Unit 4 Natural disasters【B卷·培优卷】-2024-2025学年九年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（深圳专用，沪教牛津版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Natural disasters (B卷·培优卷） （时间：70分钟，满分：75分） 一、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 This is a story about a storm in Moscow. It happened two and a half years ago. It was my first time to see such a 1 storm. It was a sunny day in July, and I was at home watching TV. The window was open because the weather was so 2 . Suddenly, I felt a strong wind from outside. I looked out of the window and saw a black sky and trees 3 over because of the strong wind. I tried to 4 the window, but the wind made me fall down. I was afraid that the glass might break. I stood up and tried to close the window again. 5 , I made it. Then I looked outside. I found that the big tree in front of my house was going to fall to the ground and its 6 had broken off. There was frequent thunder and lightning. I started to 7 all the appliances (电器）as quickly as possible. After a while, the wind stopped, but it began to hail (下冰雹). After about ten minutes, everything stopped, and the Sun came out again. How 8 the weather is! A few minutes later, the phone began to ring. It was my friend. We asked each other how it was and how we felt after the storm. In the streets, many trees died because of the 9 . For a few days, people helped clean parks and gardens. Some people’s cars were damaged by trees’ falling on them. The 10 tells me that in the face of natural disasters, human beings are insignificant (微不足道的).We can’t stop them, but we must protect ourselves from them. 1．A．terrible B．lively C．gentle D．common 2．A．cold B．hot C．bad D．foggy 3．A．come B．taken C．blown D．run 4．A．break B．brush C．choose D．close 5．A．Luckily B．Recently C．Loudly D．Probably 6．A．patterns B．branches C．tools D．signs 7．A．switch off B．turn on C．turn down D．pick up 8．A．hard B．popular C．colorful D．strange 9．A．trick B．accident C．storm D．habit 10．A．expression B．experience C．challenge D．exchange 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在莫斯科经历了一场暴风雨的故事。 1．句意：那是我第一次看见如此可怕的暴风雨。 terrible可怕的；lively活泼的 ；gentle温柔的；common普通的。由“storm”及常识可知，暴风雨很可怕。故选A。 2．句意：窗户被打开因为天气太热了。 cold冷；hot热；bad坏的；foggy多雾的。由“It was a sunny day in July”可知，晴朗的天，天太热了。故选B。 3．句意：我看向窗外，看见一团黑云树倒了因为大风。 come来；taken带走；blown吹；run跑。由“trees…over because of the strong wind”可知，此处说的是树被风吹倒了。故选C。 4．句意：我试着关上窗户，但风使我跌倒了。 break打破；brush冲刷；choose选择；close关。由“I stood up and tried to close the window again”可知，作者想把窗户关上。故选D。 5．句意：幸运的是，我做到了。 Luckily幸运地；Recently最近；Loudly大声地；Probably可能地。由“I made it”可知，作者经过多次努力把窗户关上了，在那种情况下很幸运。故选A。 6．句意：我发现我房子前面的那棵大树快倒到地面上了它的树枝已经断了。 patterns图案；branches树枝；tools工具；signs标志。由“the big tree”可知，此处说的是树枝。故选B。 7．句意：我开始尽可能快地关掉所有的电器。 switch off关掉；turn on打开；turn down调小；pick up捡起。由“There was frequent thunder and lightning”可知，应该是把电器的电源关掉。故选A。 8．句意：天气太奇怪了！ hard困难的；popular流行的；colorful多彩的；strange奇怪的。由“After a while, the wind stopped, but it began to hail. After about ten minutes, everything stopped, and the Sun came out again”可知，天气很奇怪。故选D。 9．句意：在街上，许多树死了因为暴风雨。 trick戏法；accident事故；storm暴风雨；habit习惯。通读全文可知，文章主要是在介绍暴风雨的发生及它带来的危害。故选C。 10．句意：这次经历告诉我，在自然灾害面前，人类是微不足道的。 expression表达；experience经历；challenge挑战；exchange交换。由“The…tells me that in the face of natural disasters”及细读全文可知，讲述的是作者的经历，从经历中感慨。故选B。 二、阅读理解(40分) 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题1.5分) A On Saturday, an underwater volcano（火山）in Tonga erupted（爆发）in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific ocean, home to about 105, 000 people. The volcano, known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, is located off the coast of Tonga. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent lots of gas, ash（灰烬）and stones 12 miles into the sky.     It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. Experts say it’s not yet clear whether the cable was broken during the event or simply lost power.     A four-foot wave hit the capital, Nuku’alofa. People in low-lying areas were forced to go to higher ground. There are reports of serious damage in Tonga. Many houses near the shore were flooded. At present, the biggest danger is probably from the smoke and ash from the volcano that has covered much of Tonga. The ash makes the air dangerous to breathe, and it is believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water.     New Zealand and Australia have sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams will use airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. The large cloud of ash high above Tonga is making it impossible to get a good picture of what’s happening in the area from high in the air. 11．