精品解析：2025届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模考试英语试卷

黄浦区2024学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试 英语试卷 （完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分） 第Ⅰ卷（共75分） I．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Ancient Philosophy Behind The Sign The Sign, a 28-minute episode of the kids TV show has been hotly anticipated—and its story is a deep reflection on change. The much-loved Australian cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old blue dog has been a worldwide phenomenon since it ___1___ (launch) back in 2018. Alongside more genuinely laugh-out-loud moments than in most high-time comedies, it contains more serious elements too, such as brief introductions of parenting situations ___2___ will be painfully familiar to any guardians or caregivers, as well as inferences to fateful life events ___3___ death and marriage. It’s exploring an adult world with the joyous, surreal excitement of childhood. ___4___ viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode draws from Taoist philosophy. It is an ancient Chinese belief system based on trying ___5___ (exist) in harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story ___6___ (call) The Farmer. The story follows a series of events happening, and each time, the neighbours tell the farmer that it’s “good luck” or “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies to each situation, “We’ll see”. “Is it a happy or sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “Both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way that ___7___ is supposed to, Bluey,” she replies. The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text ___8___ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us ___9___ (be) “good” or “bad”. ____10____ we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it. 【答案】1. was launched 2. that##which 3. like 4. What 5. to exist 6. called 7. it 8. dating 9. are 10. As long as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对儿童电视节目The Sign一集内容的深入解析，探讨了其中蕴含的道家哲学思想，并对相关文化背景进行了介绍和解释。 【1题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：自2018年首播以来，这部备受欢迎的澳大利亚动画片《Bluey》已成为全球现象。它讲述了一只七岁蓝色小狗Bluey的故事。空处为从句谓语动词；从句为“since”引导的时间状语从句，用一般过去时；主语为“it”，单数，和动词“launch”之间为被动关系。故填was launched。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与大多数高收视率喜剧相比，这部动画片中真正让人捧腹大笑的时刻更多，同时它也包含了更严肃的元素，如简要介绍对任何监护人或看护者来说都痛苦且熟悉的育儿情境，以及对死亡和婚姻等决定性人生事件的暗示。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“brief introductions of parenting situations”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：与大多数高收视率喜剧相比，这部动画片中真正让人捧腹大笑的时刻更多，同时它也包含了更严肃的元素，如简要介绍对任何监护人或看护者来说都痛苦且熟悉的育儿情境，以及对死亡和婚姻等决定性人生事件的暗示。空处为介词，意为“如……”，用介词“like”。故填like。 【4题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：观众无法预料的是，这一集会如此深刻地借鉴道家哲学。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：道家哲学是一种古老的中国信仰体系，其基础是努力与宇宙和谐共存。空处为非谓语动词担当动词“try”的宾语，意为“努力做某事”，用动词不定式形式。故填to exist。 6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当Bluey悲伤地告诉同学们她要搬走时，她的老师Calypso读了一个名为《农夫》的故事。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a story”和动词“call”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填called。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：“Bluey，一切都会按照它应该的方式发展的，”她回答道。空处为代词，代指“everything”，用代词“it”。故填it。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老的寓言，最初源自公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》，它提醒人们，我们无法控制也无法真正知道发生在我们身上的事情是“好”是“坏”。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“an ancient Chinese text”和动词短语“date back to”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填dating。 【9题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老寓言，最初源自公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》，它提醒人们，我们无法控制也无法真正知道发生在我们身上的事情是“好”是“坏”。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“events”，复数。故填are。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：只要我们愿意接受变化，并相信事情会朝着最好的方向发展，我们就一定能够成功。空处为状语从句的引导词，用“as long as”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填As long as。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clarity B．enriching C．ideally D．recharge E．refreshed F．schedule G．selfish H．socially I．strike J．tolerate K．varying How to Get the Most Out of Alone Time Solitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negative emotional state, solitude can be a positive and ____11____ experience. As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become ____12____ awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t ____13____ being alone while transitioning to a better situation. Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain ____14____ on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to ____15____ and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life. It’s essential to ____16____ a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have ____17____ needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better ____18____ daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back ____19____. Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as _____20_____ or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. 【答案】11. B 12. H 13. J 14. A 15. D 16. I 17. K 18. F 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了独处的重要性和如何充分利用独处时光，提出了对独处的不同看法以及如何在独处和社交互动之间找到平衡的观点。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然我们通常将孤独视为一种消极的情绪状态，但独处可以是一种积极且充实的体验。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当定语，和上文的“positive”一致。选项B“enriching”，形容词，意为“充实的”，符合句意。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果我们花太多时间独处，可能会变得在社交上笨拙，从而更难与他人建立联系并从周围的人那里获得反馈。根据下文“making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us”可知，空处指的是“社交上”。选项H“socially”，副词，意为“社交上”，符合句意。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你无法忍受独处，你可能会让自己长期处于一些不利的情境或做出不利于自己的选择，这主要是因为你无法在过渡到更好的处境时忍受独处。根据上文“If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run”可推测，空处指的是“忍受”。选项J“tolerate”，动词，意为“忍受”，符合句意。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：它可以让你专注于自己的思想和感受，对个人挑战有更清晰的认识，并加深对自己的了解。根据下文“develop a deeper understanding of yourself”可知，空处指的是对个人挑战有更清晰的“了解”。选项A“clarity”，名词，意为“认识”，符合句意。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：独处还可以是在应对现代生活的需求和干扰中充电和寻找平静的一种方式。根据上文“Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth.”可知，独处是自我反思、放松、创造和个人成长的时间。由此可推测，空处的意思和“成长、充电”相关。选项D“recharge”，动词，意为“充电”，符合句意。故选D。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：在独处和社交互动之间找到平衡至关重要。根据空后的“balance between solitude and social interaction”可推测，空处指的是“努力找到”；选项I“strike”，动词，意为“努力找到、寻求”，符合句意。故选I。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不同的人对独处的需求各不相同，找到适合自己的独处时间量对于过上充实的生活至关重要。根据上文的“Different individuals”可推测，空处指的是“不同的”。选项K“varying”，形容词，意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选K。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：你最好每天安排一些独处的时间。根据空后的“daily time for solitude”可推测，空处指的是“安排”；选项F“schedule”，动词，意为“安排”，符合句意。故选F。 19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，午餐时间，独自去散步，回来后就会感到精神焕发。根据上文“at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself”以及常理可知，散步回来后，会感到“精神焕发”。选项E“refreshed”，意为“精神焕发的”，符合句意。故选E。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：想要独处可能会被视为自私或反社会；你应该想着他人并为他们做事。根据空后的“anti-social”可推测，空处与“不社交”相似。选项G“selfish”，形容词，意为“自私的”，符合句意。故选G。 Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each-blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by ____21____ themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of ____22____. It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to ____23____ positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that ____24____ moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus ____25____ your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward. Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set. Expand your joy ____26____: Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be ____27____, using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): ____28____ what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice it’s possible to ____29____ the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) ______30______. But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible ______31______. If you’re tired, ______32______ smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ______33______ experiences. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel ______34______ with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly ______35______ disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 21. A. attracting B. demonstrating C. entertaining D. training 22. A. accomplishment B. belonging C. identity D. responsibility 23. A. broaden B. postpone C. provide D. share 24. A. critical B. daily C. rare D. spare 25. A. recalling B. recovering C. searching D. strengthening 26. A. reflection B. selection C. trial D. vocabulary 27. A. brief B. creative C. precise D. secure 28. A. Broadcasting B. Choosing C. Defining D. Wondering 29. A. cover B. divide C. teach D. notice 30. A. failure B. opportunity C. reward D. surprise 31. A. initiative B. outcome C. prize D. solution 32. A. avoid B. imagine C. practice D. try 33. A. direct B. inspiring C. sensory D. shared 34. A. content B. distracted C. easy D. uncomfortable 35. A. ending in B. guarding against C. heading for D. preparing for 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何通过锻炼和发展追求幸福的“肌肉”来提高个人的奖励敏感度，以及如何通过一系列具体的调整来培养积极的心态。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎任何人都可以通过训练自己去注意和体验积极情绪，来学习提高自己的奖励敏感度。A. attracting吸引；B. demonstrating展示；C. entertaining娱乐；D. training培训。根据上文“Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop.”可知，我们可以通过训练来获得幸福。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：要提高你的奖励敏感度，首先从每天计划一项活动开始，这项活动会让你感到快乐或给你一种成就感。A. accomplishment成就；B. belonging归属；C. identity身份；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“make you happy”可推测，空处和幸福相似。由此可知，空处选A，意为“成就感”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样你就不会轻易推迟去体验那些积极的时刻。A. broaden拓宽；B. postpone推迟；C. provide提供；D. share分享。根据上文“It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel.”可知，当我们完成一项活动时，可以适当奖励自己。由此可知，这样我们才不会推迟去做这项活动。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你享受了那个日常的快乐时刻后，闭上眼睛，大声地回顾你在哪里、什么时候体验到了最大的快乐。A. critical关键的；B. daily日常的；C. rare罕见的；D. spare空闲的。根据上文“To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of ____2____ .”可知，作者建议我们每天一项活动，所以这是日常的快乐时刻。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样做的目的不仅仅是记住你的感受，而是要增强并重新体验那种快乐，从而加深你对它们的记忆，并增加你今后去追求它们的动力。A. recalling回忆；B. recovering恢复；C. searching搜索；D. strengthening加强。根据上文“The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it”以及下文的“increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward.”可推测，空处指的是加深记忆，从而有动力去追求快乐。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：扩展你的快乐词汇：研究表明，找到更多描述积极情绪的词可以证实并增加这些情绪。A. reflection反思；B. selection选择；C. trial试验；D. vocabulary词汇。根据下文“Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them.”可知，作者建议我们扩展关于快乐的词汇。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你在反思某件事情给你带来的感受时，试着更精确地使用词语，比如“平静”、 “欣喜若狂”、 “高兴”、 “受到鼓舞”，而不仅仅是“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”。A. brief简短的；B. creative有创造力的；C. precise精确的；D. secure安全的。根据下文“using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great.”可推测，作者建议我们使用更精确的词汇，而不是简单的“不错”、 “好”或“很棒”。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享你的高光时刻：分享让你最快乐的事情可以让你感觉更好。A. Broadcasting广播、散布；B. Choosing选择；C. Defining定义；D. Wondering想知道。根据上文“Share your highlight reel (高光时刻)”可知，作者建议我们分享自己的高光时刻。由此可知，作者建议我们分享让自己快乐的事情。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：寻找光明面：通过练习，我们有可能注意到那些我们最初可能视为负面的事情中隐藏的积极因素。A. cover覆盖；B. divide划分；C. teach教；D. notice注意到。根据空后“the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative.”可推测，我们可以通过练习注意到积极的因素。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你邀请同事聚会，但只有一个人来了，你可能会很容易把这看作是一种失败。A. failure失败；B. opportunity机会；C. reward奖励；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better.”可推测，空处指的是我们可能会将这看作失败，但是其实这件事也有积极的一面。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：预测未来的胜利：如果你的日程安排很紧，就选择一个即将发生的事件，并想象最好的结果。A. initiative倡议；B. outcome结果；C. prize奖品；D. solution解决方案。根据上文“Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching”中的“that’s approaching”可推测，空处指的是想象可能的“结果”。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到疲倦，就想象自己在房间的另一边对朋友微笑，感到自豪。A. avoid避免；B. imagine想象；C. practice练习；D. try尝试。根据下文“Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ____13____ experiences.”中的“imagery”可推测，空处指的是想象自己在对着朋友微笑。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用想象力可以激发动力，让你为更多鼓舞人心的经历做好准备。A. direct直接的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. sensory感觉的；D. shared共享的。根据本段内容可知，本段建议我们想象未来会有好的结果，由此可推测，空处指的是“鼓舞人心的或好的”经历。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还要记住，有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服是正常的，特别是如果你患有抑郁症和焦虑症。A. content满足的；B. distracted分心的；C. easy容易的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。根据下文“particularly if you experience depression and anxiety.”以及“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可推测，作者认为有时候对愉悦的感觉感到不舒服，这很正常。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：担忧可能会让你觉得自己已经准备好应对威胁——但如果我们总是为灾难做准备，就会错过眼前的幸福。A. ending in以……结束；B. guarding against防范；C. heading for前往；D. preparing for为……做准备。根据上文“Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats”可知，空处指的是为灾难做准备。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. A How much ongoing joy can you get from something that weighs eight ounces (盎司)? For Simon Spichak, it’s a lot, thanks to a hedgehog that fits in his hand. Mr. Spichak, a 29-year-old science writer who lives in Toronto, bought his new partner in May 2023 for $280 and named it Goober. He has spent an additional $200 on food, a wheel, bedding and toys, as well as $150 in their first year together to visit a veterinarian (兽医). Goober has improved Mr. Spichak’s life in small and big ways, providing him with entertaining material to post to his social media accounts and helping to introduce him to some of his neighbors when he takes Goober around his block, where they’re met with delighted curiosity. “There are lots of people walking by from the neighborhood who start conversations because of the hedgehog,” Mr. Spichak said. This is not an individual case. Ritesh Seth, a human resources specialist in Columbia, Md., bought a solid brass, Italian-made coffee pot for$400, and said it had helped him expand his network at his co-working space. “Other business enterprises and start-ups who work out of the office space have noticed my coffee pot and out of curiosity come over to chat,” Mr. Seth, 38, said. “Usually, after the polite introductions. we discuss what product or project we are working on, find common business challenges, refer potential prospects and sometimes talk about sports.” Millennials (born from 1981 to 1996) and Generation Z (born from 1997 to 2012) are more likely than older generations to make spending on nonessential purchases a priority, according to a study published last year by Intuit. The study suggested that this was because younger generations placed a high value on personal growth and mental happiness. While gym memberships or self-help books may be more obvious purchases for improving lives, less typical options, even unusual ones, can make a lasting difference by helping people find happiness and connect to new communities. 