寒假作业08 阅读理解特训 -【寒假分层作业】2025年九年级英语寒假培优练（人教版）

专题08 阅读理解特训 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（4大考点） 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 推理判断题 考点三 词句猜测题 考点四 主旨大意题 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 考点一 细节理解题 1. 跳读查找法。 这个方法的要点在于先看题干，然后带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。 另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看，很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。 【例】The first subway line for Stockholm was opened in 1950. The Stockholm Subway is well – known for its decoration of the stations. It is called the longest art gallery in the world. Over 90 percent of its stations are decorated with paintings. 【题目】Which subway is called the longest art gallery in the world ? A. The Beijing Subway B. The Stockholm Subway C. The London Underground D. The New York City Subway. 【解析】B。看到题目，知道重点应快速搜寻the longest art gallery，并最终确定答案为B。 2. 排除法 有些题目中，正面选择比较困难，但是运用排除法，将不正确的选项先确定下来，就只剩下唯一的一个正确答案了。 Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter. 【题目】From the first paragraph we know noodles belong to a kind of ______ food. A. vegetable B. fruit C. meat D. cereal 【解析】D。这道题更像是一道常识题，面食究竟属于哪一类？A项指“蔬菜”一类，应排除；B项指“水果”一类，也不对；C项指“肉类”，也不符合；最后只能是D项了，指“谷类食品”，对应文中的第（6）条。 3. 简单计算法 数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。 Main Dishes Cheeseburger ￥5.2 Big Mac ￥10.4 Mc Chicken ￥5 (50% off until Feb 24) Fillet-o-fish ￥9.9 【题目】How much did you need to pay for one McChicken before? A. ￥5. B. ￥10. C.￥2.5. D. ￥50. 【解析】B。重点根据“McChicken：￥5 (50% off until Feb 24)”可知，在2月24号以前有50% 的优惠，即优惠后的价格是￥5，所以原价应是￥10。 注意要点 细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点： 首先，阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词first （第一），least （最不），always （总是），never（永不），all（所有），none（一个也不），any（任何） 和表示唯一性的词汇only（只有） , just（仅仅），往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。 其次，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。 最后，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。 总而言之，只要掌握了解题技巧并不断练习，就能在考试中取得好成绩。 【巩固练习】 Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he live over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose the good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said. 1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________. A．he lived a poor life in his childhood B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education C．he traveled with his students from state to state D．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period 2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports ________ as a child. A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teachers 【答案】1．B 2．D 【导语】本文主要介绍孔子的生平、对教育的贡献以及其重要思想。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Although he live over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today.”可知，今天我们仍然记得孔子，主要是因为他对教育的贡献，B项符合。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.”可知，孔子小时候拜访了许多著名的老师，学习了音乐、历史、诗歌和体育。故选D。 考点二 推理判断题 1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 【例1】John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay? A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20. 【解析】这是一个数字推断题。解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 文章中有这样一些相关信息： Secret of the Dragon… Cost Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 years): half … 根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。 2. 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断。 有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章用词。 【例1】In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean? A. We should always visit Dubai. B. We should learn from foreigners. C. We must always remember our past. D. We must only think about the future. 【解析】根据题目要求，我们锁定文章最后一段的划线部分，并结合上文来推断。 Many people welcome the city’s growth. But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change. As a Dubai native says, “We must always remember where we came from. Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and there’s a lot more work to do.” 根据划线部分中的用词：must always, very, very hard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。 我们也可以从四个选项上排除个别选项。选项A、D，太过绝对，根据常识，我们可以排除这两项。那么，我们就可以从B、C两项中选。这时再读划线句子，很好排除选项B。 3. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断 有些文章具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。 【例】Which of the following is cause and effect? A. Tony got up and had a glass of water. B. We came home and found him sleeping. C. The ball was lost and a window was broken. D. Tim was late again and his teacher got angry. 【解析】我们根据常识即可知因果关系（cause and effect），故本题答案选D。为了确保答案正确，我们可再回到原文寻找依据： Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. 以上分别从三个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断，但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。因此，在阅读的过程中，需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。 【巩固练习】 Are you on social media? How old were you when you started using it? Nowadays, social media platforms (平台) have become a common part of our live. However, with the rise of social media, there has also been a growing concern about its influence on younger users. Maybe you’re not old enough to start using social media. Australia is making a new law. After it passes, people will have to be above a certain age to use social media. It is not known what the age will be, but it will most likely be between 14 and 16, said Reuters on Sept 10. The new law will start by the end of the year. “We want them to have real experiences with real people because we know that social media is causing social problems,” said Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese. He has a point. In a study on 20,000 Australian students in the 10th grade, many felt social media made them less happy. In another study, around 60 percent of parents thought social media was bad for children’s mental health, reported The Guardian. However, experts have doubts about the law. Lisa Given, a professor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, wrote in The Conversation that many European countries tried this before but failed. This is because social media is an important way for teenagers to get information. It also helps them share their thoughts. So it is not right to take this away from them. On the technical (技术的) side, the law will also be difficult to carry out, said the regulator (监管机构) for online safety in the country. For example, many apps now ask users their age. But users can simply lie and put in an earlier date. What’s more, the law may push teenagers to hide their online activities, or even use apps that are unsafe or badly managed. 1．How does the author start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By explaining the reason. 2．Which of the following can be inferred as a possible result? A．Australia’s new law will increase teenagers’ happiness. B．Australia’s new law will be followed by all European countries. C．Australia’s new law may fail due to technical difficulties in implementation. D．Australia’s new law will completely prevent teenagers from using social media. 【答案】1．B 2．C 【导语】本文讨论了社交媒体对年轻用户的影响，以及澳大利亚计划通过立法限制年轻用户使用社交媒体的相关观点和挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据“Are you on social media? How old were you when you started using it?”可知，文章开头使用了提问的方式来引入主题，讨论社交媒体的使用及其对年轻用户的影响。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the technical (技术的) side, the law will also be difficult to carry out”可知，新法可能因技术无法有效执行而失败。故选C。 考点三 词句猜测题 1. 根据上下文语境猜测词义 一个单词或词组的确切含义与其所处的上下文及语境联系密切，所以我们可以借助上下文语境进行合乎逻辑的推测。 【例】：What is the first thing you want to do when you see someone yawn (打哈欠)? You want to yawn, too! Yawning is contagious. 【题目】The underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 1 means ________. A. helpful to our health B. passing from one person to another C. hard to understand D. getting in one trouble after another 【解析】 B。contagious乍看起来像是一个完完全全的生词，但通过上文我们得知“别人打哈欠的时候，你的第一反应也是想打哈欠”。通过描述，我们知道打哈欠是可以传染的，所以正确答案为B。 2. 复述推测法 根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围，复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等，也常用or, similarly, that is to say, in other words等。 【例】：Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be –thousands of flaming taking off into the sky at once! 【题目】What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Frustrating. B. Surprising. C. Terrible. D. Fantastic. 【解析】 D。thousands of flaming taking off into the sky是对a spectacular sight的解释，很显然，“成千上万的发光发亮的物体飞上天空”是很壮观的、惊人的，所以正确答案是D。 3. 替代、说明、举例推测法 在阅读中，前后文中会对生词、短语和句子进行一定的解释说明，或者会用其它词汇替代或者举例进行阐述说明，可由此推断出其所指含义。 【例】：Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of all take an interest in the word. 【题目】The underlined word “well-rounded” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A. 