精品解析：北京市丰台区2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末英语试题

丰台区2023～2024学年度第一学期期末练习 八年级英语 2024.01 考生须知 1.本练习卷共10页，共七道大题，45道小题。满分60分。考试时间90分钟。 2.在练习卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和教育ID号。 3.练习题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在练习卷上作答无效。 4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.练习结束，将本练习卷和答题卡一并交回。 知识运用（共20分） 一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分） 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Lu Xun is a great writer in China. ________ wrote The True Story of Ah Q in 1921. A. I B. You C. He D. She 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。他于1921年写了《阿Q正传》。 考查人称代词。I我；You你；He他；She她。指代前一句的主语Lu Xun，用he。故选C。 2. It may be cold and wet in Hong Kong ________ January. A. in B. at C. on D. to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：香港一月份可能又冷又湿 考查介词辨析。in后跟年月季节等大的时间；at后跟具体时刻；on后跟具体某一天；to到。根据“January”可知，后跟月份，用介词in。故选A。 3. Try to listen to English radio, ________ that’s good for your pronunciation. A. so B. but C. because D. or 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽量听英语广播，因为这对你的发音有好处。 考查连词。so所以；but但是；because因为；or或者，否则。前后句存在因果关系，“这对你的发音有好处”是“尽量听英语广播”的原因，用“因为”连接。故选C。 4. For some kids, playing football is ________ than watching it. A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：对一些孩子来说，踢足球比看足球更令人兴奋。 考查形容词用法。exciting令人兴奋的，形容词原级；more exciting比较级；most exciting最高级；the most exciting最高级。根据“playing football is...than watching it”可知，设空处为“踢足球”与“看足球”两者进行比较，应用比较级形式。故选B。 5. These stairs are not safe. You ________ use them. A. mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. can 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些楼梯不安全。你不能用它们。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止，不能；must必须；needn’t不必；can能，会。根据“These stairs are not safe.”可知，楼梯不安全，所以不能使用它们。故选A。 6. Thousands of athletes (运动员) ________ to Hangzhou for the Asian Games last autumn. A. go B. went C. are going D. will go 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：去年秋天，成千上万的运动员到杭州参加亚运会。 考查动词时态。根据“last autumn.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式went。故选B。 7. Look! Some students ________ clean up the snow at the gate. A. help B. will help C. helped D. are helping 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：看！一些学生正在帮忙清理门口的积雪。 考查动词时态。根据“Look!”可知，此处表示此刻正发生的事情，应用现在进行时am/is/are doing，主语是复数，be用are。故选D。 8. The nature parks will be big and there ________ more bamboo to feed the pandas. A. is B. be C. will be D. was 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：自然公园将很大，将会有更多的竹子来喂养熊猫。 考查动词时态。根据“The nature parks will be big”及语境可知，事情还未发生，时态用一般将来时（will do），故选C。 9. My brother ________ a model plane while I was sweeping the floor. A. makes B. will make C. made D. was making 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：我在扫地的时候，我哥哥在做飞机模型。 考查动词时态。根据“while I was sweeping the floor”可知，while引导时间状语从句，且主从句的动作同时进行，都可以延续，用过去进行时。故选D。 10. In the West, people often ________ flowers when they visit someone. A. take B. are taking C. will take D. took 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在西方，人们拜访别人时经常带花。 考查动词时态。根据“often”可知，该句陈述经常性的动作，且句中没有表示过去的词，故用一般现在时。故选A。 11. — ________ do you think of your school trip last week, Chris? —Oh, wonderful! We had a great time. A. Why B. What C. When D. Where 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你觉得上周的学校旅行怎么样，Chris？ ——哦，太棒了！我们玩得很开心。 考查疑问词辨析。Why为什么；What什么；When什么时候；Where哪里。根据wonderful可知，设空处询问对学校旅行的看法，“what do you think of...”意为“你觉得……怎么样”，选项B符合语境。故选B。 12. We should work hard ________ people using plastic (塑料的) bags. A. stopping B. stop C. stopped D. to stop 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们应该努力工作阻止人们使用塑料的袋子。 考查非谓语动词。根据“We should work hard ... people using plastic (塑料的) bags”可知，此处是表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故选D。 选择方框中恰当的词语填空，并将该词语的字母标号涂在答题卡的相应位置上。 A. keep clear of B. make mistakes C. thinking about D. is far from E. pay attention 13. Don’t worry when you ________ in your writing. 14. Please ________, stop at the red lights. 15. Remember to ________ fires in an earthquake. 16. While Alice was falling, she was ________ her cat. 17. The museum ________ here, so you’d better take the underground. 【答案】13. B 14. E 15. A 16. C 17. D 【解析】 【13题详解】 句意：当你在写作中犯错误时不要担心。根据“Don’t worry”和备选词汇可知，写作时犯错了，不要 担心，make mistakes意为“犯错误”，符合语境。故选B。 【14题详解】 句意：请注意，红灯停车。根据“stop at the red lights”和备选词汇可知，这是交通规则，空格前有please，提醒人们要注意，pay attention意为“注意”，符合语境。故选E。 【15题详解】 句意：地震时记得远离火源。根据“in an earthquake”和备选词汇可知，地震时记得要远离火源。keep clear of意为“远离”，符合语境。故选A。 【16题详解】 句意：当爱丽丝跌倒时，她想着她的猫。根据“While Alice was falling, she was…her cat.”和备选词汇可知，爱丽丝跌倒时还想着她的猫。thinking about意为“想着”，符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 句意：博物馆离这里很远，所以你最好乘地铁。根据“so you’d better take the underground”和备选词汇可知，博物馆离这里很远。is far from意为“离……远”，符合语境。故选D。 