36. What did Goober bring to Simon? A. It inspired him to pursue a science writing career. B. It helped him save money on veterinary expenses. C. It enriched his social media and neighborhood connections. D. It gained him fame by achieving recognition in the community. 37. With the coffee pot as ______, Ritesh expanded his network at his co-working space. A. a conversation starter B. a marketable product C. a pilot project D. a technical challenge 38. Compared with older generations, Millennials and Generation Z ______. A. spend more time on gym memberships and self-help books B. prefer to spend on non-essential items for self-growth and emotional joy C. favour financial security over personal development and mental happiness D. show less interest in connecting to new communities through unique items 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Business-Generation Tools B. Career-Pursuit Choices C. Community-Service Pets D. Life-Improvement Purchases 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了通过购买一些非必需品(如一只刺猬和一个意大利制造的咖啡壶)来改善生活质量和社交关系的例子，以及年轻一代在这些购买行为上的倾向。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Goober has improved Mr. Spichak’s life in small and big ways, providing him with entertaining material to post to his social media accounts and helping to introduce him to some of his neighbors when he takes Goober around his block, where they’re met with delighted curiosity. (Goober以或大或小的方式改善了Spichak先生的生活，为他提供了发布到社交媒体账户上的娱乐素材，当他带着Goober在街区走动时，还帮助他向一些邻居介绍自己，邻居们对此充满了好奇)”可知，Goober为Spichak先生提供了发布到社交媒体的有趣素材，还帮他结识邻居，丰富了他在社交媒体和邻里间的社交关系。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段中Ritesh所说的话“Other business enterprises and start-ups who work out of the office space have noticed my coffee pot and out of curiosity come over to chat, (其他在该办公空间工作的企业和初创公司注意到我的咖啡壶，出于好奇，纷纷过来聊天)”可知，Ritesh用这个咖啡壶作为开始交谈的话题，在共享办公空间扩大了他的人脉。故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Millennials (born from 1981 to 1996) and Generation Z (born from 1997 to 2012) are more likely than older generations to make spending on nonessential purchases a priority, according to a study published last year by Intuit. The study suggested that this was because younger generations placed a high value on personal growth and mental happiness. (据Intuit去年发布的一项研究显示，与老一辈人相比，千禧一代 (1981年至1996年出生) 和Z世代 (1997年至2012年出生) 更有可能将非必需品消费作为优先事项。该研究认为，这是因为年轻一代高度重视个人成长和精神幸福)”可知，与老一辈相比，千禧一代和Z世代更愿意在自我成长和情感愉悦的非必需品上花钱。故选B项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“While gym memberships or self-help books may be more obvious purchases for improving lives, less typical options, even unusual ones, can make a lasting difference by helping people find happiness and connect to new communities. (虽然健身房会员或自助书籍可能是改善生活的更明显选择，但不太典型的选择，甚至是不同寻常的选择，也能通过帮助人们找到幸福和联系新的社区，产生持久的影响)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了通过购买一些非必需品(如一只刺猬和一个意大利制造的咖啡壶)来改善生活质量和社交关系的例子，整体围绕能改善生活的购买行为展开论述。因此选项D“Life-Improvement Purchases(改善生活的购买行为)”最符合文章主旨。故选D项。 B Chapter 1 What is critical thinking? Learning outcomes This chapter gives you opportunities to: √ understand what critical thinking is √ find out about the early roots and later developments of critical thinking √ recognize some of the benefits associated with critical thinking skills √ recognize the personal qualities connected to critical thinking √ recognize barriers to the development of good critical thinking skills √ assess your current understanding of critical thinking and identify your priorities for improvement Introduction This chapter provides a general introduction to critical thinking. It examines what is meant by “critical thinking”, the skills associated with it, and the barriers that can slow down effective development of critical approaches. Many people can find it difficult to order their thoughts in a logical, consistent and reasoned way. This book starts from the idea that skills in reasoning can be developed through a better understanding of what critical thinking involves, and by practice. Critical thinking is a cognitive activity connected to using the mind. Learning to think in critically analytical and evaluative ways means using mental processes such as attention (concentrating on specific details and information), categorization (the process of organizing information into categories based on shared characteristics), selection (selecting relevant information), and judgement (the ability to assess and form well- reasoned conclusions or opinions based on available evidence). However, many people who have the potential to develop more effective critical thinking can be prevented from doing so for a variety of reasons apart from a lack of ability. In particular, personal and emotional, or “affective”, reasons can create barriers. You are invited to consider, in this chapter, how far such barriers could be affecting your own thinking abilities and how you will manage them. 40. According to the learning outcomes, which of the following topics is most likely to be included in Chapter 1? A. Significant works in critical thinking B. Teaching strategies for critical thinking C. Critical thinking: individual or collective? D. Critical thinking: Where does it come from? 41. What can a reader learn in this chapter? A. How a mental process works and what role it plays in making logical reasoning. B. What defines cognitive activity and how emotions can shape critical thinking skills. C. Why individuals possess varying abilities to think critically and how to assess them. D. What is critical thinking and how it can be developed through understanding and practice. 42. Which of the following examples best illustrates the mental process of categorization? A. A student chooses articles that are related to his topic from a large database. B. A student focuses on the main points the teacher emphasizes in a physics class. C. A student sorts notes by grouping them according to different historical periods. D. A student decides which arguments to include in his essay after weighing the evidence. 【答案】40. D 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一本书的节选。文章主要介绍了本章主题为批判性思维，以及在本章中可能会了解的内容。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章“Learning outcomes”部分中的“find out about the early roots and later developments of critical thinking (了解批判性思维的早期起源及后期发展)”可知，在本章中，读者将会了解批判性思维的早期起源及后期发展。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Introduction”部分中的“This chapter provides a general introduction to critical thinking. (本章对批判性思维进行了总体介绍。)”以及“This book starts from the idea that skills in reasoning can be developed through a better understanding of what critical thinking involves, and by practice. (本书基于这样一个观点：通过更好地理解批判性思维所涉及的内容，并通过实践，可以培养推理能力。)”可知，读者可以在本章中了解何为批判性思维以及通过实践培养批判性思维。故选D。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章“Introduction”部分中的“Learning to think in critically analytical and evaluative ways means using mental processes such as attention (concentrating on specific details and information), categorization (the process of organizing information into categories based on shared characteristics), selection (selecting relevant information), and judgement (the ability to assess and form well- reasoned conclusions or opinions based on available evidence).(学会以批判分析和评估的方式进行思考，意味着运用诸如注意力（专注于特定细节和信息）、分类（根据共同特征将信息组织成类别的过程）、选择（选择相关信息）和判断（基于可用证据评估和形成合理结论或意见的能力）等心理过程。)”