内容正文:
U3知识点梳理
1. 比较级和最高级的基本构成规则
(1) 直接+er 或+est:new—newer—newest few—fewer—fewest old—older—oldest
(2) 有e, +r或st:fine—finer—finest nice—nicer—nicest late—later--latest
(3) 双写:big--bigger--biggest(大) , red--redder--reddest(红), wet--wetter--wettest(湿), sad--sadder--saddest(伤心), fat--fatter--fattest(胖), thin--thinner--thinnest(瘦,薄)
(4) 辅+y,变y为i,+er或est: early--earlier--earliest (早),easy--easier--easiest(容易), busy--busier--busiest(忙), happy---happier---happiest(高兴) 但shy-shyer害羞的
heavy--heavier--heaviest(重,胖), healthy--healthier--healthiest(健康的),sunny--sunnier--sunniest(明媚的),friendly--friendlier--friendliest(友好的)
(5) 多音节词或部分双音节词前+more或most
(累的,疲倦的)tired--more tired --the most tired
(仔细的,小心的,认真的)careful--more careful--the most carefully
(严重的,严肃的,稳重的)serious-more serious-the most serious
(困难的)difficult---more difficult--the most difficult
(有趣的)interesting--more interesting--the most interesting
(6) 特殊:1)(好)good/well----better----best (不好,差)bad/badly/ill ---worse—worst
远far—farther—farthest 多many/much---more—most 少little—less—least (+不可数)
2. 注意:(形容词+ly=副词,但形容词和它的副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则就不同了。)
形+ly=副。此时加ly的副词,不能变y为i , 只能在前面+more/most构成比较级和最高级。
(1)(快的)quick—quicker---quickest 区别(迅速地)quickly---more quickly—the most quickly
(2)(安静的)quiet—quieter—quietest 区别(安静地)quietly---more quietly—the most quietly
(3)(高兴的)happy—happier—happiest区别(高兴地) happily—more happily—the most happily
(4)(便宜的)cheap-cheaper-cheapest区别(便宜地)cheaply---more cheaply --the most cheaply
(5)(大声的)loud-louder-loudest 区别(喧闹地) loudly—more loudly--the most loudly
但:本身自带有ly结尾的,变y为i,再+er/est:
(早的)early--earlier更早的--earliest最早的
(友好的)friendly--friendlier更友好的--friendliest最友好的
3.用比较级的有:
(1)有than,必须用比较级
(2)much/ a lot/ even+比较级 …得多 :热得多:much hotter/ a lot hotter/ even hotter
注意:much+不可数名词(很多...) // much+比较级 更...得多
a lot of =lots of +名词(很多的,大量的...)// a lot+比较级(更...得多)
(3) a little +比较级 更…一点 更贵一点:a little more expensive
a little +原级“有点…”(a little tired有点累) a little +不可数名词(a little water一点儿水)
(4)两者比较用比较级:Which do you like better, math or English?
(5)从前后或上下文推测是两者比较,用比较级
This ruler is too short. Can you give me a longer one?这把尺子太短,你能给我一个更长的吗
(6)句中有become, get(变得),用比较级: get比较级 and 比较级 变得越来越...
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter now.白天时间变得越来越短了。
(7) The +比较级+(主+动),the +比较级(主+动) 越…越…
The faster, the better.(越快越好。) The more, the better.越多越好。
The more we get together, the happier we will be.我们呆在一起越多,我们越快乐。
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.你书读得越多,你将获得更多知识
(8)特殊:有of 但只有两者,用the +比较级(即:句中有of和two的,用the+比较级)
My brother is the taller of the two boys.(两个男孩中较高的这个是我弟。)
(9) 比较级and 比较级 越来越…
越来越好:better and better 越来越漂亮:more and more beautiful
4.用最高级的有:
(1)the+最高级(最高级前常有the,副词可不要)
(2)句中有in或 of (表范围)
in …在…(里) : Yao Ming is ________basketball player in China.( the best)
of… 在…中:在所有这些男孩中of all the boys, of all 在所有中
(3)第一最... 第二最... 最三最..., 用最高级
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河在中国是第二最长的河流。
(4)从前后或上下文推测用最高级 (前后一致)
I like the store best because it has the _____service.(friendliest)我最喜欢这个店因为它服务最好
(5)三者(或以上)比较,用最高级 哪一个最大,月亮,太阳还是地球?
Which is the biggest, the moon(月亮), the sun(太阳) or the earth(地球)?
