likely switching to drones simply because they’re cooler. That’s not to say that fireworks aren’t cool. But drones allow for more creativity, with the ability to synchronize (同步) lights to music and recreate complex images in the sky. Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future. 1．Why are fireworks given up in some towns? A．They are too expensive. B．They bring along fire risks. C．They speed up climate change. D．They are not cool any more. 2．How does the author develop paragraph 3? A．By making a comparison. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By giving a definition. D．By referring to data from previous studies. 3．What does the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Reward. B．Attraction. C．Instance. D．Annoyance. 4．What will the author probably continue to talk about? A．The potential challenges drones will face. B．The similarities shared by drones and fireworks. C．The importance of drones in promoting economy. D．The strong competition from companies in different industries. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机灯光秀在西方越来越受欢迎，分析了其受欢迎的原因，包括减少火灾风险、更安全、噪音小、更环保以及更具创意等，同时也指出目前还不能得出无人机将完全取代烟花的结论。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And fireworks, as you can guess from their name, cause fires — more than you might think.(烟花，正如你从它的名字可以猜到的那样，会引起火灾——比你想象的要多)”和第二段中“That’s what caused a handful of California towns to quit fireworks and turn to drones last year. Sydney, Australia, known for its massive fireworks display, is considering doing the same due to the risk of wildfires.(这就是去年加州一些城镇放弃烟花转向无人机的原因。澳大利亚的悉尼以其大规模的烟花表演而闻名，由于野火的风险，正在考虑也这样做)”可知，一些城镇放弃烟花是因为它们会带来火灾风险。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“In addition to reducing the risk of fires, drone light shows present a safer alternative for the folks behind the curtain. Fireworks injured more than 10,000 people last year because they can accidentally erupt while on the ground. Drones won’t.(除了降低火灾风险外，无人机灯光秀还为幕后人员提供了一个更安全的替代方案。去年，烟花造成10000多人受伤，因为它们可能会在地面上意外爆炸。无人机则不会)”可知，本段通过对比烟花和无人机灯光秀在安全性方面的差异，来说明无人机灯光秀的优势。由此推知，作者是通过对比的方式来展开第三段的。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Fireworks, on the other hand, can burst your eardrum if you’re standing close enough.(另一方面，如果你站得足够近，烟花可能会震破你的耳膜)”以及后文“for some families with animals, small children, or other people who are sensitive to noise(对于一些有动物、小孩或对噪音敏感的人来说)”可知，烟花的噪音对于一些人来说是令人烦恼的。画线词“nuisance”意思是“令人烦恼的事物”，与Annoyance同义。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, it’s still too early to rush to the conclusion that drones will completely take the place of fireworks in the near future.(然而，现在就急于得出无人机将在不久的将来完全取代烟花的结论还为时过早)”可知，作者认为现在还不能得出无人机将完全取代烟花的结论，由此推知，接下来作者可能会继续谈论无人机面临的挑战。故选A项。 评卷人 得分 二、阅读理解 （23-24高一下·浙江丽水·期末）The new e-skin improves tasks requiring accuracy and force control, overcoming a big challenge in advancing technology. Unlike traditional e-skins, this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches. “Much like human skin has to stretch and bend as we move, so does e-skin,” explains Nanshu Lu, a professor in the Cockrell School. The breakthrough lies in an innovative hybrid response pressure sensor that Lu and her partners have developed over years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an important part of a robot hand that can mirror the softness and sensitivity of a human hand. This new e-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine know how much force to use to, for example, hold a cup or touch a person. In demonstrations, the new e-skin allowed the robot hand to adapt to various sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely holding objects without dropping them and even handling unexpected items like coins inside a glass or pressing on a potato chip without breaking it. Lu and her team are currently exploring potential applications, including partnering to build a robotic arm equipped with the e-skin technology. They have also applied for a basic patent for the e-skin, indicating its potential for business use. In a world where the aging population exceeds (超过) the number of caregivers, the need for efficient and gentle care solutions is necessary. Lu believes robots equipped with advanced technologies like the stretchable e-skin could play a vital role in dealing with this global challenge. Beyond medicine,human-caring robots could be used in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building. From healthcare to disaster response, the potential is significant. With further development and cooperation with robotics companies, Lu hopes to see this e-skin technology make its way to the market, marking the beginning of a new era of human-robot interaction and care. 5．