可知，分类是将信息或对象根据共同特征或属性组织成类别的过程。这个过程涉及到识别信息的相似性和差异性，并将其分组以便于理解和处理。选项C“A student sorts notes by grouping them according to different historical periods. (一个学生根据不同的历史时期对笔记进行分类)”符合分类的定义。学生将笔记根据历史时期这一共同特征进行分组，以便于理解和回顾。故选C。 C ①I read “Middlemarch” in college. None in my class got it. Why would Dorothea make such a decision on her marriage? “Trust me, you’ll read this book again when you’re forty, and you’ll say, ‘Oh, I see!’” our professor said. ②Yet there’s a theory behind the assignment of “Middlemarch”: knowledge acquired too early gets stored away. Patterns of thinking established now will be retraced later; ideas encountered first in art will prepare us for the rest of life. This sounds unclear, until you reflect on the fact that you take a class in law school today only to argue a complicated case years later. Knowledge must often molder in our mental warehouses for decades until we figure out what to do with it. ③Leslie Valiant, a distinguished computer scientist, calls our ability to learn over the long term “educability”. In his new book, “The Importance of Being Educable,” he argues that it’s key to our success. When we think about what makes our minds special, we tend to focus on intelligence. But if we want to grasp reality in all its complexity, Valiant writes, then “cleverness is not enough.” We need to build comprehensive and flexible theories about the world — theories that will serve us in new, unanticipated, and strange circumstances — and we do that by gathering diverse kinds of knowledge, often in a slow, additive, accidental way, and knitting them together. Through this process, we acquire systems of beliefs that are broader and richer than the ones we can create through direct personal experience. ④An educable mind, he writes, can learn from books, lectures, conversations, experiences, — from anything, really — and notice when relevant aspects of almost forgotten knowledge reveal themselves. We admire aspects of someone’s educability when we say that they are a quick study, but what really makes them educable is that they apply insights “for purposes not foreseen at the time of the study”. When people strike us as particularly well-educated, this might mean that they have had lots of school, but it could also mean that they’re exceptionally educable, with the ability to take good advantage of whatever educational opportunities arise, whether formal or informal. ⑤Valiant thinks it might be useful to promote educability as an ideal. We could try to figure out how to measure and teach it in schools, or to encourage it in adults; at a time when rapid technological change means there’s always more to learn, we might seek to create a more educable society in general. 43. The underlined word “molder” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “______”. A. become out-of-date B. keep practical C. remain inactive D. stay safe 44. Which of the following mind map correctly illustrate the relationship among knowledge, theory and beliefs? A. B. C. D. 45. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. True educability lies in presenting insights for unforeseen purposes. B. A quick learner overestimates the value of learning from all sources. C. Schooling ensures that an educable mind can seize all learning opportunities. D. An educable mind pursues learning even without an immediate goal in mind. 46. The passage is intended to ______. A. introduce a book on educability B. maximize the benefits of educability C. inspire people to create an educable society D. recommend a distinguished computer scientist 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了计算机科学家Leslie Valiant在其新书中提出的“可教育性”的概念，强调了长期学习能力的重要性，并讨论了如何在学校和成人中培养这种能力。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“Knowledge must often molder in our mental warehouses for decades until we figure out what to do with it. (知识往往要在我们的精神仓库里molder几十年，直到我们明白如何利用它为止)”可知，知识经常在我们的精神仓库里存放几十年，直到我们想出如何处理它，molder在这里的意思是“保持不活跃，未被利用”。A. become out-of-date过时；B. keep practical保持务实；C. remain inactive保持不活跃；D. stay safe保持安全。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“We need to build comprehensive and flexible theories about the world—theories that will serve us in new, unanticipated, and strange circumstances — and we do that by gathering diverse kinds of knowledge, often in a slow, additive, accidental way, and knitting them together. Through this process, we acquire systems of beliefs that are broader and richer than the ones we can create through direct personal experience. (我们需要构建关于世界的全面且灵活的理论——这些理论将在新奇、意外和陌生的环境中为我们所用——我们通过收集各种知识（通常是缓慢地、逐渐地、偶然地）并将它们融合在一起来实现这一点。通过这个过程，我们获得了比通过直接个人经验所能创造出的更广泛、更丰富的信仰体系)”可知，知识是构建理论的基础，而理论又是形成信仰的基石。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段中“An educable mind, he writes, can learn from books, lectures, conversations, experiences, — from anything, really — and notice when relevant aspects of almost forgotten knowledge reveal themselves. We admire aspects of someone’s educability when we say that they are a quick study, but what really makes them educable is that they apply insights “for purposes not foreseen at the time of the study”. (他写道，具有可教育性的思维能够从书籍、讲座、对话、经历——实际上是从任何事情中学习，并注意到几乎被遗忘的知识中相关的方面何时会显现出来。当我们说某人是快速学习者时，我们欣赏他们身上的可教育性，但真正使他们具有可教育性的是，他们能够将见解“应用于学习当时未曾预见的目的”)”可知，一个具有可教育性思维的头脑即使没有直接的目标，也会追求学习。故选D。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Leslie Valiant, a distinguished computer scientist, calls our ability to learn over the long term “educability”. In his new book, “The Importance of Being Educable,” he argues that it’s key to our success. (杰出的计算机科学家Leslie Valiant将我们长期学习的能力称为“可教育性”。在他的新书《可教育性的重要性》中，他认为这是我们成功的关键)”可知，全文围绕计算机科学家莱斯利・瓦利安特（Leslie Valiant）的著作《The Importance of Being Educable》展开，解释其 “可教育性（educability）” 的概念及意义。尽管第五段提到推动可教育性社会，但核心目的是介绍书中的理论，而非直接呼吁创建社会（选项 C）或最大化效益（选项 B）。选项 D 错误，文章重点是 “可教育性” 而非单纯推荐作者。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Hiking: How to Get Started Hiking, a form of exercise older than exercise itself, is so hot right now. For dedicated hikers, hiking offers freedom and perspective. But for those of us who haven’t spent serious time outdoors since summer camp, a half-day hike can be difficult. How can you avoid getting lost or injured? Do you really need special hiking shoes? ____47____ If you’re relatively active, you’re probably already training just by going for walks. ____48____ To train for sharper land, walk up hills or take the stairs instead of a lift. The key to a relaxing hike is being as prepared as possible for the unknown, whether it’s a sudden downpour or an injured ankle. Every hiker should bring the 10 essentials, which include food and drink, first aid supplies, a map and compass and rainwear. ____49____ You don’t need to invest in special hiking shoes. You do need to wear shoes that offer firmness and protection, especially if the track is rocky, sharp or potentially muddy. Finally, to avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging tracks. Remember: ____50____ Slow down, take in the scenery, listen to the birds, and just be present in nature. A. What happens if you lose cell-phone service? B. The point is to be able to see the views and smell the flowers. C. But the most essential equipment is footwear because your feet are literally your foundation. D. Spending time in nature and having experiences that inspire amazement can lower stress and anxiety. E. If the idea of breaking a sweat on the tracks sounds appealing but you’ re not sure how to start, we’ve got you covered. F. It can be as simple as heading out the door and walking for 40 minutes to an hour to build up strength and endurance. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何开始徒步旅行。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Hiking, a form of exercise older than exercise itself, is so hot right now. For dedicated hikers, hiking offers freedom and perspective. But for those of us who haven’t spent serious time outdoors since summer camp, a half-day hike can be difficult. How can you avoid getting lost or injured? Do you really need special hiking shoes?(徒步旅行，一种比运动本身更古老的运动形式，现在非常热门。对于专门的徒步旅行者来说，徒步旅行提供了自由和视角。但对于我们这些自夏令营以来就没有花时间在户外的人来说，半天的徒步旅行可能很困难。怎样才能避免迷路或受伤？你真的需要特别的登山鞋吗？)”可知，上文提到了一些徒步旅行时遇到的问题，本句应当承接上文继续说明如何解决这些问题，E选项中how to start与上文的问题相呼应，且we’ve got you covered引出下文对于徒步旅行开始方式的介绍。故E选项“如果在小道上大汗淋漓的想法听起来很吸引人，但你不知道如何开始，我们已经为你提供了帮助”符合语境，故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“If you’re relatively active, you’re probably already training just by going for walks.(如果你比较活跃，你可能已经通过散步来训练了)”可知，上文提到散步是一种锻炼方式，本句应当继续说明散步锻炼的方式，F选项中It指代上文提到的散步锻炼。故F选项“它可以很简单，走出家门，走40分钟到一个小时来增强力量和耐力”符合语境，故选F。 【49题详解】 根据后文“You don’t need to invest in special hiking shoes.(你不需要花钱买特别的登山鞋)”可知，后文提到不需要花钱买特别的登山鞋，说明本句与购买鞋子有关。故C选项“但最重要的装备是鞋子，因为你的脚实际上是你的基础”符合语境，故选C。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Finally, to avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging tracks. Remember:(最后，为了避免受伤，在更有挑战性的赛道上不要强迫自己太用苛刻或太快。记住……)”可知，上文提到徒步旅行时不要对自己太苛刻或太快，本句应当继续说明徒步旅行时的注意事项，故B选项“重要的是能看到风景，闻到花香”符合语境，且和下文“Slow down, take in the scenery, listen to the birds, and just be present in nature.(慢下来，欣赏风景，听听鸟儿的叫声，沉浸在大自然中)”语义一致，故选B。 Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Make a Good Video Resumé (简历)? Video resumés have been around for a long time. With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. But how to make a good video resumé? First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. For example, “Hello InVideo, I’m John Doe”. Not only does this get their attention but it makes them feel prioritized. The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. If you’re a filmmaker, you can simply state that or be creative with words and say you’re a visual storyteller. Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. For example, building on the filmmaker’s introduction, you could talk about how meeting people from around the world and sharing their stories deeply motivates you, and then you can share an experience that supports it. You can also focus on life experiences that have led you to cultivate skills-like taking a year off to travel abroad, volunteering at a shelter, or a hobby that you actively pursue. You can also speak about your special achievements and awards that will add value to your profile or you can get someone to speak on behalf of you as social proof. At the end of the video, leave the ball in their court. However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this — “I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell you about it over an interview”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Video resumés offer a creative way to show personality and skills. Begin your video resumé by introducing yourself, addressing the company, and stating your profession or desired role. Then discuss your passion and back it with past experiences, life skills, achievements or recommendations. Conclude by inviting an interview, emphasizing there’s more to share.(53 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，视频简历提供了一种展示个性和技能的创造性方式。视频简历的开头包括自我介绍、公司名称、职业或期望的职位。然后讨论你的激情，用过去的经历、生活技能、成就或推荐来支持它。最后邀请面试，强调有更多的东西可以分享。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. ②First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. ③The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. ④Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. ⑤However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this — “I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell you about it over an interview”. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4、5几个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Video resumes offer a creative way to showcase your personality and skills. Start your resume with an introduction of yourself, the name of your company, and your occupation or desired position. Then discuss your passion and back it up with past experiences, life skills, accomplishments, or recommendations. Finally invite for an interview, emphasizing that you have more to share. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Video resumés offer a creative way to show personality and skills. (运用了不定式作后置定语对一段内容进行总结) [高分句型2]Conclude by inviting an interview, emphasizing there’s more to share. (运用了现在分词作状语和省略连接代词that的宾语从句对最后一段内容进行总结) 第Ⅱ卷（共40分） IV．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这款饮料由水果和蔬菜汁混合而成，味道很好（combination）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】This drink, which is a combination of fruit and vegetable juices, tastes great. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、定语从句和时态。“这款饮料”翻译为This drink，“由水果和蔬菜汁混合而成”为定语成分，修饰名词drink；先行词drink在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导；“由水果和蔬菜汁混合而成”翻译为 a combination of fruit and vegctable juices；“味道很好”翻译为 taste great。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是This drink，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为This drink, which is a combination of fruit and vegetable juices, tastes great. 53. 下了一周雨后，天气变得阳光明媚，这真令人感到愉悦。（which）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】After a week of rain, the weather turned sunny and bright, which was truly delightful. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、定语从句和时态。“下了一周雨后”翻译为After a week of rain；“天气”翻译为the weather；“变得”用动词turn，为系动词，后接形容词作表语；“阳光明媚”翻译为sunny and bright；指代前面一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“这真令人感到愉悦”翻译为truly delightful。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为After a week of rain, the weather turned sunny and bright, which was truly delightful. 54. 无论从哪个方面看，写作都是一个有百利无一害，且适用于每个普通人的技能。（apply）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】From any perspective, writing is a skill that offers nothing but benefits and applies to every ordinary person. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、定语从句和时态。“无论从哪个方面看”用短语from any perspective；“写作”翻译为writing；“技能”用名词 skill，后接定语从句，先行词skill在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导；“有百利无一害”翻译为offer nothing but benefits；“适用于”用短语apply to；“每个普通人”翻译为every ordinary person。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为From any perspective, writing is a skill that offers nothing but benefits and applies to every ordinary person. 55. 包括新手小白和高级玩家在内的多位受访者表示，他们热衷于攀岩是因为这项运动需要他们富有创造性地解决问题。（range）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A dozen interviewees, ranging from beginners to professionals, said they were enthusiastic about rock climbing because it required them to solve problems creatively. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词、宾语从句和原因状语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时；“多位”翻译为a dozen，后接可数名词的复数形式；“受访者”用名词interviewee；“包括”用短语range from...to，在句中作定语，与interviewees之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式；“新手小白”用名词beginner；“高级玩家”用名词professional；“表示”用动词say，后接宾语从句；“热衷于”用短语be enthusiastic about；“攀岩”翻译为rock climbing；“因为”用连词because，引导原因状语从句；“需要某人做某事”用短语require sb. to do sth.；“解决问题”翻译为solve problems ；“创造性地”用副词creatively，故宾语从句译为they were enthusiastic about rock climbing because it required them to solve problems creatively，结构、意义完整，使用that引导，that可省略。