What information can we get about the volcano in paragraph 1? A．It is underwater and in an island nation. B．More than 105, 000 people live next to it. C．It’s quite far away from the South Pacific Ocean. D．It’s under the ocean and sent stones into the water. 12．What does the underlined expression “knocked out” mean? A．changed B．improved C．destroyed D．brought 13．Which of the following can we infer（推断）from paragraph 3? A．The ash from the volcano has covered much of Tonga. B．The ash makes the air in Tonga dangerous to breathe. C．Houses in low-lying areas were completely damaged. D．People in Tonga will be short of clean drinking water. 14．Why is it hard for the teams to know exactly what’s happening in the area? A．There is still a lot of ash in the air above Tonga. B．The airplanes cannot take off because of the ash. C．The teams don’t know how to take a good picture. D．The clouds in the sky stop the teams seeing clearly. 15．Where can we probably read this article? A．In a comic book. B．In a newspaper. C．In a science fiction. D．In a fashion magazine. 【答案】 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了南太平洋汤加的一座水下火山爆发造成的危害以及其他国家对它的帮助。 11．细节理解题。根据“On Saturday, an underwater volcano（火山）in Tonga erupted（爆发）in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific ocean”可知，从第一段我们可以了解到它位于水下，是一个岛国，故选A。 12．词义猜测题。根据“It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area”可知，因为该地区的互联网服务受到了影响，所以汤加花了一段时间才收到报道，故knocked out与destroyed同义，故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据“it is believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water”可知，它污染了许多饮用水来源，由此可推断汤加的人们将缺乏干净的饮用水，故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据“The large cloud of ash high above Tonga is making it impossible to get a good picture of what’s happening in the area from high in the air.”可知，汤加上空巨大的火山灰云使人们无法从高空对该地区发生的事情进行清晰的拍摄，故选A。 15．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了南太平洋汤加的一座水下火山爆发造成的危害以及其他国家对它的帮助，可能来自报纸，故选B。 B After a serious earthquake happened, a father left his wife safely at home and rushed to his son’s school, only to find that the building where his son studied had collapsed and looked like a pancake. He was shocked. He didn’t know what he should do for a while, then he remembered the words he had said to his son, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!” And tears began to fill his eyes. He started digging through the ruins（废墟）. As he was digging, other helpless parents and the firemen arrived and tried to pull him off the ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They’re all dead! There’s nothing you can do!” To them he replied with one line,“Are you going to help me now?” And then he kept on digging. No one helped, however. He went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or is he dead?” He dug for eight hours... 12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then, in the 39th hour, he pulled back a rock and heard his son’s words. He shouted his son’s name, “ARMAND!”He heard back, “Dad!?! It’s me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, you’d save me and when you saved me, they would be saved. You promised, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!’ You did it, Dad!” “What’s going on there? How is it?” the father asked. “There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad. We’re frightened, hungry, thirsty and thankful you’re here. When the building fell down, it made a triangle（三角）, and it saved us.” “Come out, boy!” “No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you’ll get me! No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!” 16．The underlined word “collapsed” probably means “________”. A．broke down B．shook away C．stood by D．fell into 17．Who came to help the father when he was digging? A．His wife. B．Other parents. C．The firemen. D．No one. 18．Other parents and the firemen wanted to pull him off the ruins because they thought ________. A．he was mad. B．all the children had died in the earthquake. C．he was too dangerous to others. D．it was not his job to dig. 19．How many students were already dead when the father found them in the ruins? A．Fourteen. B．Thirty-three. C．Forty-seven. D．Nineteen. 20．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．it took the father one day to find his son and other students. B．his wife died in the earthquake. C．his son was the last one to come out of the ruins. D．the son didn’t believe his father would come to save him. 【答案】 16．A 17．D 18．B 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了发生地震后，一位父亲去学校营救儿子，大家都以为孩子们没有生还的希望，但这位父亲始终不放弃，最终救下了儿子。 16．词句猜测题。根据“After a serious earthquake happened”和“looked like a pancake”可知，地震发生后，建筑物倒塌了，因此“collapsed”意为“broke down”。