What advantage does the new e-skin have over traditional e-skins? A．It keeps accurate even when stretching. B．It enables robots to move at a fast speed. C．It allows robot hands to bend into all shapes. D．It helps robot hands control with less force. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The wide applications of the new e-skin. B．The important development of the new e-skin. C．The major challenge of the pressure sensor. D．The strong function of the pressure sensor. 7．What can robots with the new e-skin do for the global challenge of aging population? A．Reduce healthcare costs. B．Limit global business use. C．Replace human caregivers. D．Improve medical care efficiency. 8．What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new e-skin? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear C．Positive. D．Disapproving. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一种新型电子皮肤技术，这种技术可以提高需要精确度和力量控制的任务的完成度，克服了技术进步中的一大挑战。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The new e-skin improves tasks requiring accuracy and force control, overcoming a big challenge in advancing technology. Unlike traditional e-skins, this new e-skin stays accurate even when it stretches.(新的电子皮肤改善了需要精度和力控制的任务，克服了技术进步的一大挑战。与传统的电子皮肤不同，这种新的电子皮肤即使在拉伸时也能保持精确)”可知，与传统的电子皮肤相比，新皮肤即使拉伸也能保持准确。故选A项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The breakthrough lies in an innovative hybrid response pressure sensor that Lu and her partners have developed over years. Lu sees the stretchable e-skin as an important part of a robot hand that can mirror the softness and sensitivity of a human hand. This new e-skin technology senses pressure from contact, letting the attached machine know how much force to use to, for example, hold a cup or touch a person. In demonstrations, the new e-skin allowed the robot hand to adapt to various sensitive tasks, such as accurately measuring human pulse (脉搏) and pulse waves, securely holding objects without dropping them and even handling unexpected items like coins inside a glass or pressing on a potato chip without breaking it.(这一突破在于Lu和她的合作伙伴多年来开发的一种创新的混合响应压力传感器。卢认为这种可拉伸的电子皮肤是机器人手的重要组成部分，可以模仿人手的柔软和敏感。这种新的电子皮肤技术可以感知接触产生的压力，让附着的机器知道要用多大的力来抓取杯子或触摸人。在演示中，这种新型电子皮肤可以让机器人手适应各种敏感的任务，比如精确测量人体脉搏和脉搏波，安全地握住物体而不掉下来，甚至处理意想不到的东西，比如玻璃杯里的硬币，或者按压薯片而不打碎)”可知，本段主要讲述了新型电子皮肤的重要发展。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a world where the aging population exceeds (超过) the number of caregivers, the need for efficient and gentle care solutions is necessary. Lu believes robots equipped with advanced technologies like the stretchable e-skin could play a vital role in dealing with this global challenge.(在一个老龄化人口超过护理人员数量的世界，需要有效和温和的护理解决方案是必要的。卢认为，配备了可伸缩电子皮肤等先进技术的机器人可以在应对这一全球性挑战方面发挥至关重要的作用)”可知，拥有新型电子皮肤的机器人能为全球人口老龄化的挑战提高医疗效率。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beyond medicine,human-caring robots could be used in disasters. They could search for injured and trapped people in an earthquake or a collapsed building. From healthcare to disaster response, the potential is significant. With further development and cooperation with robotics companies, Lu hopes to see this e-skin technology make its way to the market, marking the beginning of a new era of human-robot interaction and care.(除了医学，人类关怀机器人还可以用于灾难中。他们可以在地震或倒塌的建筑物中搜寻受伤和被困的人。从医疗保健到灾难响应，潜力巨大。随着与机器人公司的进一步发展和合作，卢希望看到这种电子皮肤技术进入市场，标志着人机交互和护理新时代的开始)”可知，作者认为，新型电子皮肤除了在医学领域的 使用，还可以用于灾难中，潜力巨大，所以是乐观的态度。故选C项。 评卷人 得分 三、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong has taken the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its release. The game is inspired by the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. In it, players take the role of the Destined One, setting off for adventures to collect six Relics that once belonged to Sun Wukong and challenge the Celestial Court. Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for many players from western countries. For instance, a player shared on social media that their lack of familiarity with Journey to the West led to them consistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a boss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, some players feel overwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult to pronounce for those unfamiliar with Chinese phonetics. To bridge these cultural divides, one enthusiast wrote a 200-page outline detailing Sun Wukong’s abilities across all 100 chapters of Journey to the West. Many others immersed themselves in the epic by checking out forums, TV