故翻译为：A dozen interviewees, ranging from beginners to professionals, said they were enthusiastic about rock climbing because it required them to solve problems creatively. V．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，收到年龄相仿的英国笔友Mary的邮件 (如下)，她将于下周末在家中接待来自中国的几位同龄人，但不知道该做些什么准备。请回复她的邮件，内容须包括： (1) 你的建议； (2) 你的理由。 Subject: Seeking Advice on Hosting Friends from China Dear Li Ming, I hope you’re well! I’m reaching out because I’ll be hosting a few friends from China at my home next weekend, and I don’t know what preparations I should make to ensure they feel comfortable and welcome. Do you have any suggestions? Thank you in advance for any advice you can share! Best, Mary ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Mary, I’m glad to help you. Here are some suggestions. First, you can decorate your living room with some Chinese elements like Chinese knots or paper-cuts. It can make them feel more at home. Second, prepare some traditional Chinese tea and snacks. They will enjoy tasting them and it’s a good way to start a conversation. Third, learn a few simple Chinese greetings and phrases. It shows your respect and friendliness. The reason for these suggestions is that Chinese people usually like to see familiar things in a foreign country. Tea and snacks are an important part of Chinese culture. And knowing some Chinese words can make them feel closer to you. I hope your friends will have a great time at your home. Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对英国笔友Mary关于在家接待中国朋友的准备工作咨询给出建议并阐述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 装饰：suggestion→advice 元素：element→ingredient 喜欢：enjoy→like 尊重：respect→esteem 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, you can decorate your living room with some Chinese elements like Chinese knots or paper-cuts. 拓展句：First, you can decorate your living room with some Chinese elements such as Chinese knots or paper-cuts, which can add a touch of Chinese flavor. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The reason for these suggestions is that Chinese people usually like to see familiar things in a foreign country. (运用了that引导的表语从句) 【高分句型2】 I hope your friends will have a great time at your home. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 黄浦区2024学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试 英语试卷 （完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分） 第Ⅰ卷（共75分） I．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Ancient Philosophy Behind The Sign The Sign, a 28-minute episode of the kids TV show has been hotly anticipated—and its story is a deep reflection on change. The much-loved Australian cartoon about Bluey, a seven-year-old blue dog has been a worldwide phenomenon since it ___1___ (launch) back in 2018. Alongside more genuinely laugh-out-loud moments than in most high-time comedies, it contains more serious elements too, such as brief introductions of parenting situations ___2___ will be painfully familiar to any guardians or caregivers, as well as inferences to fateful life events ___3___ death and marriage. It’s exploring an adult world with the joyous, surreal excitement of childhood. ___4___ viewers won’t have predicted will be how much this episode draws from Taoist philosophy. It is an ancient Chinese belief system based on trying ___5___ (exist) in harmony with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s moving away, her teacher Calypso reads a story ___6___ (call) The Farmer. The story follows a series of events happening, and each time, the neighbours tell the farmer that it’s “good luck” or “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies to each situation, “We’ll see”. “Is it a happy or sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “Both,” says Calypso. “I don’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will work out the way that ___7___ is supposed to, Bluey,” she replies. The story is actually an old tale that first originated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text ___8___ (date) back to 139 BC, and it reminds people that we have no control or no real way of knowing whether events that happen to us ___9___ (be) “good” or “bad”. ____10____ we are open to change and trust that things will work out for the best, we are sure to make it. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clarity B．enriching C．ideally D．recharge E．refreshed F．schedule G．selfish H．socially I．strike J．tolerate K．varying How to Get the Most Out of Alone Time Solitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negative emotional state, solitude can be a positive and ____11____ experience. As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become ____12____ awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t ____13____ being alone while transitioning to a better situation. Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain ____14____ on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to ____15____ and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life. It’s essential to ____16____ a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have ____17____ needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better ____18____ daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back ____19____. Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as _____20_____ or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each-blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Our drive to seek out happiness is a muscle that we can exercise and develop. Almost anyone can learn to develop their reward sensitivity by ____21____ themselves to notice and experience their positive emotions. To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of ____22____. It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to ____23____ positive experiences. After you’ve enjoyed that ____24____ moment, close your eyes and recount out loud where and when you experienced the greatest joy. The idea isn’t just to remember how you felt, but to enhance and re-experience it, thus ____25____ your memory of them, and increasing your motivation to seek them out going forward. Here are some other adjustments you can make to develop a positive mind-set. Expand your joy ____26____: Research suggests that finding more words to describe positive emotions can prove and increase them. When reflecting on how something made you feel, try to be ____27____, using words like calm, overjoyed, delighted, inspired beyond fine, good or great. Share your highlight reel (高光时刻): ____28____ what made you happiest can make you feel better. Spread that happiness to another person — and also strengthen a bond. Find bright sides: With practice, it’s possible to ____29____ the positives hidden in things that we might first see as negative. For example, if you invited co-workers to get together and only one person showed up, you could easily view that as a (n) ______30______. But the bright side would be that you got to know that one person better. Forecast future wins: If you’re tight scheduled, pick an event that’s approaching and think of the best possible ______31______. If you’re tired, ______32______ smiling at your friend across the room, feeling proud. Using imagery can encourage motivation and get you ready for more ______33______ experiences. Keep in mind, too, that it’s normal to feel ______34______ with pleasurable feelings sometimes, particularly if you experience depression and anxiety. Worrying can make you feel like you’re ready to respond to threats — but by constantly ______35______ disaster, we miss the happiness in front of us right now. Sometimes we need to behave like happy people if we actually want to be happy. 