(7) one of +最高级+名词(复数):
Mo Yan is one of the best writers in the world.莫言是最好作家之一。
5.用原级的有:
(1)very+原级“非常…” (2)quite+原级 “相当…” (3) too+原级”太…” (4) so +原级”如此…” (5) as +原级+as”与…一样…” (6)not as/so+原级+as “不如…”(7)more+原级(much+比较级)
6. 比较级与最高级的同义句转换:
最高级=比较级 than any other+名词(单数) (比任何一个别的...更...)
最高级=比较级than the other +名词(复数) (比其余的全部...更...)
Tom is the tallest boy in his class.Tom 他是班上最高的学生。
=Tom is taller than any other boy in his class. ( any other+名单) any:任何一个,后+名词单数
=Tom is taller than the other boys in his class.(the other+名复)
7. other (1) one … the other…(一个…另一个…)(两者中) (两者以上one...another...另一个)
The old man has two sons.One is a musician(音乐家).The other is a magician(魔术师).
(2) some…others …一些… 其他的…
The students are having PE class.Some(一些人) are running. Others (其他)are playing soccer.
(3)others(= other +名词复数) 别人 others / other people
(4)each other 互相 (放动词、介词后)
We should help each other(互相帮助) and learn from each other(互相学习).
(5)others(其他的,不是余下的全部) 区别 与the others(有the,指其余的全部)
8.几组反义词:long长的 – short短的 (longer更长---shorter更短)
tall高的---short矮的 (taller更高---shorter更矮)
fat胖的---thin瘦的 (fatter 更胖--thinner更瘦)(胖瘦都要双写)
heavy重的,胖的---thin瘦的(heavier更重,更胖)---thinner更瘦)
big大的 –small小的 (bigger更大---smaller更小)
young年青的,幼小的—old年老的(younger更年幼/轻)---older更年长的/elder更年长的)
new新的---old旧的 (newer更新的---older更旧的)
cheap便宜的—expensive昂贵的 (cheaper更便宜的---more expensive更贵的)
quiet安静的—noisy吵闹的 (quieter更安静的--noisier更吵闹的)
quiet文静的—outgoing外同的 (quieter更文静的--more outgoing更外向的)
quietly安静地—loudly响高地( more quietly更安静地---more loudly更喧闹地)
fast快的—slow慢的 (faster更快的--slower更慢的)
fast飞快地—slowly慢地 (faster更快地---more slowly更缓慢地)
quickly 迅速地---slowly缓慢地( more quickly更迅速地--more slowly更缓慢地)
early早的(形),早早地(副)—late晚的(形),很晚地(副)(earlier更早-later更晚)
lazy懒的—hard-working 勤奋的,勤快的(lazier更懒---more hard-working更勤奋)
healthy健康的--ill 病了的 ( healthier 更健康的----worse更糟糕的)
9.be+形容词 动+副词 注意:(1)首先考虑用形容词还是副词!
(2)然后考虑用原级、比较级还是最高级!
He writes (动+副)______(clear) than all his classmates. (more clearly)
上句中,writes是动词,首先判断后面用副词(常+ly),再看有than判断用比较级)
10.注意:本身既是形容词又是副词的:hard, late, fast, high,不能再+ly。是考试的重点。
跳得高 jump high 跳得更高jump higher //跑得快run fast 跑得更快run faster
起床晚get up late 起床更晚get up later //学习努力study hard 学习更努力study harder
11.both的用法
1)都:两者都both 三者(及以上) 都all 都(both, all) 放can/ be后,动词前
2)both与all 都能带of结构 ,后面动词用复数。Both of us我们两个 all of us我们所有人
3)同义句:They both have an umbrella.=Both of them have an umbrella.他们两个人都有雨伞。
We all had fun. =All of us had fun.我们所有人都玩得高兴。
12. each和every (每一个)
区别:(1)each每一个: 放can/ be后,动前;也能带of结构。但every后面不能接of!
同义句: They each have an umbrella.=Each of them has an umbrella.他们每个都有雨伞。
(2)each指两者及以上中的每一个 every指三者及以上的每一个
但:each side每边 (=both sides两边)
There are many trees on each side of the river/streets.