三、完形填空（共4分，每小题0.5分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Why do I learn Spanish? When I was young, I hated languages. My father could speak several languages. He was sure that I could also be good at ____18____. With his encouragement (鼓励), I decided to go to Chile to learn Spanish (西班牙语). At the weekend, I did a part-time job. I worked in a school for disabled (残疾的) children in a class of six. Only two children in the class could ____19____ and neither of them could do it well. But I realized (意识到) slowly that every child could communicate (沟通). Some of them used body languages to express (表达) themselves. Others used their voices—They made ____20____ when they had strong feelings. They even “ talked” to each other, having “ quarrels (争吵)” and friendly “ chats” like anyone else. None (没有一个) of the children in that room could say a sentence. But they had a strong personality (性格), likes and dislikes, wishes and fears. And they communicated every day. Slowly, I learned not only Spanish but the language of each child I cared for. It was ____21____ to see these children trying their best to communicate with each other. I had been making excuses (借口) for not trying all these years. And here were a group of disabled children showing me how ____22____ communication was. It really made me ____23____ to use Spanish to talk to others. In this way, I could express my personality better like the disabled children. From then on, I took every chance to talk with people in Spanish around me. I felt excited when I knew a new word. When I arrived in Chile, I couldn't say a word. But when I left, I could happily have a conversation. I felt my life was ____24____. I learned from those children that ____25____ could open doors like something else—doors to friendship, excitement and happiness. 18. A. sentences B. languages C. words D. letters 19. A. speak B. see C. hear D. learn 20. A. friends B. mistakes C. noises D. troubles 21. A. boring B. relaxing C. interesting D. encouraging 22. A. important B. perfect C. difficult D. useless 23. A. hate B. want C. forget D. remember 24. A. common B. hard C. different D. boring 25. A. voice B. knowledge C. advice D. communication 【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者年轻时去智利学习西班牙语的一段经历和感悟，告诉我们沟通的力量。 【18题详解】 句意：他确信我也会擅长语言。 sentences句子；languages语言；words话；letters字母。由前文“My father could speak several languages”和本句的“also be good at”可知，他坚信我和他同样擅长语言。故选B。 【19题详解】 句意：班上只有两个孩子会说话，而且他们两个都说的不好。 speak说；see看；hear听；learn学。由下文的“every child could communicate”和“used body languages to express”可推知，这些孩子们虽然言语表达上有障碍，但仍可以用身体语言去交流。故选A。 【20题详解】 句意：其他人用他们的声音——当他们有强烈的感情时，他们会发出噪音。 friends朋友；mistakes错误；noises噪声；troubles麻烦。由上文“used body languages”和本句的“used their voices”可知，不同的孩子通过不同的方式表达，跟vioces对应的表达方式是made noises，故选C。 【21题详解】 句意：看到这些孩子尽力相互交流，我感到很鼓舞。 boring乏味的；relaxing放松的；interesting有趣的；encouraging令人鼓舞的。由上句“I learned not only Spanish but the language of each child”可知，从孩子们身上作者看到了沟通的力量，并深受鼓舞，故选D。 【22题详解】 句意：这里有一群残疾儿童向我展示了沟通的重要性。 important重要的；perfect完美的；difficult困难的；useless无用的。由上句“these children trying their best to communicate with each other”可知，残疾孩子们一直在用各种方式去尽力沟通，说明沟通是很重要的。故选A。 【23题详解】 句意：这真的让我想用西班牙语与他人交谈。 hate憎恨；want想要；forget忘记；remember记得。由上文的“how important communication was”可知，作者意识到了沟通的重要性，所以他从之前的找借口不愿意尝试，变为了现在想要去主动使用西班牙语，故选B。 【24题详解】 句意：我觉得我生活不一样了。 common常见的；hard困难的；different不同的；boring乏味的。作者从“I couldn’t say a word”到“I could happily have a conversation”的蜕变，表明他的生活变得不同了。故选C。 【25题详解】 句意：我从那些孩子身上学到了沟通可以像其他东西一样，打开友谊、兴奋和幸福的大门。 voice嗓音；knowledge知识；advice劝告；communication沟通。由前文作者对孩子们的观察和他自身的改变可知，沟通可以带来很多收获，communication是全文的中心词，此句也总结了作者的感悟。故选D。 四、根据中文意思组词成句，并将完整的句子写在答题卡的相应位置上，有时需要做相应变化。（共5分，每小题1分） 26. 老舍因《茶馆》而闻名。 Lao She, Teahouse, is famous for __________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Lao She is famous for Teahouse 【解析】 【详解】根据句意及标点可知，本句是陈述句，主语是Lao She；is famous for“因……而闻名”；Teahouse“《茶馆》”。故填Lao She is famous for Teahouse“老舍因《茶馆》而闻名”。 27. 我们想要保护海洋里的蓝鲸。 want to, we, protect, in oceans, the blue whales __________________________________________________________. 【答案】We want to protect the blue whales in oceans 【解析】 【详解】根据汉语及所给词可知，本句主语是we“我们”；want to“想要”是谓语，后跟的动词原形protect“保护”；the blue whales“蓝鲸”作protect的宾语；in oceans“海洋里”，作状语。故填We want to protect the blue whales in oceans“我们想要保护海洋里的蓝鲸”。 28. 不要和你的朋友并排骑车。 side by side, ride, don’t, your friends, with __________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Don’t ride with your friends side by side 【解析】 【详解】分析所给单词可知，本句是祈使句的否定形式，结构是“Don’t+动词原形+其他”，所给单词中只有ride是动词，所以句首为Don’t ride；ride with sb.意为“和某人一起骑车”，介词with后接名词短语your friends；side by side意为“并排”，作状语，置于句末。故答案为：Don’t ride with your friends side by side“不要和你的朋友并排骑车”。 29. 天太黑了，她什么都看不见。 for her, see, was, to, it, too dark, anything ____________________. 【答案】It was too dark for her to see anything 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和所给单词，too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，it作主语，was作谓语，too dark作表语，to see anything作结果状语。故答案为：It was too dark for her to see anything“天太黑了，她什么都看不见”。 30. 乘公共汽车到那儿花了我一小时。 by bus, an hour, to, get there, it, take, me ____________________. 【答案】It took me an hour to get there by bus 【解析】 【详解】根据中文提示及所给词汇可知，本句应用句型“It takes sb.+时间+ to do sth.”意为“某人花费时间做某事”，时态为一般过去时，所以动词take用过去式took。it作形式主语，首字母大写；took作谓语；to get there by bus作真正主语。故填It took me an hour to get there by bus“乘公共汽车到那儿花了我一小时”。 阅读理解（共30分） 五、阅读理解（共20分，每小题2分） （一） 信息匹配。请根据31-33小题中所描述的Steven, Lily 和Jessie三个人的特点，帮助他们进行选择，并将对应的序号A、B、C填写在相应的位置上。 