内容正文:
英语
1
第二部分 语法专题精讲
专题一 动词
命题点4 动词的时态和语态
2
(时态:单项填空每年1道;语态:单项填空10年6考)
知识必备 动词的变化规律
类别 构成方法 例词
原形 没有任何形式变化的动词 do, dance, leave
第三人
称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加 -s work→works read→reads
以s, o, x, sh, ch结尾
的动词,后加 -es go→goes wash→washes
辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应
将y改为i再加 -es fly→flies study→studies
3
类别 构成方法 例词
过去式
与过去
分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed work→worked stay→stayed
以e结尾的动词后只加-d close→closed like→liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,
应将y变为i再加-ed study→studied carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有
一个辅音字母的动词,双写此
辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned
4
类别 构成方法 例词
现在分
词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing sleep→sleeping wait→waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e
再加-ing smile→smiling move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有
一个辅音字母的动词,双写此
辅音字母再加-ing sit→sitting dig→digging
plan→planning
5
类别 构成方法 例词
现在分
词 少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为
y,再加-ing die→dying lie→lying tie→tying
【动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化表见《词汇分类诵读》P156】
6
考点精讲
分析安徽近10年中考真题可知:
1.动词的时态每年在单项填空中必考,主要涉及六种基本时态的结构。
且近3年对时态的考查趋向于无时间标志词或时间标志词较隐性(2022.27:
around the corner即将发生)的情况。
2.动词的语态近10年主要在单项填空中考查了6次,并且常常结合时态
进行考查。
7
考向1 动词的时态(每年1道)
常见六种时态的构成及用法
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时
(2018.35) 结构 1.主语+am/is/are+表
语.
2.主语+动词原形/动
词第三人称单数形式
(+宾语). 1. 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连用。
如:I always get up early.
8
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时
(2018.
35) 标志
词 1.频度副词:
always, usually,
often, sometimes,
seldom, hardly,
never 2.表示客观真理、客观存在或自
然现象。如:
The earth moves around the
sun.
【注意:此用法如果出现在宾语
从句中,即使主句是一般过去
时,从句也要用一般现在 时。】
9
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时
(2018.35) 标志
词 2.频度词组:once
a year, twice a
month, three
times a day等 3.主将从现:若一个复合句中含
有由when,after,before,until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if, unless, as long as, once等引导的条件状语从句,主句若用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表将来。
如:
I will tell Kate the good news
as soon as she comes back.
10
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时
(2018.35) 标志
词 3.其他词组:in the
morning, on
Sundays, at
weekends, every
day/year…
(every系列) 4.表示按计划或安排好的将要发
生的动作,用一般现在时表将
来,但仅限于start, begin,
leave, go, come, arrive等动
词。如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow
morning.
11
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般过去
时 结构 1.主语+was/were+表
语.
2.主语+动词过去式
(+宾语). 1. 表示过去某个时间里发生的
动作或存在的状态。如:
We went to the City Library
last week.
12
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般过去
时 标志
词 1.ago及ago词组
2.yesterday及yesterday
词组
3.last及last词组 2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动
作,常与频度副词连用。如:
When I was a child, I often
played basketball on the
playground.
13
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般过去
时 标志
词 4.just now, in the
past, in 1920等
5.at the age of…,
used to…
6.one day, long
long ago, once
upon a time 3. 在since引导的时间状语从句
中,主句用现在完成时,从句
用一般过去时。
14
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般将来时
(2022. 27) 结构 1. 主语+will/shall+
动词原形
(+表语/宾语).
2. 主语+am/is/are
going to+动词原形
(+表语/宾语). 1.表示将来某个时间会发生的动
作或存在的状态。如:
They will visit Shanghai next
week.
2.表示某种必然的趋势。如:
Fish will die without water.
15
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般将来时
(2022.
27) 标志
词 1. tomorrow, soon
2. next week/month
(next系列)
3. in a week, in+
一段时间 3. “be going to+动词原形”意为
“计划、打算做某事”,表示已决
定的,很可能发生的事情,或有
某种迹象表明要发生的事情。
如:
What are you going to do next
Sunday?(计划)
Look at the dark clouds. There
is going to be a storm.
(客观迹象)
16
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般将来时
(2022.
27) 标志
词 4. one day, in the
(near) future,
around the corner,
be about to 4. “be about to+动词原形”和“be
to+动词原形”结构也可表示即将
发生的动作。如:
The train is about to leave.
5. 在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句
型中,陈述句常用一般将来时。
6. 主将从现。(具体讲解见本
表格“一般现在时”)
17
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在进行时
(10年2
考) 结构 主语+am/is/are +动
词现在分词
(+宾语). 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动
作。如:
—What are you doing?
