第二部分 专题一 命题点5 非谓语动词-【一战成名新中考】2025河南中考英语（课标版）·一轮复习·教材精讲练优质课件PPT

英语 1 2 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题一 动词 命题点5 非谓语动词 3 （语篇填空第一节：10年9考; 语篇填空第二节：5年5考） 考点精讲 非谓语动词不能单独作谓语，且没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己 的宾语、状语等。其基本结构包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、 过去分词）三类。 考向1 动词不定式（10年9考） 1.动词不定式的用法 （1）基本形式：to +动词原形（不定式符号to有时可省略） （2）否定形式：not to +动词原形 4 功 能 用法 例句 作 宾 语 v.+to do sth. 此类动词 有:decide,want,try,afford,agree,choose, expect,fail,hope,wish,learn,manage,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,refuse等 I want to keep the classroom clean. 作 宾 补 v.+sb./sth.+to do sth. 此类动词有:ask, advise, allow, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, teach, tell, warn, wish, want/would like等 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 5 功 能 用法 例句 作 宾 补 v.+sb./sth.+do sth. 常见接省略to的动词不定式作宾补的有:使 役动词let, make, have和感官动词see, watch, notice， hear， feel等，但在变被 动句时，要还原to（let除外） My mother made me clean my room just now.=I was made to clean my room by my mother just now. 6 功 能 用法 例句 作 状 语 目的状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean. 原因状语 I am happy to keep the classroom clean. 结果状语 I am free enough to clean the classroom. 功 能 用法 例句 作 主 语 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语动词不定 式则被后置 It’s good for you to take exercise. 不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三 人称单数 To keep the classroom clean isimportant. 作 表 语 常位于系动词之后，表示主语的具体内容 或目的 My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 8 功 能 用法 例句 作 定 语 置于被修饰词之后，作后置定语 I have some work to do. ▶常见接动词不定式的动词——见《晨读词句篇》P101 2.动词不定式的常用句型 （1）too+adj./adv.+to do sth.太……而不能做某事 （2）adj./adv.+enough to do sth.足够……做某事 （3）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 （4）It’s+adj.（+for sb.）+to do sth. （对某人来说, ）做某事是……的。 （5）It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.某人做某事是……的。 （6）It’s time to do sth.该是做某事的时候了。 10 （7）It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。 （8）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花费……（多长）时间做 某事。 （9）find/think/feel/make it+adj.+to do sth.发现/认为/感觉/使做某事 是……的 （10）have no choice but to do sth.除做某事之外别无选择 11 3.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可转化为 宾语从句。如： （1）When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. （作主语） （2）I haven’t decided when to leave Beijing.（作宾语）=I haven’t decided when I should leave Beijing.（“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时 可转化为宾语从句。） （3）My question is how to go to Beijing.（作表语） 12 考向2 动名词（10年5考） 1.动名词（v.-ing）的用法 用法 例句 作宾 语 动词宾语 I like playing football very much. 介词宾语 I have no experience in teaching English. 作主语 Getting up early is a good habit. 作表语 His job is teaching Chinese in a school. 作定语 We need a washing machine. ▶常见接动名词作宾语的词（组）——见《晨读词句篇》P101 13 2.动名词的常用搭配或句型 （1）be good at/do well in doing sth.擅长做某事 （2）be interested in doing sth./have （an） interest in doing sth.对做某 事感兴趣 （3）be/get/become used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 （4）be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 14 （5）be worth doing sth.值得做某事 （6）can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 （7）feel like doing sth.想要做某事 （8）give up doing sth.放弃做某事 （9）have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth.做某事有困难 （10）have fun （in） doing sth./have a good time （in） doing sth.做 某事很开心 （11）look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 （12）prefer doing sth. to doing sth.喜欢做某事胜过做某事 （13）stick to doing sth./hold on to doing sth.坚持做某事 15 （14）spend+时间/金钱+（in） doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 （15）succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 （16）Thank sb. for doing sth.因做了某事而感谢某人。 （17）What/How about doing sth.？做某事怎么样？ 1. 若动名词位于句首作主语，谓语动词用单三形式；并列动名词作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式。 2.有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，常见的有： （1）意义相同类 ①like/love to do sth.=like/love doing sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事 ②begin/start to do sth.=begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事 ③hate to do sth.=hate doing sth.讨厌做某事 17 （2）意义不同类 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔（已做） regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 18 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 设法/努力做某事 continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事 continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事 need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事 need doing sth. （某物）需要被…… 用法 例句 作补 足语 现在分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是 它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）。 