21. A. attracting B. demonstrating C. entertaining D. training 22 A. accomplishment B. belonging C. identity D. responsibility 23. A. broaden B. postpone C. provide D. share 24. A. critical B. daily C. rare D. spare 25. A. recalling B. recovering C. searching D. strengthening 26 A. reflection B. selection C. trial D. vocabulary 27. A. brief B. creative C. precise D. secure 28. A. Broadcasting B. Choosing C. Defining D. Wondering 29. A. cover B. divide C. teach D. notice 30. A. failure B. opportunity C. reward D. surprise 31. A. initiative B. outcome C. prize D. solution 32. A. avoid B. imagine C. practice D. try 33. A. direct B. inspiring C. sensory D. shared 34 A. content B. distracted C. easy D. uncomfortable 35. A. ending in B. guarding against C. heading for D. preparing for Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. A How much ongoing joy can you get from something that weighs eight ounces (盎司)? For Simon Spichak, it’s a lot, thanks to a hedgehog that fits in his hand. Mr. Spichak, a 29-year-old science writer who lives in Toronto, bought his new partner in May 2023 for $280 and named it Goober. He has spent an additional $200 on food, a wheel, bedding and toys, as well as $150 in their first year together to visit a veterinarian (兽医). Goober has improved Mr. Spichak’s life in small and big ways, providing him with entertaining material to post to his social media accounts and helping to introduce him to some of his neighbors when he takes Goober around his block, where they’re met with delighted curiosity. “There are lots of people walking by from the neighborhood who start conversations because of the hedgehog,” Mr. Spichak said. This is not an individual case. Ritesh Seth, a human resources specialist in Columbia, Md., bought a solid brass, Italian-made coffee pot for$400, and said it had helped him expand his network at his co-working space. “Other business enterprises and start-ups who work out of the office space have noticed my coffee pot and out of curiosity come over to chat,” Mr. Seth, 38, said. “Usually, after the polite introductions. we discuss what product or project we are working on, find common business challenges, refer potential prospects and sometimes talk about sports.” Millennials (born from 1981 to 1996) and Generation Z (born from 1997 to 2012) are more likely than older generations to make spending on nonessential purchases a priority, according to a study published last year by Intuit. The study suggested that this was because younger generations placed a high value on personal growth and mental happiness. While gym memberships or self-help books may be more obvious purchases for improving lives, less typical options, even unusual ones, can make a lasting difference by helping people find happiness and connect to new communities. 36. What did Goober bring to Simon? A. It inspired him to pursue a science writing career. B. It helped him save money on veterinary expenses. C. It enriched his social media and neighborhood connections. D. It gained him fame by achieving recognition in the community. 37. With the coffee pot as ______, Ritesh expanded his network at his co-working space. A. a conversation starter B. a marketable product C. a pilot project D. a technical challenge 38. Compared with older generations, Millennials and Generation Z ______. A. spend more time on gym memberships and self-help books B. prefer to spend on non-essential items for self-growth and emotional joy C. favour financial security over personal development and mental happiness D. show less interest in connecting to new communities through unique items 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Business-Generation Tools B. Career-Pursuit Choices C. Community-Service Pets D. Life-Improvement Purchases B Chapter 1 What is critical thinking? Learning outcomes This chapter gives you opportunities to: √ understand what critical thinking is √ find out about the early roots and later developments of critical thinking √ recognize some of the benefits associated with critical thinking skills √ recognize the personal qualities connected to critical thinking √ recognize barriers to the development of good critical thinking skills √ assess your current understanding of critical thinking and identify your priorities for improvement Introduction This chapter provides a general introduction to critical thinking. It examines what is meant by “critical thinking” the skills associated with it, and the barriers that can slow down effective development of critical approaches. Many people can find it difficult to order their thoughts in a logical, consistent and reasoned way. This book starts from the idea that skills in reasoning can be developed through a better understanding of what critical thinking involves, and by practice. Critical thinking is a cognitive activity connected to using the mind. Learning to think in critically analytical and evaluative ways means using mental processes such as attention (concentrating on specific details and information), categorization (the process of organizing information into categories based on shared characteristics), selection (selecting relevant information), and judgement (the ability to assess and form well- reasoned conclusions or opinions based on available evidence). However, many people who have the potential to develop more effective critical thinking can be prevented from doing so for a variety of reasons apart from a lack of ability. In particular, personal and emotional, or “affective”, reasons can create barriers. You are invited to consider, in this chapter, how far such barriers could be affecting your own thinking abilities and how you will manage them. 40. According to the learning outcomes, which of the following topics is most likely to be included in Chapter 1? A. Significant works in critical thinking B. Teaching strategies for critical thinking C. Critical thinking: individual or collective? D. Critical thinking: Where does it come from? 41. What can a reader learn in this chapter? A. How a mental process works and what role it plays in making logical reasoning. B. What defines cognitive activity and how emotions can shape critical thinking skills. C. Why individuals possess varying abilities to think critically and how to assess them. D. What is critical thinking and how it can be developed through understanding and practice. 