Unit 8 知识点整理与练习 -2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

Unit 8 知识点整理与练习 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit 【知识梳理1】I was sleeping when it started to rain.天开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。 1. start to do sth.的意思是“开始做某事”，相当于 begin to do sth。 start doing sth.开始做某事，一般可以和start to do sth.互换，区别如下： (1)当我们谈论一项长期的或习惯性的活动时，用start doing sth.较多。 (2)进行时中一般用start to do sth.。 (3)在start之后有表示感情或思想（如：understand. realize等）的动词时，一般用start to do sth.。 (4)当主语是无生命的事物不是人时，要用不定式。 The ice started ___________(melt). 答案: to melt 2. was sleeping是过去进行时。过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。此句中when引导时间状语从句。 [巩固练习] (1) 昨天的这个时候，丹尼尔和他的朋友们正在操场上打篮球。 ________________________________________________________ (2) 昨天我爸爸到家的时候，我妈妈正在做饭。 ________________________________________________________ [典型例题] (1).—It was Grandma’s call. Why didn’t you answer it? —Sorry, Dad. I ________ my bicycle in the garden. A. am repairing B. was repairing C. repair D. repaired (2).—What do you plan to do in the coming new year? —Sorry, but what did you say? I ________ about something else. A. think B. thought C.am thinking D. was thinking (3).—Why didn’t you open the door for me? —Sorry. I ________ a football match and didn’t hear you. A. watched B. was watching C. will watch D. am watching (4).—Andy, I called you at 4:00 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer it. —Sorry. I ________ my bedroom. A. tidy up B. will tidy up C.am tidying up D. was tidying up (5).—Did you see Miss Li just now? —Yes. But she ________ someone, so I nodded to her and went away. A. phones B. is phoning C. was phoning D. will phone (6).—Jim, I came to your classroom yesterday afternoon, but I didn’t see you. —Oh, I ________ running for the coming sports meeting at the playground the whole afternoon. A. practiced B. practice C. was practicing D. am practicing (7). Last night, I ________ along the street when I met my English teacher. A. walk B. was walking C. am walking D. walked (8). —Did you watch the football match yesterday? —Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________in the match. A. is playing B. will play C. has played D. was playing 答案: BDBDCCBD 【知识梳理2】Didn't you hear the rain?难道你没有听见下雨（的声音）吗？ 该句为否定疑问句。否定疑问句的构成及用法如下： 否定疑问句即否定形式的疑问句，汉语中常译作“难道……不……吗？”。 对否定疑问句的回答，要根据实际情况来回答。 —Isn’t the boy very clever? 这个男孩难道不是很聪明吗？ —Yes, he is. 不，他很聪明。 —No, he isn’t. 是的，他不是很聪明 其中的“Yes，he is.”实为“Yes，he is very clever.”的省略形式；而“No，he isn't.”则为“No，he isn't very clever.”的省略形式，所以其中的“Yes”和“No”与汉语的翻译不一致。但我们不说“No，he is.”或“Yes，he isn't.”，因为不符合英语中的表达习惯。在英语中Yes后习惯上要用肯定式，而No的后面则习惯上要跟否定式。 [巩固练习] (1) 难道你不怕大狗吗？ ___________________________________________ (2) 难道你不知道应该按时到校吗？ ___________________________________________ [典型例题] (1).—Don’t you know him? —_______. I never see him. A. Yes, I do B. No, I do C. Yes, I don’t D. No, I don’t (2). Mary has few friends in China, _________? A. has she B. doesn’t she C. does she D. hasn’t she (3). Don’t watch too much TV, _________? A. will you B. won’t you C. shall we D. do you 答案: DCA 【知识梳理3】Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?如果你不和我回家，谁用拖把把水拖干呢？ 1.mop up意思为“拖干净”，动词加up一般表示此动作的完成。比如：eat up 吃光，吃完 2.without作介词，意为“没有，不”，后接名词，代词或者动词ing形式作宾语 [巩固练习] (1) 我喜欢不加奶的咖啡。 ___________________________________________ (2) 没有太阳，万物都无法生长。 ___________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). The floor is very dirty. Will you please ________? A. to mop up it B. mop up it C. to mop it up D. mop it up (2). The floor was quite wet, and my teacher told us________ quickly. A. to mop up it B. mopped it up C. to mop it up D. mop it (3). The floor is all wet. I ‘m going to ________ after lunch. A. mop up it B. mop up them C. mop it up D. mop them up (4). The suffix “-less” in the word “careless” means ________. A. full of B. out of C. with D. without (5). If we want to keep healthy, we should eat more vegetables ________ too much meat. A. instead B. without C. instead of D. with (6). The suffix “-less” in the word “helpless” means ________. A. full of B. out of C. with D. without (7). —Reading is a good way to pass the time on the high-speed railway! —________. I never go travelling without a book. A. You are joking B. Sounds good C.I don’t think so D. That’s true 答案: DCCDCDD 【知识梳理4】Earthquake kills thousands of people.