shows, anime, manga and online encyclopedias. Through this process, western players have not only refined their gaming skills but also developed a deeper appreciation for Sun Wukong and Journey to the West. “Although many people might compare Sun Wukong to Western superheroes, I believe they are different,” said Patrick from the US. “Sun Wukong has a carefree and independent nature, unlimited by the need to set a good example for others like Spider-Man, who by contrast follows principles like ‘with great power comes great responsibility’.” Journey to the West offers a comprehensive narrative that covers a very dangerous journey, numerous encounters and the exploration of various cultures, making it a rich source for diverse storytelling types and cultural backgrounds. Perhaps these are some of the key reasons why Journey to the West has been translated into over a dozen languages, with more than 60 versions available worldwide. 9．What is the Destined One in Paragraph 2? A．The nickname of Sun Wukong in the game. B．The fictional main character of this hit game. C．One of the adventures to collect the six Relics. D．One of the six Relics belonging to the Celestial Court. 10．What does the underlined word “bridge” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A．Get rid of. B．Take control of. C．Keep track of D．Take advantage of. 11．What can be learned about the game from the passage? A．It has gradually gained popularity among players worldwide. B．Its original character Sun Wukong is similar to western superheroes. C．It has been translated into many languages with numerous versions available worldwide. D．It is rather challenging for western players due to their unfamiliarity with Chinese culture. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．A Chinese hit video game and its original novel Journey to the West. B．Reasons behind the success of Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong. C．The cultural impact and western players’ reception of a Chinese hit video game. D．Challenges and benefits Black Myth: Wukong brings to the spread of Chinese culture. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国热门电子游戏《黑色神话：悟空》的文化影响以及西方玩家对这款游戏的接受程度。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“In it, players take the role of the Destined One, setting off for adventures to collect six Relics that once belonged to Sun Wukong and challenge the Celestial Court.(在这款游戏中，玩家将扮演“命中注定的人”，开始收集孙悟空的六件遗物，并向天庭发起挑战。)”可知，Destined One指的是游戏中玩家所扮演的角色。故选B项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第三段的内容“Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for many players from western countries. For instance, a player shared on social media that their lack of familiarity with Journey to the West led to them consistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a boss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, some players feel overwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult to pronounce for those unfamiliar with Chinese phonetics.(这款游戏拥有近千年的中国文化遗产，但它的故事情节和角色对许多西方国家的玩家来说很难理解。例如，一名玩家在社交媒体上分享说，他们对《西游记》的不熟悉导致他们不断丢失隐藏的宝藏，最终导致他们在第二章的boss战中反复失败。与此同时，一些玩家对“二郎神”和“灵须子”这样的名字感到不知所措，对于不熟悉汉语语音的人来说，这些名字很难发音。)”可知，划线单词后面的these cultural divides指的是由于对中国文化的不熟悉导致西方玩家对故事情节和角色难理解；再由划线单词后面的“these cultural divides, one enthusiast wrote a 200-page outline detailing Sun Wukong’s abilities across all 100 chapters of Journey to the West”可知，一位爱好者写了一份200页的大纲，详细介绍了孙悟空在《西游记》中所有100章的能力，肯定是为了弥合第三段提到的文化差异，所以划线单词bridge的意义为“弥合，消除”，与get rid of意义一致。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段的内容“Drawing on a rich heritage of nearly 1,000 years of Chinese culture, the game’s storyline and characters have proven difficult to understand for many players from western countries. For instance, a player shared on social media that their lack of familiarity with Journey to the West led to them consistently missing hidden treasures, finally resulting in repeated failures during a boss fight in Chapter 2. Meanwhile, some players feel overwhelmed by names like Erlang Shen and Lingxuzi, which can be difficult to pronounce for those unfamiliar with Chinese phonetics.(这款游戏拥有近千年的中国文化遗产，但它的故事情节和角色对许多西方国家的玩家来说很难理解。例如，一名玩家在社交媒体上分享说，他们对《西游记》的不熟悉导致他们不断丢失隐藏的宝藏，最终导致他们在第二章的boss战中反复失败。与此同时，一些玩家对“二郎神”和“灵须子”这样的名字感到不知所措，对于不熟悉汉语语音的人来说，这些名字很难发音。)”可知，由于西方玩家对中国文化的不熟悉，这款游戏对他们来说相当具有挑战性。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国热门电子游戏《黑色神话：悟空》的文化影响以及西方玩家对这款游戏的接受程度。故选C项。 