圆满的 B. 崭新的 C. 公平的 D. 全面的 【解析】D。well-rounded之后的句子详细给出了阐述：教育不仅教人们听说读写，还发展人们的创造性思维和其它一些能力。这些都表达了一个概念：教育培养的是全能型人才，所以选D。 4. 因果关系法 在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。根据因果关系猜测词义，从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因的信号词有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等。 【例】：Jake wasn’t impressed with what he had done. “Stopping the bus,” he said, “was easy compared to playing Grand Theft Auto III,” his favorite video game. The bus driver was taken to the police station. He was at first charged (指控) with “leaving a child alone while motor is running.” The lawyer said he hoped to upgrade the charge because of the number of children (twenty) on the bus. 【题目】What does the underlined word “upgrade” mean in the fourth paragraph? A. 改变 B. 取消 C. 加重 D. 减轻 【解析】 C。根据because后的原因——当时有二十个学生在车上而不是一个，推测结果是律师要“升级、加重”对司机的指控，所以正确答案为C。 5. 代词替代法 一般情况下，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。 【例】：Although scientists have been trying for many years to develop a new kind of car that does not need gasoline (汽油), they have been unsuccessful. 【题目】The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. cars B. scientists C. engines D. drivers 【解析】B。从上下文可以得知，科学家致力于发明一种不需要汽油的汽车，但是他们没有成功，所以这里的they指的是scientists, 故正确答案是B。 6. 根据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 有时文中会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语，来表现事物之间的差异和观点的不同。这时往往会出现转折词but, yet, however, while, in spite of, on the contrary, instead of等。 【例】：For example, we all have days like this: our dog has made a mess on the floor we just cleaned, or our friend called to tell us he or she couldn’t come at the last minute when we had cooked dinner for him or her. We may be really angry but we tried to bear things like those. 【题目】The underlined word “bear” in Paragraph 2 means ________. A. 纠正 B. 忍受 C. 铭记 D. 杜绝 【解析】B。前文中描述了两种场景：狗狗把我们刚擦干净的地板弄得一团糟，朋友在我们准备好晚饭后才告知不能来。这两件事情是足以让我们抓狂生气的事情，但文章中的but一词的出现说明后面bear的意思是和angry是相反意义的词。根据判断，我们得知对这样的事情我们可能会很生气但是也应该尽量去忍受，所以B为正确答案。 7. 根据构词法判断 英语构词可分为三类：合成、转化和派生词。 (1) 合成词即将两个、三个或多个词组合在一起形成一个具有不同含义的新词。有些合成了的新词连写；有些词合成之后，词与词之间要用连字符连接起来。如：basket + ball → basketball。 (2) 转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。如: Our classroom is clean and tidy. (adj.) They clean their room every day. (v.) (3) 派生是通过在一个词根（root）的前面加前缀（prefix）或在其后加后缀（suffix）构成一个新单词即派生词。如：visit→ visitor。 【例】：The people from 150 countries live and work in Dubai, and foreigners now outnumber Dubai natives (本地人) by eight to one. 【题目】What does the underlined word “outnumber” mean? A. To be small in size than another group. B. To be more in number than another group. C. To be bigger in area than another group. D. To be smaller in area than another group. 【解析】B。本题也可以根据构词法判断：out作为前缀加名词或形容词，有“超过”的意思。根据构词法可知outnumber指“数目上超过”，所以答案是B。 8. 根据常识及生活经验来猜测词义： 尽可能利用有关知识，如生活经验、常识、学科知识、科普知识进行必要的推理，以达到理解词义的目的。同时了解一些国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，猜测词义的能力也能得到增强。 【例】：“If I plant it on the hill,” he said to himself, “the wind might catch it and shake down the delicious fruit before it is ripe. If I plant it close to the road, passers-by will see it and take away the apples –but if I plant it too near the door of my house, my children may pick the fruit.” 【题目】The underlined word “ripe” means ________. A. 挂果 B. 成熟 C. 开花 D. 成长 【解析】 B。根据常识我们知道果树一般都是先开花后结果，故排除C选项；前文已经提到the delicious fruit了，所以A选项也不正确；D选项的范围太大，从播种发芽到开花结果的过程都可以称为成长。所以选B，果子在成熟之前被风吹落。 【巩固练习】 When looking at a pair of old chopsticks, most people would see nothing but waste. But FelixBock would see boxes, tables, shelves and so on. Felix Bock, a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Canada, found out people threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks every day in Vancouver alone. He felt the need to do something. So he started the company ChopValue in the same year. The company collected used chopsticks from restaurants, schools and shopping centers in Canada and the US and turned them into furniture and other artworks. Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people, and using his special processing machines, he has recycled 32 million pairs of chopsticks. Bock takes pride in his work. And he hopes the idea behind ChopValue will help people rethink what they see is not just waste. “I believe every small action can help,” he said. “And I am happy that my business provides a new way for people.” Hundreds of restaurants across North America pay a small sum of money to Bock for the recycling of their used chopsticks. Bock doesn’t stop there. Now he is busy taking his business to more countries and has set up factories for recycling local wood like chopsticks in 10 countries. 1．What does the underlined word “employs” mean in Chinese? A．指责 B．召集 C．奖励 D．雇用 【答案】 11．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了Felix Bock通过回收旧筷子并将其制成家具和艺术品的行为，展现了一种创新的废物再利用方式，以及他希望通过这种方式让人们改变对废物的看法。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people, and using his special processing machines, he has recycled 32 million pairs of chopsticks.”可知，随着公司规模的扩大，Bock应是雇用员工来回收筷子，故推断“employs”是指“雇用”。故选D。 考点四 主旨大意题 1. 段落大意类 【例1】For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380, 10 people can see; $1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world. 【题目】The last paragraph is mainly about _____. A. how much a training program for a group of doctors costs B. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their work C. who can make thousands of blind people see again D. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes 【解析】D。段落举出几个例子，说明不同的金钱额度可以为盲人做到的事情。A和C选项分别是其中某一例子，不能概括全段。B选项的意思是ORBIS需要你的帮助，借此呼吁读者，故B选项不正确。 【解题方法】提取关键词。关键词是在文章或段落中反复出现，甚至其它说明内容都为之服务的词语。段落中重复出现的词语有you, can, help (以及provide，在此表达意义相近)。找到关键词，我们就会发现，该段落的每一句话都站在读者“你”的角度，以“你能做某事来帮助盲人”为句子中心，呼吁读者做出自己的贡献。然后再综合四个选项，只有D选项包含了全部三个关键词。 2. 文章标题类 【例2】Green is an important color in nature. It is ... It is ... Sometimes, the word “green” means young, fresh and growing. For example ... In the 15th century ... A century later ... By the 18 th century ... Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb (大拇指). The expression ... A person with a green thumb ... The Green Revolution (绿色革命) is … Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling. Jealousy (嫉妒). The green eyed monster ... It is ... It … In most places in the world, a green light is a signal (信号) to move ahead. In everyday speech, a green light means approval (赞成) to continue with a project. 【题目】Which would be the best title of the passage? A. Green, the color of grass and trees B. The stories about the color “green” C. Green, a sign of approval D. Different meanings of “green” 【解析】D。这篇文章讲述了绿色的许多意义。第一段开头引出绿色的重要性，第二段到第四段分别说明绿色在不同语境不同环境的使用。A选项只说了绿色在自然界的意义；文章没有讲述绿色的故事，只提到了不同地方绿色代表的不同含义，B选项错误；C选项是最后一段的概括，以偏概全。 【解题方法】跳读。跳读方法之一：看句子主语。在第一段中有三个主语，两个主语都是代词It，很容易判断两个代词It指的是前文提到的Green，是进一步解释说明Green，属于细节内容。第三段第二句的主语The expression，用了定冠词，实际上也是指前文提到的内容。跳读方法之二：忽略举例词。第二段中for example是举例说明的标志词，也就是说，后面的内容举例，用来解释补充前面的观点。在把握主旨大意时，可以适当忽略。以此类推，我们通过跳读，分析出每个段落的主题句。例如这篇文章中，段落的主题句是首句。综合段落大意，每段讲了绿色的不同意义，从而总结出文章的最佳题目。 3. 中心思想类 【例3】… or some people, music is no fun at all. About 4% of the population is what scientists call “amusic”. People who are amusic are born without the ability to enjoy musical notes. Amusic people often cannot tell the differences between two songs. As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics ... By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify (辨别) this unusual condition. Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different for those of people who can enjoy music. The difference is complex (复杂的), and it is not connected with poor hearing ... Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors. Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断) ... That makes it easier for them to explain ... 【题目】What is the main idea of the passage? A. Amusics’ strange behaviors. B. Musical ability. C. Some people’s inability to enjoy music. D. Identification and treatment of amusic. 【解析】C。整篇文章的关键词是amusic (无法欣赏音乐的人)。文章主要介绍了amusic病症及其原因的简单探究。 【解题方法】抓住中心句。中心句是对文章内容的概括或总结，通常是段落首句或尾句。另外，首尾句通常也有承上启下的作用。所以，重视首尾句更有助于我们把握文章内容。在上面的这个例子中，每段的首句就是段落的中心句。第一段首句引出话题：amusic；第二段讲了amusic的表现；第三段讲了amusic现象背后的科学依据；第四段说明了amusic的现状。 4. 写作意图类 【例4】Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those who are interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano (火山) surfing and land diving. Volcano Surfing On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. Yasur is … Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. Volcano surfers try to … It’s fast, fun and dangerous – the perfect extreme sport (极限运动). Land Diving … A man ties tree vines (树藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head – without breaking the vine. Every spring, island natives (men only) still take part in this amazing activity. 