(河、街道只有两边,此时“每一边“只能用each side)
There are many trees on each side/every side of the lake.(湖有三边以上,此时each,every皆可)
(5) all 所有的 all boys 所有男生 all of the boys所有这些男生
10.the singing competition歌唱比赛 单个动词放名词前,动词上要加ing
11.which哪一个,哪一些 Which boy哪一个男孩 Which subjects哪些科目
The red pen is mine.----提问:Which pen is yours? (此时不能用what color)
The pen on the desk is Tom’s. ----提问:Which pen is Tom’s?(此时不能用where)
12.(1)赢win—won*过去式” (2)winner获胜者:They are winners.(双写n,再+s)
(3)win the first prize赢得一等奖 We won the soccer game last year.赢了这场足球赛。
13.although=though 虽然,尽管 (不与but连用) 区别:through介“通过(立体空间)
区别:through介词“通过”(立体空间) across介词“过”(马路,桥,河)(表面上过)
14talent 名“才艺,才气” 才艺表演talent shows
talented形“有才干的,有天份的” 更有才气(更有天份)的:more talented
be talented in …在某方面有天赋/be good at 擅长=do well in 介词(at\in\for+动ing)
15.(1)true形容词“真的,真正的”----truly 副词”真正,确实”(去e, +ly)
区别 real 形容词“真的,真实的”---really 副词“真的很”really scary真的很吓人
他真正关心我。He truly cares about me.老虎真的很吓人。
This is a real story.这是一个真实的故事。
It is true that milk is good for our health.牛奶对我们的健康有好处是真的。
(2)come true实现(常放句末) My dream can come true if I try my best to study.(尽最大努力)
16.care(1) 动“在意”三单cares , 过去式cared
(2)care about sb 关心某人 worry about sb担心某人
(3)take care of =look after 照顾,照看
好好照顾take good care of …= look after…well
I took good care of my brother last weekend.=I looked after my brother well last weekend.
17.laugh—laughed (1)We couldn't stop laughing.我们笑个不停。(我们不能停住笑)
(2)嘲笑某人laugh at sb 笑,微笑smile smile at life 笑对人生
18.serious形“严肃的,稳重的” ---more serious更严肃的,更认真的
seriously副词 “严肃,认真地” take sth seriously对…认真,认真对待…
We should take our study seriously because our teachers are very serious.
我们必须认真对待学习因为我们的老师非常严肃认真。
19.mirror镜子 Our friends are like a mirror. 我们的朋友像一面镜子。
20.kid 小孩 =child kids=children孩子们 Are you kidding?你在开玩笑?kid动词(开玩笑)
21.as long as …(1)与…一样长The ruler is as long as that one.
(2)只要…(后+句子) He will get good grades as long as he studies hard.只要努力将得好成绩
22.(1)necessary形“必需的,必要的“It’s necessary for sb to do sth.对某人来说有必要做某事。
It’s necessary for us to read English loudly every morning.
(2)need to do sth 需要做某事 need …for …需要…来…(need动词)
There’s no need to do sth.没必要做某事。(need名词)
23.(1)different形“不同的”----difference名“不同点,差别”(+s)
(2)be different from…与…不同 反:be the same as …与…相同
They are very different. There are many differences between the two pictures.
They are different _____many ways. from (X) in ( V)
24.(1)bring“带来,带过来”—过去式brought带来了 区别buy“买”—bought买了
(2)bring sth here 带某物到这里 bring sth to school带…到学校来
反:take...there带到那里去 take… to sp带…去某地
(3)bring out the best in sb展现出某人最好的一面
He always helps me bring out the best in me.他总是帮助我展现我最好的一面。
25.get good grades得到好成绩 成绩更好get better grades
Grade 8 八年级 He is in Class One, Grade Eight.他是八一班的。
26.情态动词:(后+动原// 否定:后+not+动原)
can(可以,会,能), may(也许), must(必须), should(应该)/shouldn’t(不应该)+动原
Must I…? Yes, you must./No, you don’t have to./No, you needn’t.(不必)
27.一样:(1)看起来一样(很像)look like…后必须+宾语 看起来像某人
look the same放句末 (他们)看起来一样(像)
(2)和某人一样… 他和我一样大He is as old as me.
Tom吃早餐和Jim一样快。Tom eats breakfast as quickly as Jim.(当心:动+副)
(3)和某人一样有某物:他有和我的一样的一支铅笔。(他的铅笔和我的一样)
He has the same pencil as me.=His pencil is the same as mine.
