第一部分 主题三 话题13 科普知识-【一战成名新中考】2025河南中考英语（课标版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 2 第一部分 话题读写精讲练 ★主题三 人与自然 话题13 科普知识（10年8考） 3 【常考角度】自然科普（10年5考）、人文科普（10年3考）、事物发展史 【教材单元链接】 人教 课标 八（下）U7世界的事实 八（下）U9有趣的地方 九（全）U6 茶、篮球的发史 九（全）U8神秘的事物 七（下）U8 Topic 1天气与季节 八（上）U4 Topic 1动物与植物 九（上）U1 Topic 2 P15两个国家的况 九（上）U4 Topic 1发明物 九（下）U5 中国和世界文化 4 话题读写“精讲” What can trees tell us about climate（气候） change? Quite a lot, actually! But to understand what the trees tell us, we first have to understand the differences between weather and climate. 5 Weather is a specific（具体的） event—like a rainstorm or hot day— that happens over a short period of time. Weather can be tracked（追踪） within hours or days. Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time（30 years or more）. Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891. But trees can keep a much longer record of Earth's climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands of years. One way that scientists use trees to learn about the past climate is by studying a tree's rings. If you've ever seen a tree stump（树桩）, you probably noticed that the top of the stump had some rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree's life. The light-colored rings represent wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings represent wood that grew in the late summer and fall. One light ring and one dark ring represent one year of the tree's life. Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced difficult conditions, such as a drought （干旱）, the tree might hardly grow at all in those years. 1.写作手法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 2? ___ A. By making comparisons. B. By telling stories. C. By listing numbers. D. By following the time order. √ 8 2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?___ A. The influence of trees on climate. B. The reasons for climate change. C. The differences between weather and climate. D. The history of using trees to learn about the past climate. 3.What does the underlined phrase “are sensitive to” in the last paragraph mean? ___ A. Get used to. B. Are easily influenced by. C. Help to protect. D. Make a big difference to. √ √ 9 4.图片理解 Which of the following best shows the rings in dry seasons?___ A. B. C. D. 5.What is the best title for the text?___ A. The Life of a Tree B. Tree Rings and Seasons C. The Need for Planting Trees D. Trees and Climate Change √ √ 10 重难点拨 1.climate change__________ 2.quite a lot____________ 气候变化 很多，不少 3.over a short/long period of time _______________ 在短/长时间内 4.weather conditions__________ 5.keep track of______ 6.keep a record of________________ 7.climate conditions__________ 8.in the past________ 天气状况 追踪 把……记录下来 气候条件 在过去 11 题型分析&新考法点拨 题型考法分析 阅读C篇以考查科普知识类说明文为主，涉及生活百科和自然科普。考 查方式除固定考查1-2道细节理解题外，还涉及词义猜测题、段落大意题、 标题归纳题，推理判断题2020年后未考过；此外，2020年后每年会固定考查 1-2道新考法，如： （1）细节归纳题：What do ants do to help spread seeds?（2021.33） （2）文章结构题：What is the structure of the passage?（2022.34） （3）主题推断题：What is the theme（主题） of the text?（2021.34） 12 （4）写作对象题：Who is the text written for?（2020.35） （5）文章出处题：In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? （2023.35） （6）写作手法题：How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2?（2023.31）/How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2?（2024.33） （7）写作意图题：What is the writer's purpose in writing the text? （2024.35） 13 新考法点拨 图片理解题（10年3考）：解答此类试题可参考以下步骤： 1.快速阅读题干, 寻找题干中的关键词; 2.快速浏览文章并确定题干中关键词在文中的确切位置; 3.仔细对照原文, 将文中的细节与图片进行比对，选择符合原文的图片。 本题题干中的关键词是________________________。浏览文章可知，该内 容出现在第____段第____句中，依据该句内容描述并结合图片内容最终确 定答案。 the rings in dry seasons 六 二 14 语篇研读 1.体裁：说明文 2.主题：人与自然——身边的自然现象与生态环境 3.What（主旨）：介绍了树木年轮如何反映气候变化，以及这些记录如何 帮助我们了解过去的气候情况。 4.Why（意图）：引导学生通过观察自然界的现象来探究科学问题，同时 激发他们对自然界和环境变化的兴趣。 5.How（组织结构）： 15 Trees specific event local climate conditions 话题读写“精练” Passage 1[2024东营真题改编] We've all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads （负载物） across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days. Have you ever wondered how they do it? For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel's back. Camels are the only animals with humps. And it's the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard（备用食物柜） where 17 the camel stores（储存） food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink. When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel's hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat （脂肪） and stored in the camel's hump. When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That's why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water. Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel's blood cells（细胞）. Camels save water too. They never know when they'll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies. After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel's hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis（绿洲）, it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight. Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life. 19 1.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?___ A. The shape of the hump. B. The habit of the camel. C. The function（功能） of the hump. D. The ability of the camel. 2.Which is TRUE about the hump?___ A. The hump stores different kinds of food. B. The hump always stays the same size. C. The hump can store more than 130 litres of water. D. The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions. √ √ 20 3.What does the underlined word “sponges” mean?___ A. 海绵 B. 弹簧 C. 水桶 D. 吸管 4.写作手法 Why does the writer use some numbers in the text?___ A. To explain the facts more clearly. B. To express the ideas more politely. C. To make the article more educational. D. To make the language more beautiful. √ √ 21 5.What does the writer mainly want to tell us?___ A. Camels have some amazing abilities. B. Camels are good helpers for desert people. C. Camels have a great quality of never wasting water. D. Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert. √ 22 重难点拨 1.take a look at________ 2.for long periods of time__________________ 3.change into______ 4.begin to do sth.____________ 5.take in____________ 6.breathe out______ 7.up to______ 8.lose weight______ 看一看 在很长一段时间内 变成 开始做某事 摄入，吸收 呼气 达到 减肥 23 读后迁移练 佳句仿写 1.as+adj./adv.+as…和……一样…… 仿：________________________________________________________ ______________________ 弗兰克做作业从不像爱丽丝那样细心，所以他总是犯错误。 Frank never does his homework as carefully as Alice, so he always makes mistakes. 2.as soon as一……就…… 仿：________________________________________________________ 我弟弟一躺到床上就睡着了。 My brother fell asleep as soon as he lay down on his bed. 24 Passage 2[2024临沂真题改编] It can be really embarrassed if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don't feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of advantages. You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us do things like making plans and managing our feelings. Talking to yourself loud is like showing this quiet inner（内在的） speech. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work. 25 Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can help us manage bad feelings. “Talking to yourself in the third person is like giving yourself advice,” said Jason Moser, a professor（教授） from Michigan State University, US. Moser takes himself as an example. He does not like flying, but he has to fly often for his work. So when he is feeling nervous or afraid during a flight（航班）, he talks to himself—only silently. “Well, you know, Jason knows air travel is very safe. And Jason has been on thousands of flights.” This can help us to see things from a different aspect（角度）, especially when we're feeling sad or angry. When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers（调查者） divided the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. Self-talk also helps to improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listeningto someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. According to the researchers, those who read out loud recalled the information the best. It's because the information will probably become a long-term memory if it is said out loud. 1.What does the underlined word “It” refer to（指代） in Paragraph 2?___ A. Talking to yourself. B. The brain. C. Thinking. D. The inner speech. 2.Which way of self-talk can help people deal with bad feelings?___ A. “Is there anything we can do for her?” B. “I have tried my best. Just do what I can.” C. “What can Annie do to make the situation better?” D. “You are the strongest person I've ever met.” √ √ 28 3.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?___ A. Talking to yourself helps to find out the best players. B. Talking to yourself helps to improve players' talking skills. C. Talking to yourself helps to make you more confident. D. Talking to yourself helps to manage your bad feelings. √ 29 4.文章结构 Which of the following is the structure of the text? （P=Paragraph）___ A. B. C. D. √ 30 5.What would be the best title for the text?