精品解析：上海市金山中学2024-2025学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题

2024学年第一学期高一英语阶段练习二 (练习时间：120分钟 满分：150分) Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Monday. B．Friday. C．Tuesday. D．Sunday. 2．A．In a bank. B．At a library. C．At a car dealership. D．In an insurance company. 3．A．Job details. B．A phone call. C．Career development. D．Student inquires. 4．A．He comes to class despite the illness. B．He is not the man the woman is thinking of. C．He is feeling much better now. D．He is surprised that the woman is sick. 5．A．He doesn’t want to watch the film. B．He doesn’t know the way to the cinema. C．He wants to avoid the traffic jam. D．He leaves the cinema during rush hours. 6．A．To make full use of the oil. B．To replace oil with electricity. C．To find other forms of energy. D．To completely rely on clean energy. 7．A．He is physically unhealthy. B．He doesn’t like places with loud sound. C．He is unable to fall asleep D．He has some psychological problems. 8．A．The man can phone the kitchen at midnight. B．1 a. m. is outside the working hours of kitchen staff. C．Milk and pizza are not available at midnight. D．The kitchen staff are too tired to make dinner. 9．A．To get the lecture schedule for the woman. B．To find out where the lecture is to be held. C．To copy a new schedule for the woman. D．To pick up the woman from the library. 10．A．Betty was going to have a baby. B．Janice was very rude to a friend. C．Betty was impolite towards a customer. D．Janice had a fight with one customer. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．A photographer. B．A college student. C．A college teacher. D．A senior student. 12．A．It’s fun, but it takes very much work. B．It’s interesting, and it doesn’t take any work. C．It’s boring, and it needs a lot of work. D．It’s difficult and it needs a lot of work. 13．A．After he uses the new camera. B．After he uses the old camera. C．After he takes his teacher’s advice. D．After his teacher uses the new camera. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Next Tuesday. B．Next Wednesday. C．Next Thursday. D．Next Friday. 15．A．Mid-term exam paper. B．Textbooks. C．Class notes. D．All the above. 16．A．It contains multiple choices and an article. B．It is very important for the students’ grade in the course. C．It’s not very difficult as long as you have attended all the lessons. D．Students have to answer five questions to write the articles in the exam. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation 17．A．-5 to -10℃. B．5 to 10℃. C．15 to 20℃. D．10 to 20℃. 18．A．The woman doesn’t like the long, cold winter here. B．The man enjoys the winter here. C．The man doesn’t like the winter in Florida. D．The woman enjoys the summer here. 19．A．Spring. B．Fall. C．Winter. D．Summer. 20．A．Swimming. B．Running. C．Skiing. D．Ice-skating. Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Wearing high heels can improve women’s balance. B．Wearing high heels exposes women to strains. C．Wearing high heels can result in back pain. D．Wearing high heels can lead to unhealthy walking patterns. 15．A．They should choose proper heels. B．They should exercise their ankle muscles properly. C．They should measure the strength of their ankles frequently. D．They should give up the habit of wearing high heels. 16．A．Because they thought it was fashionable. B．Because it was a symbol of status. C．Because it could help them to shoot their bow and arrow more effectively. D．Because it was required by European emperors. Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．Believing in themselves. B．Writing a book. C．Challenging their life. D．Asking for help. 18．A．She makes children’s programs. B．She gets involved in legal decisions. C．She simplifies a judge’s job. D．She explains the function of the law in simple words. 19．A．Sharing things with others. B．Solving problems. C．Talking with others. D．Having her opinions heard. 20．A．A judge’s reflection on her job and life. B．The success of a children’s program. C．The importance of law in daily life. D．The problems people meet in court. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (40%) Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Science can’t explain the power of pets, but many studies ____1____ (show) that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tell you ____2____a comfortable life they live with a pet. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband / wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York ____3____ (measure) stress levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners — while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (心算) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/ wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets ____4____ (do) it best. Those tested with their animal friends had the smallest change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer maths mistakes than ____5____ doing in front of other companions It seems that people feel more relaxed around pets, says Allen, ___6___ thinks it may be because pets don’t judge. A study reported last fall suggests that ____7____ (have) a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year ____8____ (study) 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programmes; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet programme. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, ____9____ (lose) an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Researchers say dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs, ____10____ they got more exercise overall — mostly with their dogs — and found it worth doing. 【答案】1. have shown 2. what 3. measured 4. did 5. when 6. who 7. having 8. studying 9. losing 10. but 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述的是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能解释宠物的力量，但很多研究都表明有了宠物的陪伴，可以帮我们降低血压和恢复心脏功能并且减少我们的孤独感。宠物不仅能调节人的精神而且还能改善人的饮食习惯。 【1题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：科学无法解释宠物的力量，但许多研究表明，宠物的陪伴可以帮助降低血压，增加从心脏病发作中恢复的机会，减少孤独感，并传播全方位的快乐。设空处为句子的谓语，表示过去所做的事对现在的影响时态为现在完成时，主语为many studies，结合主谓一致，故填have shown。 【2题详解】 考查感叹句。句意：任何一个主人都会告诉你他们和宠物一起过着多么舒适的生活。分析句子的结构可知，设空处引导感叹句，结构为：what+(a/an)+adj.+n！故填what。 【3题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：纽约州立大学的卡伦·艾伦在2002年的一项研究中测量了人们的压力水平和血压，其中一半是宠物主人，他们在进行五分钟的心算或将一只手放在冰水中。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语2002，可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，设空处为动词的过去式。故填measured。 【4题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：有宠物的人做得最好。设空处为句子的谓语，叙述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时，设空处为动词的过去式的形式。故填did。 【5题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：有宠物在的房间里，人们犯的数学错误也比有其他同伴在的时候少。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为时间状语从句的省略，原句为：when they are doing in front of other companions，此处省略they are，故填when。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：艾伦说，人们在宠物身边似乎感觉更放松，她认为这可能是因为宠物不会评判别人。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为Allen，故填who。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年秋天一项研究表明，养一只宠物狗不仅能提高你的情绪，还可能对你的饮食习惯产生影响。设空处为that引导的宾语从句的主语，表示一般性的概念为动名词的形式作主语，故填having。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：西北纪念医院研究人员花了一年的时间，对36名体型胖的人和他们同样胖的狗进行了节食和锻炼计划。