A Winter vacation is coming. Please help Steven, Lily and Jessie choose the winter camps they can join in China. A. Snow Camp Do you want to enjoy the excitement in snow? Imagine sliding (滑) down mountains with everywhere silver (银色) freely. Both English and Chinese coaches are available (可选择的). Come to join our winter camp. Age 7-18 Songhua Lake Resort (度假胜地), Jilin 7 Days Jan. 22-28 B. The Silk (丝绸) Road Camp Are you interested in the history of the Silk Road and ancient (古代的) capital of China? Come to experience the Chinese culture with us. You will have a wonderful time in this camp. Age 10-15 Age 6-9 with parents Xi’an, Shaanxi 5 Days Jan. 29-Feb.2 C. Rain Forest Camp Do you hope to know more about the Asian elephants and amazing insects (昆虫) in rain forest? Come to the southwest of China to meet us. Let’s open the world of wild life together. Age 8-18 Age 5-7 with parents Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 6 Days Feb. 18-23 31. Steven is 7 years old and interested in wild animals. He can choose _________ with his parents. 32. Lily is a Chinese fan. She wants to know more about the ancient Chinese culture. So _________ is a good choice for her. 33. Jessie likes doing sports very much and she also wants to improve her Chinese in the winter camp, so she can choose _________. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33 A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了三位外国同学的个人爱好以及三种冬令营的相关内容。 【31题详解】 根据“Steven is 7 years old and interested in wild animals.”可知，Steven对野生动物感兴趣。选项C“雨林冬令营可以了解更多关于亚洲象和昆虫的知识”与之对应。故选C。 【32题详解】 根据“Lily is a Chinese fan. She wants to know more about the ancient Chinese culture.”可知，Lily是个中国迷，她想了解更多的中国古代文化。选项B“丝绸之路冬令营可以了解更多的中国文化和历史”与之对应。故选B。 【33题详解】 根据“Jessie likes doing sports very much and she also wants to improve her Chinese in the winter camp”可知，Jessie很喜欢运动，而且想在冬令营中提高汉语水平。选项A“滑雪冬令营可以体验滑雪的乐趣，而且可以选择中文或英文教练”与之对应。故选A。 （二） 阅读下列两篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B 阅读下列两篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 A Bad Accident One day, at 5:00 p. m., the students of a middle school were leaving their classrooms for home. Suddenly, one student fell down. But the schoolmates didn’t pay attention to it. They rushed (冲) out and stepped (踩) on the fallen student. “Help! Help! Don’t step on me!”, the fallen student cried. It made other students panic (恐慌). They pushed and wanted to run away from the stairs. But more students fell down. Then it caused the accident. Teachers shouted to the students, “Stay calm! Don’t push!” But most students didn’t listen to it. They hurried to the gate of the teaching building. Screaming and yelling (尖叫) was everywhere. Immediately, the teachers called the ambulance and police for help. The injured (受伤的) students were soon sent to the hospital. However, unluckily, there were twenty-six students injured in the bad accident. A policeman said that more than 400 students were leaving classrooms at that time. The accident happened because two boys blocked (阻挡) students near the bottom of the stairs. And the stairs were just 1.2 meters wide. That’s too narrow (窄的) to let the students leave quickly. Both of the reasons caused the accident. A boy told the reporter, “When the crowd began to push, I tried to hold onto the handrail (扶手) tightly (紧紧地). My classmate Lucas stayed in a corner until the crowd left. I saw a girl fall down in the moving crowd, but she covered her head with both hands, leaned (倚靠) to one side and curled (蜷缩) up her body. Those are the ways saved our lives.” 34. The accident happened when the students were _________. A. having classes B. leaving for home C. having lunch D. doing the exercise 35. Which one of the followings is NOT the reason for the accident? A. Two boys blocked the way near the bottom of the stairs. B. A student fell down while leaving the classroom. C. The stairs were such narrow places. D. The students were too tired. 36. How could you save yourself when the crowd began to push in an accident? A. Hold something tightly. B. Run to the gate quickly. C. Push other people hard. D. Lean to your classmates. 【答案】34. B 35. D 36. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了一所中学校发生的踩踏事件。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据“One day, at 5:00 p. m., the students of a middle school were leaving their classrooms for home.”可知，事故发生在学生们离开教室回家的时候，故选B。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Suddenly, one student fell down. But the schoolmates didn’t pay attention to it. They rushed (冲) out and stepped (踩) on the fallen student.”以及“The accident happened because two boys blocked (阻挡) students near the bottom of the stairs. And the stairs were just 1.2 meters wide. That’s too narrow (窄的) to let the students leave quickly.”可知，学生们太累了并不是这次事故的原因，故选D。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据“When the crowd began to push, I tried to hold onto the handrail (扶手) tightly (紧紧地). My classmate Lucas stayed in a corner until the crowd left. I saw a girl fall down in the moving crowd, but she covered her head with both hands, leaned (倚靠) to one side and curled (蜷缩) up her body. Those are the ways saved our lives”可知，紧紧地抓住某样东西可以在人群开始推挤发生事故时保护自己，故选A。 