命题点3 情态动词-【一战成名新中考】2025广西中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·精讲册优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题一 动词 命题点3 情态动词 （单项选择： 5年2考） 2 考点精讲 情态动词有词义, 但不能单独作谓语, 必须和动词原形一起构成谓语, 除了have to外, 一般没有人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。 考点1 情态动词的基本用法（2023.32） 3 1.can, can't, could与couldn't 情态动词 用法 例句 can （2023.32） 表示能力, 意为“能,会”。 Jim can sing songs. 吉姆会唱 歌。 表示请求、允许, 意为 “可以”。 Can I play basketball now? 我 现在可以去打篮球吗？ can't 表示能力, 意为“不能, 不 会”。 I can't dance. 我不会跳舞。 用于回答表示请求的句 子,意为“不可以, 不能”。 —May I play volleyball now? 我现在可以打排球吗？ —No, you can't. 不, 你不能。 4 情态动词 用法 例句 could can的过去式, 意为“能, 会”, 表示过去的能力。 Lily could swim at the age of five. 莉莉五岁时就会游泳了。 在疑问句中表示委婉的请 求。 Could you please tell me the way to the post office? 请问你 能告诉我去邮局的路吗？ couldn't can't的过去式, 意为“不能, 不会”。 I couldn't hear what they were saying at that time. 那时我听不 清他们在说什么。 5 注意 回答以could引出的一般疑问句时, 用can, 不用could。如： —Could I use your mobile phone？我可以用你的手机吗？ —Yes, you can./No, you can't. 是的, 你可以。/不, 你不可以。 6 2.must, mustn't, have to与need 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 must 表示主观看法, 意为“必 须, 一定”。 I must work hard. 我必须努力工 作。 mustn't 意为“一定不要, 禁止”。 You mustn't talk in the library. 你 禁止在图书馆说话。 7 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 have to 意为“不得不”, 多表示客 观必要。 I have to finish homework tomorrow. 我明天必须要完成作业。 need 作情态动词, 常用于否定 句和疑问句中, 其否定式 needn't意为“不必”, 常用 于回答must的提问。 Need you leave so early？你需要这 么早离开吗？ Alex needn't attend the meeting. 亚历克斯不必参加会议。 8 注意 1.由must引出的一般疑问句, 肯定回答常用must；否定回答常用 needn't/don't have to/doesn't have to。如： —Must I hand in my homework this afternoon？我必须今天下午交作业 吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn't./No, you don't have to. 是的, 你必须。 /不, 你不必。 9 2.回答以need引出的一般疑问句时, 肯定回答用must/have to, 否定回答用 needn't。如： —Need I do the work at once？我需要立刻做这项工作吗？ —Yes, you must./Yes, you have to./No, you needn't. 是的, 你必须。/不, 你不必。 10 3.may与might 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 may 表示请求、许可, 意为 “可以”。 May I speak to Amy？我可以和艾米 通话吗？ might may的过去式。表示请 求、许可, 语气比 may 更委婉。 Might I ask you a question? 我可以 问你一个问题吗？ 11 注意 由may或might引出的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用may/can；否定回答用 can't/mustn't。如： —May/Might I sit here？我可以坐在这里吗？ —Yes, you may./Yes, you can./No, you can't./No, you mustn't. 是 的, 你可以。/不, 你不能。 12 4.should, shouldn't, shall, will, would与had better 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 should 意为“应该”, 表示要 求和命令, 也可以表 示劝告或建议。 You should come to school on time. 你 应该准时到校。 表示征询意见, 常用 于疑问句中。 Should I leave at 7:00 p.m.? 我晚上7 点应该离开吗？ 13 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 shouldn't 意为“不应该”。 We shouldn't waste water. 我们不应该 浪费水。 shall 常用于疑问句, 多用 于第一人称和第三 人称, 表示请求或征 求对方的意见。 Shall we go to the zoo？我们去动物园, 好吗？ 14 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 will 表示意愿或请求, 用 于疑问句中, 常用于 第二人称。 Will you please pass the book to me？ 请把那本书递给我, 好吗？ would 表示建议或个人意 愿, 表示建议时, 语 气较委婉。 Would you please help me with my maths？你可以帮我学数学吗？ had better 意为“最好”, 没有人 称和数的变化。 