设空处为句子的非谓语，固定结构：sb spend time doing sth某人花费时间做某事，故填studying。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的狗做得更好，平均减掉了12磅，超过体重的15%。设空处为非谓语的形式作状语，与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式，故填losing。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：研究人员表示，养狗的人并没有比不养狗的人减掉更多的体重，但总的来说，他们得到了更多的锻炼——主要是和他们的狗在一起——并且觉得这是值得的。设空处为连词，且前后为转折关系，应用but。故填but。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complicated B. suitable C. understand D. regularly E. instant F. access G. divide H. normally I. obtain J. symbols K. refer Among the note-taking forms in today’s U. S. schools, the Cornell method is widely recommended. Providing a form for concentrating and organising notes, the Cornell method sets up a system to direct students to ____11____ the paper into two columns. The note-taking column, which is usually on the right, is twice the size of the key word column on the left. The student should leave five to seven lines blank, at the bottom of the page. Notes from a lecture or teaching occupy the note-taking column which ____12____ contain the main ideas of the textbook or lecture. Most ____13____ ideas and long sentences are avoided while ____14____ or abbreviations (缩写) are preferred instead. To assist with future reviews,____15____ thoughts or questions should be noted down as soon as possible so that the students may ____16____ to these points for reflection or further research. The key-word column is a(n) ____17____place to note down these ideas. These ideas may later turn into potential research results as students are always encouraged to reflect on the notes ____18____ or to go deep into the questions further. Within 24 hours after the note-taking, the students must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space. Such move helps him to ____19____ the topic better. When preparing for a test, the student has ____20____ to a brief but detailed record of the previous classes. 【答案】11. G 12. H 13. A 14. J 15. E 16. K 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了康奈尔笔记法。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：康奈尔笔记法提供了一种集中和组织笔记的形式，建立了一个系统，指导学生将纸分成两栏。根据“the paper into two columns”可知，此处指“将纸分为两栏”，divide“分成，分割”，动词，符合题意，使用动词原形和空前的to构成动词不定式，故选G。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：讲座或教学笔记占据笔记栏，通常包含教科书或讲座的主要思想。结合句意可知，此处使用副词normally“通常”符合题意，故选H。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大多数复杂的思想和长句子都要避免，而符号或缩写则是首选。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词ideas，根据“long sentences”可知，complicated“复杂的”，形容词，符合题意，故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。空处应填名词作主语，结合“abbreviations (缩写)”可知，symbols“符号”，名词，符合题意，故选J。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了帮助将来的复习，应该尽快记下即时的想法或问题，以便学生可以参考这些点进行反思或进一步研究。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词短语thoughts or questions，结合“should be noted down as soon as possible”可知，instant“立即的，即刻的”，形容词，符合题意，故选E。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：同上。结合“for reflection or further research”可知，此处指“参考”，refer to“参考”，符合题意，情态动词may后接动词原形，故选K。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：关键字栏是记录这些想法的合适地方。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词place，结合句意可知，suitable“适合的”，形容词，符合题意，故选B。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些想法后来可能会转化为潜在的研究成果，因为学生总是被鼓励定期反思笔记或进一步深入研究问题。结合句意及“reflect on the notes”可知，此处指“定期反思笔记”，regularly“定期地，经常”，副词，符合题意，修饰动词reflect，故选D。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：这样的举动有助于他更好地理解这个话题。根据上文“the students must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space(学生必须修改，然后在底部空白处写一篇简短的总结)”可知，这样的行为应是有助于更好地理解主题，understand“理解”，动词，符合题意，使用动词原形，和空前的to构成动词不定式，故选C。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：在准备考试时，学生可以看到之前课程的简短而详细的记录。空处应填名词作宾语，根据上文“the students must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space(学生必须修改，然后在底部空白处写一篇简短的总结)”可知，学生作总结，在准备考试时可以看到这些记录，access“机会，权利”，名词，符合题意，have access to“使用，接近”，故选F。 Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Homework is work, not play. In contrast to what some might hope, students ___21___ finish their homework exclaiming that they had great fun, nor is homework an activity that students choose to ___22___. It is ___23___ by a teacher for students to complete on the teacher’s schedule, with the teacher’s ___24___ in mind. Homework means business and the student should expect to work on it ___25___. As in the work place, careless efforts and lack of self-discipline are likely to make the ___26___ impression. Teachers assign homework for various ___27___. In some cases, teachers seek to review and solidify material ___28___ in class; homework is also designed to extend students’ learning ___29___ class lessons. As students mature, teachers often assign homework nightly in several ___30___. Homework is also used to prepare students to handle new work ___31___ in the case of summer reading. Increasingly, school reforms call for homework to take the form of course projects, thus increasing its ___32___ to “real-life” job-related activity. Like jobs homework can be appealing when its resources are well managed. Resources ___33___ sources of information — textbooks, of course, and increasingly, the Internet, but they also include a quiet space to work, materials and equipment such as calculators, paper or a computer, and others who cohabit in the homework ___34___. The external resources needed for homework can be viewed as a kind of ___35___ for the child with features like those needed in the workplace. Therefore, the children who can manage their homework well are generally believed to perform well in their future career. 21. A. rarely B. actually C. literally D. definitely 22. A. exhibit B. undertake C. essay D. overcome 23. A. discovered B. forced C. assigned D. taught 24. A. documents B. attitudes C. manners D. requirements 25. A. obviously B. seriously C. shortly D. immediately 26. A. general B. genuine C. wrong D. illegal 27. A. projects B. purposes C. contexts D. effects 28. A. ignored B. commented C. faded D. covered 29. A. beyond B. through C. over D. above 30. A. languages B. styles C. subjects D. qualities 31. A. as B. when C. even if D. now that 32. A. limitation B. solution C. determination D. connection 33. A. analyse B. include C. exchange D. create 34. A. environment B. reflection C. essay D. delivery 35. A. attitude B. region C. office D. finance 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是作业的本质、目的以及管理作业资源的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：与一些人可能希望的相反，学生很少在完成作业时大喊大叫说他们玩得很开心，作业也不是学生自愿选择进行的活动。A. rarely很少；B. actually事实上；C. literally按照字面意义地；D. definitely肯定地。根据上文“Homework is work, not play”和下文“finish their homework exclaiming that they had great fun”可知，学生很少在完成作业时大喊大叫说他们玩得很开心。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与一些人可能希望的相反，学生很少在完成作业时大喊大叫说他们玩得很开心，作业也不是学生自愿选择进行的活动。A. exhibit展览；B. undertake承担，从事；C. essay试图；D. overcome克服。根据上文“Homework is work, not play”可知，家庭作业是工作，不是游戏，所以学生不会选择进行这个活动，空格处用“从事”。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由老师布置的，让学生按照老师的时间表完成，并牢记老师的要求。A. discovered发现；B. forced强迫；C. assigned布置；D. taught教。根据下文“by a teacher”可知，作业是老师布置的。