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据“No one helped, however.”可知，没有人帮助他。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据“As he was digging, other helpless parents and the firemen arrived and tried to pull him off the ruins, saying, “Its too late! They’re all dead!”可知，大家都以为孩子们去世了。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad.”可知，总共33人，活着14人，死去19人。故选D。 20．推理判断题。根据“No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you’ll get me!”可知，儿子让其他孩子先出去，他最后一个出去。故选C。 C We should all have at least one fire extinguisher (灭火器) somewhere in our house or office building. However, it’s not enough to simply keep an extinguisher somewhere. The best way to be ready for a fire is to study this guide carefully and go over it often.{1} Have a clear exit route (路线) Before operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is out.{2} Call the fire department (消防部门) Even if the fire seems manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once the firemen arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.{3} stand back Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the fire as you prepare to operate the fire extinguisher.{4} Operate the extinguisher It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to operate an extinguisher is to remember the four steps of “PASS” progress (过程). ●P— Pull. ●A— Aim. ●S— Squeeze. ●S— Sweep. {5} Keep an eye on things After the fire seems to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn't start burning again. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.{6} Get to a safe place Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire. 21．By writing this guide, the writer mainly wants to ________. A．show us how to prevent a fire B．tell us what to do when there is a fire C．teach us how to use a fire extinguisher D．share with us his experience of putting out a fire 22．We should call the fire department even if the fire seems manageable because the firemen can help us make sure ________. A．there is a safe exit route B．the fire extinguisher is still useful C．the fire has been completely put out D．everyone has left the fire scene safely 23．The following pictures show the four steps of the “PASS” process. Which is their correct order? A．①②③④ B．④①③② C．②③④① D．④②①③ 24．When we are unable to put out the fire, we should ________. A．try putting out the fire again B．ask family or friends for help C．leave the fire area at once D．work out our loss in the fire 25．Who may be the most interested in reading the passage? A．A college student who is interested in the machine design. B．A middle school student who wants to know about survival skills. C．A teacher who would like to make a speech about environmental protection. D．A primary school student who knows nothing about the danger of playing with fire. 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．C 25．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了在火灾发生时的应对措施。 21．主旨大意题。根据“The best way to be ready for a fire is to study this guide carefully and go over it often.”及全文内容可知文章主要介绍了在火灾发生时的应对措施。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据“Even if the fire seems manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once the firemen arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.”可知消防员可以帮我们确认火完全被扑灭了。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据图片内容及“●P— Pull. ●A— Aim. ●S— Squeeze. ●S— Sweep.”可知正确的顺序是：④拉开销门→②瞄准火源→①挤压把手→③扫动火焰。故选D。 24．细节理解题。根据“Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire.”可知当我们无法灭火时，我们应该立即离开火区。故选C。 25．推理判断题。文章内容涉及生存技能，想要了解求生技能的中学生可能对此更感兴趣。故选B。 第二节 阅读还原6选5(共5小题，每小题2分) 阅读下面短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。 请阅读全文，并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Growing food in small spaces can be fun, you just need a little sunshine and some imagination. 26 When planning a vegetable garden, being able to quickly try out different planting styles can save a huge amount of time and help you grow healthier plants which produce more food even in a small balcony (阳台). Plant Supports. You can make better use of every square inch to grow upright crops. Pole beans can produce twice as many beans as bush ones. 27 Tomatoes need some type of support to keep them above the wet ground. The most successful support allows more leaves to reach the sun and it must be strong enough to hold its plants. 28 How Plants Climb 29 For example, tomatoes like to throw themselves over their support. They always let their branches develop roots (根) in places that touch the ground. Peas and cucumber-family crops will twist around their support. When they hold together, they grow strongly upward. Recycled Containers Use your imagination to select containers for plants—just make holes in the bottom for drying liquid. 