28.(1)say—said (2) say to sb “…”对某人说“…”(3)say it in English用英语说它
(4)saying名“格言,谚语” (+s)I like these sayings.我喜欢这些名言。
29.到达:(1)get to +地 但这三个不要to:get there到那里,get here到这里,get home到家(2)reach+地点(不需要介词,直接+地点)。(3))arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点 , 只有arrive可后不+地点,直接单独使用。他几点到的?When did he arrive?(arrive可单用)
同义句:两小时前他到了北京。He arrived in Beijing two hours ago.
=He got to Beijing two hours ago.
=He reached Beijing two hours ago.
30.Don’t touch.=No touching.禁止触摸! No swimming!禁止游泳!
31.in fact事实上,实际上 af first 起初,开头 at last 最后 at least至少,at most最多
more than超过,多于 less than少于
32.(1)break--broke 过去式(2)break sth打碎,打破,破坏,损坏,摔坏某物
Unluckily, he broke his left arm last month.很不幸,他摔坏了他的左胳膊。
luck名词“运气” lucky 形容词“幸运的” luckily副“幸运地” unluckily不幸
(3) break the school rules 破坏学校规则(违反校纪)follow the rules遵守校纪
33.身体部位:头(head), 手(hand),脸(face),眼睛(eye), 耳朵(ear),鼻子(nose),头发(hair),牙齿(tooth--teeth),嘴(mouth),手臂(arm),腿(leg),脚(foot--feet),背(back),心(heart),身体(body),头脑(mind)
34.share sth 分享某物 (过去式:shared) share sth with sb 与某人分享某物
My best friend shares everything with me. 我最好的朋友与我分享一切。
35.loud 形“响亮的,大声的” loudly副“响亮地,大声地”
He is loud enough to make me hear him.他足够大声为了让我听见他(的声音)
They are talking loudly after class.下课后他们大声地交谈。
36.1)用形容词的有:(1)be+形 (2)形+名 (3)seem+形容词 (似乎,好像...)(4)动+副,但感官动词+形(感觉器官动词:看起来look, 感觉起来feel,听起来sound,闻起来smell):feel better感觉更好,sound good听起来不错 (5)变得+形 ( go bad 变坏,get colder变得更冷,get angry 生气,变得生气的,become successful成功,变得成功的,become famous出名,turn white变白,turn red变红,come true实现,变成真的) (6)keep +形容词(保持...)(7)make sb+形容词 (让某人...)
2)动+副(要考虑用原级,比较级或最高级)
I can’t hear the teacher ______(clear) in class.课堂上我不能听清楚老师(讲)。(clearly)
Tom does his homework ____________(careful) than Jim. (more carefully)
Helen plays the violin_________(beautiful) of the three girls. (the most beautifully)
37.(1)(be) similar to ...与...相似(有点像)
His car is similar to her car.他的小车与她的有点像。
(2) (be) different from...与...不同
(3) (be) the same as...与...相同
38.primary school小学 middle school中学high school高中,中学
39.information 不可数 (前不+a/an, 后不+s)
很多信息 much information 打电话咨询更多信息call me for more information
40.sing loudly 唱得大声:Tara sings more loudly than Tina. 唱得比Tina更响亮
run fast 跑得快: Tom runs as fast as Jim. 跑得一样快
jump high跳得高: Tom jumps higher than Jim. 跳得更高
get up early起得早 Peter gets up earlier than Mike. 起得更早
work hard工作努力 Sam works as hard as Paul. 工作一样努力
注意:run fast, jump high, work hard 中fast,high, hard本身已是副词,不能再+ly
41.everyone=everybody每个人,当三单 Everyone wants to win.每个人都想赢。
42.The most important thing is to learn something new . 最重要的事情是学新东西。
My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
43.变y为i, +er/ est的有: 容易的easy---easier---easiest , 早的early---earlier---earliest
healthy--healthier---healthiest , funny--funnier--funniest, 友好的friendly--friendlier--friendliest
44.I am taller now than I was two years ago.我现在比两年前高些。
45.(1)make sb do sth 让某人做某事 make me feel relaxed 让我感到放松
The boss makes the worker work 12 hours a day. 这老板让这个工人工作每天12小时。
Mary made her feel better. Mary让她感觉好多了。
(2) He made a paper plane to make his sister laugh.他制作一个纸飞机让他的妹妹笑。(to表目的)
(3) make sb+形容词(原级/比较级) 让某人... make me happy让我开心
We should try our best to make our city more beautiful.我们应尽最大努力去让我们的城市更美
46.That’s why+句子 那就是(为什么)...的原因。区别:That’s because+句子(那是因为..)