I hear my sister singing. 过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是 它的逻辑宾语（即动宾关系）。 I had my hair cut last night. 作定 语 现在分词作定语，所修饰的词是其逻辑主 语。 Do you know the boy playing football？ 过去分词作定语，所修饰的词是其逻辑宾 语。 Please hand in your written exercises. 考向3 分词 1.分词的用法 分词包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed），其常见用法有： 20 2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 （1）在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词表示被动意义。如： a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 （2）在时间上, 现在分词表示正在发生的动作, 过去分词表示已经完成 的动作。如： the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家 21 考点精练 一、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子 shake repair run improve avoid 1.Doing sports is an important way of ___________ people’s health. 2.You’re supposed to _______ hands when meeting someone for the first time in China. 3.Mr. Smith prefers walking to _________ because he is a bit older. 4.In order to stay healthy, it's necessary to ______ eating too much sugar. 5.My bike is broken. I'm going to have it _________ this afternoon. improving shake running avoid repaired 22 talk visit understand smell enjoy reduce 6.To _______ air pollution, we should walk or take the bus to work instead of driving. 7.She can make herself ___________ by using body language though she can’t speak English well. 8.________ the museums is a good way to learn about the local culture. 9.Scientists found that dogs may know human's feelings by _________ our breath and sweat（汗）. reduce understood Visiting smelling 23 10.The first forest library in Shanghai makes it possible to ______ reading in the natural environment. 11.My parents are my best listeners. Whenever I feel like ________, they are ready to listen. enjoy talking 24 二、语篇填空第一节——方框选词 Passage 1 make watch dance perform learn rain I really like Peking Opera because it makes me feel peaceful and happy. When I was 8 years old, I saw Peking Opera actresses 1.________ with flowing sleeves（袖子） and singing in a graceful（优雅的） way on television. I told my mom that I wanted to 2.______ Peking Opera, and she put me in classes. Since then, I've been on my learning journey for 5 years. dancing learn 25 I had to wake up at 6 o’clock every morning to practice the key skills of Peking Opera performance, such as leg exercise, somersaults （翻筋斗）, and voice training. When I practiced handstands（倒立）, all the weight was on my arms and I sweated. And to 3.______ my pronunci- ation more clear, I read the lines loudly and quickly. It made my lips numb （麻木的）, but I didn’t give up 4._________. As the saying goes, “One minute on the stage needs ten years’ practice off the stage.” All the hard work was worth it when I got the chance to 5._________ Peking Opera on stage. In 2020, I took part in make training perform many TV programs and performed the Drunken Beauty（《贵妃醉酒》） during a show on CCTV. The magic of Peking Opera is endless. I hope that more young people will enjoy 6.__________ Peking Opera in the future. watching Passage 2 write watch remember tell lead achieve become win As a teenager, you may have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, like 7._________ the Nobel Prize, or they can be small. Maybe you just want to 8.________ one of the best students in your class. Once you have a dream, what do you do with it? Follow Your Heart 9.________ by Australian writer Andrew Mathews tells us that following our dreams is the greatest challenge in life. You winning become written 28 may think you are not very good at some school subjects or that it is impossible for you to become a writer. These kinds of thoughts stop you from 10.__________ your dream, the book says. In fact, everyone can make his dream come true. The first thing you must do is to 11.___________ what your dream is. Don’t let it leave your heart. Keep 12._______ yourself what you want. Do this step by step, and you will realize your dream faster because a big dream is made up of many small dreams. achieving remember telling You must also never give up your dream. There will be many difficulties on the road 13.________ to your dream. But the biggest difficulty comes from yourself. It's important to know what is truly important to you. If you choose to study instead of 14.__________ TV, you may get better grades. As you get much closer to your dream, you are more likely to achieve it. leading watching $$