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是由老师布置的，让学生按照老师的时间表完成，并牢记老师的要求。A. documents文件；B. attitudes态度；C. manners礼仪；D. requirements要求。根据上文“by a teacher for students to complete on the teacher’s schedule, with the teacher’s”可知，学生写作业时要记住老师的要求。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作业是严肃认真的，学生应该认真对待它。A. obviously显然；B. seriously认真地；C. shortly不久，很快；D. immediately立刻。根据上文“Homework means business and the student should expect to work on it”可知，学生应该认真对待家庭作业。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像在工作场所一样，粗心大意和缺乏自律可能会给人留下错误的印象。A. general一般的；B. genuine真正的；C. wrong错误的；D. illegal非法的。根据上文“careless efforts and lack of self-discipline”可知，粗心大意和缺乏自律可能会给人留下错误的印象。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师布置家庭作业的目的各不相同。A. projects项目；B. purposes目的；C. contexts上下文；D. effects影响。根据下文“teachers seek to review and solidify material”可知，老师布置作业的目的是不同的。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，教师寻求复习和巩固课堂上讲授的材料。A. ignored忽视；B. commented评论；C. faded逐渐消失；D. covered包括，涉及。根据上文“solidify material”和下文“in class”可知，老师想通过家庭作业来巩固课堂上所讲到过的材料，也就是课堂上涉及到的材料。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：家庭作业的设计也使学生的学习延伸到课堂之外。A. beyond超出；B. through通过；C. over在……的上方；D. above在（或向）……上面。根据上文“extend students’ learning”和下文“class lessons”可知，作业的设计使学生把学习延伸到课堂之外，也就是超出课堂。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着学生的成熟，老师经常在晚上布置几个科目的家庭作业。A. languages语言；B. styles风格；C. subjects科目；D. qualities质量。根据上文“As students mature, teachers often assign homework nightly in several”可知，随着学生的年龄增长，老师晚上会布置好几个科目的作业。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：家庭作业也被用来为学生处理新作业做准备，就像夏季阅读一样。A. as像，如同；B. when当……的时候；C. even if即使；D. now that既然。根据上文“prepare students to handle new work”和下文“in the case of summer reading”可知，家庭作业像夏季阅读一样，为学生处理新作业做准备，空格处意为“像，如同”。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的学校改革要求家庭作业采取课程项目的形式，从而增加其与“现实生活”中与工作相关的活动的联系。A. limitation限制；B. solution解决办法；C. determination决心；D. connection联系。根据上文“the form of course projects”和下文“to “real-life” job-related activity”可知，作业被要求采取课程项目的形式是为了增加其与“现实生活”中与工作相关的活动的联系。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：资源包括信息来源——教科书，当然，越来越多的是互联网，但它们也包括一个安静的工作空间，材料和设备，如计算器，纸或电脑，以及其他在家庭作业环境中共存的人。A. analyse分析；B. include包括；C. exchange交换；D. create创造。根据上文“Resources”和下文“sources of information — textbooks, of course, and increasingly, the Internet, but they also include a quiet space to work, materials and equipment such as calculators, paper or a computer”可知，资源包括信息来源——教科书。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：资源包括信息来源——教科书，当然，越来越多的是互联网，但它们也包括一个安静的工作空间，材料和设备，如计算器，纸或电脑，以及其他在家庭作业环境中共存的人。A. environment环境；B. reflection反思；C. essay文章；D. delivery递送。根据上文“a quiet space to work, materials and equipment such as calculators, paper or a computer, and others who cohabit in the homework”可知，此处是指其他在家庭作业环境中共存的人。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭作业所需的外部资源可以被视为孩子的一种办公室，具有工作场所所需的功能。A. attitude态度；B. region地区；C. office办公室；D. finance金融。根据下文“for the child with features like those needed in the workplace”可知，家庭作业所需的外部资源就像是孩子的一种办公室。故选C。 Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 36. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. C. Opinions about competition are different among people. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 37. Why do some people favour competition according to the passage? A. Because it builds up a sense of duty. B. Because it pushes society forward. C. Because it improves personal abilities. D. Because it encourages individual efforts. 38. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail? A. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. B. One’s success in competition needs great efforts. C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. 39. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Fear of failure should be removed in competition. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Every effort should be paid back. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对于竞争的不同看法，有人认为竞争重要，推动社会进步，有人则认为竞争不好，会导致人与人之间的关系不友好;同时，作者还探讨了孩子们对于竞争的不同态度及其背后的心理。 【36题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.(在现代社会，关于竞争有很多争论。有些人高度重视竞争，认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的原因；另一些人则说竞争不好，它会让一个人与另一个人对立，它会导致人与人之间的关系不友好)”可知，文章主要讲的是人们对于竞争的不同看法。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(有些人高度重视竞争，认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的原因)”可知，有些人赞成竞争是因为它推动了社会的进步和繁荣。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.(显然，这种信念与试图证明自己的真正竞争对手的信念相同。两者都是基于一种错误的信念，即一个人的自尊取决于他人在与他人比较中的表现)”可知，真正的竞争者和那些渴望失败的人的相似信念是一个人的价值在于他与他人相比的表现。故选D项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.(只有当这种基本且经常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消散时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义)”可知，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧，才能发现竞争的新意义。由此推知，作者可能同意的观点是“竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧”。故选A项。 (B) Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all three with the Global Development Association (GDA). Whatever stage of life you’ re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in poor and remote communities. We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programs. We have such roles as project managers and communication officers. Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers. Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, but you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends. This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programs: Country Schedule 4-week programs 7-week programs Algeria 5 Jul.—I Aug. 20 Jun.—7 Aug. Egypt 24 Jul.—20 Aug. 19 Jun.—6 Aug. Kenya 20 Jul.—16 Aug. 18 Jun.—5 Aug. South Africa 2 Aug.—29 Aug. 15 Jun.—2 Aug. GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners in places where our help is most needed. All of our projects are aimed at promoting the development of poor and remote communities. There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to these communities. Find out more about joining a GDA programme: Website:www.glodeve.org Email:humanresources@glodeve.org 40. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers? A. To seek local partners. B. To take in young volunteers. C. To carry out programs. D. To promote cultural awareness. 41. The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to ______ . A. explore new cultures B. help communities in need C. protect the environment D. receive corporate benefits 42. Where can you probably find this passage? A. On the website of American culture. B. In the social work section of a newspaper. C. On the leaflet of a travel agency. D. On the report of an international meeting. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是招募一些志愿者管理者的广告，并阐述了志愿者管理者的主要职责。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers. (根据你选择的角色，你可以帮助增加一个社区获得安全饮用水的机会，或者帮助保护有价值的当地文化。你也可以设计一个冒险挑战来训练年轻的志愿者)”可知，志愿者经理的主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Whatever stage of life you’ re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in poor and remote communities. (无论你处于人生的哪个阶段，无论你去哪里，无论你在GDA做什么项目，你都会为贫穷和偏远的社区带来积极的变化)”和表格下面一段中的“All of our projects are aimed at promoting the development- of poor and remote communities. (我们所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展)”可知，GDA项目的共同目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programs. We have such roles as project managers and communication officers. (我们与所有年龄和背景的志愿者一起工作。