地震杀死了成千上万的人。 thousand常和具体数字连用，但不管几千，thousand只能用单数形式。 thousands of意为“成千上万”，后接复数名词，不能和具体数字连用，但可以和many等连用。 three thousand students 三千名学生 thousands of students 成千上万的学生 Thousands of the students study English at school.成千上万的学生在学校里学习英语。 There are thousands of ducks on the lake now.现在湖面有成千上万的鸭子。 [巩固练习] (1).成千上万的人去机场迎接那位明星。 ___________________________________________________ (2).大厅里约有两千人。 ___________________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). —The great leader Jiang Zemin died in Shanghai, on November 31, 2022. —I’m sorry to hear that. I think ________ people will remember him all the time. A. thousand of B. thousands of C. ten thousands D. ten thousand of (2). Shijiu Lake is the largest lake in Nanjing. It is home to ________ birds. A. thousand of B. many thousand C. thousands of D. thousands (3).—Yuan Longping passed away（去世）in Changsha, Hunan Province on May 22,2021. 一I’m sorry to hear that. I think ________ people will remember him forever . A. thousands of B. thousand of C. two thousand of D. two thousands (4). There are ________ people here watching the football match and ________ of them are students from Kaiming Middle School. A. thousands of; two hundred B. thousands of; two hundreds C. thousand of; two hundreds D. thousand of; two hundred (5)._______trees will be planted on that mountain next spring. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Two thousand of D. Thousand of (6). There are _________visitors to the wetland park, and the number is becoming________ now. A. thousand of; larger and larger B. thousands of; more and more C. thousands of; larger and larger D. thousand of; more and more 答案: BCAAAC 【知识梳理5】Flood washes away villages.洪水冲走了村庄。 wash作不及物动词，意思为“洗涤，冲掉”，常用结构wash sth. for sb. [巩固练习] (1).这个女孩正在给自己洗衣服。 ______________________________________________ (2).这个小女孩正在洗脸。 ______________________________________________ 【拓展】 如果表达某物好洗，可用wash well，用主动语态表达被动含义。 I like this silk dress because it washes very well. 我喜欢这件丝质连衣裙，因为它好洗。 [典型例题] (1). —Dad, how about planting some trees in our yard? —Good idea! Trees can ________ the water from washing the earth away. A. protect B. provide C. prevent D. prepare (2). The flood ________ many houses in the village. A. put away B. kept away C. washed away D. went away (3). There was a rainstorm yesterday. The flood ________ the old bridge over the small river. A. washed away B. went away C. kept away D. put away (4). The flood ________ the old bridge over the small river. You can’t get to the other side now. A. put away B. kept away C. washed away D. moved away 答案: CCAC 【知识梳理6】Did you hear about the fire at a school in the UK last week?你听说上周英国一所学校里面的火灾了吗？ hear about相当于hear of，意思为“听说”。类似短语还有“hear from”,意思为“收到......的来信”。 [巩固练习] (1) 我从来都没有听说过那个地方。 _____________________________________________ (2) 我上周收到了哥哥的来信。 _____________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). The old woman looks very happy because her family members ________ her very much and look after her very well. A. worry about B. hear about C. talk about D. care about (2).—________ do you hear from your online friend? —Once a month. A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long 答案: DA Reading 【知识梳理1】People screamed in fear. 人们在恐慌中尖叫。 此处fear在句中作名词，意思是“恐惧，害怕，担忧”，in fear意思为“恐惧地”，在句中做状语。 [巩固练习] (1) 他看到蜘蛛就害怕地跑掉了。 _______________________________________________________ (2) 昨天晚上当他们听到那个奇怪的响声时，他们惊恐地看着我。 _______________________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). A moment of fear went _________ my mind when I found I was trapped. A. across B. through C. along D. over (2).—Did you hear the scream ________ the girl? —Yes. When I arrived there, I found her looking at the mouse ________ fear. A. from; in B. at; with C. from; with D. in; in (3). I screamed ________ when I saw the ________ man in my room. A. with fear; died B.in fear; died C.in fear; dead D. with fear; dead (4).When the flood was washing the village, people screamed ________ and ran _________ all directions. A. in fear, with B. with fear, in C. with fear , with D. in fear, in 答案: BADD 【知识梳理2】Some ran out of the building. 一些人从建筑物里跑出来。 run out意为“跑出”，run out of...意为“从....跑出去。” [巩固练习] (1) 当我站在那里的时候，一个男孩从房子里跑了出来。 ______________________________________________________ (2) 一只老鼠从黑暗的山洞里跑出去了。 ______________________________________________________ [典型例题] (1).—Our gas ________. How far are we from there? —Don’t worry. There are only a few kilometers to go. A. is run out B. has run out C. is run out of D. is running out (2).—The oil on the Earth will ________ one day. — I think so. We should make good use of it. A. find out B. take out C. run out D. give out (3). If there is a big fire in a house, you’d better run out of the house ________. A.as quick as possible B.as quick as can C.as quickly as can D.as quickly as possible 答案: DCD 【知识梳理3】I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. 我也尽力跑出去，但我没能跑出去。 try one’s best to do sth,意思为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，相当于“do one’s best to do sth.” [巩固练习] (1) 我们应该尽自己最大的努力学好英语。 ______________________________________________ (2) 或许你会失败，但是你必须全力以赴！ ______________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). Please be friendly and ________ try your best to help people. A. never B. hardly C. always D. ever (2).—I’ve tried my best, but I still failed. —Don’t lose heart. You should learn to ________ the result and keep trying. A. accept B. receive C. record D. prevent (3).—I missed the football match final between France and Argentina yesterday evening. —________! But you can watch the re-play (重播) tonight. A. Hurry up B. What a pity C. Try your best D. I don’t think so (4). Life is like a story. ________ your story wonderful, you’d better try your best all the time. A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made 答案: CABB 【知识梳理4】People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.当一块块的玻璃和砖块掉下来的时候，人们向四面八方跑去。 1. direction是名词，意思为“方向”。“in all directions”意为“四面八方”。 [巩固练习] (1) 你的房间面向哪个方向？ _________________________________________________ (2) 一群马正在向四面八方跑去。 _________________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). Scared by the loud noise, the rabbit ran off________ all directions. A. on B. at C. in D. by (2).When the earthquake came, people ran off_________. A. in danger B. in trouble C. in direction D. in all directions (3). When the Manchester City terrorist attack happened on May 22nd, people were so afraid that they ran ________. A. in all directions B. in the direction C. for the directions D. to the direction (4).“Weekday” is a compound word. Which of the following is another compound word? A. hopeless B. direction C. uncomfortable D. gentleman (5). When the game started, the children ran in all ________ to hide themselves. A. designs B. degrees C. directions D. disasters (6).—I have got a new Huawei P50, but I don’t know how to use it. —It doesn’t matter. Just follow the ________. A. instruction B. direction C. advertisement D. information (7). My father is a good driver. He has a good ________ of direction. A. taste B. sense C. interest D. way 答案: CDADCAB 2. while作连词，意为“当.....的时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句的谓语应该用延续性动词或者表示状态的词，强调主从句的动作同时发生或者主句动作在从句动作持续过程中的某一时刻发生。 [巩固练习] (1) 我在公园散步时遇到了安妮。 ________________________________________________ (2) 玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。 ________________________________________________ [拓展] while/when/as引导时间状语从句的区别 while：引导的从句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词，常用于进行时态。 when：引导的从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，主句与从句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 as：引导的时间状语从句既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，表示“一边...一边...” [巩固练习] (1) 他们到达时正下着大雨。 ________________________________________________ (2) 你会随着年龄的增长变得聪明。 ________________________________________________ (3) 用所给动词的适当形式填空 While l was reading the newspaper, my mother_________ (wash) the dishes. (4).—I’m going to the supermarket. —________ you’re there, can you get me some milk? A. Though B. Unless C. Until D. While 答案: was washing D 【知识梳理5】Then the walls began to come down, too! 然后墙也开始坍塌了! come down在句中意为“倒塌”,它是由“动词+副词”构成的短语,相当于不及物动词。 例：这座桥何时倒塌的? _______________________________________________ 【拓展】come down还可意为“(雨、雪等)降下，(飞机)降落,(价格)下降”。 (1).The rain comes down in torrents.大雨倾盆。 (2).We were forced to come down in the field. 我们被迫降落在一块地里。 (3).Petroleum is coming down in price. 石油正在降价。 [典型例题] (1). You’d better ________ all the main language points in your notebook so that you can go over them after class. A. turn down B. write down C. cut down D. come down (2). We need to ________ first if we are in danger. A. calm down B. come down C. get down D. write down (3).—What should I do when the flood happens, Dad? —It’s important to ________ first and then get to high ground and stay there. A. come down B. put down C. calm down D. fall down (4).—Oh dear, how can I finish the task in such a short time? —You need to ________, and then make a plan first. A. come down B. calm down C. get down D. slow down (5).—Pass me a pen please, Amy. I need to ________ a phone number. —Here you are, Mary. A. break down B. write down C. cut down D. come down 答案: BACBB 【知识梳理6】I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我根本什么也看不见，也不知道我附近是否还有其他人。 not at all意为“根本不,完全不”,at all放在句尾用于加强否定语气。 【拓展】 ①I don’t like the teacher at all. 我一点也不喜欢这个老师。 【not ... at all 一点也不，根本不= not... a bit】 ② I don’t like the teacher a little. 我非常喜欢这个老师。（不是一点点喜欢） 【not ... a little 非常，很多】 ③ A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 B：Not at all. 不客气。 【Not at all. 含义很多：不用谢；不客气；没什么；没关系等】 [巩固练习] (1). 他根本不理解我说的话。 ____________________________________________________ (2). 从那以后,我根本不知道我叔叔的消息 ____________________________________________________ (3). I cannot do anything on rainy days. I_______ do_______ on rainy days. 答案: can; nothing [典型例题] (1).—Shall we go to the South Lake Park this weekend? —_________ We can have great fun there. A. Not at all. B. That’s all right. C. Why not? D. I’m not sure. (2).—Can you tell me how to make a paper flower? —________. A. No way B. Not at all C. That’s all right D. No problem (3).—So you missed the meeting this morning? —_________. I got there five minutes before it finished. A. No way B. No problem C. Not exactly D. Not at all (4).—Do you mind if I turn the television on? — ________. I am not working now. A. No, not in the least B. No, you’d better not C. Yes, not at all D. Of course, go ahead 答案: CDCA 【知识梳理7】I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我不知道我的附近是否有其它任何人。 ①if 意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句，放在动词后，从句时态该用什么时态就用何种时态。 ②if 意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，当主句是将来时，从句用一班现在时。 [巩固练习] I don’t know if he __________( come) back tomorrow. If he __________( come) back tomorrow, I will call you. 答案: will come comes 【知识梳理8】A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.片刻的恐惧占据了我的大脑，但是我告诉自已要冷静，因为我还活着。 1. through 的用法： through做介词,意为“穿过”,其含义与in 有关,表示动作发生在立体空间内,指从物体内部穿过，如门、窗、洞、森林、隧道等。 [巩固练习] (1).穿越丛林的旅行充满了危险。 _________________________________________________ (2).阳光透过窗户进入房间。 _________________________________________________ 【拓展】 through,表示从物体内部穿过，多指穿过门、窗、洞、森林、隧道等。 over表示从物体上方越过。 