___ A. Talking to Yourself Helps a Lot B. Speaking Aloud is a Kind of Quiet Inner Speech C. Reading Silently Helps Improve Memory D. Encouraging Yourself Adds to Self-confidence √ 31 重难点拨 1.talk to oneself__________ 2.make plans__________ 3.manage bad feelings____________ 4.give advice________ 5.add to self-confidence__________ 6.one… the other…____________________ 7.show confidence__________ 8.read out loud__________ 9.long-term memory__________ 自言自语 制定计划 管理坏情绪 提建议 增添自信 一个……,另一个…… 展现自信 大声朗读 长期记忆 32 读后迁移练 佳句仿写 1.see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 仿：____________________________________________________________ ___________ 当我看到老人过马路时，我总是愿意帮助他们。 When I see old people crossing the road, I am always ready to help them. 2.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 仿：___________________________________________________________ _____________ 上周日我邀请同学们去打篮球，但是他们一个也没来。 I invited my classmates to play basketball last Sunday, but none of them came. 33 Passage 3 Why can't you fall asleep in your own bed? 1.___ Many people experience anxiety（焦虑） about falling asleep. 2.___ In such cases, getting into bed can be connected with worries and stress, making it harder to sleep. For these people, it might be easier to fall asleep on the sofa with less stress. It might be harder to fall asleep in bed because of poor sleep hygiene （卫生）. 3.___ For many people who don't have good sleep hygiene, their behaviors before bed and their bedroom environment might not be helpful to sleep. So how can we make it easier to fall asleep in bed? E D C 34 4.___ In summer, an air conditioner or a fan can make your bedroom comfortable for sleeping. In winter, it might mean putting on a heater 20 minutes before going to bed. If you find it easier to fall asleep with the TV on, you can play some “white noise” in your bedroom. “White noise” can be effective（有效的） in helping you calm down and fall asleep. Your behavior before bed also affects a lot. Following the same bedtime routine every night can help. 5.___ Scrolling on your mobile phone before bed can make it harder to sleep. Both exposure to blue light and the possible stress or warning effects（警示作用） of what you read or watch on your mobile phone can keep you from falling asleep. Therefore, good sleep hygiene, or healthy sleep habits, a dark, quiet room to sleep in, and not using your mobile phone in bed will contribute to a better sleep. B A 35 A. Besides, try not to look at your mobile phone while you are in bed. B. First, make sure your bedroom is dark, quiet and comfortable. C. This refers to your presleep behaviors and the sleep environment. D. They worry about getting enough sleep or falling asleep fast enough. E. There are some reasons why falling asleep in your bed could be challenging. 36 重难点拨 1.fall asleep____________ 2.be connected with____________ 3.air conditioner______ 4.mean doing sth.______________ 5.put on a heater__________ 6.calm down__________ 7.mobile phone______ 8.contribute to________ 9.worry about______ 睡着，入睡 与……有关 空调 意味着做某事 打开暖气 平静下来 手机 有助于 担心 37 读后迁移练 一、一材多设 1.写作手法 How does the writer start the text?___ A. By asking a question. B. By telling a joke. C. By giving an example. D. By comparing facts. 2.细节归纳 What can you do to create a good bedroom environment?___ a. Play some “white noise”. b. Put on a heater in winter. c. Use some blue lights in your bedroom. d. Use an air conditioner or a fan in summer. A. a,b,c B. a,b,d C. a,c,d D. b,c,d √ √ 38 二、佳句仿写 1.make it+adj.+to do sth.使做某事是……的 仿：____________________________________________________________ _________________ 寻求帮助可以让你在遇到麻烦时更容易地解决问题。 Asking for help can make it easier to solve the problem when you're in trouble. 2.find it+adj.+to do sth.发现做某事是……的 仿：____________________________________________________________ 我发现和俱乐部里的同学交朋友很容易。 I found it easy to make friends with the classmates in the club. 3.keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事 仿：______________________________________________ 没有什么能阻止我们实现我们的梦想。 Nothing can keep us from realizing our dreams. 39 Passage 4 ask tree but from long get what similar other surprise For people who love reading, there's nothing better than the smell of an old book, 1._____ what makes old books smell the way they do? The paper, ink and glue that are used to make books hold hundreds of chemical compounds（化合物）. Lignin（木质素） is a compound found in 2.