我们的志愿者大多年龄在17-24岁之间。现在我们需要25-75岁的志愿者经理。它们对于安全有效地运行我们的程序非常重要。我们有项目经理和沟通官员这样的角色)”可知，本文是招募一些志愿者管理者的广告，因此可能在报纸的社会工作版上能发现这篇文章，故选B。 (C) Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low carbon economy, a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday. “China doesn’t lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy”, said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. “While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation,” Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China’s Industrialisation forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009. He said industrialised nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions. For China, the most urgent task is how to realise new type of industrialisation and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialised. Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life-cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling. Tobias Becker, head of ABB’s process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions. LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a product’s environmental impact throughout its life-cycle instead of on its initial investment. Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said, “The colour of future industrialisation is green.” The Germany company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros ($ 8.8 billion) for intelligent power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years. Siemens has set a 20 per cent market share target for the global smart grid business. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialised computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid. 43. The underlined word “lag” in Paragraph2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. attack B. be superior to C. fall behind D. fear 44. What can we infer from the last paragraph of this passage? A. Siemens’ plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future. B. Siemens received orders worth 6 billion Euros recently. C. Siemens will earn $8.8 billion from intelligent power networks. D. Siemens has occupied 20% market share for the global smart grid business. 45. What is NOT mentioned about Smart Grid in the passage? A. Energy saving. B. Small in size. C. Security. D. Low cost. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. Developed and Developing Nations can Learn from Each Other. B. Two Biggest Markets for Smart Grid. C Intelligent Power Networks. D. Low Carbon Economy - a Shared Goal. 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 作者通过这篇文章主要向我们讲述了目前工业化导致的气候问题严重，急需寻求发展成熟的低碳环保型经济方式，中国和许多海外国家对此都采取了许多方式，中国政府官员表示，发展中国家和发达国家就寻求低碳经济发展上可以互相借鉴，这是我们共同的目标． 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段引文“While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation (虽然我们可以向发达国家学习很多方面，但他们也应该向我们学习一些东西，比如节约用水)”可知，周认为在这一方面我们国家也有值得发达国家学习一些东西。由此可知，他认为我们并没有比发达国家表现的差。据此推测，在第二段中他会表达在节能方面中国并不落后于发达国家。所以lag意思是“落后于”，和fall behind同义，故选C项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialised computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid. (智能电网利用数字技术、先进的传感器、专门的计算机将电力从供应商输送给消费者，从而节省能源、降低成本并提高可靠性。美国和中国被认为是智能电网的两个最大市场。)”可知，智能电网的发展前景还是很好的，由此推测，Siemens的计划是有可能实现的。B.C.D.项的内容都是和倒数第二段有关，与最后一段无关，且内容不符文章内容。故选A项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialised computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. (智能电网利用数字技术、先进的传感器、专门的计算机将电力从供应商输送给消费者，从而节省能源、降低成本并提高可靠性。)”可知，文章没有提及智能电网的大小和规模。故选B项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low carbon economy, a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday. (一位中国政府官员昨日在上海表示，发达国家和发展中国家可以在寻求低碳经济的过程中相互学习。)”并通读全文，文章主要介绍了各个国家对于低碳经济的举措，发展中国家和发达国家就寻求低碳经济发展上可以互相借鉴，这是他们共同的目标。故选D项。 Section C (8%) Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentences to fill in the blanks and complete the passage. There are two extra sentences you do not need. Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. ____47____ Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust . Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. ____48____ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. Learn to really trust yourself. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. ____49____ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated. You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. ____50____ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A. Remember that you can expect the best in return. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. 【答案】47. B 48. E 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一旦失去了信任，应该如何再次建立信任。 【47题详解】 由上文“Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从过去的经验中习得的行为。)”可知，本句解释了信任的定义。B项“信任就是对某人有信心。”继续解释什么是信任，与上文衔接紧密。故选B项。 【48题详解】 由上文“Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人了。)”可知，本句指出有时人们不信任别人了，E项“他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。”承接上文，进一步说明其原因，符合语境。故选E项。 【49题详解】 下文“If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.(如果你被背叛了，你就是周围环境的受害者。但作为受害者和生活在“受害者心态”之间是有区别的)”可知，受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的。所以此段主要在说不要认为自己是受害者，C项“不要把自己当成受害者。”符合语境。故选C项。 【50题详解】 上文“Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.(与其从绝望的角度看待现状，不如看看你仍然拥有的一切，对生命中所有美好的事物心存感激。)”说明我们要心存感激，根据下文“Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.(相反，这是一个健康的方式来度过这段经历，给积极的成长和宽恕留下空间。)”可知，相反，要把这种积极的态度当成一种健康的生活方式。D项“看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你忽略了发生的事情。”既承接上文并与后一句为转折关系。符合语境。故选D项。 Ⅳ．Grammar and vocabulary 51. The finals I had been looking forward to ________ (cancel) due to the pandemic. What a pity! (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were cancelled##were canceled 【解析】 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我一直期待的决赛因为疫情取消了。太遗憾了！“I had been looking forward to”是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句，空格处是谓语，结合句意以及定语从句的谓语动词had been looking forward to可知，此处描述过去的事情，且cancel与主语the finals之间为被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The finals是复数。故填were cancelled/were canceled。 52. It was three months ________ I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】before 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：过了三个月我才毕业。分析句子可知，这里考查it was + 一段时间 + before... 其意思是 “过了多长时间才……”，是一个常用句式。故填before。 53. It is three months ________ I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】since 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：我毕业已经三个月了。设空处后为一般过去时，句子的结构为：It is+一段时间 +since+过去的时间，表示“自从……已经……时间了”。故填since。 54. A story goes ________ he rushed out of the room without saying a word. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：据说，他一句话也没说就冲出了房间。引导同位语从句，对前面的名词story进行补充说明，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应用that引导，且that不能省略。故填that。 55. ________ (scold) by the teacher, the boy did not dare to go to school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having been scolded 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被老师骂了一顿后，这个男孩不敢去上学。