【题目】What is the purpose of the passage? A. To tell people not to do dangerous sports. B. To explain what volcano surfing and land diving are. C. To talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land diver. D. To compare activities in Vanuatu with sports in New Zealand. 【解析】B。本篇文章介绍了南太平洋岛国瓦努阿图上的两项极限运动：火山滑板和陆地蹦极。第一段引入两项极限运动的话题；第二、三段分类介绍。 【解题方法】把握标题。有些文章有文章标题或段落标题。通过标题，我们就能了解文章或段落的主要内容或中心思想。段落标题常出现在说明文或议论文中，并且有提纲挈领的作用。这类文章通常采取总分总的形式，结构清晰。第一段通常引出话题；中间段落逐条介绍；最后有时也有总结性的段落。 小结 上面我们介绍了解答主旨大意题的几种方法：提取关键词、跳读、抓住中心句以及把握标题。在解题时，为了获取有效信息，往往需要融合多种方法进行概括、判断和归纳。例如通过跳读找出关键词或中心句，从中心句概括出全文主旨。同时，我们也可以从选项入手，运用排除法排除干扰项，比如主观臆测、过于笼统或以偏概全的选项。在遇到标题类的题目时，我们可以假设自己是作者，检验写作思路是否与原文相符。如果不符，可能就需要重新考虑答案。 【巩固练习】 When you hear the word “shapeshifting” (变身), you may think of movies, and not the climate (气候). But that’s what animals are doing to deal with climate change. A new study shows that some animals are growing larger beaks (鸟嘴), legs and ears. In this way they can lose heat more easily to cool themselves down as Earth gets warmer. “A lot of the time when we talk about climate change, we ask ‘Can humans deal with this?’ or ‘What technology can solve this?’ But we should know that animals also have to get used to these changes,” said Sara Ryding from Deakin University, Australia. If animals fail to control their body temperature, they can overheat and die. In one example, the beaks of some Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger since 1871. The study says it has something to do with rising summer temperatures over the years. Similar examples include wood mice. They have longer tails and legs and bats in warm climates have bigger wings. Although the changes are still small, Ryding said they could be much clearer as the days become hotter. “Body parts like ears are predicted to be bigger, so we might end up with a live-action Dumbo (big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding told BBC. 1．How does the writer prove his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By telling a story. B．By explaining terms. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparison. 2．What’s the best title for the text? A．Grow with the climate B．The change of animals C．Live with cold weather D．The future of the earth 【答案】 1．C 2．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍气候变暖对动物和人类的影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据“In one example, the beaks of some Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger since 1871.”可知第四段主要用举例的方法介绍了动物变身的实际情况。故选C。 2．最佳标题题。通过阅读全文可知，本文主要讲气候变暖对动物和人类的影响，A项“随着气候成长”可作为本文最佳标题。故选A。 一、完形填空 A few notable moments from my most recent volunteering at the Children’s Hospital never escape me. After we had 1 with the nurses, Dr. Tiny and I went to our first room, inside which were a mother and a two-year-old boy. This young boy was 2 on the bed, jumping up and down. Mom looked at us with a sense of expectation and curiosity. She was trying to calm her son, but she couldn’t. Dr. Tiny 3 his tool and waved it through the air creating bubbles (肥皂泡) in front of the child. I had a 4 with me. I started to play gentle, 5 music. As we did this, the young boy watched the bubbles with his eyes, and began to rock (摇摆) 6 gently to the music. He slowly reached out his hand to 7 the bubbles. We glanced over at the mom and noticed that she, too, had become 8 . Later, we walked into another room at the Emergency Department. The patient was a teenage boy who had met with a terrible 9 , leaving him unable to sit up. 10 , he could raise his head with 11 to see us as we entered the room. He saw our guitar. “Play me a song,” he said, “The Red Nose Reindeer.” I quickly adjusted my guitar, 12 my throat, and began to sing, “Jingle bells, Jingle bells, Jingle all the way...” The patient looked up with a look of 13 . With a smile, he said, “Play The Red Nose Reindeer, please!” Dr. Tiny looked at me and said, “You are starting to embarrass us.” I glanced at Dr. Tiny and the patient, 14 for getting it wrong. I began to sing again. As Dr. Tiny and I sang the song, the patient sang along and laughed. “That was a good one!” he shouted 15 . 1．A．registered B．exchanged C．applied D．requested 2．A．sleeping B．standing C．lying D．sitting 3．A．pulled out B．put down C．made up D．packed up 4．A．suitcase B．piano C．guitar D．backpack 5．A．lively B．sorrowful C．peaceful D．powerful 6．A．up and down B．back and forth C．far and near D．here and there 7．A．move B．raise C．place D．touch 8．A．angrier B．quieter C．happier D．calmer 9．A．adventure B．accident C．event D．occasion 10．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．However D．Though 11．A．pain B．confidence C．determination D．effort 12．A．lowered B．changed C．used D．cleared 13．A．confusion B．horror C．gratitude D．regret 14．A．announcing B．appreciating C．apologizing D．considering 15．A．crazily B．excitedly C．impatiently D．hopefully 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在儿童医院做志愿者时的一次难忘的经历。 1．句意：在护士那里登记后，Tiny医生和我来到了我们的第一个房间，里面住着一位母亲和一个两岁的男孩。 registered注册，登记；exchanged交换；applied应用；requested要求。根据上文“A few notable moments from my most recent volunteering at the Children’s Hospital never escape me.”提到了作者在儿童医院作志愿者，以及下文“with the nurses, Dr. Tiny and I went to our first room, inside which were a mother and a two-year-old boy.”可知，作者在登记后，和医生一起走进了一个生病儿童的房间，故选A。 2．句意：这个小男孩站在床上，上蹿下跳。 sleeping睡觉；standing站立；lying说谎，躺；sitting坐下。由下文“on the bed, jumping up and down”可知，孩子在床上跳来跳去，即小男孩站在了床上，故选B。 3．句意：Tiny医生拿出他的工具，在空气中挥舞，在孩子面前制造气泡。 pulled out拿出；put down放下；made up组成，弥补；packed up打包。由下文“his tool and waved it through the air creating bubbles (肥皂泡) in front of the child.”可知，Tiny医生拿出了他的工具，然后在空中挥舞，故选A。 4．句意：我带了把吉他。 suitcase行李箱；piano钢琴；guitar吉他；backpack行囊，背包。由下文“I quickly adjusted my guitar”可知，作者带了把吉他，故选C。 5．句意：我开始演奏轻柔平和的音乐。 lively活泼的；sorrowful痛苦的；peaceful和平的；powerful强大的。由上文“gentle”可知，作者开始演奏轻柔且平和的音乐，故选C。 6．句意：当我们这样做的时候，小男孩用他的眼睛看着气泡，病开始随着音乐轻轻地前后摇动。 up and down上上下下；back and forth来来回回；far and near远近；here and there到处。由上文“began to rock”可知，小男孩随着音乐左右摇摆，故选B。 7．句意：他慢慢地伸出手去摸泡泡。 move移动；raise提高；place放置；touch触碰，触摸。由上文“He slowly reached out his hand to…”可知，男孩伸出手去摸泡泡，故选D。 8．句意：我们瞥了一眼那位母亲，发现她也变得平静了。 angrier更生气的；quieter更安静的；happier更高兴的；calmer更冷静的。根据上文“She was trying to calm her son, but she couldn’t.”可知，母亲试图让孩子平静下来，后来孩子平静下来了，母亲也变得平静下来，故选D。 9．句意：这个病人是一个十几岁的男孩，他遭遇了一场可怕的事故，使他无法坐起来。 adventure冒险；accident事故；event事件；occasion场合。由下文“leaving him unable to sit up”可知，男孩遭遇了一场可怕的事故，所以不能坐起来，故选B。 10．句意：然而，当我们进入房间时，他可以努力抬起头来看我们。 Therefore因此；Meanwhile与此同时；However然而；Though尽管。根据“leaving him unable to sit up…, he could raise his head”可知上下文是转折关系，虽然男孩不能坐起来，但是他努力抬起头来看我们，故选C。 11．句意：然而，当我们进入房间时，他可以努力抬起头来看我们。 pain痛苦；confidence自信；determination决心；effort努力。由下文“to see us as we entered the room.”和上文提到的男孩因遭遇车祸而无法坐起来可知，他努力抬起头来看我们，故选D。 12．句意：我迅速调整吉他，清了清噪子，开始唱起来:“铃儿响叮当，铃儿响叮当，一路响叮当……”。 lowered降低；changed改变；used使用；cleared清理，清喉咙。由下文“…my throat, and began to sing,”可知，作者在唱歌之前清了清嗓子，故选D。 13．句意：病人抬起头来，一脸困惑。 confusion困惑；horror荣誉；gratitude感谢；regret后悔。由下文“Play The Red Nose Reindeer, please!”和“for getting it wrong. I began to sing again.”可知，作者唱错歌曲了，所以这个男孩在听完作者唱歌后，一脸困惑，故选A。 14．句意：我瞥了一眼Tiny医生和病人，为自己的错误道歉，然后又开始唱了起来。 announcing宣布；appreciating欣赏，感激；apologizing道歉；considering考虑。由下文“for getting it wrong, I began to sing again”可知，作者为唱错歌而道歉，故选C。 15．句意：“这个很好!”他兴奋地喊道。 crazily疯狂地；excitedly兴奋地；impatiently没有耐心地；hopefully有希望地。由上文“That was a good one!”可知，男孩很兴奋，故选B。 二、阅读理解 Tim was known for his special talent in painting, but he was also known for his lack of confidence. He often hid his paintings, fearing they would not be good enough for others to see. One day, an art competition was announced (宣布) in the village. Tim’s friends and family encouraged him to join in, but he was unsure, doubting his abilities. His grandfather, a wise old man, noticed Tim’s hesitation and took him to the village stream. “Look at the stream, Tim,” said his grandfather. “Do you see how the water flows smoothly, even when it meets rocks? It never gives up. It finds a way around or over them.” Tim watched the water, understanding the lesson. His grandfather continued, “Your talent is like the water. It’s powerful and beautiful. Don’t let fear block your path. Flow like the water, and let your talent shine.” Inspired (受启发) by his grandfather’s words, Tim decided to enter the competition. He painted with all his heart, pouring his emotions into the painting. When the day of the competition came, he handed in his painting, still nervous but determined (坚定的). The results were announced, and to everyone’s surprise, Tim won the first prize. His painting was admired for its depth and emotion. Tim learned a valuable lesson that day: confidence comes from within, and it’s important to believe in oneself. From then on, Tim never hid his paintings again. He became a well-known artist, always remembering the day his grandfather taught him to flow like water, overcoming every difficulty with determination. 