C Rest Is Much More Than Sleep We go to bed when we’re tired. Sometimes, however, we wake up feeling tired after ten hours’ sleep. Should we get more sleep then? We always think we’ve rested as long as (只要) we’ve had enough sleep. But in our real life, rest is much more than our nightly hours of closing eyes. Here are some other types (种类) of rest that we badly need. The first type of rest is physical (身体的) rest. It can be passive (被动的) or active. Passive physical rest means sleeping, while active physical rest can be activities like yoga (瑜伽). These activities help your body to relax. Have you ever heard your parents or anyone else complain (抱怨) that they have a hard time paying attention to their work all the time? Have they ever said that when they lie down at night to sleep, they have trouble “turning off” their brains as conversations from the day fill their thoughts? These people need mental rest. You can advise them to take a short break every two hours during their workdays. These breaks help them slow down a bit. The third type of rest is sensory (感官的) rest. Bright lights, computer screens and background noises can make our senses (感觉官能) feel tired. But this problem is easy to solve. You can close your eyes for a minute in the middle of the day or put away your electronics (电子产品) for a while. Then comes creative rest. Allowing yourself to take in the beauty of nature even if just at a local park can provide you with this type of rest. You can also place your favorite artwork around your desk. Enjoying art is another great way to get creative rest. The last two types of rest we need are social and emotional (情绪的) rest. Spend some time with positive (积极的) people. Try to open up to them and share the hard things that have been troubling you lately. Now you know—we need much more than a good night’s sleep to feel well-rested. It’s time for us to get the right type of rest we need. 37. How many types of rest does the passage mention? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 38. The word “mental” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________. A. connected with body B. connected with mind C. connected with time D. connected with nature 39. We can learn from the passage that _________. A. activities like yoga are passive physical rest B. sleeping for ten hours always makes us feel more tired C. we can share the hard things with people to get creative rest D. closing our eyes for a minute can help our senses to get a rest 40. What’s the writer’s main purpose (目的) in writing this passage? A. To show us right ways to get well-rested. B. To encourage us to study the types of rest. C. To give us some advice on how to get enough sleep. D. To introduce some ways to have a good night’s sleep. 【答案】37. C 38. B 39. D 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要告诉我们充分休息的方法。我们需要身体休息、心理休息、感官休息、创意休息以及社交和情感休息。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The first type of rest is physical rest.”可知，第一种类型是身体休息。根据第四段的“These people need mental rest.”可知，这些人需要心理休息。根据第五段“The third type of rest is sensory (感官的) rest.”可知，第三种类型是感官休息。根据第六段“Then comes creative rest.”可知，然后是创意休息。根据倒数第二段第一句“The last two types of rest we need are social and emotional (情绪的) rest.”可知，最后两种类型是社交和情绪休息。由此可知文中共提到六种类型的休息。故选C。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段“Have they ever said that when they lie down at night to sleep, they have trouble ‘turning off’ their brains as conversations from the day fill their thoughts?”可知，你听说过当他们躺下睡觉时，他们对于放松大脑有困难因为白天的对话充满着他们的思维。可知划线词在此处表示“和大脑思维有关”。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“You can close your eyes for a minute in the middle of the day or put away your electronics (电子产品) for a while.”可知，你可以在一天中间闭上眼睛一分钟或者放下电子产品一会。由此可知，闭眼一分钟可以让我们的感官得到休息。故选D。 40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Here are some other types (种类) of rest that we badly need.”可知，下面是一些休息种类，我们非常需要。由此可知，本文主要告诉我们充分休息的方法。故选A。 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Plastic Pollution A sea turtle (龟) notices a white thing floating (漂浮). He thinks it a big dinner—a jellyfish (水母), and eats it. But it isn’t a jellyfish—it’s a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick. Turtles aren’t alone. Over 700 kinds of sea animals have been reported to have eaten or been trapped (困住) in plastic. Scientists think that the amount (数量) of plastic in the ocean might triple (增至三倍) by 2050—and that would mean bad news for the ocean and the animals that live there. But by understanding the problem and taking actions (采取行动), you can help stop that from happening. What’s the problem with plastic? Not all plastic is bad. Bike helmets (头盔), car airbags (气囊) and many medical supplies (医疗用品) save lives. Plastic water bottles can bring clean drinking water to people who don’t have it. Plastic straws (吸管) can help people drink. The problem is that most of us use and then throw away more plastic than we need—things like plastic bags, bottles, straws, and plastic packaging (包装). This kind of plastic that people use only once and throw away is called disposable plastic, and it makes up more than 40% of all plastic rubbish. Where does the plastic go? That’s