—I am reading an English
book.
18
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在进行时
(10年2
考) 标志
词 1. now, right now
2. at present, at
this time, at
the /this moment 2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动
作,但此刻不一定该动作在进
行。常用时间状语有:
this/these+表示一段时间的名
词。如:
They are studying hard this
term.
19
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在进行时
(10年2
考) 标志
词 3. these days
4. when, while
5. Look!/Listen! 3.be doing表示将来,常用于这
种结构的动词有go, come,
leave, stay, start, begin,
表示即将发生或安排好要做的事
情。如:
She is going there tomorrow.
20
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
过去进行时
(2016.
41) 结构 主语+was/were+动词
现在分词(+宾语). 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行
的动作。如:
—What were you doing at nine
last night?
—I was watching TV at that
time.
21
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
过去进行时
(
2016.41) 标志
词 1.then
2.at that time, at
ten yesterday, at
this time yesterday 2. 表示过去某段时间内持续进
行的动作。如:
What were you doing from
seven to nine yesterday?
22
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
过去进行时
(2016.
41) 标志
词 3.when/while引导的
表示过去时间的状
从句 3.常和always等频度副词连用,
表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动
作,此时带有一定的感情色彩。
如:
Alice was always changing her
mind. (表示厌烦)
23
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在完
成时
(10年5
考) 结构 主语+have/
has+动词过去分词(+表语/宾语). 1. 表示过去发生的动作或已经
完成的动作对现在造成的影响。
如:
—Have you had your lunch
yet?
—Yes. I've just had it.
24
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在完
成时
(10年5
考) 标志词 1.already,
ever,
never,
just, yet,
still 2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的
动作或状态,也许还要持续下
去,常和for, since连用,动词
应用延续性动词。如:
We have lived here since 2000.
25
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在完
成时
(10年5
考) 标志词 2. recently,
lately, so
far, up till
now
3. in the
past/last
three
years/… 3.在“It/This is the+序数词+time
that…”句型中,that引导的从句
用现在完成时。
26
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在完
成时
(10年5
考) 标志词 4. since 1998
(since+时间
点/从句)
5. for three
years
(for+一段时
间) 4.特殊用法:
(1)have gone to已去某地
(未回)
have been to曾去过某地
(已回)
have been in待在某地
(2)It has been+时间段+since+
一般过去时的句子.
27
若句中含有表示一段时间的时间状语,谓语动词应用延续性动词;如
果动词是非延续性动词,要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见转化
见下表:
非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组) 非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组)
arrive in/at/come to /
go to/move to/reach/
get to+某地 be in/at+某地 begin/start be on
28
非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组) 非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组)
borrow/lend keep finish/end/stop be over
catch/get a cold have a cold buy have
die be dead come back be back
join be in/be a
member of fall/become
asleep/ill be asleep/ill
marry be married leave be away
29
非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组) 非延续性动词
(词组) 延续性动词
(词组)
lose not have open/close be
open/closed
wake up be awake come be here
如:I have kept the book for eight years. 我已经拥有这本书八年了。
The TV show has been on for five minutes. 这个电视节目已经开始5分
钟了。
30
考向2 动词的语态(10年6考)
1.不同时态中被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时
(2018.44) am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day.
(主动)
→The classroom is cleaned by us every
day.(被动)
一般过去时
(10年3考) was/were done Qian Zhongshu wrote the book.(主动)
→The book was written by Qian
Zhongshu.(被动)
31
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般将来时
(10年2考) will/shall/be
going to be done They will plant trees tomorrow.(主动)
→Trees will be planted by them
tomorrow.(被动)
含情态动词 情态动词+be
done We shouldn't throw waste paper here.
(主动)
→Waste paper shouldn't be thrown
here. (被动)
32
▶主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动。
33
常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
1.主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice等)和使役动
词(如make, let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态
时,要把不定式符号to还原。如:
I often hear her sing this song.→She is often heard to sing this song.
34
2.有的动词后接双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,若把直接宾语变成被动
语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for。常接双宾语的动词有
tell, show, lend, pass等。如:
He often tells us interesting stories. →Interesting stories are often told to
us by him.