16．Why did Tim hide his paintings? A．He lacked confidence. B．He didn’t want to show off. C．He wanted to improve his paintings. D．He thought his paintings were too well-known. 17．Which of the following can best describe Tim’s grandfather? A．Smart and outgoing. B．Wise and encouraging. C．Talented and confident. D．Hard-working and smart. 18．What is the main idea of the story? A．The importance of participating in art competitions. B．The journey of an artist from self-doubt to confidence. C．The role of a wise grandfather in a young artist’s life. D．The influence of winning a competition on an artist’s life. 19．What can we learn from Tim’s story? A．Many hands make light work. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．Confidence is a gift that others give us. D．Success comes only through natural talent. 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．B 19．B 【导语】本文主要讲了Tim从对自己的才华不自信，在他爷爷的鼓励下最终获得自信的故事。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tim was known for his special talent in painting, but he was also known for his lack of confidence. He often hid his paintings, fearing they would not be good enough for others to see.”可知，Tim之所以藏他的画是因为他缺乏自信。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“His grandfather, a wise old man”以及第五段“Inspired (受启发) by his grandfather’s words”可知，Tim的爷爷很有智慧且善于鼓励人。故选B。 18．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了Tim从对自己的才华不自信，在他爷爷的鼓励下最终获得自信的心路历程。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Tim learned a valuable lesson that day: confidence comes from within, and it’s important to believe in oneself.”以及最后一段“always remembering the day his grandfather taught him to flow like water, overcoming every difficulty with determination.”可知，毅力和信心最终让Tim获得成功。故选B。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于三个单词）。 Angela was born in Portland, Oregon. She 20 (grow) up in a family of artists. Angela’s development 21 an artist changed when she noticed a large amount of plastic pollution on southern Oregon beaches. After she learned more about ocean pollution, she decided to do something for 22 . Then, the Washed Ashore Project was born. 23 (clear) up the rubbish in the ocean as quickly as possible, Angela looked for some local volunteers. Under 24 leadership of Angela, they used rubbish to build huge sculptures (雕塑) of the sea animals that are most affected (影响) by the pollution. Through these sculptures, they hope to get people’s attention on ocean pollution. Angela is 25 (interest) in shapes and colors in the world around her. She turned the rubbish collected from the ocean into pieces of art with her own ideas. Her childhood of walking around the Pacific Ocean and 26 (dig) in the mud (淤泥) of Puget Sound has 27 (great) influenced her work. Besides, influenced by her artist parents, she has a good eye for things. These sculptures 28 (see) as part of an exhibition (展览) called “Washed Ashore Project”. Its purpose is to educate and encourage people to take action to prevent ocean pollution. Nowadays, Angela keeps on fighting for the protection of the ocean. She always tells the workers and volunteers in Washed Ashore Project: We will continue our work 29 we run out of plastic on the beach. 【答案】 20．grew 21．as 22．it 23．To clear 24．the 25．interested 26．digging 27．greatly 28．are seen 29．until/till 【导语】本文主要介绍了一名艺术家安吉拉为海洋污染做出的贡献。 20．句意：她在一个艺术家的家庭中长大。句子为一般过去时，空处用动词过去式，故填grew。 21．句意：当安吉拉注意到俄勒冈州南部海滩上大量的塑料污染时，她作为一个艺术家的发展发生了变化。根据“development… an artist”可知，此处表达作为一个艺术家的发展，as“作为”符合，故填as。 22．句意：在她了解了更多关于海洋污染的知识后，她决定为它做点什么。根据“After she learned more about ocean pollution,”可知，这里指为海洋污染做点事情，空处应用代词it指代“ocean pollution”，故填it。 23．句意：为了尽快清理海洋中的垃圾，安吉拉找了一些当地的志愿者。分析句子，空处缺少动词不定式表目的，故填To clear。 24．句意：在安吉拉的领导下，他们用垃圾建造了受污染影响最严重的海洋动物的巨型雕塑。“under the leadership of”意为“在某人领导下”，固定短语，故填the。 25．句意：安吉拉对她周围世界的形状和颜色很感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，形容词短语，故填interested。 26．句意：她的童年是在太平洋上漫步，在普吉特海湾的淤泥中挖掘，这对她的工作影响很大。根据“Her childhood of walking around the Pacific Ocean and …in the mud (淤泥) of Puget Sound”可知，空处动词形式与walking保持一致，动名词作宾语，故填digging。 27．句意：她的童年是在太平洋上漫步，在普吉特海湾的淤泥中挖掘，这对她的工作影响很大。空处缺少副词修饰动词has influenced，故填greatly。 28．句意：这些雕塑被视为一个名为“洗过的岸上项目”的展览的一部分。be seen as“被视为”，句子描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语These sculptures为复数，be动词用are。故填are seen。 29．句意：我们将继续工作，直到海滩上的塑料用完为止。根据“We will continue our work”可知，这里指直到海滩上的塑料用完才会停止工作，until/till“直到……为止”符合，故填until/till。 A （2024·山东聊城·中考真题）On April 18 each year, people all over the world celebrate the International Day for Monuments and Sites (国际古迹遗址日). In China, young people are realizing the importance of their history and culture. Many are doing their best to protect Chinese cultural sites and try to promote (推广) them. Finding new artifacts (文物) Xu Danyang, a 29-year-old archaeologist (考古学家), found an amazing bronze statue (青铜像) at the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan. In 2021, he dug out this statue. In the beginning, his team thought it was a bird. But as they continued the digging, they had a surprise. It turned out (结果是) to be a statue of a man, about 16cm high. It shows a man kneeling with his head turned, and it surprises everyone who sees it. Making maps for protection Wu Yunjie who was born in the 1990s found a new way—by making a special map to show the best cultural sites in China. Wu is now famous on the Internet. He marked almost 10,000 places like old temples, towers, bridges and houses. Each site with colorful marks showed how special and important they are. As a kid, Wu loved going to a temple in his hometown in Ezhou, Hubei. However, it was pulled down years ago. He was sad and decided to record all the cultural sites in China. He started to travel across the country. He visits places in person and adds them to his map, making sure we all remember them. Now, Wu asks for help from people online to make his map better and better. And he hopes to share this amazing map with everyone who respects (尊重) history and culture soon. Making explanations (解释) fun Zhang Bin is a 31-year-old tour guide at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum in Xi’an, Shaanxi. He works to answer visitors’ questions about the famous Terracotta Warriors and shares all of his knowledge about them. Zhang often uses the traditional Chinese performance art of xiangsheng to explain them. He is doing something meaningful for the site. 1．How many ways are mentioned to protect and promote Chinese cultural sites in this passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 2．Why were Xu Danyang and his team surprised at the bronze statue? A．Because the statue was very big and scary with his head turned. B．Because the statue changed from a bird into a kneeling child. C．Because the statue which they thought was a bird turned out to be a man. 3．What does Wu Yunjie do to make his map of Chinese cultural sites? ① He marks sites on his map.            ②He visits places in person. ③He asks for help online.                ④ He answers visitors’ questions. A．①②④ B．①②③ C．②③④ 4．What’s the best title (标题) for the passage? A．Spreading Traditional Chinese Art B．Introducing Chinese Cultural Sites C．Respecting History with Action 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国年轻人通过不同的方式保护和推广中国的文化遗址。 1．细节理解题。根据“Finding new artifacts (文物)”、“Making maps for protection”及“Making explanations (解释) fun”可知，文中提到了三种保护和推广中国文化遗址的方式：发掘新的文物，制作保护地图，以及通过有趣的方式进行解释。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the beginning, his team thought it was a bird. But as they continued the digging, they had a surprise. It turned out (结果是) to be a statue of a man, about 16cm high.”可知，徐丹阳和他的团队对青铜像感到惊讶的原因是他们原本以为它是一只鸟，结果却是一个人的雕像。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“He marked almost 10,000 places like old temples, towers, bridges and houses.”、“He visits places in person and adds them to his map”及“Now, Wu asks for help from people online to make his map better and better.”可知，吴云杰制作中国文化遗址地图的方式包括：在地图上标记遗址，亲自访问这些地方，并在线上寻求帮助。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读文章可知，文章主要介绍了中国年轻人通过不同的方式保护和推广中国的文化遗址，因此Respecting History with Action最能概括文章的主题。故选C。 