评卷人 得分 三、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中）How good are we at predicting what people will do? What magazine will they buy, what music will they download, or what shoes will they choose for a party? Probably not nearly as good as we think. When it comes to human behavior, the brain is shown to have two different ways of thinking. So it doesn’t matter how old you are or how confident you are feeling. It’s all about what mood the brain is in! A common thought process is the automatic and fast way which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system 1 and dates back to the prehistoric (史前的) times when people lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them — bad weather, falling rocks and trees, and threatening animals. Nowadays we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like you’re not thinking at all. Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation (诱惑) and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control — a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of! System 2 is the opposite. It’s a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible long-term decisions like choosing which university to study at, or what type of car to buy. The problem is that system 2 often starts to feel boring and so system 1 takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jobs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap? We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. However, sometimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan, but often it’s the unconscious (无意识的) human wish to do something differently that often leads to an unexpected win. This can also lead to the common mistaken idea that your successful decisions show your skill and talent, when in fact they are just luck. Perhaps one day scientists will be able to predict what decisions people will make by measuring brain activity. In one study, volunteers were monitored with brain-scanning equipment. They were asked to press either a left or a right button whenever they wanted. The researchers found they could predict which button the volunteers would press up to seven seconds before it happened — your brain seems to know what it will do before you do! Some scientists say our brains are just machines and we are not really in control of what’s going on. Let’s hope they’re wrong! It’s one thing to be able to tell which of two buttons a person will press, but I don’t like the idea that science could one day tell me what decisions I will make in my life before I’ve even had the chance to make them! 13．In which case is system 1 more likely to be in control? A．When you choose a university. B．When you plan a birthday party. C．When you prepare for a performance. D．When you buy a jacket in the window. 14．Why is the example of sports teams mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show system 1 sometimes makes the right decision. B．To show system 2 usually makes the wrong decision. C．To show we go through life mainly using system 2. D．To show people are more willing to use system 1. 15．How does the author feel about the idea that scientists can predict people’s decisions? A．Disappointed. B．Unhappy. C．Shocked. D．Fortunate. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．Two Systems of Thought B．Early Brain Development C．Importance of Planning D．Two Ways of Dealing with Danger 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们的大脑的两种思维模式，即系统1和系统2，以及在生活中两种模式是如何作用于我们的大脑决策的。 13．推理判断题。由第二段“Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation (诱惑) and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control — a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!(你有没有发现自己屈服于诱惑，无法对橱窗里的那件新夹克说“不”？这是因为系统1在控制——这是广告界喜欢充分利用的人类特征！)”可知，当看到橱窗里的新外套的时候，我们无法抵制诱惑想要把它买下来，这个时候系统1在控制我们的大脑思维。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段“We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. However, sometimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan, but often it’s the unconscious (无意识的) human wish to do something differently that often leads to an unexpected win.(我们喜欢认为我们的一生主要使用系统2。然而，有时是系统1做出了正确的决定，而系统2却做错了。例如，运动队在比赛计划上投入了大量精力，但通常是人类无意识地希望做一些不同的事情，这通常会导致意想不到的胜利)”可知，第4段提到了运动队的例子是为了表明系统1有时会做出正确的决定。故选A。 15．推理判断题。由最后一段“Some scientists say our brains are just machines and we are not really in control of what’s going on. Let’s hope they’re wrong! It’s one thing to be able to tell which of two buttons a person will press, but I don’t like the idea that science could one day tell me what decisions I will make in my life before I’ve even had the chance to make them!(一些科学家说，我们的大脑只是机器，我们并不能真正控制发生的事情。希望它们是错的！能够知道一个人会按下两个按钮中的哪一个是一回事，但我不喜欢这样的想法：有一天，在我有机会做出决定之前，科学就能告诉我我将在我的生活中做出什么决定！)”可知，作者对科学家可以预测人们的决定感到不高兴，故选B。