a lot of rubbish. Scientists think that about 8.8 million tons of plastic goes into the ocean every year. Plastic on the ground often goes to rivers, finally ending up in the ocean. And because plastic rubbish is different from other types of waste—it doesn’t decompose (分解) back into nature like an apple core (核) or a piece of paper—it stays in the ocean forever. That means waste fishing nets can trap animals and harmful straws and plastic bags can be mistaken as food. What can we do about it? We can do so much to help keep Earth clean! Try to use less straws, especially plastic ones. Put our food in reusable containers (可重复使用容器) instead of plastic bags. We can also help to pick up rubbish around us. By working together, our choices can help save animals and the ocean they live in. 41. Why does the sea turtle eat a plastic bag? ___________________________________________ 42. What is disposable plastic? ___________________________________________ 43. How much plastic goes into the ocean every year according to the scientists? ___________________________________________ 44. Will you try to use less plastic things in the future? Why or why not? (Please give two reasons) ___________________________________________ 【答案】41. He makes a mistake and thinks it is a big dinner—a jellyfish. 42. This kind of plastic that people use only once and throw away is called disposable plastic. 43. Scientists think that about 8.8 million tons of plastic goes into the ocean every year. 44. Yes, I will. Because it can help save animals and keep Earth clean. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了塑料污染的危害、现状、原因以及改进措施。 【41题详解】 根据“A sea turtle notices a white thing floating. He thinks it a big dinner—a jellyfish, and eats it.”可知，海龟想要吃塑料袋是因为他误以为塑料袋是他的水母大餐。故填He makes a mistake and thinks it is a big dinner—a jellyfish. 【42题详解】 根据“This kind of plastic that people use only once and throw away is called disposable plastic”可知，只是用一次就扔掉的塑料称之为一次性塑料。故填This kind of plastic that people use only once and throw away is called disposable plastic. 【43题详解】 根据“Scientists think that about 8.8 million tons of plastic goes into the ocean every year. ”可知，科学家认为每年约有880万吨塑料进入海洋。故填Scientists think that about 8.8 million tons of plastic goes into the ocean every year. 【44题详解】 开放式问题。通读全文可知，塑料污染现象很严重，以后应尽量少用塑料制品，所以第一问作肯定回答。第二问原因言之有理即可，注意写出两条。参考答案为Yes, I will. Because it can help save animals and keep Earth clean. 书面表达（共10分） 七、文段表达（10分） 45. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter想和你交流上学路上安全的问题，请你用英语给他回复一封邮件，谈谈你选择何种交通方式上学及原因，并给出安全出行的建议。完成一篇不少于50词的英文文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 提示词语： e-scooter（电动自行车）, underground, dangerous, fast 提示问题： ●How do you often go to school? ●Why do you go to school in this way? ●What advice can you give to keep safe on the road? Dear Peter, I’m very happy to share something about keeping safe on the way to school with you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you want to know more, be free to email me. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Peter, I’m very happy to share something about keeping safe on the way to school with you. I often go to school by underground. The reason is that it’s fast and not affected by traffic jams. Also, it’s less dangerous compared to riding an e-scooter on busy roads. To keep safe on the road, my advice is to always be attentive and follow traffic rules. If you must use an e-scooter, wear a helmet and reflective clothing to increase visibility. Also, avoid riding at night or in bad weather conditions. Remember, safety always comes first. I hope these tips help you stay safe on your way to school. If you want to know more, be free to email me. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：这是一封电子邮件。 ②时态：一般现在时。 ③提示：邮件中明确提到了三个提示问题，包括如何上学、为什么选择这种方式以及给出安全出行的建议，这些提示为邮件的撰写提供了明确的方向和内容。 [写作步骤] 第一步，明确邮件的开头，表达对与Peter交流上学路上安全问题的高兴心情，并引出主题。 第二步，根据提示问题，详细阐述自己的上学方式（乘地铁）、选择这种方式的原因（快速、不受交通拥堵影响、相对安全）以及给出安全出行的建议（注意交通、穿戴防护装备、避免恶劣天气出行）。 第三步，礼貌地结束邮件，表示愿意继续交流，并给出联系方式。 [亮点词汇] ①be affected被影响 ②traffic rules交通规则 ③on one’ way to去……的路上 [高分句型] ①The reason is that it’s fast and not affected by traffic jams.（表语从句） ②If you must use an e-scooter, wear a helmet and reflective clothing to increase visibility.（条件状语从句） 46. 学校的英文公众号正在开展以“我与中国传统文化”为主题的征文活动。请你结合自身经历，写一篇英文短文投稿，谈一谈你去了哪里体验中国传统文化，在那里做了什么以及你的感受。完成一篇不少于50词的英文文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 提示词语: Lao She Teahouse, taste, Beijing Opera, excited 提示问题: ●Where did you go to experience Chinese traditional culture? ●What did you do there? ●How did you feel? In order to experience Chinese traditional culture, I_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： In order to experience Chinese traditional culture, I went to Lao She Teahouse. It’s a place where you can feel the charm of old Beijing. There, I tasted different kinds of Chinese teas, each with its unique flavor. I also watched a performance of Beijing Opera. The actors wore colorful costumes and sang beautifully. Their facial paintings and movements were so expressive. I felt so excited to be part of this cultural experience. It made me understand more about Chinese traditions and history. I really enjoyed every moment there and would love to visit again. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：这是一篇材料作文。 ②时态：主要使用了一般过去时。 ③提示：注意围绕提示问题（去了哪里体验中国传统文化、在那里做了什么、感受如何）准确表达，行文连贯且无语法和拼写错误。 [写作步骤] 第一步，根据提示问题确定文章的主要内容，即描述去了哪里体验中国传统文化（Lao She Teahouse），在那里做了什么（品尝了不同的茶，观看了京剧表演），以及感受如何（感到兴奋）； 第二步，围绕主要内容展开叙述，注意使用一般过去时，并适当添加细节使文章更生动； 第三步，书写结语，总结自己的感受。 [亮点词汇] ①the charm of……的魅力 ②expressive富有表现力的 ③cultural experience文化体验 [高分句型] ①It’s a place where you can feel the charm of old Beijing.（定语从句） ②I felt so excited to be part of this cultural experience.（动词不定式作原因状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2023～2024学年度第一学期期末练习 八年级英语 2024.01 考生须知 1.本练习卷共10页，共七道大题，45道小题。满分60分。考试时间90分钟。 2.在练习卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和教育ID号。 3.练习题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在练习卷上作答无效。 4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5.练习结束，将本练习卷和答题卡一并交回。 知识运用（共20分） 一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分） 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Lu Xun is a great writer in China. ________ wrote The True Story of Ah Q in 1921. A. I B. You C. He D. She 2. It may be cold and wet in Hong Kong ________ January. A. in B. at C. on D. to 3. Try to listen to English radio, ________ that’s good for your pronunciation. A so B. but C. because D. or 4. For some kids, playing football is ________ than watching it. A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting 5 These stairs are not safe. You ________ use them. A. mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. can 6. Thousands of athletes (运动员) ________ to Hangzhou for the Asian Games last autumn. A. go B. went C. are going D. will go 7. Look! Some students ________ clean up the snow at the gate. A. help B. will help C. helped D. are helping 8. The nature parks will be big and there ________ more bamboo to feed the pandas. A. is B. be C. will be D. was 9. My brother ________ a model plane while I was sweeping the floor. A. makes B. will make C. made D. was making 10. In the West, people often ________ flowers when they visit someone. A. take B. are taking C. will take D. took 11. — ________ do you think of your school trip last week, Chris? —Oh, wonderful! We had a great time. A. Why B. What C. When D. Where 12. We should work hard ________ people using plastic (塑料的) bags. A. stopping B. stop C. stopped D. to stop 选择方框中恰当的词语填空，并将该词语的字母标号涂在答题卡的相应位置上。 A. keep clear of B. make mistakes C. thinking about D. is far from E. pay attention 13. Don’t worry when you ________ in your writing. 14. Please ________, stop at the red lights. 15. Remember to ________ fires in an earthquake. 16. While Alice was falling, she was ________ her cat. 17. The museum ________ here, so you’d better take the underground. 三、完形填空（共4分，每小题0.5分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Why do I learn Spanish? When I was young, I hated languages. My father could speak several languages. He was sure that I could also be good at ____18____. With his encouragement (鼓励), I decided to go to Chile to learn Spanish (西班牙语). At the weekend, I did a part-time job. I worked in a school for disabled (残疾的) children in a class of six. Only two children in the class could ____19____ and neither of them could do it well. But I realized (意识到) slowly that every child could communicate (沟通). Some of them used body languages to express (表达) themselves. Others used their voices—They made ____20____ when they had strong feelings. They even “ talked” to each other, having “ quarrels (争吵)” and friendly “ chats” like anyone else. None (没有一个) of the children in that room could say a sentence. But they had a strong personality (性格), likes and dislikes, wishes and fears. And they communicated every day. Slowly, I learned not only Spanish but the language of each child I cared for. It was ____21____ to see these children trying their best to communicate with each other. I had been making excuses (借口) for not trying all these years. And here were a group of disabled children showing me how ____22____ communication was. It really made me ____23____ to use Spanish to talk to others. In this way, I could express my personality better like the disabled children. From then on, I took every chance to talk with people in Spanish around me. I felt excited when I knew a new word. When I arrived in Chile, I couldn't say a word. But when I left, I could happily have a conversation. I felt my life was ____24____. I learned from those children that ____25____ could open doors like something else—doors to friendship, excitement and happiness. 18. A. sentences B. languages C. words D. letters 19. A. speak B. see C. hear D. learn 20. A. friends B. mistakes C. noises D. troubles 21. A. boring B. relaxing C. interesting D. encouraging 22. A. important B. perfect C. difficult D. useless 23. A. hate B. want C. forget D. remember 24. A. common B. hard C. different D. boring 25. A. voice B. knowledge C. advice D. communication 四、根据中文意思组词成句，并将完整的句子写在答题卡的相应位置上，有时需要做相应变化。（共5分，每小题1分） 26. 老舍因《茶馆》而闻名。 Lao She, Teahouse, is famous for __________________________________________________________________________________. 