B （2024·山东济南·中考真题）John knew he was going to have a great summer when he and his best friend, Danny, arrived at the camp. Everywhere he looked, there were tons of boys of his age, laughing together, playing tennis, or swimming in the pool. John and Danny quickly found their camping tent and met their teacher. After they unpacked their travelling bags, the boys decided to go for a swim. They changed into their swimsuits and walked down to the pool. At first, John and Danny stayed in the shallow end (浅水区). They played games in the water with a few other boys. Every now and then, John watched other boys jump, dive (跳水), and even do challenging actions off the diving board, like flipping in the air, but he did not feel brave enough to try it himself. After a while Danny said they should take turns jumping off the diving board. John looked nervously at Danny and shook his head. Danny told John that it was not as scary as it looked. John finally agreed to give it a try. Slowly, he climbed to the top of the diving board. He took a few steps to the end of the board and looked over at Danny. Danny gave him a big smile. John took a deep breath, closed his eyes, and jumped. He hit the water with a splash and moved quickly up to the surface. Danny ran to John to give him a high-five. Then they spent the rest of the day enjoying themselves jumping off the diving board. 5．Where did John and Danny go? A．To a summer camp. B．To a sports center. C．To an amusement park. D．To a beach party. 6．What did John and Danny do just before they walked to the pool? A．They put up their camping tent. B．They put all their things in order. C．They played games with some boys. D．They changed into their swimsuits. 7．What problem did John face in the story? A．He was not interested in swimming. B．He was too nervous to swim in public. C．He was afraid to jump off the diving board. D．He was not able to get on well with Danny. 8．How was the problem solved? A．Danny taught John how to dive. B．Their teacher gave John a hand. C．Danny encouraged John to have a try. D．The two boys decided to stay off the board. 9．How did John feel at the end of the story? A．Disappointed. B．Happy. C．Nervous. D．Peaceful. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了John和Danny去参加夏令营，但是John不敢跳水，最后在Danny的鼓励下他成功跳水。 5．细节理解题。根据“John knew he was going to have a great summer when he and his best friend, Danny, arrived at the camp”可知他们去了夏令营。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“They changed into their swimsuits and walked down to the pool.”可知他们换上泳衣，朝游泳池走去。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据“After a while Danny said they should take turns jumping off the diving board. John looked nervously at Danny and shook his head”可知John不敢从跳板上跳下来。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据“Danny told John that it was not as scary as it looked...Danny gave him a big smile.”可知Danny给John一个微笑，鼓励他勇敢尝试。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据“Then they spent the rest of the day enjoying themselves jumping off the diving board.”可知他们度过了剩下的一天，享受着从跳板上跳下来的乐趣，所以他感到很开心。故选B。 C （2024·浙江·中考真题）Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 10．According to the new study, dog owners ________. A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food” C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves 11．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A．dogs need different kinds of food B．little living things stay in human bodies C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home 12．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers. 13．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture. 【答案】10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 【导语】本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。 10．细节理解题。根据“A new study suggests that by sharing ‘people food’, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy.”可知，根据新研究，狗主人可以给狗喂“人类食品”。故选B。 11．段落大意题。根据“The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. ... many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food.”可知，狗在主人家中找到的食物如鸡蛋、鱼、肉和蔬菜，可能比单一的狗粮更好，因为多样化的食物可以增加体内有益微生物的种类，有助于消化。由此推知本段解释了为什么狗需要吃多种类的食物。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据“A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study.”，“about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss”和“However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life.”可知，作者通过列数字，使其研究更可信。故选D。 13．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。由此推知，本文可能来自杂志的“科学”部分。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08 阅读理解特训 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练（4大考点） 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 推理判断题 考点三 词句猜测题 考点四 主旨大意题 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 考点一 细节理解题 1. 跳读查找法。 这个方法的要点在于先看题干，然后带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。 另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看，很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。 【例】The first subway line for Stockholm was opened in 1950. The Stockholm Subway is well – known for its decoration of the stations. It is called the longest art gallery in the world. Over 90 percent of its stations are decorated with paintings. 【题目】Which subway is called the longest art gallery in the world ? A. The Beijing Subway B. The Stockholm Subway C. The London Underground D. The New York City Subway. 【解析】B。看到题目，知道重点应快速搜寻the longest art gallery，并最终确定答案为B。 2. 排除法 有些题目中，正面选择比较困难，但是运用排除法，将不正确的选项先确定下来，就只剩下唯一的一个正确答案了。 Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter. 【题目】From the first paragraph we know noodles belong to a kind of ______ food. A. vegetable B. fruit C. meat D. cereal 【解析】D。这道题更像是一道常识题，面食究竟属于哪一类？A项指“蔬菜”一类，应排除；B项指“水果”一类，也不对；C项指“肉类”，也不符合；最后只能是D项了，指“谷类食品”，对应文中的第（6）条。 3. 简单计算法 数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。 Main Dishes Cheeseburger ￥5.2 Big Mac ￥10.4 Mc Chicken ￥5 (50% off until Feb 24) Fillet-o-fish ￥9.9 【题目】How much did you need to pay for one McChicken before? A. ￥5. B. ￥10. C.￥2.5. D. ￥50. 【解析】B。重点根据“McChicken：￥5 (50% off until Feb 24)”可知，在2月24号以前有50% 的优惠，即优惠后的价格是￥5，所以原价应是￥10。 注意要点 细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点： 首先，阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词first （第一），least （最不），always （总是），never（永不），all（所有），none（一个也不），any（任何） 和表示唯一性的词汇only（只有） , just（仅仅），往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。 其次，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。 最后，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。 总而言之，只要掌握了解题技巧并不断练习，就能在考试中取得好成绩。 【巩固练习】 Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he live over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose the good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said. 1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________. A．he lived a poor life in his childhood B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education C．he traveled with his students from state to state D．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period 2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports ________ as a child. A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teachers 考点二 推理判断题 1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 【例1】John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay? A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20. 【解析】这是一个数字推断题。解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 文章中有这样一些相关信息： Secret of the Dragon… Cost Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 years): half … 根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。 2. 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断。 有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章用词。 【例1】In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean? A. We should always visit Dubai. B. We should learn from foreigners. C. We must always remember our past. D. We must only think about the future. 【解析】根据题目要求，我们锁定文章最后一段的划线部分，并结合上文来推断。 Many people welcome the city’s growth. But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change. As a Dubai native says, “We must always remember where we came from. Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and there’s a lot more work to do.” 根据划线部分中的用词：must always, very, very hard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。 我们也可以从四个选项上排除个别选项。选项A、D，太过绝对，根据常识，我们可以排除这两项。那么，我们就可以从B、C两项中选。这时再读划线句子，很好排除选项B。 3. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断 有些文章具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。 【例】Which of the following is cause and effect? A. Tony got up and had a glass of water. B. We came home and found him sleeping. C. The ball was lost and a window was broken. D. Tim was late again and his teacher got angry. 【解析】我们根据常识即可知因果关系（cause and effect），故本题答案选D。为了确保答案正确，我们可再回到原文寻找依据： Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. 