across表示从物体的表面穿过，多指穿过街道、马路，河等。 2. mind的用法 mind做名词,意为"头脑:想法;精神”。 我的脑海中出现了一个想法。____________________________________ mind 做动词,意为“介意”,后接名词、动名词或从句等,但不能接不定式。 你介意我打开门吗?_______________________________ 你介意我在这吸烟吗?_____________________________ 【固定搭配】： keep in mind记住 change one’s mind改变某人的主意 never mind没关系 make up one's mind下决心 He changed his mind and didn't go there.他改变主意,决定不去那儿了。 He has made up his mind to go there.他已经下定决心去那里了。 3. calm down的用法 calm down为固定短语,意为“冷静,使...冷静/平静"。calm sb down意思为让...冷静。 [巩固练习] (1).冷静点!没有什么好担心的。 ____________________________________________________ (2).让孩子们静一静,他们太兴奋了。 ____________________________________________________ 4. since的用法 作为连词, since可引导原因状语从句,表示“因为;既然;鉴于"。 [巩固练习] (1).他因为忙，所以没有来。 ____________________________________________________ (2).既然这种方法不行,我们就试另一种吧。 ____________________________________________________ 【拓展】since 做连词,还可引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”。若since引导的时间状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去式，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。 5. alive的用法 alive表示“活着的,在世的",其反义词是dead (死去的);alive没有比较等级的变化。通常不放在名词前做定语，但可做表语或后置定语。 考点辨析：alive, living, live三者均可表示“活着",但用法有区别: ; (1) alive主要用于修饰人或动物，通常不放在名词前做定语,一般放在名词之后作后置定语。此外alive还可以作表语。 Who's the greatest man alive?当今最伟大的人是谁? (2) living可用作表语或定语,可用于修饰人或物。 Both plants and animals are living things.动植物都是生物。 (3) live只用作前置定语，主要用于动物，植物等。(一般不用于人)。 He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。 We saw a real live snake. 我们看见了一条活生生的蛇。 [典型例题] 一、单项选择 (1).—I fell off the bike and hurt my leg yesterday. —________. Be careful next time. A. Never mind B. I’m sorry to hear that C. No problem D. What a shame (2). A moment of happiness went ________ my mind when I heard the good news. A. over B. across C. through D. past (3).—I’m afraid I can’t take part in the activity because I’m too busy. —________. We won’t have great fun without you. A. No way B. It’s a pity C. No problem D. Never mind (4).—Will David join us? —He ________ come. You know, he changes his mind so often. A. should B. must C. need D. may (5).—Kitty was late for the meeting this morning because her car ________ on the way. —I can’t believe it. She just bought it several days ago. A. fell down B. came down C. calmed down D. broke down (6).—What a wonderful match! I just can’t stop cheering and screaming. —But you’d better ________. Being too excited isn’t good for your health. A. break down B. calm down C. fall down D. turn down (7).—An earthquake happened on 22nd December, 2021 in Changzhou Jiangsu Province. —Luckily, no house ________. A. calmed down B. came down C. turned down D. took down (8).— Mike, how about your trip to Guilin? — Not very good. Our car ________ on the way. A. calmed down B. broke down C. turned down D. cut down (9). ________ you know English is important, you should learn it well. A. Since B. For C. Because of D. Though (10).— Would you please not make so much noise? Don’t you know Mum is ________? —Sorry, I didn’t know. A. alone B. alive C. asleep D. active (11). She is one of the greatest ________ scientists in the world. A. living B. alive C. lives D. lived (12).—Do you know the writer called Zheng Min? —Yes, of course. She is one of the greatest and the oldest ________ writers. She is still ________. A. alive; living B. living; live C. living; alive D. alive; alive 答案：BCBDD BBBAC AC 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 (1).既然大家都到了，我们就开始上课吧。 Let’s begin our lesson______________. (2).用alive或living填空 1). My first teacher is still__________. 2). No man___________ is greater than him. 3). He wanted to keep the fish__________. 4). English is a ___________ language. 答案：since everyone is here living/alive alive alive living　 【知识梳理9】Hours later,as I was trying to find my way out,... 几个小时以后，当我正试图找出路时.... 1. hours later= after some hours, 意为“数小时后”。“一段时间+later=after+一段时间”，意为“...(时间）以后”。 [巩固练习] (1) 开始天在下雨，但是几个小时后又晴了。 ____________________________________________________ (2) 两天后他离开了学校。 ____________________________________________________ 2. find one’s way out意思为“找到出路” 【知识梳理10】They quickly moved away the bricks.他们很快地搬走了砖块。 move away意为“搬开，移开，搬走”。其中away做副词,接代词宾格做宾语时,要放在move与away中间;接名词时,名词放在away前后均可。 [巩固练习] (1).这条路我开不过去。请移一下你的车。 ____________________________________________________ (2).路上有一块石头。我们把它移开吧。 ____________________________________________________ [典型例题] (1). There is a piece of glass on the road. Would you like ________ with me? A. move it away B. to move away it C. moving it away D. to move it away (2). There are pieces of glass and bricks on the road. Would you please ________with me? A. move it away B. to move it away C. move them away D. to move them away 答案：DC Grammar 【语法】A过去进行时 【一】、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词 否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。 如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. →He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday. →Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.) →What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday? 【二】、过去进行时用法： （1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻（时间点）正在进行的动作，常和过去的状语连用。 如：（just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时；at that moment=then在那时 at 3:00 yesterday afternoon在昨天下午三点；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候 ①What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ ②I was watching TV at home at 3:00 yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午三点正在家里看电视。 ③They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。 （2）过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内（时间段）正在进行的动作。常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night，last night 等时间状语连用。 ①From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。 ②They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。 ③He was writing a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书。 （3）根据情境或上下文需要使用过去进行时。 A: I saw you in the library yesterday morning. What were you doing there? B: I was reading a book on Diaoyu Island. （4）过去进行时常出现在含有when和while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中. ①I was playing computer games when my father got home. = When my father got home, I was playing computer games. ② Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. = While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking. ★when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当…….时候”之意，用法稍有不同： 结论 ※a. when后常跟短动词（瞬间动词），有时也可跟长动词。 while后只能接长动词（延续性动词或be动词）。 ※b. 主句和从句两个动作都发生在过去，长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时，短动作发生在长动作进行的过程当中。 ※C. while连接两个长动作，当两个动作一长一短时， while(when)放在长动词的前 面，when放在短动词的前面。 （5）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。 ① I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完） ② The children watched TV yesterday evening. 昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。（强调过去发生了这件事） The children were watching TV yesterday evening. 昨晚孩子们都在看电视。（强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性） 【语法】B. when, while, as 用法 ▲1.when,while,as 意义 “当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。 ① when + 短动词或长动词 ② as + 短动词或长动词 ③ while + 长动词(be动词也是长动词） ▲2. ①while 连接两个长动作，两个动作同时发生。（主句和从句都是长动词，常用进行时） Father was watching TV while mother was cooking dinner. ②as 连接两个同时发生的短动词。 Andy came into the room as Millie sat down on the sofa. ③一个长动作和一个短动作，短动作发生在长动作过程之中，也就是说，长动作先发生，短动作后发生。分两种情况： A.主句是长动作，从句用when+短动作。 I was wathing TV when father got home. B.主句是短动作，从句用while/as/when+长动作。 Father got home while/as/when I was watching TV. ▲3.as还有一种特殊用法，用于两个平行结构。表示：一个主语同时进行两个动作；一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化.（意为：①一边做……一边做…… ②随着……） ① He sang as he worked. 他边工作边唱歌。 ② As he grew older，he became more confident. 随着年龄的增长他变得更加自信。 ▲4.when/while+ doing sth. ★ Jim found a dead cat when entering the room. ★Jim heard a loud shout while doing his homework at nine last night. [典型例题] (1).—Kate, I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —Really? I’m sorry. I ________ English with my pen pal online. A. practise B. practised C. am practising D. was practising (2).While we ________the crops, it suddenly poured with rain. A. were harvesting B. harvested C. are harvesting D. harvest (3).—I didn’t see you at the party yesterday. —I ________ for the final exam at that time. A. am preparing B. prepared C. was preparing D. prepare (4).The boy was playing under the tree ________ the accident happened. A. when B. so C. while D. if (5).—I called you yesterday afternoon, but there was no answer. —Oh, I ________ my bike in the garden. A. fixed up B. was fixing up C. fix up D. is going to fix up (6).While my father ________ the evening paper, he suddenly heard a cry. A. was looking through B. am looking through C. have looked through D. looked through (7).— I called you at eight but you didn’t pick up. —Sorry, I ________ a shower A. took B. taking C. take D. was taking (8).—Mary, just now mom argued with dad. —I didn’t hear it. At that time, I ________ the piano. A. practice B. are practicing C. practiced D. was practicing (9).— Why didn’t you answer my call last night? I wanted to borrow your notebook. —Sorry. I ________ at that time. I had a long day yesterday. A. sleep B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping (10).—What was Peter doing when it ________ to rain heavily? —He ________ his homework . A. begins; was doing B. begins; is doing C. began; was doing D. began; did (11).—Oh, dear! A power cut! —Sorry, I didn’t know you ________ the washing machine. A. are using B. were using C. use D. used (12).—Tom fought with John just now. —Sorry, I didn’t notice them. I __________ the vegetables into small pieces then. A. cut B. will cut C. was cutting D. have cut (13).Tom was washing the dishes in the kitchen ________ Jack was watching TV in the room. A. if B. whether C.as D. While (14).—Tom, what were you doing at five yesterday afternoon? —I ________ my cousin with his homework. A. helped B.am helping C. was helping D. help (15).I ________ research on the Internet when my uncle came yesterday. A. is doing B. does C. did D. was doing 答案：DACAB ADDDC BCDCD Integrated skills &Task 【知识梳理1】Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 当地震发生时，蒂米正在沉睡。 be asleep意为“睡着的" ,其中asleep是形容词，做表语。 例：请不要吵醒他。他睡着了。 ________________________________________. [典型例题] (1). The girl felt so ________ that she fell ________ at the table. A. sleepy；asleep B. sleepy；sleepy C. asleep；sleepy D. asleep；asleep (2). Many people have trouble falling asleep. That is to say, they can’t fall into sleep ________. A. quickly B. slowly C. badly D. luckily (3). What he said made me feel ________, and I nearly fell ________. A. asleep；sleepy B. asleep；asleep C. sleepy；asleep D. sleepy；sleepy (4). The girl felt ________ tired last night and then she fell ________ quickly. A. a little；sleepy B. a bit of；asleep C. a little bit; sleepy D. a bit; asleep 答案：AACD 【知识梳理2】My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. 因为天气寒冷，我爸爸的车出故障了。 break作动词，意为“损坏，打破”，break down意思为“（车辆或者机器）出故障，坏掉” [巩固练习] (1) 为什么我的车坏掉了？ ______________________________________________________. (2) 如果你的车抛锚了，就改乘公共汽车吧。 ______________________________________________________. [典型例题] (1).—Do you know how to ________ a crying baby? —Sorry, I don’t know. I think it’s too hard. A. fall down B. come down C. break down D. calm down (2). When you are nervous, close your eyes and try to ________. A. calm down B. break down C. come down D. put down (3).—Don’t leave the machine ________ the whole day, or it will break down. —Sorry, I ________, I thought it could shut its power itself. A. on; didn’t B. working; won’t C. open; don’t D. work; couldn’t (4). The biggest blackout in American history began when the hydroelectric generator________. A. was broke down B. was breaking down C. broke down D. was broken down 答案：DABC 【知识梳理3】When a shorter action happened at the same time as a longer action... 