42. Which of the following examples best illustrates the mental process of categorization? A. A student chooses articles that are related to his topic from a large database. B. A student focuses on the main points the teacher emphasizes in a physics class. C. A student sorts notes by grouping them according to different historical periods. D. A student decides which arguments to include in his essay after weighing the evidence. C ①I read “Middlemarch” in college. None in my class got it. Why would Dorothea make such a decision on her marriage? “Trust me, you’ll read this book again when you’re forty, and you’ll say, ‘Oh, I see!’” our professor said. ②Yet there’s a theory behind the assignment of “Middlemarch”: knowledge acquired too early gets stored away. Patterns of thinking established now will be retraced later; ideas encountered first in art will prepare us for the rest of life. This sounds unclear, until you reflect on the fact that you take a class in law school today only to argue a complicated case years later. Knowledge must often molder in our mental warehouses for decades until we figure out what to do with it. ③Leslie Valiant, a distinguished computer scientist, calls our ability to learn over the long term “educability”. In his new book, “The Importance of Being Educable,” he argues that it’s key to our success. When we think about what makes our minds special, we tend to focus on intelligence. But if we want to grasp reality in all its complexity, Valiant writes, then “cleverness is not enough.” We need to build comprehensive and flexible theories about the world — theories that will serve us in new, unanticipated, and strange circumstances — and we do that by gathering diverse kinds of knowledge, often in a slow, additive, accidental way, and knitting them together. Through this process, we acquire systems of beliefs that are broader and richer than the ones we can create through direct personal experience. ④An educable mind, he writes, can learn from books, lectures, conversations, experiences, — from anything, really — and notice when relevant aspects of almost forgotten knowledge reveal themselves. We admire aspects of someone’s educability when we say that they are a quick study, but what really makes them educable is that they apply insights “for purposes not foreseen at the time of the study”. When people strike us as particularly well-educated, this might mean that they have had lots of school, but it could also mean that they’re exceptionally educable, with the ability to take good advantage of whatever educational opportunities arise, whether formal or informal. ⑤Valiant thinks it might be useful to promote educability as an ideal. We could try to figure out how to measure and teach it in schools, or to encourage it in adults; at a time when rapid technological change means there’s always more to learn, we might seek to create a more educable society in general. 43. The underlined word “molder” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “______”. A. become out-of-date B. keep practical C. remain inactive D. stay safe 44. Which of the following mind map correctly illustrate the relationship among knowledge, theory and beliefs? A. B. C. D. 45. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. True educability lies in presenting insights for unforeseen purposes. B. A quick learner overestimates the value of learning from all sources. C. Schooling ensures that an educable mind can seize all learning opportunities. D. An educable mind pursues learning even without an immediate goal in mind. 46. The passage is intended to ______. A. introduce a book on educability B. maximize the benefits of educability C. inspire people to create an educable society D. recommend a distinguished computer scientist Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Hiking: How to Get Started Hiking, a form of exercise older than exercise itself, is so hot right now. For dedicated hikers, hiking offers freedom and perspective. But for those of us who haven’t spent serious time outdoors since summer camp, a half-day hike can be difficult. How can you avoid getting lost or injured? Do you really need special hiking shoes? ____47____ If you’re relatively active, you’re probably already training just by going for walks. ____48____ To train for sharper land, walk up hills or take the stairs instead of a lift. The key to a relaxing hike is being as prepared as possible for the unknown whether it’s a sudden downpour or an injured ankle. Every hiker should bring the 10 essentials, which include food and drink, first aid supplies, a map and compass and rainwear. ____49____ You don’t need to invest in special hiking shoes. You do need to wear shoes that offer firmness and protection, especially if the track is rocky, sharp or potentially muddy. Finally, to avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging tracks. Remember: ____50____ Slow down, take in the scenery, listen to the birds, and just be present in nature. A. What happens if you lose cell-phone service? B. The point is to be able to see the views and smell the flowers. C. But the most essential equipment is footwear because your feet are literally your foundation. D. Spending time in nature and having experiences that inspire amazement can lower stress and anxiety. E. If the idea of breaking a sweat on the tracks sounds appealing but you’ re not sure how to start, we’ve got you covered. F. It can be as simple as heading out the door and walking for 40 minutes to an hour to build up strength and endurance. Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Make a Good Video Resumé (简历)? Video resumés have been around for a long time. With a well-made video resumé, you can present yourself creatively and allow a hiring manager to assess your personality, thus giving you an opportunity for interview. But how to make a good video resumé? First, start by introducing yourself and addressing the company you are applying to. For example, “Hello InVideo, I’m John Doe”. Not only does this get their attention but it makes them feel prioritized. The next thing is to address what profession you’re in or desire to be in. If you’re a filmmaker, you can simply state that or be creative with words and say you’re a visual storyteller. Then, talk about your passion for what you do and support it by referring to your past experiences and work. For example, building on the filmmaker’s introduction, you could talk about how meeting people from around the world and sharing their stories deeply motivates you, and then you can share an experience that supports it. You can also focus on life experiences that have led you to cultivate skills-like taking a year off to travel abroad, volunteering at a shelter, or a hobby that you actively pursue. You can also speak about your special achievements and awards that will add value to your profile or you can get someone to speak on behalf of you as social proof. At the end of the video, leave the ball in their court. However, you also need to give them a reason to call you for an interview. For example, you could end the video with this — “I have a lot more to me than I could fit in this short video and I hope you give me a chance to tell you about it over an interview”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷（共40分） IV．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这款饮料由水果和蔬菜汁混合而成，味道很好。（combination）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 53. 下了一周雨后，天气变得阳光明媚，这真令人感到愉悦。（which）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 54. 无论从哪个方面看，写作都是一个有百利无一害，且适用于每个普通人的技能。（apply）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 55. 包括新手小白和高级玩家在内的多位受访者表示，他们热衷于攀岩是因为这项运动需要他们富有创造性地解决问题。（range）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ V．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，收到年龄相仿的英国笔友Mary的邮件 (如下)，她将于下周末在家中接待来自中国的几位同龄人，但不知道该做些什么准备。请回复她的邮件，内容须包括： (1) 你的建议； (2) 你的理由。 Subject: Seeking Advice on Hosting Friends from China Dear Li Ming, I hope you’re well! I’m reaching out because I’ll be hosting a few friends from China at my home next weekend, and I don’t know what preparations I should make to ensure they feel comfortable and welcome. Do you have any suggestions? Thank you in advance for any advice you can share! Best, Mary ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$