命题点6 非谓语动词-【一战成名新中考】2025广西中考英语（译林版）·一轮复习·精讲册优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题一 动词 命题点6 非谓语动词 （选词填空： 必考1道） 2 考点精讲 非谓语动词在句中不可单独作谓语, 它不受主语人称和数的限制, 有 三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。解答此 类试题时, 考生可参考以下步骤： 3 1.判定本题应使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。 （1）若句子缺少谓语, 该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下, 动词作谓 语放在主语之后, 比如“I love you.”中的love就是谓语动词； （2）若句中已有谓语动词, 而且没有并列连词使其与所选动词并列, 该动 词就用非谓语动词形式。 4 2.判定本题应使用非谓语动词的哪种形式： （1）根据动词的固定搭配和固定句型来确定； （2）根据非谓语动词的句法功能来确定用哪种形式。如：作主语或宾语, 用动词不定式或动名词；作目的状语, 用动词不定式等。 5 考点1 动词不定式（必考1道） （2022版课标要求：掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语） 基本形式：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略） 否定形式：not to+动词原形。 1.动词不定式（to do）的句法功能 6 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语 （2023.85） 常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+to do sth.） 有：want, afford, agree, choose, decide, expect, fail, used to等。如： I want to keep the classroom clean. 我想保持教室干净。 __________更多接动词不定式作宾语的动词见《晨读册》P66 7 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语补 足语 常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（v.+sb./sth.+ to do sth.）有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, tell, warn等。如： Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 老师建 议我们保持教室干净。 __________更多接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词见《晨读册》P67 8 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语补 足语 注意：一些使役动词和感官动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足 语时, 应省略动词不定式中的to, 但是变被动语态时, 要还原 to。 9 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语补 足语 此类动词常见的有： 三看（see, watch, notice）； 三使（let, make, have）； 一听（hear）和一感觉（feel）。 如：My mother made me clean my room yesterday morning. =I was made to clean my room by my mother yesterday morning. 昨天早上我妈妈让我打扫我的房间。 10 句法功能 用法及例句 作状语 ►作目的状语（2024.79，样卷85） Jim got up early to cook breakfast for his mother. 吉姆早 起为了给他妈妈做早饭。 ►作结果状语 Paul is too excited to say anything. 保罗太激动以至于什么 也说不出。 ►作原因状语 I am very happy to talk with you. 我很开心和你交谈。 11 句法功能 用法及例句 作主语 ►动词不定式作主语时, 常用it作形式主语, 真正的主语——动词不定式则被后置。如： It's important to keep the classroom clean. 保持教室干净很 重要。 ►若动词不定式位于句首作主语, 谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： To help others makes James happy. 帮助别人使詹姆斯快 乐。 12 句法功能 用法及例句 作定语 动词不定式作定语时, 要置于被修饰的词之后, 作后置定语。 如： I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我现在没 空。我有许多事情要做。 作表语 动词不定式作表语常位于系动词之后。如： My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 我的目的是保 持教室干净。 13 2.动词不定式的常用句型 （1）too+adj.+to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 （2）adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 （3）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 （4）It's+adj.（+for sb.）+to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是……的。 14 （5）It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 某人做某事是……的。 （6）It's time to do sth. 该是做某事的时候了。 （7）It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。 （8）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事。 （9）find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth. 发现/认为/感到做某事是……的。 15 3.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 （1）动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如： When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定 下来。（作主语） I haven't decided when to leave Beijing. 我还没决定什么时候离开北京。 （作宾语） My question is how to go to Beijing. 我的问题是如何去北京。（作表语） 16 （2）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me where to buy a cup? =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup？ 你能告诉我在哪里能买到一个杯子吗？ 17 考点2 动名词（2022版课标仅作理解要求） 1.动名词（v.-ing）的句法功能 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语 作动词宾语：常见接动名词作宾语的动词（v.+ doing sth.） 有：avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep等。如： I enjoy playing football very much. 我非常喜欢踢足球。 __________更多接动名词作宾语的动词见《晨读册》P66 作介词宾语：I have no experience in teaching English. 我没 有教英语的经验。 18 句法功能 用法及例句 作主语 若动名词位于句首作主语, 谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Getting up early is a good habit. 早起是个好习惯。 作表语 His job is teaching Chinese in a school. 他的工作是在一所 学校教汉语。 作定语 We need a washing machine. 我们需要一台洗衣机。 19 2. 动名词的常用搭配或句型 （1）be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 （2）be interested in doing sth./have （an） interest in doing sth. 对做 某事感兴趣 （3）be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 （4）be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 20 （5）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 （6）can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 （7）feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 （8）give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 （9）have a hard time in doing sth. 做某事很艰难 （10）have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth. 做某事有困难 （11）have fun （in） doing sth./have a good time （in） doing sth. 做 某事很开心 21 （12）have luck （in） doing sth. 做某事有运气 （13）look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事 （14）prefer doing… to doing… 喜欢做……胜过做…… （15）stick to doing sth./hold on to doing sth. 坚持做某事 （16）pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 22 （17）spend+时间/金钱+（in） doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 （18）succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 （19）Thank sb. for doing sth. 因某人做了某事而感谢某人。 （20）What/How about doing sth.？ 做某事怎么样？ 注意 有一些动词后面既可以接动名词, 也可以接动词不定式： 23 （1）意义相同类 ①like/love to do sth.=like/love doing sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事 ②begin/start to do sth.=begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事 ③hate to do sth.=hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 24 （2）意义不同类 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） 25 regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔（已做） regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事 need doing sth. （某物）需要被…… stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 设法/努力做某事 用法 例句 作补足语 现在分词作补足语, 被修 饰的宾语或主语是它的逻 辑主语（即主动关系）。 I hear my sister singing. 我听见 我姐姐/妹妹在唱歌。 过去分词作补足语, 被修 饰的宾语或主语是它的逻 辑宾语（即动宾关系）。 I had my hair cut last night. 昨 天晚上我理发了。 考点3 分词（2022版课标仅作理解要求） 1.分词的句法功能 分词包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed）, 其常见句法功能有： 28 用法 例句 作定语 现在分词作定语, 所修饰 的词是其逻辑主语。 Do you know the boy playing football？ 你认识正在踢球的那个男孩吗？ 过去分词作定语, 所修饰 的词是其逻辑宾语。 Please hand in your written exercises. 请上交你（们）的书面 练习。 29 2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 角度 意义 示例 语态 现在分词表示主 动意义 a sleeping girl 一个正在睡觉的女孩 an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事 过去分词表示被 动意义 the moved people 被感动的人们 a broken mirror 打碎的镜子 时间 现在分词表示正 在进行的动作 developing countries 发展中国家 boiling water 沸水 过去分词表示已 完成的动作 developed countries 发达国家 boiled water 已经煮开过的水（可能是凉开水） 30 3.过去分词的常见句型 （1）主语+have/get sth. done使……被…… 如： I want to have/get these chairs fixed. 我想把这些椅子修理一下。 （2）It is +过去分词+that句型 ①It is reported that… 据报道…… ②It is said that… 据说…… ③It is hoped that… 人们希望…… ④It is well-known that… 众所周知…… ⑤It is suggested that… 有人建议…… ⑥It is required that… 人们要求…… 31 考点精练 一、单项选择 易错点专练 1.[2024自贡]To save energy, don't forget___ the light before you leave the room. A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off 2.Mary dances very well. I'll never forget___ her dance for the first time. A. seeing B. to see C. see √ √ 32 3.—There is a wonderful football match on TV now. Why not stop ___ it? —OK, let's watch it together. A. watch B. to watch C. watching 4.Our English teacher told us to spend as much time as we can ___ English. A. read B. to read C. reading 5.Nick felt terribly sorry. He said he didn't mean ___ the rule. A. break B. breaking C. to break √ √ √ 33 6.If we want to catch the first train, that will mean ___ the house at 6:00. A. leave B. leaving C. to leave 7.It's going to rain. Please remember ___ the window before you leave the room. A. close B. to close C. closing √ √ 34 8.—I remember ___ the theater ticket home, but I can't find it. —Don't worry. Let's look for it together. A. bring B. bringing C. to bring 9.[2020北部湾经济区Ⅱ卷38题改编]Now the Chinese government has made laws ___ wild animals. A. protect B. protected C. to protect 10.[2024云南改编]Our headmaster will invite a scientist ___ us a speech on space technology. A. give B. to give C. giving √ √ √ 35 11.[2024凉山州]___teenagers' eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products. A. Protect B. To protect C. Protecting 12.It's reported that China plans ___ astronauts to the moon before 2030. A. send B. sending C. to send 13.Many people enjoy ___ zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival. A. making B. made C. to make √ √ √ 36 14.—The art festival is coming. It's a good chance to show ourselves. —You are very good at ___. And you will be the most popular star. A. singing B. sing C. to sing 15.Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ___ good grades in a new year. A. get B. getting C. to get 16.Today, we must continue working ___ our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping √ √ √ 37 17.If you have difficulty ___ out the problem, you can ask the teacher for help. A. work B. working C. to work 18.—Mike, we are told not ___ the phone while crossing the street. —I am sorry. I won't do it again. A. answering B. to answer C. answer √ √ 38 19.—I have less homework than before. —Me too. Now we have enough time ___ books. A. read B. reading C. to read 20.It took him half an hour ___ the violin last night. A. playing B. play C. to play 21.—Most teenagers like humorous TV shows. —Me too. I can't help ___ when I watch them. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh √ √ √ 39 22.Most of the students are looking forward to ___ themselves after the exams. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax 23.—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ___ in the world？ —Sorry, I have no idea. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak √ √ 40 二、选词填空 visit know make save improve become help Doctors are usually busy every day. However, when I was in primary school, my dream was to 1.________ a doctor. In fact, as a little boy, I didn't 2.______ clearly about this job. After I grow up, I know it's not easy to be a doctor. Doctors play an important part in 3._______ lives. They are always busy and don't have much personal time. My grandfather suffered from become know saving 41 cancer（患上癌症）when I was eight years old. One day, my mother bought something for my grandfather and took me to the hospital to 4._____ him. When I reached there, I saw he seemed to be in great pain. Then I asked my mom about the reason. She told me my grandfather was in bad health and the doctors were trying to 5.______ him get healthy again. At that time, the doctors gave me some hope. I know it's difficult to be a great doctor, so I plan to 6._________ myself. I'm going to university for higher education. If I become a doctor, I'd like to 7._____ those people in need. I hope the world can become better because of great doctors. visit make improve help $$