Unit 7语法-简单句的五大基本句型 课件2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

U7重要语法—— 简单句的五种基本类型 Five basic sentence structures，讲到句子类型，句子结构，脑海中自然会浮现出什么样的句子结构？主谓宾、主系表等，会涉及到这些句子成分 1 预备知识 Subject主语? Predicate谓语? Object宾语? Predicative 表语? Full Verb 实义／行为 动词? Link Verb 连系动词? 还 “简单句”呢 Predicate [‘predɪkət] 谓语 Predicative [prɪ‘dɪkətɪv] 表语 这些语法术语听上去很复杂的样子，其实主谓宾，主系表都属于简单句，那到底什么叫简单句呢 2 休要担心少要害怕---- 简单句（Simple Sentences） 就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子 ----它的结构就是这么简单，所以才叫简单句的啊! 英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的，只要把这些基本句型弄清楚，你就会游刃有余了! Practice makes perfect! 按结构分 一个完整的简单句由 “主语部分+谓语部分”构成 The man is a teacher. 主语部分 谓语部分 He works hard. 主语部分 谓语部分 哲学上说: 运动是绝对的 静止是相对的 造句的关键就在于动词 一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外 ) 动词是英语中重要的词类，用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的词，在句子中作谓语，是句子不可缺少的部分，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或在做什么。 动词通过本身的变化来表示时态和语态。 5 03 请输入你的题目 动词的分类 实义动词 系动词：be, get, keep, taste, feel linking verb 助动词（do, does, did, have） 情态动词（must, need, can, may） 动词 及物动词vt.：watch, buy 不及物动词vi.：walk, laugh 6 Verb linking verb vi. vt. 谓语动词常见的有三类： 系动词 intransitive verbs 不及物动词 transitive verbs 及物动词 及物动词后面能直接 加宾语 不及物动词不能直接 加宾语 系动词后面加形容词或名词短语 及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat … I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: walk/ laugh / look / listen / … She walked happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match. 什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?! 有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了： 他们放风筝。 They fly the kites. 风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky. vt. vi. The doctor listened carefully. The worker ran fast. The boy is fishing. The duck is swimming. The woman walks slowly. 主谓结构（S V） = 主语+谓语动词 即S+V(不及物动词) 不及物动词 The girl dances well. He likes playing basketball. He plays computer games every day. He played soccer yesterday. He is playing the guitar now. 及物动词 主谓宾结构（S V O） =主语+谓语+宾语 即S+V(及物动词)+O 11 主语Subject : 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物” 。 也就是动作的发出者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。 谓语Predicate : 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。 也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。 宾语Object : 表示动作、行为的对象。 也就是动作的接受者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 狗 咬 人 。 主语 谓语 宾语 人 追 狗 。 主语 谓语 宾语 什么是主语、谓语和宾语呢?! He is eating ice cream. S V O Farmers harvest crops. S V O White snow covers the whole earth. S V O vt. Practice 口头练 13 Linking verbs 1）表特征或状态：be动词(am, is, are, was, were)， seem，appear（似乎是、好像） 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种 状况或态度，主要有keep, stay 3）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, get 4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste，look 系动词 系动词的分类 他高，不能说He tall. 需要加一个连系动词is，这种连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为系动词。 系动词不能单独作谓语，要接表语构成系表结构来表达完整的意思，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 系动词（be动词除外）后要跟形容词作表语，不能跟副词！ 14 基本句型三：主系表结构（S V P）=主语+系动词+表语 表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。 和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语! She is a girl. They are students. They keep quiet. He looks ill. The apple tastes nice. Your idea sounds good. Trees turn green. 主语 连系动词 表语 主(s) 系(v) 表(p) 15 The flowers are beautiful. S V P Autumn leaves turn brown. S V P The weather becomes cool. S V P be become get turn look smell taste sound feel … linking verbs Practice 口头练 16 Zhalong looks beautiful. Autumn leaves turn brown. As time goes by, children grow old. They are birdwatchers. Birdwatching is interesting. S V S P S V V P 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S V S V P P P Practice 口头练 17 Tell the kinds of the verbs. 