He got up late.That’s why he was late this morning.他起来晚了。那就是他今天早上为什么迟到了的原因。
He always gets good grades in English.That’s because he likes English.他英语成绩好那是因为他喜欢它。
47. (1)有必要做某事It’s necessary( for sb) to do sth.( 前有it,后用to do)
It is necessary for us to finish our homework on time.对我们来说按时完成作业是很有必要的。
(2)没有必要做某事It’s not necessary for sb to do sth
It is not necessary for us to stay up late to study.对我们来说没必要熬夜学习。
48.I’m getting better at tennis.我在网球方面变得更好。
get +形容词 变得... get better 变得更好 get colder and colder变得越来越冷
49.I always get better grades than he does. = I always get better grades than him.我成绩总比他好
get +(形容词)+名词 得到... get good grades得到好成绩 get a good job获得好工作
He is taller than me.=He is taller than I am.他比我高。
I run faster than him.=I run faster than he does.我比他跑得快。
50.Maybe I should help him more.也许我应该多帮他。 help sb more 多帮助某人
We should do more and talk less.我们应该多做少说。
We need to exercise more.我们应该多锻炼。
51. (1) if是否 I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.
我不是很在意我的朋友是否与我相同或不同。
(2) if如果 I will go fishing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去钓鱼。
52.She is funnier than anyone I know.她比任何一个我认识的人更滑稽。
=She is the funniest person I know.她是我认识的人中最滑稽的人。
53.She is always there to listen.她总是在那里听着。She is a good listener.她是一个好的倾听者。
54.I’m louder than the other kids in my class. 我比班上所有别的孩子声音更洪亮。
=I’m louder than any other kid in my class. 我比班上所有别的孩子声音更洪亮。
=I’m the loudest kid in my class. 我是班上声音最洪亮的小孩。
55.should be应该是 can’t be 不可能是 must be 一定是 may be也许是 maybe也许
56.关于朋友的谚语:
(1)A good friend is like a mirror.朋友像镜子。
(2)Friends are like books---you don’t need a lot of them as long as they are good.
朋友像书--不需要太多只要他们好。
(3)My best friend helps to bring out the best in me.我最好的朋友帮助展现我最好的一面。
(4)A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
一个真正的朋友帮助你并感动你的心。
57.最喜欢:...’s favorite ... is...= ... like...best.
我最喜欢英语:My favorite subject is English.= I like English best.
58.招... ...Wanted Student Helper Wanted 招学生助手(帮手)
59.need:(1) need to do sth需要去做某事 She needs to drink more water.她需要多喝水。
(2) need sb to do sth需要某人来做... I need you to help me.我需要你来帮助我。
I need some tomatoes to make vegetable salad.我需要一些西红柿来制作蔬菜沙拉。
(3) need sth for+名 需要... 来... =I need some tomatoes for the vegetable salad.
60.在英语方面取得好成绩:have good grades in English
I hope to have better grades in English.我希望英语成绩更好。
61.(1)be good at =do well in 擅长... be better at= do better in ...更擅长...
(2)be good for...对...有好处 (3)be good with sb与某人相处好
62.Call sb for more information.打电话给某人获取更多信息
63.do you think作插入语(放特殊疑问词后)
你认为谁应该得到这份工作? Who do you think should get the job?
64.a lot(1) Thanks a lot.=Thanks very much.“非常...”
(2) a lot+ 比较级= much +比较级 “...得多”
(3)help me a lot帮我很多 gave me a lot给了我很多 learn a lot(much) from ...从...学到很多
(4) a lot of =lots of+可(复)= many+可数名词(复数) 很多...
a lot of = lots of +不可数 = much+不可数名词 很多...
65. 写作:比较两个人
(1)开头语:... is my best friend. ...是我的好朋友。
结束语:All in all , although we are different in some ways, we are still good friends.
总之,尽管我们有些方面不同,但我们仍然是好朋友。
(2)描述相同:用,too,或用both , 或用as ...as...
如:Sam和Tom他们都外向:Sam is outgoing. Tom is outgoing, too.
Sam and Tom are both outgoing.
Sam is as outgoing as Tom.
(3)描述不同:
A is different from B. A与B不一样
A 动词+比较级+than B. A比B更...
A 动词 less+原级+ than B. A不如B...
A 动词 not as/so ... as B A不如B...
A is better at.. than B. A比B更擅长...
A does better in ...than B. A比B更擅长...
A is more talented in ...than B. A 比B更有天份在...方面
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