30 Make your own pots with them because they are great for deep-rooting plants like beans. A．Any space. Any style. B．Any other trees make excellent supports for beans. C．With the support, all plants are easier to pick from. D．Crops like cucumbers can also double the total amounts. E．It’s a good idea to use old clear and long plastic bottles or toilet tissue tubes. F．Plants that have advantages from the support use different kinds of methods to hold together. 【答案】 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．F 30．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在狭小的空间打造一个微型菜园。 26．根据下文“When planning a vegetable garden, being able to quickly try out different planting styles can save a huge amount of time and help you grow healthier plants which produce more food even in a small balcony.”和“Use your imagination to select containers for plants...”可知，下文提到当计划打造一个菜园时，不同的种植方式可以节省时间并会让植物健康生长，小阳台也能产出很多食物，用你的想象力为植物选择容器，可推测此处是过渡句，与植物的生长地方和种植方式有关，A选项“任何地方。任何方式。”符合语境。故选A。 27．根据上文“You can make better use of every square inch to grow upright crops.”和第三段所介绍的植物可知，上文说可以利用一平方英寸的地方种植直立作物，且后面介绍了秆豆，西红柿，可推测此处是介绍一种直立生长的植物，D选项“黄瓜等作物也可以使总产量增加一倍。”符合语境。故选D。 28．根据上文“The most successful support allows more leaves to reach the sun and it must be strong enough to hold its plants.”可知，上文提到最好的支架可以让植物受阳光照射均匀并且一定要很结实，可推测此处是说支架的好处，C选项“有了支架，所有的植物都更容易采摘。”符合语境。故选C。 29．根据上文“How Plants Climb”和下文的例子可知，上文提到植物如何攀爬，下文提到西红柿，豆子和黄瓜的攀爬方式，可推测此处为此段的总起句，与植物的攀爬方式有关，F选项“从支撑中获得优势的植物使用不同的方法来固定在一起。”符合语境。故选F。 第三节 阅读匹配 (共5小题，每小题1.5分) 31 Mike has just bought a new car. However, he knows little about how to do if he meets a car accident. 32 The fire that happened in Australia was terrible. Jean wants to know what to do when she meets the fire. 33 Linda will study in Taiwan for three years. It is said that typhoons usually come in Taiwan during the summer. She wants to get some suggestions. 34 A big earthquake hit Japan last month. Jim is a university student from England. He feels afraid. 35 It is snowing heavily, but George has to go to the train station to meet his uncle. What should he pay attention to? A．Before a typhoon comes, you should prepare bottled water, canned goods, and noodles because many stores may be closed. Flashlights and candles are necessary, too. When the typhoon comes, you must stay indoors. B．If you think a flood is coming, don’t be panic! Move valuable and other items to safety. Place them above the water level or upstairs. Move your car to high ground if possible. Protect yourself, your family and others that need your help. C． Over 6.3 million police-reported motor vehicle crashes occurred in the United States in 1998. Almost one third of these accidents resulted in injury. In 2001, nearly 42,000 people died on America’s roadways. Clearly, accidents are a part of American life. D．If you are in a traffic accident, try to follow these steps. First move your car to the side of the road and turn on hazard lights. Then exchange all the information about the cars and the drivers. At last, call the police. E. Get under a heavy table or desk and hold on. If there are no tables, get under or down between rows of chairs or against inner walls. Keep away from windows. If you are in a car, slow down carefully. Don’t stop on or under bridges.   F. In such bad weather, avoid traveling if possible. If you must drive, check the Highway Code for advice on driving in icy and snowy weather. Take care and slow down. G. It’s important to stay low to the ground and near a window. Use a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth. You should get outside through the quickest and easiest escape route and call the fire police. 【答案】 31．D 32．G 33．A 34．E 35．F 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些在灾难中保护自己的方法。 31．根据“However, he knows little about how to do if he meets a car accident.”可知Mike不知道遇到车祸了如何做，D项“如果你遇到交通事故，试着遵循这些步骤。首先把你的车开到路边，打开危险灯。然后交换所有关于汽车和司机的信息。最后，打电话给警察。”与之相匹配。故选D。 32．根据“Jean wants to know what to do when she meets the fire.”可知Jean想要知道遇到火灾该怎么做，G项“保持离地面较低并靠近窗户很重要。用湿毛巾捂住口鼻。你应该走最快、最容易的逃生路线，然后报警。”与之相匹配。故选G。 33．根据“It is said that typhoons usually come in Taiwan during the summer. She wants to get some suggestions.”可知Linda想要知道如何应对台风天气，A项“在台风来临之前，你应该准备好瓶装水、罐头食品和面条，因为许多商店可能会关门。手电筒和蜡烛也是必要的。当台风来临时，你必须待在室内。”与之相匹配。故选A。 34．根据“A big earthquake hit Japan last month. Jim is a university student from England. He feels afraid.”可知Jim需要了解关于地震中自救的信息，E项“躲到沉重的桌子或书桌下面，抓住不放。如果没有桌子，就躲在几排椅子下面或椅子中间，或者靠着内墙。远离窗户。如果你在车里，小心减速。不要在桥上或桥下停车。”与之相匹配。故选E。 35．