You'd better come back early today.你 今天最好早点儿回来。 15 考点2 情态动词表推测的用法（2020.39） 情态动词 用法 例句 must 表示非常有把握的肯定推 测, 意为“一定, 肯定”。 It must be raining outside. My father's clothes are so wet. 外面一 定在下雨。我爸爸的衣服这么湿。 may 表示把握不大的肯定推测, 意为“有可能, 也许”。 John may come back at 5：00 p.m. 约翰可能在下午五点回来。 might/co uld 表示没有把握的肯定推测, 意为“有可能, 也许”, 可能 性低于may。 The pencil might/could be Bob's. 这支铅笔可能是鲍勃的。 16 情态动词 用法 例句 can't （2020.39） 表示十分有把握的否定推 测, 意为“一定不, 不可 能”。 Jack can't be having a meeting. I saw him just now. 杰克不可能在 开会。我刚才看见他了。 may not 表示把握不大的否定推测, 意为“可能不”。 Mandy may not come tonight. 曼 迪今晚可能不会来。 17 注意 表示非常有把握的肯定推测时要用must, 但表示非常有把握的否定推 测时只能用can't, 不能用mustn't, 因为mustn't不用于否定推测, 它表示“禁 止；不允许；一定不要”。如： That can't be Jane because she is having a dance class now. 那不可 能是简, 因为她正在上舞蹈课。 You mustn't swim here. 禁止在这里游泳。 18 考点精练 易错点专练 1.[2024龙东]—Must I answer this question in English? —No, you ___. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't 2.—Steven, may I join you in the community service? —Of course you ___. A. could B. can C. must √ √ 19 3.—Could I use your computer, Mr. Li? —Yes, you ___. Remember to turn it off when it is not in use. A. could B. couldn't C. can 4.—Need I give back the book now? —I'm afraid you ___. You can only keep it for 5 days according to the library rules. A. need B. must C. may √ √ 20 5.—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash? —Sorry, I ___, Mum. I am doing my homework now. A. couldn't B. can't C. can 6.—Excuse me, may I use my phone now? —Sorry, you ___. The plane is taking off. A. need B. needn't C. can't √ √ 21 7.[2023广西32题]—Can you speak English, Lingling? —Yes, I ___. A. must B. can C. should 8.[2020北部湾经济区39题改编]—Is that woman in the lab Ms Jones? —No. It ___ be her. She has gone to the museum. A. can't B. can C. mustn't √ √ 22 9.[2024云南改编]—Whose dictionary is this? —It ___ be Sarah's. Look! Her name is on it. A. must B. mustn't C. need 10.[2024无锡改编]Shh…! This is a library. You ___ keep your voice down. A. can B. can't C. should 11.[2024南宁市江南区一模]—Do you know the girl in red over there？ —It ___ be Amy, but I am not sure. A. must B. will C. may √ √ √ 23 12.[2024南宁市西乡塘区一模]We ___ stop at a red light when we cross the road. That's the rule. A. can B. must C. may 13.—I've got a toothache, Mom. —Oh, you ___ eat too much candy. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. couldn't 14.—Must I hand in the homework right now? —___ That's the rule. A. Yes, you can. B. No, you can't. C. Yes, you must. √ √ √ 24 15.—___ you play football with me after school this Friday, Tony? —Of course, it's my favorite sport. A. Could B. May C. Must 16.—___ I take photos here？ —Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum. A. Must B. Need C. Can √ √ 25 17.—Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning. —I agree. Even Wang Yangming ___ speak until he was five. A. can't B. needn't C. couldn't 18.In most museums, there is no shouting and no running, and you ___ touch anything. A. couldn't B. needn't C. mustn't √ √ 26 $$