当较短的动作和较长的动作同时发生时... at the same time 意为“同时”，same常与定冠词the一起连用。且the不可以省略。 [典型例题] (1). —I’m sorry I made ________ mistake. But I won’t make the same mistake for ________ second time. —Never mind. Nobody is perfect. A. a; a B. an; the C. the; the D. a; / (2). The Internet will go wrong if ________ people download（下载）programmes at the same time. A. ten million of B. million of C. millions of D. ten millions of 答案：AC 【知识梳理4】What did you learn from yesterday’s talk, Simon? 西蒙，从昨天的讲座中你们学到了什么？ learn from意为“从...中学习”。Learn既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。Learn的过去式为learned或者learnt. learn后面还可以接动词不定式，即learn to do sth.“学习做某事”。 [巩固练习] (1).我们应该相互学习。 ________________________________________. (2).为什么不学着唱英语歌呢？ ________________________________________. [典型例题] (1).—Jason is always ________. He keeps smiling even if something bad happens. —We should learn from him and believe in hope. A. cheerful B. colourful C. meaningful D. helpful (2).—Isn’t that film so boring? I nearly fell asleep. —________. You can learn many useful skills from it. A. Yes, you are right B. I’m afraid so C. Not at all D. Of course (3).—Lots of teachers in Nanjing worked as volunteers during the pandemic this summer. —We should learn from them to do something for our society. It is ________ for us to give than to receive. A. less important B. more important C. the least important D. the most important 答案：ACB 【知识梳理5】Try to get out as soon as possible. 尽快想办法出去。 as soon as possible的意思是“尽快”，as…as possible=as…as sb. can/could意为“尽可能……”。 I will get here as early as possible.= I will get here as early as I can. [巩固练习]同义句转换 He answered my letter as quickly as possible. He answered my letter as quickly_______ _______ _______. We should drive as _________ as __________on a snowy day. A. more careful, possible B. careful, they can C. more carefully, I can D. carefully, possible 答案：as he could D 【知识梳理5】Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke.用湿毛巾掩住你的口鼻来保护自己不受浓烟的侵袭。 cover在本句中作动词，意思是“盖；覆盖”。 (1) cover…with…的意思是“用……覆盖……”。 (2)…be covered with…的意思是“……被……覆盖着”。 The heavy snow will soon cover the road. 大雪很快就会把道路覆盖。 She often covers her mouth with her hand when she smiles. 她微笑时常用手遮住嘴。 Look! The river is covered with ice. [巩固练习] (1) 地震之后，砖块和石头覆盖了整条公路。 Bricks and stones _____________ after the earthquake. (2) 当打喷嚏或咳嗽时，我们应该用面巾纸遮住鼻子和嘴巴。 We should______________ our nose and mouth_______ tissues when sneezing or coughing. 答案：(1) covered the whole road (2) cover; with 【知识梳理6】I nearly fell over. 我几乎摔倒了。 1.nearly的意思是“几乎”。 almost也表示“几乎”，但almost可用于any，no，none，nobody等否定词之前，nearly一般不这样用。 He nearly hit the car. 他几乎撞到了汽车。 Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。 Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加聚会。 [巩固练习]他远不像你想象的那么好。 He is_____________________________. 答案：not nearly as nice as you think 2. [辨析] fall off，fall down与fall from的区别： (1) fall off从……掉下，强调整个过程。 (2) fall down掉了下来，倒地。 (3) fall from从……掉下来，强调“地方”。 例.We all fell over in the wind.我们都在风中摔倒了。 我碰到了石头几乎摔倒了。 I hit the stone and______________. 答案：nearly fell over 【知识梳理7】合成词 直接合成 直接合成 rail + way railway book + shop bookshop earth + quake earthquake class + room classroom pan + cake pancake country + side countryside snow + ball snowball gentle +man gentleman grand + daughter granddaughter house + work housework grand + son grandson news + paper newspaper black + board blackboard super + market supermarket notice + board noticeboard 中间加“-”来合成 week + day weekday north + east north-east week + end weekend part + time part-time head + ache headache ★ 【注】：policeman, fisherman, Englishman, postman等是复合词，复数将a改成e. 但：Walkman, human, German不是合成词，复数在后面加s. 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$