根据“It is snowing heavily, but George has to go to the train station to meet his uncle. What should he pay attention to?”可知George想要了解大雪天出行该注意什么，F项“在这样的坏天气里，尽可能避免旅行。如果你必须开车，请查阅公路规则，了解在冰雪天气下驾驶的建议。小心，慢下来。”与之相匹配。故选F。 三、短文填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A hurricane (飓风) is a huge storm that forms over warm ocean water. Hurricanes have winds that move in a circle. Hurricane winds are very powerful (强大的) and can move at speeds from 120 km/h 36 over 300 km/h. The centre of hurricane winds 37 (call) the eye. Winds in the eye are not very strong. Around the eye is an area called the eye wall, the wall is where winds are 38 (strong) and rain is the heaviest.         Strong winds and heavy rain can 39 (do) a lot of damage (破坏) when a hurricane moves overland. Hurricane winds can be strong enough 40 (break) windows into pieces. The winds can even knock over tall 41 (tree), which might fall on buildings or cars. Strong winds can pick up objects and send 42 (they) into the air, with causing damage. Heavy rain from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close to a coast. The floodwater can be very deep. It sometimes 43 (reach) almost up to the top of houses. Water goes into the houses 44 (quick) and does a lot of damage. Wooden structures (结构) might not be safe after a flood. 45 there is no way to stop a hurricane, you can get prepared for it. 【答案】 36．to 37．is called 38．the strongest 39．do 40．to break 41．trees 42．them 43．reaches 44．quickly 45．Although/Though 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍飓风的相关内容。 36．句意：飓风的风力非常强大，风速可以从每小时120公里到每小时300多公里。根据“from 120 km/h...over 300 km/h.”可知，此处考查短语from...to...“从……到……”，固定短语。故填to。 37．句意：飓风的中心称为飓风眼。“The centre of hurricane winds”和“call”之间是被动关系，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语属于第三人称单数形式，所以be动词用is，call变成called，故填is called。 38．句意：眼睛周围是一个叫做眼壁的区域，眼壁是风最强、雨最多的地方。根据“rain is the heaviest”可知，and连接并列成分，所以空处也用strong的最高级作表语，the和最高级连用，故填the strongest。 39．句意：当飓风经过陆地时，强风和暴雨会造成很大的破坏。情态动词can后跟动词原形，故填do。 40．句意：飓风的威力足以把窗户吹成碎片。be+adj.+enough to do sth.“足够……能做某事”，不定式作结果状语，故填to break。 41．句意：风甚至可以吹倒高大的树木，它们可能会倒在建筑物或汽车上。根据“which might fall on buildings or cars”可知，此处的名词应用复数形式表泛指，故填trees。 42．句意：强风能卷起物体并把它们吹到空中，造成破坏。send是动词，所以填they的宾格形式作宾语。故填them。 43．句意：它有时几乎到达了屋顶。reach“到达”，时态是一般现在时，it作主语，谓语动词用三单形式，故填reaches。 44．句意：水很快进入房，造成了很大的破坏。空处修饰动词短语“goes into”，所以应用副词，quick的副词形式是quickly。故填quickly。 45．句意：虽然没有办法阻止飓风，但你可以为它做好准备。“there is no way to stop a hurricane”和“you can get prepared for it.”两句之间是让步关系，所以用although/though引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。 四、书面表达(15分) 深圳市南山区的大南山近期发生了火灾，你们学校的校刊想就此事件写一篇报道。请你帮校刊写这篇报道，介绍该事件的情况，并就中学生们需如何应对自然灾害提出建议。 要点∶ 1.事件发生的时间和地点∶2021年1月21日，南山区； 2.事件发生的起因∶因长时间没有下雨，干燥的天气引发了山林火灾； 3.事件发生的经过∶19辆消防车，10支救援队伍，赶赴现场扑灭大火，没有人员伤亡； 4.在日常生活中，如果我们碰到自然灾害，如山火、台风、地震，需要怎么应对（给出至少两点建议）。 要求∶ 1.条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确； 2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名； 3.80词以上，短文的标题已给出，不计入词数。 参考词汇∶救援队伍 rescuing team  n.  南山区 Nanshan Districtn. Forest Fire in Shenzhen ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Forest Fire in Shenzhen On January 21,2021, a fire occurred in Nanshan District. The study found that the dry weather caused a forest fire because there was no rain for a long time. Nineteen fire engines and 10 rescuing teams rushed to the scene to put out the fire, with no casualties. If there is a fire, what should you do? When a fire happens, you should call 119 for help first. Second, it’s important to turn off the gas and lights. Third, be careful of the smoke. Cover your face with wet cloth. Last, you mustn’t run into the room. Please get away from the building quickly. Follow the advice you can protect yourself in a fire. 【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇火灾报道。按照所给中文提示，介绍深圳市南山区的大南山近期发生了火灾的情况，并就中学生们需如何应对自然灾害提出建议。写作要点必须包括：事件发生的时间和地点；事件发生的起因；事件发生的经过；以及在日常生活中，如果我们碰到自然灾害，如山火、台风、地震，需要怎么应对，至少给出两条建议。 2.写作指导：本文以一般过去时表述该火灾的基本情况；以一般现在时表述我们碰到自然灾害，如山火、台风、地震时，需要怎么应对，至少给出两条建议；人称代词主要采用第一人称和第三人称进行写作，要确保要点齐全，句子通顺。 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Natural disasters (B卷·培优卷） （时间：70分钟，满分：75分） 一、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 This is a story about a storm in Moscow. It happened two and a half years ago. It was my first time to see such a 1 storm. It was a sunny day in July, and I was at home watching TV. The window was open because the weather was so 2 . Suddenly, I felt a strong wind from outside. I looked out of the window and saw a black sky and trees 3 over because of the strong wind. I tried to 4 the window, but the wind made me fall down. I was afraid that the glass might break. I stood up and tried to close the window again. 