1.White snow covers the whole earth. 2.The temperature drops below zero. 3.Bees hide away. 4.People have sweet memories of summer days. 5.The leaves fall into piles upon the ground. 6.We seldom see birds in winter. 7.People feel lazy in summer. 8.The days of spring are windy and bright. linking verb linking verb vt. vt. vt. vi. vi. vi. Practice 判断动词种类的综合练习，书面练 18 S+V+P 1. The leaves ______ (turn) brown last month. 2. The days __________ (get) shorter now. 3. Listen! The music ______ (sound) beautiful. 4. It ________ (be) Wednesday yesterday. 5. It ________ (be) Christmas Day soon. turned are getting was sounds will be V V V V V adj. n. a noun phrase p p p p p 书面练 19 1. We have four seasons. 2. They are quite different. 3. Spring is warm and sunny. 4. We fly kites. 5. We like summer. 6. Ice cream tastes nice. 7. Autumn arrives. 8. Snow falls. S+V S+V+O S+V+P S+V+P S+V+O S+V+O S+V+P S+V vt. linking verb linking verb vt. vt. linking verb vi. vi. Practice 结合动词来判断句子类型，书面练 20 9. My sister works. 10. The students keep healthy 11. The fish tastes delicious. 12. The story happened on a snowy morning. 13. I am a member of the dancing club. S+V+P S+V or S+V S+V+P S+V+P S+V S+V+P Practice 书面练 21 1. The boys are ______________ now. 2. Children _______________________ in summer. 3. Farmers will _____________ next autumn. 4. Mille ______________ last winter. playing football enjoy ice cream harvest crops made a snowman S V O S V O S V O S V O Practice 提高难度，这里的are playing是复合谓语，说明主语做的动作，口头练 22 He gave me a present. She teaches us. She teaches English. She teaches us English. She told me a story. 及物动词 主谓双宾结构（S V IO DO） =主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 这些及物动词后跟了两个宾语，一个是人，一个是物，叫做双宾语，此时，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 如何判断间宾和直宾：小技巧，用give来记，他给我一个东西，是不是他得先直接接触这个东西（东西是动作的直接承受者），所以物是直宾，再给我，并没有跟我直接接触，所以人是间宾，可以用一本书演示一下 23 有时，间接宾语也可置于直接宾语后，此时，间接宾语前要加to（给）或for(替，为)。 和to连用的可以跟双宾语的动词有： give, bring, take, lend, offer, send, show, pass, hand, sell, tell, write, return等。 她把她的自行车借给了我。 She lent me her bike.＝She lent her bike to me. 和for连用的可以跟双宾语的动词有： buy, make, cook, draw, find, do, build, save等。 他为我买了一辆新自行车。 He bought me a new bike.=He bought a new bike for me. 一般情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语前。 save a room for me 为我留个房间 24 Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream. IO Simon built Millie a tent. S vt. Indirect Object (间接宾语) DO Direct Object (直接宾语) S vt. IO DO sb. sth. S+V+IO+DO Practice 口头练 25 Zhalong gives I pass He bought birds an ideal home him a book his son a present. IO DO IO DO IO DO to to for Practice 书面练 26 主谓宾宾补结构（S V O C） =主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 He told me to clean my room. I saw her dancing. Our teacher asks us to read English every day. 及物动词 Vt后接了宾语后意义仍不完整，需要一个补语来说明宾语的意义和状态，即宾补，宾补一般由不定式、现在分词、形容词、过去分词、名词、介词短语、副词等 27 可以用于这类句型的动词主要有： let / make/ have sb. do sth.　　 ask / tell / want / allow / wish 　sb. to do sth. expect / encourage / invite / teach find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth. help sb. (to) do sth. call/name sb. sth find/keep sb./ sth. ＋ adj./ doing/ prep. 28 注意：hope和welcome 比较特殊－－我们可以说: 　 I hope to visit your school. 　I hope that you can visit our school. 　I wish you to visit our school. 　Welcome to visit our school. 　You are welcome to visit our school. 　Welcome to our school. 但不可以说：I hope / welcome you to visit our school. 没有hope/ welcome sb. to do sth.这种搭配！ Eddie often watches Hobo S V O Object Complement （宾语补足语） OC I saw him S V O OC vt. work. crossing the street. Practice 书面练习 30 Jay named his dog Bobby. He gave Mary a present. She spoke very softly . (S + V. +adv.) (S + V + DO + OC.) (S + V + IO + DO.) Practice 书面练 31 如何辨析： S+V+IO+DO S+V+DO+OC 你可以分别在这两个句子结构中两种不同的句子成分之间加入系动词，逻辑合理者为宾语+宾语补足语结构，不合理者为双宾语结构。如： My son passed me a ball. Me is a ball. I find the sea really beautiful. The sea is really beautiful. 逻辑不合理是双宾语 逻辑合理是宾语补足语 have a try S+V+IO+DO S+V+IO+DO S+V+DO+OC S+V+DO+OC 1.The teachers gave the students some books. 2.John calls his dog Eddie. 3.He is watching his mother cook. 4.Sandy bought Millie some ice cream. The teachers gave some books to the students. Sandy bought some ice cream for Millie. 口头练习 32 S V + 1. V S + + P 3. V S O + + 2. V S DO + + IO + 4. V S O OC + + + 5. 简单句的五种基本句型 He gave me a book. He calls me Tom. DO OC + IO DO + 5. We call the panda XiWang. 3.I found it important. 1.Lily brings me a present. 2. People call Zhalong Birds’ Home. 4.Zhalong brings the wildlife an ideal home. 6.She thought the swan beautiful. IO DO + DO OC + IO DO + DO OC + DO OC + Play a game eg: DO OC + 书面练习 34 S+V S+V+IO+DO S+V+DO+OC S+V+O S+V+P Group work 1.write three sentences in different structures on the paper 写出三句不同结构的句子 2.exchange the paper with each other 两两交换 3.tell the sentence structures 写出句子结构 课堂活动 35 The clouds became dark. They covered the sun. Luckily, it didn’t rain. Mum and Dad gave me nice presents, but I was not happy. I hate rainy days. The sun was shining. I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. S V P A weather diary S V O S V S V IO DO S P V S V O S V S V DO OC 抢答 36 S+V S+V+P S+V+O S+V+IO+DO S+V+DO+OC be,become, feel,get, grow,look, seem,smell,sound,stay, taste,turn... fly,scream, cough,rise, shine,arrive,smile,shout,jump,fish... bring,give, sell,pass, show,teach,write,buy, cook,find, make,pick, order... vt. vi. linking verb 发现规律 37 1.She laughed. 2. He bought a T-shirt. 3. Jay named his dog Bobby. 4. She looks lovely. 5. He gave Mary a present. (S + V) (S + V + O) (S + V + O + OC) (S + V + P) (S + V + IO + DO) Describe the main structures of the following sentences. 6. The teacher is marking the tests. 7. They thought John the best actor. 8. I find the article interesting. (S + V + O + OC) (S + V + O) (S + V + O + OC) 书面练习 38 9.My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. 10. I am reading an English book. 11. I can hear him singing in the next door. 12. The cat makes me happy. 13. Chinese medicine is becoming more and more popular in the world. 14. We all love China. (S + V + O + OC) (S + V + O) (S + V + O + OC) (S + V + O + OC) (S + V + P) (S + V + O) 书面练习 39 同义句转换： Could you please make me a paper plane? Could you please_______ a paper plane_______ me? Would you please show me your new phone? Would you please_______ your new phone_______ me? make show for to 书面练习 40 划分句子成分: My sister is a nurse. They are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She passed him the salt. We keep the table clean. _______ S _ V ______ P ____ S ___________ V ____ S __________ V __ O __________ S ____ V ___ S _____ V ___ IO ______ DO __ S ____ V _______ O ____ C 7. They work hard. 8. The flower is dead. 9. Plants need water. 10. He gives me some seeds. 11. We should keep the plants in the shade. 12. Many animals live in trees. ____ S ____ V ________ S __ V ____ P _____ S ____ V ____ O ___ S ____ V ___ IO _________ DO ___ S __________ V ________ O __________ C ____________ S ___ V 1. The spring is coming. 2. In spring, the weather becomes warmer. 3. I have finished my homework. 4. Show me your books. 5. Keep them warm at night. S + V S + V + P S + V + O S + V + IO + DO S + V + O+ C $$