27. 我们想要保护海洋里的蓝鲸。 want to, we, protect, in oceans, the blue whales __________________________________________________________. 28. 不要和你的朋友并排骑车。 side by side, ride, don’t, your friends, with __________________________________________________________________________________. 29. 天太黑了，她什么都看不见。 for her, see, was, to, it, too dark, anything ____________________. 30. 乘公共汽车到那儿花了我一小时。 by bus, an hour, to, get there, it, take, me ____________________. 阅读理解（共30分） 五、阅读理解（共20分，每小题2分） （一） 信息匹配。请根据31-33小题中所描述的Steven, Lily 和Jessie三个人的特点，帮助他们进行选择，并将对应的序号A、B、C填写在相应的位置上。 A Winter vacation is coming. Please help Steven, Lily and Jessie choose the winter camps they can join in China. A. Snow Camp Do you want to enjoy the excitement in snow? Imagine sliding (滑) down mountains with everywhere silver (银色) freely. Both English and Chinese coaches are available (可选择的). Come to join our winter camp. Age 7-18 Songhua Lake Resort (度假胜地), Jilin 7 Days Jan. 22-28 B. The Silk (丝绸) Road Camp Are you interested in the history of the Silk Road and ancient (古代的) capital of China? Come to experience the Chinese culture with us. You will have a wonderful time in this camp. Age 10-15 Age 6-9 with parents Xi’an, Shaanxi 5 Days Jan. 29-Feb.2 C. Rain Forest Camp Do you hope to know more about the Asian elephants and amazing insects (昆虫) in rain forest? Come to the southwest of China to meet us. Let’s open the world of wild life together. Age 8-18 Age 5-7 with parents Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 6 Days Feb. 18-23 31. Steven is 7 years old and interested in wild animals. He can choose _________ with his parents. 32. Lily is a Chinese fan. She wants to know more about the ancient Chinese culture. So _________ is a good choice for her. 33. Jessie likes doing sports very much and she also wants to improve her Chinese in the winter camp, so she can choose _________. （二） 阅读下列两篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B 阅读下列两篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 A Bad Accident One day, at 5:00 p. m., the students of a middle school were leaving their classrooms for home. Suddenly, one student fell down. But the schoolmates didn’t pay attention to it. They rushed (冲) out and stepped (踩) on the fallen student. “Help! Help! Don’t step on me!”, the fallen student cried. It made other students panic (恐慌). They pushed and wanted to run away from the stairs. But more students fell down. Then it caused the accident. Teachers shouted to the students, “Stay calm! Don’t push!” But most students didn’t listen to it. They hurried to the gate of the teaching building. Screaming and yelling (尖叫) was everywhere. Immediately, the teachers called the ambulance and police for help. The injured (受伤的) students were soon sent to the hospital. However, unluckily, there were twenty-six students injured in the bad accident. A policeman said that more than 400 students were leaving classrooms at that time. The accident happened because two boys blocked (阻挡) students near the bottom of the stairs. And the stairs were just 1.2 meters wide. That’s too narrow (窄的) to let the students leave quickly. Both of the reasons caused the accident. A boy told the reporter, “When the crowd began to push, I tried to hold onto the handrail (扶手) tightly (紧紧地). My classmate Lucas stayed in a corner until the crowd left. I saw a girl fall down in the moving crowd, but she covered her head with both hands, leaned (倚靠) to one side and curled (蜷缩) up her body. Those are the ways saved our lives.” 34. The accident happened when the students were _________. A. having classes B. leaving for home C. having lunch D. doing the exercise 35. Which one of the followings is NOT the reason for the accident? A. Two boys blocked the way near the bottom of the stairs. B. A student fell down while leaving the classroom. C. The stairs were such narrow places. D. The students were too tired. 36. How could you save yourself when the crowd began to push in an accident? A. Hold something tightly. B. Run to the gate quickly. C. Push other people hard. D. Lean to your classmates. C Rest Is Much More Than Sleep We go to bed when we’re tired. Sometimes, however, we wake up feeling tired after ten hours’ sleep. Should we get more sleep then? We always think we’ve rested as long as (只要) we’ve had enough sleep. But in our real life, rest is much more than our nightly hours of closing eyes. Here are some other types (种类) of rest that we badly need. The first type of rest is physical (身体的) rest. It can be passive (被动的) or active. Passive physical rest means sleeping, while active physical rest can be activities like yoga (瑜伽). These activities help your body to relax. Have you ever heard your parents or anyone else complain (抱怨) that they have a hard time paying attention to their work all the time? Have they ever said that when they lie down at night to sleep, they have trouble “turning off” their brains as conversations from the day fill their thoughts? These people need mental rest. You can advise them to take a short break every two hours during their workdays. These breaks help them slow down a bit. The third type of