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“A common thought process is the automatic and fast way which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system 1 and dates back to the prehistoric (史前的) times when people lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them — bad weather, falling rocks and trees,and threatening animals.(一种常见的思维过程是自动和快速的方式，它帮助我们在危险的情况下迅速做出反应。这被称为系统1，可以追溯到史前时代，当时人们生活在一种对周围危险的自然意识中——恶劣的天气、落下的岩石和树木，以及受到威胁的动物)”和第三段“System 2 is the opposite. It’s a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible long-term decisions like choosing which university to study at, or what type of car to buy.(系统2是相反的。这是一个缓慢的思考过程，需要我们集中注意力。这种思维方式帮助我们做出明智的长期决定，比如选择哪所大学学习，或者买什么类型的车)”可知，本文主要介绍了我们的大脑的两种思维模式，即系统1和系统2，以及在生活中两种模式是如何作用于我们的大脑决策的，因此最好的题目是A选项“Two Systems of Thought (两种思维系统)”。故选A。 评卷人 得分 四、阅读理解七选五 （24-25高二上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Whether you’re an experienced dog handler or a little careful about dogs, it can be difficult to read a dog’s complex language. How do you know if the dog wants to greet you or tell you to back off? 17 A content and relaxed dog will have its ears up (not forward) and head high. 18 Your relaxed dog’s mouth opens slightly with tongue exposed. If you are still unsure of whether to approach, go slowly and make no sudden moves. Don’t make too much eye contact and slowly extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff (嗅) first before patting. After this welcome interaction, dogs may raise their tails and lower front paws (爪子). 19 This position will be held briefly before they rush off in random directions to get you to chase and to play with them. They stick out their tongues. Their ears will be up. This is your chance to have a run with your partner. 20 They show more teeth, bark more loudly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready to attack when annoyed. Be careful of these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their source of “threat”. A dog that is under social or environmental stress will pace about with the tail down, the body lowered and ears back. Its breath will also be rapid with eyes expanded. 21 In this case, try to work out the source of its stress. If you can’t change that right away, a calming massage (按摩) will help. A．Although a happy dog will have its tail high, a relaxed dog’s tail will be hanging. B．The following is a handy dog body language guide. C．And it may leave sweat marks from its feet. D．The moods can be judged from their tails. E．This means it is playtime! F．Keep your voice low and calm. G．Sometimes dogs behave in an angry and violent way. 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．E 20．G 21．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就狗的一些肢体语言所代表的含义进行了说明。 17．根据上文“Whether you’re an experienced dog handler or a little careful about dogs, it can be difficult to read a dog’s complex language. How do you know if the dog wants to greet you or tell you to back off? (无论你是经验丰富的训狗员还是对狗有点小心的人，都很难读懂狗的复杂语言。你怎么知道狗狗是想和你打招呼还是让你走开？)”可知，本句承上启下，启示后文列举了一些狗的肢体语言所代表的含义。故B选项“下面是一个方便的狗的肢体语言指南”符合语境，故选B。 18．根据上文“A content and relaxed dog will have its ears up (not forward) and head high. (一只满足和放松的狗会竖起耳朵（而不是向前），把头抬高)”以及后文“Your relaxed dog’s mouth opens slightly with tongue exposed. If you are still unsure of whether to approach, go slowly and make no sudden moves. Don’t make too much eye contact and slowly extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff (嗅) first before patting. (你放松的狗的嘴微微张开，舌头露出来。如果你仍然不确定是否要接近，慢慢走，不要突然行动。不要有太多的眼神接触，在拍狗之前，慢慢地伸出手背让它嗅一嗅。)”可知，本段主要说明了放松和满足的狗的肢体语言，A选项中relaxed对应上文relaxed。故A选项“虽然一只快乐的狗会把尾巴翘起来，但一只放松的狗会把尾巴垂下来。”符合语境，故选A。 19．根据上文“After this welcome interaction, dogs may raise their tails and lower front paws (爪子) .(在这种受欢迎的互动之后，狗可能会抬起尾巴，放下前爪。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明狗抬起尾巴，放下前爪代表的含义。故E选项“这意味着是玩耍时间！”符合语境，故选E。 20．根据后文“They show more teeth, bark more loudly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready to attack when annoyed. Be careful of these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their source of “threat”. (它们露出更多的牙齿，更大声地吠叫，把尾巴藏在双腿之间。他们被激怒时随时准备攻击。小心这些不寻常的姿势。这些信号是在他们直接面对“威胁”来源时表达出来的。)”可知，本段主要说明了狗一些愤怒的行为和肢体语言信号。故G选项“有时狗会表现出愤怒和暴力的行为。”符合语境，故选G。 21．根据上文“A dog that is under social or environmental stress will pace about with the tail down, the body lowered and ears back. Its breath will also be rapid with eyes expanded. (一只处于社会或环境压力下的狗会垂着尾巴，低着身子，耳朵后仰。它的呼吸也会很快，眼睛也会睁大。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明狗紧张的时候的一些表现。故C选项“它可能会在脚上留下汗印。”符合语境，故选C。 ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$