35
2.不能使用被动语态的词
(1)系动词,如look, feel, smell 等,用主动形式表示被动含义。如:
The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good. 这块手表看起来很好。
(2)英语中有很多动词,如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open,
sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语
的特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义, 主语通常是物。如:
The novel sells well. 这本小说很畅销。
36
(3)表示“发生,进行”的不及物动词和短语,如happen, last, take
place, break out, come out, come true, run out等以主动形式表示
被动意义。如:
The story happened on a cold night.(√)
The story was happened on a cold night. (×)
这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
(4)有些词组的主动形式表被动含义,如:need doing(需要被做),
be worth doing(值得被做)等。如:
Your bedroom needs cleaning right now.
你的卧室需要马上被打扫一下。
37
考点精练
动词的时态
有标志词
1.[2022安徽27题]—What are you saving money for?
—Father's Day is around the corner. I ___ a gift for my father.
A. am going to buy B. have bought
C. bought D. was buying
√
38
2.[2020安徽27题]—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly! We ___ a lot of trees in the past few years.
A. planted B. were planting C. have planted D. will plant
3.[2019安徽34题]—It's ten years since we came here.
—How time flies! We ___ in China for so long.
A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked
√
√
39
4.[2017安徽34题]I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for
it ___ a lot over the years.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed
5.[2016安徽41题]I saw Sam and David in the playground yesterday
afternoon. They ___ games with their classmates then.
A. play B. will play C. are playing D. were playing
√
√
40
6.[2024宿州杨山县二模]—I ___ Mount Huangshan with my parents next
week.
—Really? I really admire you. Have a good time!
A. was visiting B. have visited C. will visit D. visited
7.—Where did Lisa go last week?
—She ___ to Shanghai with some of her friends.
A. go B. will go C. went D. was going
8.Knowledge is power, so my parents ___ me to read books every day.
A. ask B. will ask C. were asking D. had asked
√
√
√
41
9.Look! The children ___ to the teacher carefully. They are interested in
the colorful culture of our country.
A. are listening B. will listen C. listen D. listened
10.—Did you hear what Dad said?
—No. I ___ on the phone with my friend at that time.
A. talked B. has talked C. am talking D. was talking
√
√
42
无标志词
11.[2024安徽26题]—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ___ mine
behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving
12.[2023安徽19题]—Jim, I've got a problem with my car. Could you
help me?
—Sorry, not right now. I ___ a short video.
A. make B. have made C. am making D. was making
√
√
43
13.[2021安徽27题]—Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher ___ it. It took him about an hour.
A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing
14.[2018安徽35题]Before the sun ___, we need to get to the top of the
mountain.
A. set B. sets C. is setting D. will set
15.[2015安徽37题]—Cathy, can you answer the door? I ___ the room.
—I'm coming, mum.
A. clean B. cleaned C. have cleaned D. am cleaning
√
√
√
44
16.[2024阜阳二模]—Although she is very young, she ___ several
foreign languages.
—She is such a smart girl that she has her own ways of learning
languages.
A. was mastering B. is mastering
C. has mastered D. will master
17.—I saw Mr. Black just now. Surprisingly, he's in good health now.
—Yeah, he ___ a lot, but he has given it up.
A. smokes B. smoked C. will smoke D. is smoking
√
√
45
18.The park is beautiful in spring when the leaves ___ green.
A. will turn B. turn C. were turning D. turned
19.Though many years have already passed, everything in my
grandparents' room ___ the same.
A. remains B. remained
C. will remain D. have remained
√
√
46
20.Mr. Huang ___ his voice so that everyone in class could hear him
clearly.
A. raised B. raises C. rises D. rose
21.My grandfather ___ to the radio when I came home.
A. listens B. have listened C. was listening D. will listen
√
√
47
动词的语态
22.[2023安徽25题]Computers have had a great influence on learning
methods since they ___ into schools.
A. introduce B. introduced
C. are introduced D. were introduced
23.[2019安徽42题]The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ___
before the rainy season comes.
A. is completed B. was completed
C. will be completed D. has been completed
√
√
48
24.[2018安徽44题]The weatherman says a rain shower ___ this afternoon
in the south.
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
25.[2017安徽42题]Mr. Green ___ to sing an English song at the party
and he sang well.
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites
√
√
49
26.[2016安徽34题]When the baby dog ___, it was very hungry. So we
gave it some food.
A. is found B. was found
C. has been found D. will be found
27.[2024 C20教育联盟三模]The tea, Lu'an Guapian, is so famous that
it ___ to many places in China in spring.
A. sent B. is sent C. was sent D. sends
√
√
50
28.—Why are you working so hard on telling stories in English?
—Because the best storytellers ___ to an international Summer Camp.
A. are chosen B. were chosen
C. will be chosen D. have been chosen
29.Remember that the lights in the room ___ before you leave.
A. must turn off B. must be turned off
C. turned off D. were turned off
√
√
51
$$