5 , I made it. Then I looked outside. I found that the big tree in front of my house was going to fall to the ground and its 6 had broken off. There was frequent thunder and lightning. I started to 7 all the appliances (电器）as quickly as possible. After a while, the wind stopped, but it began to hail (下冰雹). After about ten minutes, everything stopped, and the Sun came out again. How 8 the weather is! A few minutes later, the phone began to ring. It was my friend. We asked each other how it was and how we felt after the storm. In the streets, many trees died because of the 9 . For a few days, people helped clean parks and gardens. Some people’s cars were damaged by trees’ falling on them. The 10 tells me that in the face of natural disasters, human beings are insignificant (微不足道的).We can’t stop them, but we must protect ourselves from them. 1．A．terrible B．lively C．gentle D．common 2．A．cold B．hot C．bad D．foggy 3．A．come B．taken C．blown D．run 4．A．break B．brush C．choose D．close 5．A．Luckily B．Recently C．Loudly D．Probably 6．A．patterns B．branches C．tools D．signs 7．A．switch off B．turn on C．turn down D．pick up 8．A．hard B．popular C．colorful D．strange 9．A．trick B．accident C．storm D．habit 10．A．expression B．experience C．challenge D．exchange 二、阅读理解(40分) 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题1.5分) A On Saturday, an underwater volcano（火山）in Tonga erupted（爆发）in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific ocean, home to about 105, 000 people. The volcano, known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, is located off the coast of Tonga. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent lots of gas, ash（灰烬）and stones 12 miles into the sky.     It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. Experts say it’s not yet clear whether the cable was broken during the event or simply lost power.     A four-foot wave hit the capital, Nuku’alofa. People in low-lying areas were forced to go to higher ground. There are reports of serious damage in Tonga. Many houses near the shore were flooded. At present, the biggest danger is probably from the smoke and ash from the volcano that has covered much of Tonga. The ash makes the air dangerous to breathe, and it is believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water.     New Zealand and Australia have sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams will use airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. The large cloud of ash high above Tonga is making it impossible to get a good picture of what’s happening in the area from high in the air. 11．What information can we get about the volcano in paragraph 1? A．It is underwater and in an island nation. B．More than 105, 000 people live next to it. C．It’s quite far away from the South Pacific Ocean. D．It’s under the ocean and sent stones into the water. 12．What does the underlined expression “knocked out” mean? A．changed B．improved C．destroyed D．brought 13．Which of the following can we infer（推断）from paragraph 3? A．The ash from the volcano has covered much of Tonga. B．The ash makes the air in Tonga dangerous to breathe. C．Houses in low-lying areas were completely damaged. D．People in Tonga will be short of clean drinking water. 14．Why is it hard for the teams to know exactly what’s happening in the area? A．There is still a lot of ash in the air above Tonga. B．The airplanes cannot take off because of the ash. C．The teams don’t know how to take a good picture. D．The clouds in the sky stop the teams seeing clearly. 15．Where can we probably read this article? A．In a comic book. B．In a newspaper. C．In a science fiction. D．In a fashion magazine. B After a serious earthquake happened, a father left his wife safely at home and rushed to his son’s school, only to find that the building where his son studied had collapsed and looked like a pancake. He was shocked. He didn’t know what he should do for a while, then he remembered the words he had said to his son, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!” And tears began to fill his eyes. He started digging through the ruins（废墟）. As he was digging, other helpless parents and the firemen arrived and tried to pull him off the ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They’re all dead! There’s nothing you can do!” To them he replied with one line,“Are you going to help me now?” And then he kept on digging. No one helped, however. He went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or is he dead?” He dug for eight hours... 