以上分别从三个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断，但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。因此，在阅读的过程中，需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。 【巩固练习】 Are you on social media? How old were you when you started using it? Nowadays, social media platforms (平台) have become a common part of our live. However, with the rise of social media, there has also been a growing concern about its influence on younger users. Maybe you’re not old enough to start using social media. Australia is making a new law. After it passes, people will have to be above a certain age to use social media. It is not known what the age will be, but it will most likely be between 14 and 16, said Reuters on Sept 10. The new law will start by the end of the year. “We want them to have real experiences with real people because we know that social media is causing social problems,” said Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese. He has a point. In a study on 20,000 Australian students in the 10th grade, many felt social media made them less happy. In another study, around 60 percent of parents thought social media was bad for children’s mental health, reported The Guardian. However, experts have doubts about the law. Lisa Given, a professor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, wrote in The Conversation that many European countries tried this before but failed. This is because social media is an important way for teenagers to get information. It also helps them share their thoughts. So it is not right to take this away from them. On the technical (技术的) side, the law will also be difficult to carry out, said the regulator (监管机构) for online safety in the country. For example, many apps now ask users their age. But users can simply lie and put in an earlier date. What’s more, the law may push teenagers to hide their online activities, or even use apps that are unsafe or badly managed. 1．How does the author start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By giving an example. D．By explaining the reason. 2．Which of the following can be inferred as a possible result? A．Australia’s new law will increase teenagers’ happiness. B．Australia’s new law will be followed by all European countries. C．Australia’s new law may fail due to technical difficulties in implementation. D．Australia’s new law will completely prevent teenagers from using social media. 考点三 词句猜测题 1. 根据上下文语境猜测词义 一个单词或词组的确切含义与其所处的上下文及语境联系密切，所以我们可以借助上下文语境进行合乎逻辑的推测。 【例】：What is the first thing you want to do when you see someone yawn (打哈欠)? You want to yawn, too! Yawning is contagious. 【题目】The underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 1 means ________. A. helpful to our health B. passing from one person to another C. hard to understand D. getting in one trouble after another 【解析】 B。contagious乍看起来像是一个完完全全的生词，但通过上文我们得知“别人打哈欠的时候，你的第一反应也是想打哈欠”。通过描述，我们知道打哈欠是可以传染的，所以正确答案为B。 2. 复述推测法 根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围，复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等，也常用or, similarly, that is to say, in other words等。 【例】：Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be –thousands of flaming taking off into the sky at once! 【题目】What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Frustrating. B. Surprising. C. Terrible. D. Fantastic. 【解析】 D。thousands of flaming taking off into the sky是对a spectacular sight的解释，很显然，“成千上万的发光发亮的物体飞上天空”是很壮观的、惊人的，所以正确答案是D。 3. 替代、说明、举例推测法 在阅读中，前后文中会对生词、短语和句子进行一定的解释说明，或者会用其它词汇替代或者举例进行阐述说明，可由此推断出其所指含义。 【例】：Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of all take an interest in the word. 【题目】The underlined word “well-rounded” in the passage means “________” in Chinese. A. 圆满的 B. 崭新的 C. 公平的 D. 全面的 【解析】D。well-rounded之后的句子详细给出了阐述：教育不仅教人们听说读写，还发展人们的创造性思维和其它一些能力。这些都表达了一个概念：教育培养的是全能型人才，所以选D。 4. 因果关系法 在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。根据因果关系猜测词义，从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因的信号词有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等。 【例】：Jake wasn’t impressed with what he had done. “Stopping the bus,” he said, “was easy compared to playing Grand Theft Auto III,” his favorite video game. The bus driver was taken to the police station. He was at first charged (指控) with “leaving a child alone while motor is running.” The lawyer said he hoped to upgrade the charge because of the number of children (twenty) on the bus. 【题目】What does the underlined word “upgrade” mean in the fourth paragraph? A. 改变 B. 取消 C. 加重 D. 减轻 【解析】 C。根据because后的原因——当时有二十个学生在车上而不是一个，推测结果是律师要“升级、加重”对司机的指控，所以正确答案为C。 5. 代词替代法 一般情况下，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。 【例】：Although scientists have been trying for many years to develop a new kind of car that does not need gasoline (汽油), they have been unsuccessful. 【题目】The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. cars B. scientists C. engines D. drivers 【解析】B。从上下文可以得知，科学家致力于发明一种不需要汽油的汽车，但是他们没有成功，所以这里的they指的是scientists, 故正确答案是B。 6. 根据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 有时文中会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语，来表现事物之间的差异和观点的不同。这时往往会出现转折词but, yet, however, while, in spite of, on the contrary, instead of等。 【例】：For example, we all have days like this: our dog has made a mess on the floor we just cleaned, or our friend called to tell us he or she couldn’t come at the last minute when we had cooked dinner for him or her. We may be really angry but we tried to bear things like those. 【题目】The underlined word “bear” in Paragraph 2 means ________. A. 纠正 B. 忍受 C. 铭记 D. 杜绝 【解析】B。前文中描述了两种场景：狗狗把我们刚擦干净的地板弄得一团糟，朋友在我们准备好晚饭后才告知不能来。这两件事情是足以让我们抓狂生气的事情，但文章中的but一词的出现说明后面bear的意思是和angry是相反意义的词。根据判断，我们得知对这样的事情我们可能会很生气但是也应该尽量去忍受，所以B为正确答案。 7. 根据构词法判断 英语构词可分为三类：合成、转化和派生词。 (1) 合成词即将两个、三个或多个词组合在一起形成一个具有不同含义的新词。有些合成了的新词连写；有些词合成之后，词与词之间要用连字符连接起来。如：basket + ball → basketball。 (2) 转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。如: Our classroom is clean and tidy. (adj.) They clean their room every day. (v.) (3) 派生是通过在一个词根（root）的前面加前缀（prefix）或在其后加后缀（suffix）构成一个新单词即派生词。如：visit→ visitor。 【例】：The people from 150 countries live and work in Dubai, and foreigners now outnumber Dubai natives (本地人) by eight to one. 【题目】What does the underlined word “outnumber” mean? A. To be small in size than another group. B. To be more in number than another group. C. To be bigger in area than another group. D. To be smaller in area than another group. 【解析】B。本题也可以根据构词法判断：out作为前缀加名词或形容词，有“超过”的意思。根据构词法可知outnumber指“数目上超过”，所以答案是B。 8. 根据常识及生活经验来猜测词义： 尽可能利用有关知识，如生活经验、常识、学科知识、科普知识进行必要的推理，以达到理解词义的目的。同时了解一些国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，猜测词义的能力也能得到增强。 【例】：“If I plant it on the hill,” he said to himself, “the wind might catch it and shake down the delicious fruit before it is ripe. If I plant it close to the road, passers-by will see it and take away the apples –but if I plant it too near the door of my house, my children may pick the fruit.” 【题目】The underlined word “ripe” means ________. A. 挂果 B. 成熟 C. 开花 D. 成长 【解析】 B。根据常识我们知道果树一般都是先开花后结果，故排除C选项；前文已经提到the delicious fruit了，所以A选项也不正确；D选项的范围太大，从播种发芽到开花结果的过程都可以称为成长。所以选B，果子在成熟之前被风吹落。 【巩固练习】 When looking at a pair of old chopsticks, most people would see nothing but waste. But FelixBock would see boxes, tables, shelves and so on. Felix Bock, a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Canada, found out people threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks every day in Vancouver alone. He felt the need to do something. So he started the company ChopValue in the same year. The company collected used chopsticks from restaurants, schools and shopping centers in Canada and the US and turned them into furniture and other artworks. Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people, and using his special processing machines, he has recycled 32 million pairs of chopsticks. Bock takes pride in his work. And he hopes the idea behind ChopValue will help people rethink what they see is not just waste. “I believe every small action can help,” he said. “And I am happy that my business provides a new way for people.” Hundreds of restaurants across North America pay a small sum of money to Bock for the recycling of their used chopsticks. Bock doesn’t stop there. Now he is busy taking his business to more countries and has set up factories for recycling local wood like chopsticks in 10 countries. 1．What does the underlined word “employs” mean in Chinese? A．指责 B．召集 C．奖励 D．雇用 考点四 主旨大意题 1. 段落大意类 【例1】For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380, 10 people can see; $1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world. 【题目】The last paragraph is mainly about _____. A. how much a training program for a group of doctors costs B. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their work C. who can make thousands of blind people see again D. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes 【解析】D。段落举出几个例子，说明不同的金钱额度可以为盲人做到的事情。A和C选项分别是其中某一例子，不能概括全段。B选项的意思是ORBIS需要你的帮助，借此呼吁读者，故B选项不正确。 【解题方法】提取关键词。关键词是在文章或段落中反复出现，甚至其它说明内容都为之服务的词语。段落中重复出现的词语有you, can, help (以及provide，在此表达意义相近)。找到关键词，我们就会发现，该段落的每一句话都站在读者“你”的角度，以“你能做某事来帮助盲人”为句子中心，呼吁读者做出自己的贡献。然后再综合四个选项，只有D选项包含了全部三个关键词。 2. 文章标题类 【例2】Green is an important color in nature. It is ... It is ... Sometimes, the word “green” means young, fresh and growing. For example ... In the 15th century ... A century later ... By the 18 th century ... Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb (大拇指). The expression ... A person with a green thumb ... The Green Revolution (绿色革命) is … Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling. Jealousy (嫉妒). The green eyed monster ... It is ... It … In most places in the world, a green light is a signal (信号) to move ahead. In everyday speech, a green light means approval (赞成) to continue with a project. 【题目】Which would be the best title of the passage? A. Green, the color of grass and trees B. The stories about the color “green” C. Green, a sign of approval D. Different meanings of “green” 【解析】D。这篇文章讲述了绿色的许多意义。第一段开头引出绿色的重要性，第二段到第四段分别说明绿色在不同语境不同环境的使用。A选项只说了绿色在自然界的意义；文章没有讲述绿色的故事，只提到了不同地方绿色代表的不同含义，B选项错误；C选项是最后一段的概括，以偏概全。 【解题方法】跳读。跳读方法之一：看句子主语。在第一段中有三个主语，两个主语都是代词It，很容易判断两个代词It指的是前文提到的Green，是进一步解释说明Green，属于细节内容。第三段第二句的主语The expression，用了定冠词，实际上也是指前文提到的内容。跳读方法之二：忽略举例词。第二段中for example是举例说明的标志词，也就是说，后面的内容举例，用来解释补充前面的观点。在把握主旨大意时，可以适当忽略。以此类推，我们通过跳读，分析出每个段落的主题句。例如这篇文章中，段落的主题句是首句。综合段落大意，每段讲了绿色的不同意义，从而总结出文章的最佳题目。 3. 中心思想类 【例3】… or some people, music is no fun at all. About 4% of the population is what scientists call “amusic”. People who are amusic are born without the ability to enjoy musical notes. Amusic people often cannot tell the differences between two songs. As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics ... By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify (辨别) this unusual condition. Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different for those of people who can enjoy music. The difference is complex (复杂的), and it is not connected with poor hearing ... Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors. Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断) ... That makes it easier for them to explain ... 【题目】What is the main idea of the passage? A. Amusics’ strange behaviors. B. Musical ability. C. Some people’s inability to enjoy music. D. Identification and treatment of amusic. 【解析】C。整篇文章的关键词是amusic (无法欣赏音乐的人)。文章主要介绍了amusic病症及其原因的简单探究。 【解题方法】抓住中心句。中心句是对文章内容的概括或总结，通常是段落首句或尾句。另外，首尾句通常也有承上启下的作用。所以，重视首尾句更有助于我们把握文章内容。在上面的这个例子中，每段的首句就是段落的中心句。第一段首句引出话题：amusic；第二段讲了amusic的表现；第三段讲了amusic现象背后的科学依据；第四段说明了amusic的现状。 4. 写作意图类 【例4】Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those who are interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano (火山) surfing and land diving. Volcano Surfing On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. Yasur is … Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. Volcano surfers try to … It’s fast, fun and dangerous – the perfect extreme sport (极限运动). Land Diving … A man ties tree vines (树藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head – without breaking the vine. Every spring, island natives (men only) still take part in this amazing activity. 【题目】What is the purpose of the passage? A. To tell people not to do dangerous sports. B. To explain what volcano surfing and land diving are. C. To talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land diver. D. To compare activities in Vanuatu with sports in New Zealand. 【解析】B。本篇文章介绍了南太平洋岛国瓦努阿图上的两项极限运动：火山滑板和陆地蹦极。第一段引入两项极限运动的话题；第二、三段分类介绍。 【解题方法】把握标题。有些文章有文章标题或段落标题。通过标题，我们就能了解文章或段落的主要内容或中心思想。段落标题常出现在说明文或议论文中，并且有提纲挈领的作用。这类文章通常采取总分总的形式，结构清晰。第一段通常引出话题；中间段落逐条介绍；最后有时也有总结性的段落。 小结 上面我们介绍了解答主旨大意题的几种方法：提取关键词、跳读、抓住中心句以及把握标题。在解题时，为了获取有效信息，往往需要融合多种方法进行概括、判断和归纳。例如通过跳读找出关键词或中心句，从中心句概括出全文主旨。同时，我们也可以从选项入手，运用排除法排除干扰项，比如主观臆测、过于笼统或以偏概全的选项。在遇到标题类的题目时，我们可以假设自己是作者，检验写作思路是否与原文相符。如果不符，可能就需要重新考虑答案。 【巩固练习】 When you hear the word “shapeshifting” (变身), you may think of movies, and not the climate (气候). But that’s what animals are doing to deal with climate change. A new study shows that some animals are growing larger beaks (鸟嘴), legs and ears. In this way they can lose heat more easily to cool themselves down as Earth gets warmer. “A lot of the time when we talk about climate change, we ask ‘Can humans deal with this?’ or ‘What technology can solve this?’ But we should know that animals also have to get used to these changes,” said Sara Ryding from Deakin University, Australia. If animals fail to control their body temperature, they can overheat and die. In one example, the beaks of some Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger since 1871. The study says it has something to do with rising summer temperatures over the years. Similar examples include wood mice. They have longer tails and legs and bats in warm climates have bigger wings. Although the changes are still small, Ryding said they could be much clearer as the days become hotter. “Body parts like ears are predicted to be bigger, so we might end up with a live-action Dumbo (big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding told BBC. 1．How does the writer prove his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By telling a story. B．By explaining terms. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparison. 2．What’s the best title for the text? A．Grow with the climate B．The change of animals C．Live with cold weather D．The future of the earth 一、完形填空 A few notable moments from my most recent volunteering at the Children’s Hospital never escape me. After we had 1 with the nurses, Dr. Tiny and I went to our first room, inside which were a mother and a two-year-old boy. This young boy was 2 on the bed, jumping up and down. Mom looked at us with a sense of expectation and curiosity. She was trying to calm her son, but she couldn’t. Dr. Tiny 3 his tool and waved it through the air creating bubbles (肥皂泡) in front of the child. I had a 4 with me. I started to play gentle, 5 music. As we did this, the young boy watched the bubbles with his eyes, and began to rock (摇摆) 6 gently to the music. He slowly reached out his hand to 7 the bubbles. We glanced over at the mom and noticed that she, too, had become 8 . Later, we walked into another room at the Emergency Department. The patient was a teenage boy who had met with a terrible 9 , leaving him unable to sit up. 10 , he could raise his head with 11 to see us as we entered the room. He saw our guitar. “Play me a song,” he said, “The Red Nose Reindeer.” I quickly adjusted my guitar, 12 my throat, and began to sing, “Jingle bells, Jingle bells, Jingle all the way...” The patient looked up with a look of 13 . With a smile, he said, “Play The Red Nose Reindeer, please!” Dr. Tiny looked at me and said, “You are starting to embarrass us.” I glanced at Dr. Tiny and the patient, 14 for getting it wrong. I began to sing again. As Dr. Tiny and I sang the song, the patient sang along and laughed. “That was a good one!” he shouted 15 . 1．A．registered B．exchanged C．applied D．requested 2．A．sleeping B．standing C．lying D．sitting 3．A．pulled out B．put down C．made up D．packed up 4．A．suitcase B．piano C．guitar D．backpack 5．A．lively B．sorrowful C．peaceful D．powerful 6．A．up and down B．back and forth C．far and near D．here and there 7．A．move B．raise C．place D．touch 8．A．angrier B．quieter C．happier D．calmer 9．A．adventure B．accident C．event D．occasion 10．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．However D．Though 11．A．pain B．confidence C．determination D．effort 12．A．lowered B．changed C．used D．cleared 13．A．confusion B．horror C．gratitude D．regret 14．A．announcing B．appreciating C．apologizing D．considering 15．A．crazily B．excitedly C．impatiently D．