rest is sensory (感官的) rest. Bright lights, computer screens and background noises can make our senses (感觉官能) feel tired. But this problem is easy to solve. You can close your eyes for a minute in the middle of the day or put away your electronics (电子产品) for a while. Then comes creative rest. Allowing yourself to take in the beauty of nature even if just at a local park can provide you with this type of rest. You can also place your favorite artwork around your desk. Enjoying art is another great way to get creative rest. The last two types of rest we need are social and emotional (情绪的) rest. Spend some time with positive (积极的) people. Try to open up to them and share the hard things that have been troubling you lately. Now you know—we need much more than a good night’s sleep to feel well-rested. It’s time for us to get the right type of rest we need. 37. How many types of rest does the passage mention? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 38. The word “mental” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________. A. connected with body B. connected with mind C. connected with time D. connected with nature 39. We can learn from the passage that _________. A activities like yoga are passive physical rest B. sleeping for ten hours always makes us feel more tired C. we can share the hard things with people to get creative rest D. closing our eyes for a minute can help our senses to get a rest 40. What’s the writer’s main purpose (目的) in writing this passage? A. To show us right ways to get well-rested. B. To encourage us to study the types of rest. C. To give us some advice on how to get enough sleep. D. To introduce some ways to have a good night’s sleep. 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Plastic Pollution A sea turtle (龟) notices a white thing floating (漂浮). He thinks it a big dinner—a jellyfish (水母), and eats it. But it isn’t a jellyfish—it’s a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick. Turtles aren’t alone. Over 700 kinds of sea animals have been reported to have eaten or been trapped (困住) in plastic. Scientists think that the amount (数量) of plastic in the ocean might triple (增至三倍) by 2050—and that would mean bad news for the ocean and the animals that live there. But by understanding the problem and taking actions (采取行动), you can help stop that from happening. What’s the problem with plastic? Not all plastic is bad. Bike helmets (头盔), car airbags (气囊) and many medical supplies (医疗用品) save lives. Plastic water bottles can bring clean drinking water to people who don’t have it. Plastic straws (吸管) can help people drink. The problem is that most of us use and then throw away more plastic than we need—things like plastic bags, bottles, straws, and plastic packaging (包装). This kind of plastic that people use only once and throw away is called disposable plastic, and it makes up more than 40% of all plastic rubbish. Where does the plastic go? That’s a lot of rubbish. Scientists think that about 8.8 million tons of plastic goes into the ocean every year. Plastic on the ground often goes to rivers, finally ending up in the ocean. And because plastic rubbish is different from other types of waste—it doesn’t decompose (分解) back into nature like an apple core (核) or a piece of paper—it stays in the ocean forever. That means waste fishing nets can trap animals and harmful straws and plastic bags can be mistaken as food. What can we do about it? We can do so much to help keep Earth clean! Try to use less straws, especially plastic ones. Put our food in reusable containers (可重复使用的容器) instead of plastic bags. We can also help to pick up rubbish around us. By working together, our choices can help save animals and the ocean they live in. 41. Why does the sea turtle eat a plastic bag? ___________________________________________ 42. What is disposable plastic? ___________________________________________ 43. How much plastic goes into the ocean every year according to the scientists? ___________________________________________ 44 Will you try to use less plastic things in the future? Why or why not? (Please give two reasons) ___________________________________________ 书面表达（共10分） 七、文段表达（10分） 45. 假如你是李华，你英国笔友Peter想和你交流上学路上安全的问题，请你用英语给他回复一封邮件，谈谈你选择何种交通方式上学及原因，并给出安全出行的建议。完成一篇不少于50词的英文文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 提示词语： e-scooter（电动自行车）, underground, dangerous, fast 提示问题： ●How do you often go to school? ●Why do you go to school in this way? ●What advice can you give to keep safe on the road? Dear Peter, I’m very happy to share something about keeping safe on the way to school with you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you want to know more, be free to email me. Yours, Li Hua 46. 学校的英文公众号正在开展以“我与中国传统文化”为主题的征文活动。请你结合自身经历，写一篇英文短文投稿，谈一谈你去了哪里体验中国传统文化，在那里做了什么以及你的感受。完成一篇不少于50词的英文文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 提示词语: Lao She Teahouse, taste, Beijing Opera, excited 提示问题: ●Where did you go to experience Chinese traditional culture? ●What did you do there? ●How did you feel? In order to experience Chinese traditional culture, I_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$