12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then, in the 39th hour, he pulled back a rock and heard his son’s words. He shouted his son’s name, “ARMAND!”He heard back, “Dad!?! It’s me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, you’d save me and when you saved me, they would be saved. You promised, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!’ You did it, Dad!” “What’s going on there? How is it?” the father asked. “There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad. We’re frightened, hungry, thirsty and thankful you’re here. When the building fell down, it made a triangle（三角）, and it saved us.” “Come out, boy!” “No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you’ll get me! No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!” 16．The underlined word “collapsed” probably means “________”. A．broke down B．shook away C．stood by D．fell into 17．Who came to help the father when he was digging? A．His wife. B．Other parents. C．The firemen. D．No one. 18．Other parents and the firemen wanted to pull him off the ruins because they thought ________. A．he was mad. B．all the children had died in the earthquake. C．he was too dangerous to others. D．it was not his job to dig. 19．How many students were already dead when the father found them in the ruins? A．Fourteen. B．Thirty-three. C．Forty-seven. D．Nineteen. 20．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．it took the father one day to find his son and other students. B．his wife died in the earthquake. C．his son was the last one to come out of the ruins. D．the son didn’t believe his father would come to save him. C We should all have at least one fire extinguisher (灭火器) somewhere in our house or office building. However, it’s not enough to simply keep an extinguisher somewhere. The best way to be ready for a fire is to study this guide carefully and go over it often.{1} Have a clear exit route (路线) Before operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is out.{2} Call the fire department (消防部门) Even if the fire seems manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once the firemen arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.{3} stand back Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the fire as you prepare to operate the fire extinguisher.{4} Operate the extinguisher It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to operate an extinguisher is to remember the four steps of “PASS” progress (过程). ●P— Pull. ●A— Aim. ●S— Squeeze. ●S— Sweep. {5} Keep an eye on things After the fire seems to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn't start burning again. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.{6} Get to a safe place Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire. 21．By writing this guide, the writer mainly wants to ________. A．show us how to prevent a fire B．tell us what to do when there is a fire C．teach us how to use a fire extinguisher D．share with us his experience of putting out a fire 22．We should call the fire department even if the fire seems manageable because the firemen can help us make sure ________. A．there is a safe exit route B．the fire extinguisher is still useful C．the fire has been completely put out D．everyone has left the fire scene safely 23．The following pictures show the four steps of the “PASS” process. Which is their correct order? A．①②③④ B．④①③② C．②③④① D．④②①③ 24．When we are unable to put out the fire, we should ________. A．try putting out the fire again B．ask family or friends for help C．leave the fire area at once D．work out our loss in the fire 25．Who may be the most interested in reading the passage? A．A college student who is interested in the machine design. B．A middle school student who wants to know about survival skills. C．A teacher who would like to make a speech about environmental protection. D．A primary school student who knows nothing about the danger of playing with fire. 第二节 阅读还原6选5(共5小题，每小题2分) 阅读下面短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。 请阅读全文，并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Growing food in small spaces can be fun, you just need a little sunshine and some imagination. 26 When planning a vegetable garden, being able to quickly try out different planting styles can save a huge amount of time and help you grow healthier plants which produce more food even in a small balcony (阳台). Plant Supports. You can make better use of every square inch to grow upright crops. Pole beans can produce twice as many beans as bush ones. 27 Tomatoes need some type of support to keep them above the wet ground. The most successful support allows more leaves to reach the sun and it must be strong enough to hold its plants. 