hopefully 二、阅读理解 Tim was known for his special talent in painting, but he was also known for his lack of confidence. He often hid his paintings, fearing they would not be good enough for others to see. One day, an art competition was announced (宣布) in the village. Tim’s friends and family encouraged him to join in, but he was unsure, doubting his abilities. His grandfather, a wise old man, noticed Tim’s hesitation and took him to the village stream. “Look at the stream, Tim,” said his grandfather. “Do you see how the water flows smoothly, even when it meets rocks? It never gives up. It finds a way around or over them.” Tim watched the water, understanding the lesson. His grandfather continued, “Your talent is like the water. It’s powerful and beautiful. Don’t let fear block your path. Flow like the water, and let your talent shine.” Inspired (受启发) by his grandfather’s words, Tim decided to enter the competition. He painted with all his heart, pouring his emotions into the painting. When the day of the competition came, he handed in his painting, still nervous but determined (坚定的). The results were announced, and to everyone’s surprise, Tim won the first prize. His painting was admired for its depth and emotion. Tim learned a valuable lesson that day: confidence comes from within, and it’s important to believe in oneself. From then on, Tim never hid his paintings again. He became a well-known artist, always remembering the day his grandfather taught him to flow like water, overcoming every difficulty with determination. 16．Why did Tim hide his paintings? A．He lacked confidence. B．He didn’t want to show off. C．He wanted to improve his paintings. D．He thought his paintings were too well-known. 17．Which of the following can best describe Tim’s grandfather? A．Smart and outgoing. B．Wise and encouraging. C．Talented and confident. D．Hard-working and smart. 18．What is the main idea of the story? A．The importance of participating in art competitions. B．The journey of an artist from self-doubt to confidence. C．The role of a wise grandfather in a young artist’s life. D．The influence of winning a competition on an artist’s life. 19．What can we learn from Tim’s story? A．Many hands make light work. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．Confidence is a gift that others give us. D．Success comes only through natural talent. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于三个单词）。 Angela was born in Portland, Oregon. She 20 (grow) up in a family of artists. Angela’s development 21 an artist changed when she noticed a large amount of plastic pollution on southern Oregon beaches. After she learned more about ocean pollution, she decided to do something for 22 . Then, the Washed Ashore Project was born. 23 (clear) up the rubbish in the ocean as quickly as possible, Angela looked for some local volunteers. Under 24 leadership of Angela, they used rubbish to build huge sculptures (雕塑) of the sea animals that are most affected (影响) by the pollution. Through these sculptures, they hope to get people’s attention on ocean pollution. Angela is 25 (interest) in shapes and colors in the world around her. She turned the rubbish collected from the ocean into pieces of art with her own ideas. Her childhood of walking around the Pacific Ocean and 26 (dig) in the mud (淤泥) of Puget Sound has 27 (great) influenced her work. Besides, influenced by her artist parents, she has a good eye for things. These sculptures 28 (see) as part of an exhibition (展览) called “Washed Ashore Project”. Its purpose is to educate and encourage people to take action to prevent ocean pollution. Nowadays, Angela keeps on fighting for the protection of the ocean. She always tells the workers and volunteers in Washed Ashore Project: We will continue our work 29 we run out of plastic on the beach. A （2024·山东聊城·中考真题）On April 18 each year, people all over the world celebrate the International Day for Monuments and Sites (国际古迹遗址日). In China, young people are realizing the importance of their history and culture. Many are doing their best to protect Chinese cultural sites and try to promote (推广) them. Finding new artifacts (文物) Xu Danyang, a 29-year-old archaeologist (考古学家), found an amazing bronze statue (青铜像) at the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan. In 2021, he dug out this statue. In the beginning, his team thought it was a bird. But as they continued the digging, they had a surprise. It turned out (结果是) to be a statue of a man, about 16cm high. It shows a man kneeling with his head turned, and it surprises everyone who sees it. Making maps for protection Wu Yunjie who was born in the 1990s found a new way—by making a special map to show the best cultural sites in China. Wu is now famous on the Internet. He marked almost 10,000 places like old temples, towers, bridges and houses. Each site with colorful marks showed how special and important they are. As a kid, Wu loved going to a temple in his hometown in Ezhou, Hubei. However, it was pulled down years ago. He was sad and decided to record all the cultural sites in China. He started to travel across the country. He visits places in person and adds them to his map, making sure we all remember them. Now, Wu asks for help from people online to make his map better and better. And he hopes to share this amazing map with everyone who respects (尊重) history and culture soon. Making explanations (解释) fun Zhang Bin is a 31-year-old tour guide at Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum in Xi’an, Shaanxi. He works to answer visitors’ questions about the famous Terracotta Warriors and shares all of his knowledge about them. Zhang often uses the traditional Chinese performance art of xiangsheng to explain them. He is doing something meaningful for the site. 1．How many ways are mentioned to protect and promote Chinese cultural sites in this passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 2．Why were Xu Danyang and his team surprised at the bronze statue? A．Because the statue was very big and scary with his head turned. B．Because the statue changed from a bird into a kneeling child. C．Because the statue which they thought was a bird turned out to be a man. 3．What does Wu Yunjie do to make his map of Chinese cultural sites? ① He marks sites on his map.            ②He visits places in person. ③He asks for help online.                ④ He answers visitors’ questions. A．①②④ B．①②③ C．②③④ 4．What’s the best title (标题) for the passage? A．Spreading Traditional Chinese Art B．Introducing Chinese Cultural Sites C．Respecting History with Action B （2024·山东济南·中考真题）John knew he was going to have a great summer when he and his best friend, Danny, arrived at the camp. Everywhere he looked, there were tons of boys of his age, laughing together, playing tennis, or swimming in the pool. John and Danny quickly found their camping tent and met their teacher. After they unpacked their travelling bags, the boys decided to go for a swim. They changed into their swimsuits and walked down to the pool. At first, John and Danny stayed in the shallow end (浅水区). They played games in the water with a few other boys. Every now and then, John watched other boys jump, dive (跳水), and even do challenging actions off the diving board, like flipping in the air, but he did not feel brave enough to try it himself. After a while Danny said they should take turns jumping off the diving board. John looked nervously at Danny and shook his head. Danny told John that it was not as scary as it looked. John finally agreed to give it a try. Slowly, he climbed to the top of the diving board. He took a few steps to the end of the board and looked over at Danny. Danny gave him a big smile. John took a deep breath, closed his eyes, and jumped. He hit the water with a splash and moved quickly up to the surface. Danny ran to John to give him a high-five. Then they spent the rest of the day enjoying themselves jumping off the diving board. 5．Where did John and Danny go? A．To a summer camp. B．To a sports center. C．To an amusement park. D．To a beach party. 6．What did John and Danny do just before they walked to the pool? A．They put up their camping tent. B．They put all their things in order. C．They played games with some boys. D．They changed into their swimsuits. 7．What problem did John face in the story? A．He was not interested in swimming. B．He was too nervous to swim in public. C．He was afraid to jump off the diving board. D．He was not able to get on well with Danny. 8．How was the problem solved? A．Danny taught John how to dive. B．Their teacher gave John a hand. C．Danny encouraged John to have a try. D．The two boys decided to stay off the board. 9．How did John feel at the end of the story? A．Disappointed. B．Happy. C．Nervous. D．Peaceful. C （2024·浙江·中考真题）Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 10．According to the new study, dog owners ________. A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food” C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves 11．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A．dogs need different kinds of food B．little living things stay in human bodies C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home 12．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers. 13．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$