______ that paper is made from. As a book 3._____ older, compounds like lignin start to break down, and they give off chemicals that we can smell. but trees gets 40 But why do people like the smell so much? A study shows that people think the smell of old books is 4.________ to the smell of chocolate. In the study, scientists used fibers（纤维） 5.______ a 1928 French book to create an “old book smell”. Seventy-nine people smelled the old book smell and then they were 6._______ to describe it. A large number of people said it smelled like chocolate. 7._______ said it smelled like coffee. This shouldn't be a 8._________: coffee and chocolate also come from materials having lignin. similar from asked Others surprise 41 Lignin might give books a sweet smell, but it also makes the pages yellow. Nowadays, books use paper with less lignin, which might let them stay white much 9._______, but in the future, books will no longer have the sweet smell they used to have. Just ignore（忽视） 10.______ books are made from. Let's do as an old saying goes, “Book smell enriches the soul, and reading enriches life.” longer what 42 重难点拨 一、【课标高频词句】 1.be used to do sth.______________ 2.break down______ 3.give off______ 4.be asked to do sth.______________ 5.smell like__________ 6.in the future________ 7.used to do sth.________________ 二、【佳句积累】（划波浪线所在句） 英译汉：______________________________ 被用来做某事 分解 释放 被要求做某事 闻起来像 在未来 过去常常做某事 书香润泽心灵，阅读丰富人生。 43 读后迁移练 一、一材多设 1.What is the best title for the text?___ A. What is lignin used for? B. How is paper made from trees? C. Why do we love the smell of old books? D. Why do the pages of the book turn yellow? 2.文章出处 Where is the text most probably from?___ A. A science report. B. A health magazine. C. A travel guidebook. D. A geography textbook. √ √ 44 二、佳句仿写 1.be similar to与……相似 仿：__________________________________________________________ ______ 我的爱好与琳达的相似，我们都喜欢弹钢琴。 My hobby is similar to Linda's, and we both like playing the piano. 2.no longer不再 仿：___________________________________________________________ 我们不再是孩子了，我们可以照顾自己。 We are no longer children, and we can take care of ourselves. 45 Passage 5 Straight or arched（弯的）, thick or thin—eyebrows come in many shapes and sizes. But what are eyebrows even for? They don't keep us warm like our hair, or help us breathe like our noses. 1. ___ Researchers believe that eyebrows help us communicate better. Eyebrows allow us to express emotions（情绪）, as well as better understand others. Take a quick flash（掠过） of the eyebrows as an example. 2. ___ While pulling our eyebrows up in the middle is an expression of sympathy（同情）. A E 46 If you find this hard to understand, just draw a simple face on a piece of paper and draw a line above the eyes. 3. ___ You will find that it is very easy to show anger, fear or surprise on a face. D 4. ___ They can also protect our eyes. Their arched shape can help to move rain or sweat around to the sides of our faces, keeping our eyes dry. Together with our eyelashes（眼睫毛）, eyebrows can also help to keep dust and other things out of our eyes. C 5. ___ In that case, some researchers believe that we would have had some other facial characteristics to perform the same way. That could make us look quite different. A. So why do we have them? B. What if we didn't have eyebrows? C. But this is not the only purpose of our eyebrows. D. You can draw lines in different shapes and directions. E. This is a sign that someone is willing to communicate with others. B 48 重难点拨 1.keep warm______ 2.as well as______ 3.together with________________ 4.keep… out of…__________________ 5.in that case______________ 6.facial characteristics__________ 7.what if________________ 保暖 以及 连同,和……一起 使……不入……内 在那种情况下 面部特征 如果……怎么办 49 读后迁移练 一、一材多设 1.图片理解 Which of the following pictures shows what an eyebrow looks like? ___ A. B. C. D. √ 50 2.What's the text mainly about? ___ A. What's the use of eyebrows? B. Why do humans communicate? C. How do you express emotions through eyebrows? D. How do you change the shape of your eyebrows? √ 51 二、佳句仿写 1.allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 仿：__________________________________________________________ 我父母不允许我在上学日用手机。 My parents don't allow me to use my phone on school days. 2.be willing to do sth.愿意做某事 仿：____________________________________________________________ ________________ 我表弟很乐于助人。他总是愿意做些事来为他人服务。 My cousin is very helpful. He is always willing to do something to serve others. 52 $$