句子已有谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the boy和scold为逻辑动宾关系，且scold发生在主句谓语动词之前，需用现在分词的完成被动式，句首字母需大写。故填Having been scolded。 56. He was busy with his work, so he couldn’t help ________ (tidy) the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to tidy 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他忙于工作，所以没能帮忙整理房间。由“He was busy with his work”可知，句子表示“他忙于工作，所以没能帮忙整理房间”，couldn’t help to do是固定短语，意为“不能帮忙做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to tidy。故填to tidy。 57. Doctors usually suggest ________ (drink) little wine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】drinking 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生通常建议少喝酒。suggest doing sth.是固定用法，表示“建议做某事”。故填drinking。 58. We are invited to a party ________ (hold) in our club next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be held 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举行的晚会。句中谓语是are invited，空格处用非谓语动词，party和hold之间是逻辑动宾关系，由next Friday可知，晚会是将来被举办，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be held作后置定语修饰party。故填to be held。 59. Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不活跃或是日常饮食含脂肪量高的孩子体重增长的很快。分析句子结构，who are not active和 _______ diet is high in fat是由or连接的两个并列的定语从句，先行词是Children，关系词在后一个定语从句中作定语，修饰名词“diet”，用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 60. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ________ comes into sight is so new to me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的十年间我们的城市发生了巨大改变，一切出现在眼前的事物对我来说都是新的。空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，关系代词作从句主语，用that。故填that。 选词填空 A. previously B. domestic C. capability D. labelled E. independent F. impressive G. specialized H. scheduled I. original J. physically K. regularly 61. Psychologists in Britain have said that the last full week of January is the most depressing time of a year, and ________ next Monday as “Blue Monday”. 62. He said this work of art was dedicated to the upcoming Summer Youth Games ________ for August 16-28, in the city of Nanjing. 63. At no time should we depend on imitating other products, and instead we should innovate on our own and produce ________ things. 64. Being ________ active can improve your brain health, help manage weight, reduce the risk of disease, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve your ability to do everyday activities. 65. In 2003, Yahoo! Search became its own web crawler-based search engine which combined the capabilities of all the search engines they had ________ acquired. 66. People all over the world have used storytelling to obtain knowledge and make children’s foreign language learning meaningful and ________. 67. Peter is now much more ________ of his parents financially. 68. Given his ________ of dealing with tough tasks and tricky problems, he was appointed chairman of the committee. 69. Women are still the main victims of ________ violence. 70. In 1988, a U. S. official said that a German student, who had been able to carry out his break-ins without leaving home, had been ________ reading their top secret papers. 【答案】61. D 62. H 63. I 64. J 65. A 66. F 67. E 68. C 69. B 70. K 【解析】 【61题详解】 考查动词。句意：英国心理学家称，1月的最后一个完整周是一年中最令人沮丧的时间，并将下周一称为“蓝色星期一”。空处应用动词，与“have said”并列作谓语；选项D. labelled为动词，动词短语label as表示“把……称作”，符合句子和句意。故选D。 【62题详解】 考查动词。句意：他说，这件艺术品是献给即将于8月16日至28日在南京举行的夏季青年运动会的。空处可用非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰“Summer Youth Games”；选项H. scheduled为过去分词，表示“被安排的”，动词短语be scheduled for意为“被安排在”，符合句意。故选H。 【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们决不应该依赖于模仿别人的产品，而是应该自主创新，生产原创的东西。空处应用形容词，修饰名词“things”，作定语；选项I. original为形容词，表示“独创的、原作的”，符合句意。故选I。 【64题详解】 考查副词。句意：积极锻炼身体可以改善你的大脑健康，帮助控制体重，减少疾病的风险，增强骨骼和肌肉，提高你做日常活动的能力。空处应用副词，修饰形容词“active”，作状语；选项J. physically为副词，表示“身体上”，physically active表示“积极锻炼身体”，符合句意。故选J。 【65题详解】 考查副词。句意：2003年，雅虎搜索成为了自己的基于网络爬虫的搜索引擎，结合了他们之前获得的所有搜索引擎的功能。空处应用副词，修饰动词“acquired”，作状语；选项A. previously为副词，表示“以前地”，符合句意。故选A。 【66题详解】 考查形容词。句意：世界各地的人们都用讲故事的方式来获取知识，让孩子们的外语学习变得有意义和印象深刻。空处应用形容词，与“meaningful”并列作宾补；选项F. impressive为形容词，表示“给人印象深刻的”，符合句意。故选F。 【67题详解】 考查形容词。句意：彼得现在在经济上更加独立，不依赖父母。空处应用形容词，作表语；选项E. independent为形容词，表示“独立的”，be independent of表示“独立于、不依赖”，符合句意。故选E。 【68题详解】 考查名词。句意：鉴于他处理艰巨任务和棘手问题的能力，他被任命为委员会主席。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项C. capability为名词，表示“能力、才能”，符合句意。故选C。 【69题详解】 考查形容词。句意：妇女仍然是家庭暴力的主要受害者。空处应用形容词，修饰名词“violence”，作定语；选项B. domestic为形容词，表示“家庭的”，符合句意。故选B。 【70题详解】 考查副词。句意：1988年，一名美国官员说，一名德国学生经常阅读他们的绝密文件，他不出家门就能进行入室盗窃。空处应用副词，修饰动词“reading”，作状语；选项K. regularly为副词，表示“经常、定期地”，符合句意。故选K。 Ⅴ．Translation: (15%) (3+3+3+3+3) Directions: Translate the following sentences: a English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 对学生来说，最重要的不是赢而是参与。(matter)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For students, what matters most is not winning but participating. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和主语从句。陈述现在的事实，这里时态应用一般现在时，表示“对学生来说”应用for students，在本句中作状语；表示“最重要的”应用what matters most，为主语从句；表示“不是赢而是参与”应用is not winning but participating，其中not...but，表“不是…而是…”，为固定搭配，这里winning和participating为动名词作表语。故翻译为For students, what matters most is not winning but participating. 72. 值得称赞的是，她把捡到的钱还给了班主任。(credit) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To her credit, she gave back the money that/which she found to the class teacher.   【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、定语从句。表示“值得称赞的是”用固定短语to one’s credit，句首单词首字母大写，此处用形容词性物主代词her。表示“她”用she，作主语。表示“把某物还给某人”用give back sth. to sb.，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式gave。表示“钱”用money，作gave的宾语，此处为特指，money前加the。表示“班主任”用class teacher，此处为特指，class teacher前加the。表示“捡到的”用定语从句，定语从句中：用she作主语；表示“发现”用find，从句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式found；先行词是the money，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作found的宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故翻译为To her credit, she gave back the money that/which she found to the class teacher. 73. 我们的城市近年来已经成为一个当红的旅游胜地。(recent)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Our city has become a popular tourist destination in recent years. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。“我们的城市”是our city，“近年来”是in recent years，“成为”是become，由in recent years可知，时态用现在完成时，主语Our city是单数，其后助动词用has，“一个当红的旅游胜地”是a popular tourist destination，因此整句话翻译为“Our city has become a popular tourist destination in recent years”。故答案为Our city has become a popular tourist destination in recent years. 74. 你知道为什么年轻人比老年人更容易受人摆布吗？（likely）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you know why young people are more likely to be pushed around than elderly people? 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构，宾语从句，形容词比较级和固定短语。根据汉语句子分析，“你知道……吗？”为主句，结合语境可知，用一般现在时的一般疑问句句式，即“Do you know…？”。“为什么年轻人比老年人更容易受人摆布”为宾语从句，用“why”引导，“年轻人”为从句主语，用“young people”表达；“更容易做某事”用“be more likely to…”表达，与主句保持时态一致，用一般现在时，同时结合从句主语“young people”，这里的be用“are”表达；“摆布”用动词短语“push around”，这里与从句主语为被动关系，用过去分词形式“pushed around”；“比”用比较连词“than”表达；“老年人”用短语“elder people”表达。因此，从句译为“why young people are more likely to be pushed around than elderly people”。故翻译为：Do you know why young people are more likely to be pushed around than elderly people? 