28 How Plants Climb 29 For example, tomatoes like to throw themselves over their support. They always let their branches develop roots (根) in places that touch the ground. Peas and cucumber-family crops will twist around their support. When they hold together, they grow strongly upward. Recycled Containers Use your imagination to select containers for plants—just make holes in the bottom for drying liquid. 30 Make your own pots with them because they are great for deep-rooting plants like beans. A．Any space. Any style. B．Any other trees make excellent supports for beans. C．With the support, all plants are easier to pick from. D．Crops like cucumbers can also double the total amounts. E．It’s a good idea to use old clear and long plastic bottles or toilet tissue tubes. F．Plants that have advantages from the support use different kinds of methods to hold together. 第三节 阅读匹配 (共5小题，每小题1.5分) 31 Mike has just bought a new car. However, he knows little about how to do if he meets a car accident. 32 The fire that happened in Australia was terrible. Jean wants to know what to do when she meets the fire. 33 Linda will study in Taiwan for three years. It is said that typhoons usually come in Taiwan during the summer. She wants to get some suggestions. 34 A big earthquake hit Japan last month. Jim is a university student from England. He feels afraid. 35 It is snowing heavily, but George has to go to the train station to meet his uncle. What should he pay attention to? A．Before a typhoon comes, you should prepare bottled water, canned goods, and noodles because many stores may be closed. Flashlights and candles are necessary, too. When the typhoon comes, you must stay indoors. B．If you think a flood is coming, don’t be panic! Move valuable and other items to safety. Place them above the water level or upstairs. Move your car to high ground if possible. Protect yourself, your family and others that need your help. C． Over 6.3 million police-reported motor vehicle crashes occurred in the United States in 1998. Almost one third of these accidents resulted in injury. In 2001, nearly 42,000 people died on America’s roadways. Clearly, accidents are a part of American life. D．If you are in a traffic accident, try to follow these steps. First move your car to the side of the road and turn on hazard lights. Then exchange all the information about the cars and the drivers. At last, call the police. E. Get under a heavy table or desk and hold on. If there are no tables, get under or down between rows of chairs or against inner walls. Keep away from windows. If you are in a car, slow down carefully. Don’t stop on or under bridges.   F. In such bad weather, avoid traveling if possible. If you must drive, check the Highway Code for advice on driving in icy and snowy weather. Take care and slow down. G. It’s important to stay low to the ground and near a window. Use a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth. You should get outside through the quickest and easiest escape route and call the fire police. 三、短文填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A hurricane (飓风) is a huge storm that forms over warm ocean water. Hurricanes have winds that move in a circle. Hurricane winds are very powerful (强大的) and can move at speeds from 120 km/h 36 over 300 km/h. The centre of hurricane winds 37 (call) the eye. Winds in the eye are not very strong. Around the eye is an area called the eye wall, the wall is where winds are 38 (strong) and rain is the heaviest.         Strong winds and heavy rain can 39 (do) a lot of damage (破坏) when a hurricane moves overland. Hurricane winds can be strong enough 40 (break) windows into pieces. The winds can even knock over tall 41 (tree), which might fall on buildings or cars. Strong winds can pick up objects and send 42 (they) into the air, with causing damage. Heavy rain from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close to a coast. The floodwater can be very deep. It sometimes 43 (reach) almost up to the top of houses. Water goes into the houses 44 (quick) and does a lot of damage. Wooden structures (结构) might not be safe after a flood. 45 there is no way to stop a hurricane, you can get prepared for it. 四、书面表达(15分) 深圳市南山区的大南山近期发生了火灾，你们学校的校刊想就此事件写一篇报道。请你帮校刊写这篇报道，介绍该事件的情况，并就中学生们需如何应对自然灾害提出建议。 要点∶ 1.事件发生的时间和地点∶2021年1月21日，南山区； 2.事件发生的起因∶因长时间没有下雨，干燥的天气引发了山林火灾； 3.事件发生的经过∶19辆消防车，10支救援队伍，赶赴现场扑灭大火，没有人员伤亡； 4.在日常生活中，如果我们碰到自然灾害，如山火、台风、地震，需要怎么应对（给出至少两点建议）。 要求∶ 1.条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确； 2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名； 3.80词以上，短文的标题已给出，不计入词数。 参考词汇∶救援队伍 rescuing team  n.  南山区 Nanshan Districtn. Forest Fire in Shenzhen ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$