75. 尽管进口蔬菜给消费者提供了更多选择，但是它们的碳足迹太大了。(despite)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the fact that imported fruits offer consumers more choices, their carbon footprint is too big. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和同位语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“尽管”用介词despite，后接名词the fact作宾语；名词the fact后接同位语从句，解释说明名词the fact，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。“进口水果”翻译为imported fruit；“提供某人某物”用短语offer sb sth；“消费者”应用复数形式consumers；“更多选择”翻译为more choices；逗号前面可翻译为Despite the fact that imported fruits offer consumers more choices；逗号后面主语“他们的碳足迹”翻译为their carbon footprint；句子无实义动词，be动词用is；“太大”翻译为too big；逗号后面部分翻译为their carbon footprint is too big；故整句翻译为Despite the fact that imported fruits offer consumers more choices, their carbon footprint is too big. Ⅵ．Guided Writing(25%) 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请以“一位我景仰的人”为题，介绍一位你喜欢的中国名人 1．他/她的成就和人生经历是什么? 2．你为什么景仰他/她?从他的身上，你学到了什么? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 A Person I Admire The person I deeply admire in China is Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan dedicated his entire life to agricultural research, successfully developing high-yielding hybrid rice varieties that have significantly increased rice production and helped alleviate hunger for millions of people worldwide. Despite facing numerous challenges and setbacks, his perseverance and determination led to groundbreaking achievements. I admire Yuan Longping not only for his remarkable scientific contributions but also for his humility and selflessness. Despite his fame and accomplishments, he continued to live a modest life, focusing on his work and contributing to society. From him, I’ve learned the importance of perseverance, dedication, and using one’s talents to make a positive impact on the world. Yuan Longping’s life and legacy inspire me to strive for excellence and contribute to the greater good. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生请以“一位我景仰的人”为题，介绍一位喜欢的中国名人。 【详解】1.词汇积累 挫折：setback→frustration 环节：alleviate→relieve 非凡的：remarkable→extraordinary 奉献：dedication→devotion 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：From him, I’ve learned the importance of perseverance, dedication, and using one’s talents to make a positive impact on the world. 拓展句：It is the importance of perseverance, dedication, and using one’s talents to make a positive impact on the world that I’ve learned from him. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Despite facing numerous challenges and setbacks, his perseverance and determination led to groundbreaking achievements. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] The person I deeply admire in China is Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice. (运用了省略关系词的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期高一英语阶段练习二 (练习时间：120分钟 满分：150分) Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Monday. B．Friday. C．Tuesday. D．Sunday. 2．A．In a bank. B．At a library. C．At a car dealership. D．In an insurance company. 3．A．Job details. B．A phone call. C．Career development. D．Student inquires. 4．A．He comes to class despite the illness. B．He is not the man the woman is thinking of. C．He is feeling much better now. D．He is surprised that the woman is sick. 5．A．He doesn’t want to watch the film. B．He doesn’t know the way to the cinema. C．He wants to avoid the traffic jam. D．He leaves the cinema during rush hours. 6．A．To make full use of the oil B．To replace oil with electricity. C．To find other forms of energy. D．To completely rely on clean energy. 7．A．He is physically unhealthy. B．He doesn’t like places with loud sound. C．He is unable to fall asleep. D．He has some psychological problems. 8．A．The man can phone the kitchen at midnight. B．1 a. m. is outside the working hours of kitchen staff. C．Milk and pizza are not available at midnight. D．The kitchen staff are too tired to make dinner. 9．A．To get the lecture schedule for the woman. B．To find out where the lecture is to be held. C．To copy a new schedule for the woman. D．To pick up the woman from the library. 10．A．Betty was going to have a baby. B．Janice was very rude to a friend. C．Betty was impolite towards a customer. D．Janice had a fight with one customer. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．A photographer. B．A college student. C．A college teacher. D．A senior student. 12．A．It’s fun, but it takes very much work. B．It’s interesting, and it doesn’t take any work. C．It’s boring, and it needs a lot of work. D．It’s difficult and it needs a lot of work. 13．A．After he uses the new camera. B．After he uses the old camera. C．After he takes his teacher’s advice. D．After his teacher uses the new camera. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Next Tuesday. B．Next Wednesday. C．Next Thursday. D．Next Friday. 15．A．Mid-term exam paper. B．Textbooks. C．Class notes. D．All the above. 16．A．It contains multiple choices and an article. B．It is very important for the students’ grade in the course. C．It’s not very difficult as long as you have attended all the lessons. D．Students have to answer five questions to write the articles in the exam. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation 17．A．-5 to -10℃. B．5 to 10℃. C．15 to 20℃. D．10 to 20℃. 18．A．The woman doesn’t like the long, cold winter here. B．The man enjoys the winter here. C．The man doesn’t like the winter in Florida. D．The woman enjoys the summer here. 19．A．Spring. B．Fall. C．Winter. D．Summer. 20．A．Swimming. B．Running. C．Skiing. D．Ice-skating. Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Wearing high heels can improve women’s balance. B．Wearing high heels exposes women to strains. C．Wearing high heels can result in back pain. D．Wearing high heels can lead to unhealthy walking patterns. 15．A．They should choose proper heels. B．They should exercise their ankle muscles properly. C．They should measure the strength of their ankles frequently. D．They should give up the habit of wearing high heels. 16．A．Because they thought it was fashionable. B．Because it was a symbol of status. C．Because it could help them to shoot their bow and arrow more effectively. D．Because it was required by European emperors. Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．Believing in themselves. B．Writing a book. C．Challenging their life. D．Asking for help. 18．A．She makes children’s programs. B．She gets involved in legal decisions. C．She simplifies a judge’s job. D．She explains the function of the law in simple words. 19．A．Sharing things with others. B．Solving problems. C．Talking with others. D．Having her opinions heard. 20．A．A judge’s reflection on her job and life. B．The success of a children’s program. C．The importance of law in daily life. D．The problems people meet in court. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (40%) Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Science can’t explain the power of pets, but many studies ____1____ (show) that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tell you ____2____a comfortable life they live with a pet. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband / wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York ____3____ (measure) stress levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners — while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (心算) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/ wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets ____4____ (do) it best. Those tested with their animal friends had the smallest change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer maths mistakes than ____5____ doing in front of other companions It seems that people feel more relaxed around pets, says Allen, ___6___ thinks it may be because pets don’t judge. A study reported last fall suggests that ____7____ (have) a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year ____8____ (study) 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programmes; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet programme. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, ____9____ (lose) an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Researchers say dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs, ____10____ they got more exercise overall — mostly with their dogs — and found it worth doing. Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. complicated B. suitable C. understand D. regularly E. instant F. access G. divide H. normally I. obtain J. symbols K. refer Among the note-taking forms in today’s U. S. schools, the Cornell method is widely recommended. Providing a form for concentrating and organising notes, the Cornell method sets up a system to direct students to ____11____ the paper into two columns. The note-taking column, which is usually on the right, is twice the size of the key word column on the left. The student should leave five to seven lines blank, at the bottom of the page. Notes from a lecture or teaching occupy the note-taking column which ____12____ contain the main ideas of the textbook or lecture. Most ____13____ ideas and long sentences are avoided while ____14____ or abbreviations (缩写) are preferred instead. To assist with future reviews,____15____ thoughts or questions should be noted down as soon as possible so that the students may ____16____ to these points for reflection or further research. The key-word column is a(n) ____17____place to note down these ideas. These ideas may later turn into potential research results as students are always encouraged to reflect on the notes ____18____ or to go deep into the questions further. Within 24 hours after the note-taking, the students must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space. Such move helps him to ____19____ the topic better. When preparing for a test, the student has ____20____ to a brief but detailed record of the previous classes. Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Homework is work, not play. In contrast to what some might hope, students ___21___ finish their homework exclaiming that they had great fun, nor is homework an activity that students choose to ___22___. It is ___23___ by a teacher for students to complete on the teacher’s schedule, with the teacher’s ___24___ in mind. Homework means business and the student should expect to work on it ___25___. As in the work place, careless efforts and lack of self-discipline are likely to make the ___26___ impression. Teachers assign homework for various ___27___. In some cases, teachers seek to review and solidify material ___28___ in class; homework is also designed to extend students’ learning ___29___ class lessons. As students mature, teachers often assign homework nightly in several ___30___. Homework is also used to prepare students to handle new work ___31___ in the case of summer reading. Increasingly, school reforms call for homework to take the form of course projects, thus increasing its ___32___ to “real-life” job-related activity. Like jobs, homework can be appealing when its resources are well managed. Resources ___33___ sources of information — textbooks, of course, and increasingly, the Internet, but they also include a quiet space to work, materials and equipment such as calculators, paper or a computer, and others who cohabit in the homework ___34___. The external resources needed for homework can be viewed as a kind of ___35___ for the child with features like those needed in the workplace. Therefore, the children who can manage their homework well are generally believed to perform well in their future career. 21. A. rarely B. actually C. literally D. definitely 22. A. exhibit B. undertake C. essay D. overcome 23. A. discovered B. forced C. assigned D. taught 24. A. documents B. attitudes C. manners D. requirements 25. A. obviously B. seriously C. shortly D. immediately 26. A. general B. genuine C. wrong D. illegal 27. A. projects B. purposes C. contexts D. effects 28. A. ignored B. commented C. faded D. covered 29. A. beyond B. through C. over D. above 30. A. languages B. styles C. subjects D. qualities 31 A. as B. when C. even if D. now that 32. A. limitation B. solution C. determination D. connection 33. A. analyse B. include C. exchange D. create 34. A. environment B. reflection C. essay D. delivery 35. A. attitude B. region C. office D. finance Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 36. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. C. Opinions about competition are different among people. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 37. Why do some people favour competition according to the passage? A. Because it builds up a sense of duty. B. Because it pushes society forward. C. Because it improves personal abilities. D. Because it encourages individual efforts. 38. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail? A. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. B. One’s success in competition needs great efforts. C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. 39. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Fear of failure should be removed in competition. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Every effort should be paid back. (B) Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all three with the Global Development Association (GDA). Whatever stage of life you’ re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in poor and remote communities. We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programs. We have such roles as project managers and communication officers. Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers. Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, but you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends. This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programs: Country Schedule 4-week programs 7-week programs Algeria 5 Jul.—I Aug. 20 Jun.—7 Aug. Egypt 24 Jul.—20 Aug. 19 Jun.—6 Aug. Kenya 20 Jul—16 Aug. 18 Jun.—5 Aug. South Africa 2 Aug.—29 Aug. 15 Jun.—2 Aug. GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners in places where our help is most needed. All of our projects are aimed at promoting the development of poor and remote communities. There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to these communities. Find out more about joining a GDA programme: Website:www.glodeve.org Email:humanresources@glodeve.org 40. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers? A. To seek local partners. B. To take in young volunteers. C. To carry out programs. D. To promote cultural awareness. 41. The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to ______ . A. explore new cultures B. help communities in need C. protect the environment D. receive corporate benefits 42. Where can you probably find this passage? A. On the website of American culture. B. In the social work section of a newspaper. C On the leaflet of a travel agency. D. On the report of an international meeting. (C) Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low carbon economy a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday. “China doesn’t lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy”, said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. “While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation,” Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China’s Industrialisation forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009. He said industrialised nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions. For China, the most urgent task is how to realise new type of industrialisation and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialised. Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life-cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling. Tobias Becker, head of ABB’s process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions. LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a product’s environmental impact throughout its life-cycle instead of on its initial investment. Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said, “The colour of future industrialisation is green.” The Germany company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros ($ 8.8 billion) for intelligent power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years. Siemens has set a 20 per cent market share target for the global smart grid business. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialised computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid. 43. The underlined word “lag” in Paragraph2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. attack B. be superior to C. fall behind D. fear 44. What can we infer from the last paragraph of this passage? A. Siemens’ plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future. B. Siemens received orders worth 6 billion Euros recently. C. Siemens will earn $8.8 billion from intelligent power networks. D. Siemens has occupied 20% market share for the global smart grid business. 45. What is NOT mentioned about Smart Grid in the passage? A. Energy saving. B. Small in size. C. Security. D. Low cost. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. Developed and Developing Nations can Learn from Each Other. B. Two Biggest Markets for Smart Grid. C. Intelligent Power Networks. D. Low Carbon Economy - a Shared Goal. Section C (8%) Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentences to fill in the blanks and complete the passage. There are two extra sentences you do not need. Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. ____47____ Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust . Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. ____48____ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. Learn to really trust yourself. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. ____49____ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated. You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. ____50____ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A. Remember that you can expect the best in return. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. Ⅳ．Grammar and vocabulary 51. The finals I had been looking forward to ________ (cancel) due to the pandemic. What a pity! (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. It was three months ________ I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 53. It is three months ________ I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 54. A story goes ________ he rushed out of the room without saying a word. (用适当的词填空) 55. ________ (scold) by the teacher, the boy did not dare to go to school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56. He was busy with his work, so he couldn’t help ________ (tidy) the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57. Doctors usually suggest ________ (drink) little wine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58. We are invited to a party ________ (hold) in our club next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (用适当的词填空) 60. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ________ comes into sight is so new to me. (用适当的词填空) 选词填空 A. previously B. domestic C. capability D. labelled E. independent F. impressive G. specialized H. scheduled I. original J. physically K. regularly 61. Psychologists in Britain have said that the last full week of January is the most depressing time of a year, and ________ next Monday as “Blue Monday”. 62. He said this work of art was dedicated to the upcoming Summer Youth Games ________ for August 16-28, in the city of Nanjing. 63. At no time should we depend on imitating other products, and instead we should innovate on our own and produce ________ things. 64. Being ________ active can improve your brain health, help manage weight, reduce the risk of disease, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve your ability to do everyday activities. 65. In 2003, Yahoo! Search became its own web crawler-based search engine which combined the capabilities of all the search engines they had ________ acquired. 66. People all over the world have used storytelling to obtain knowledge and make children’s foreign language learning meaningful and ________. 67. Peter is now much more ________ of his parents financially. 68. Given his ________ of dealing with tough tasks and tricky problems, he was appointed chairman of the committee. 69. Women are still the main victims of ________ violence. 70. In 1988, a U. S. official said that a German student, who had been able to carry out his break-ins without leaving home, had been ________ reading their top secret papers. Ⅴ．Translation: (15%) (3+3+3+3+3) Directions: Translate the following sentences: a English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 对学生来说，最重要的不是赢而是参与。(matter)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 72. 值得称赞的是，她把捡到的钱还给了班主任。(credit) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 73. 我们的城市近年来已经成为一个当红的旅游胜地。(recent)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 74. 你知道为什么年轻人比老年人更容易受人摆布吗？（likely）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________ 75. 尽管进口蔬菜给消费者提供了更多选择，但是它们的碳足迹太大了。(despite)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ．Guided Writing(25%) 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 请以“一位我景仰的人”为题，介绍一位你喜欢的中国名人 1．他/她的成就和人生经历是什么? 2．你为什么景仰他/她?从他的身上，你学到了什么? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$